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专业八级英美国文学作家作品

英美文学知识考点分析经过对英语专业八级考试大纲以及近三年真题人文知识部分全真题的认真研究，详细、逐题分析后，我们可以清楚看出对英美文学知识的考查一般占了其中的3小题（30%）。

通过分析，可以把对英美文学知识的考查重点归纳为以下几类：一、对知名的英美文学家及其作品的重点考查1．The novel Emma is written by________.（2005年真题第35题）A. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte Bronte?C. Elizabeth C. GaskellD. Jane Austen该题是关于英国文学知识，考查的是英国著名小说家的作品,考查作家作品是专业八级人文知识文学部分的重要考试内容。

问题问小说Emma为何人所作？该书为浪漫主义时期女作家Jane Austen所作，因此答案是D。

2．Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? （2007年真题第35题）A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights该题考查的也是关于英国小说家的作品。

问题Emily Bronte写了哪部小说？Emily Bronte是英国维多利亚时期的女作家、诗人，小说Wuthering Heights是她的代表作品，因此答案为D。

3．Death of a Salesman was written by________.（2007年真题第37题）A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin该题是关于美国小说家的作品。

Arthur Miller是美国著名的剧作家，他的作品有Man Who Had All the Luck，Death of A Salesman，All My sons等，因此答案为A。

英语专业八级(TEM)英国文学复习资料.doc

英语专业八级(TEM )英国文学复习资料Chapter One ( 一般掌握)Chapter Two English Literature of the Late Medieval AgesI.可出选择题有：( ) 1. Apart from original poems, Chaucer translated various works of French authors, among them is the famousA.The Canterbury TalesB.The Romance of the RoseC.The Parliament of FowlsD.The House of Fame()2. Generally speaking, Chaucer's works fall into three main groups corresponding roughly to the three periods of his adult life, which period is wrong?A.The period of French influenceB.The period of Italian influenceC.The period of his maturityD.The period of American influence( ) 3. Which of the following information about Chaucer is wrong?A.He died on the 25th of October 1400, he was the first to be buried in the writer's corner of Westminster AbbyB.He was considered as "father of English Poetry"C.He was one of the narrative poets of EnglandD.His masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales( ) 4. Of the following, the one which employs the form of romance is.A.AmorettiB. Venus and AdonisC. The TempestD. Sir Gawain and Green Knight( ) 5. The characters in the Canterbury Tales can be divided into thefollowing groups except.A.rural dwellersB. church membersC. tradesmanD. nobles()6. Piers the Plowman is similar in form to the work written byA.ChaucerB. ShakespeareC. MarloweD. BunyanChapter Three English Literature in the RenaissanceI.可出选择题有：( ) 1. English Renaissance Period was an age ofA.prose and novelB.poetry and dramaC.essays and journalsD.ballads and songs()2. "Romeo, Romeo, Wherefore art thou Romeo?" is one of the most famous lines from Romeo and Juliet. Which of the following comments on the line is NOT true?A.Juliet speaks the line in the balcony scene.B.She is unaware of Romeo's presence.C.She asks him to deny his family for her love.D. A major theme in Romeo and Juliet is the tension between social and family identity and one's inner identity (represented by one's name).( ) 3. The Elizabethan literatureA.had a marked unity and the feeling of patriotism and devotion to the queen.B.witnessed a decline of degenerationC.expressed age and sadness, even the brightest hours were followed by gloom and pessimism.D.was not romantic.()4. One of the following plays takes its subject matter from Chinese historyA.Henry IVB. MacbethC. TamburlaineD. Alchemist( ) 5. Dr Faustus sells his soul to the devil because he.A.is faced by MephistophelesB.wants to gain more moneyC.wants to live an extravagant lifeD.wants to know more about the world()6. Shakespeare is a poet, playwright and.A.criticB. novelistC. an actorD. both b and c( ) 7. Of the following, the one which employs the form of romance is.A.AmorettiB. Venus and AdonisC. The TempestD. Sir Gawain and Green Knight( ) 8. The difference of Surrey's contribution to English poetry from that of Wyatt lies in that Surrey.A.wrote the first English sonnetB.introduce the couplet into EnglandC.wrote the first English blank verseD.made the sonnet popular()9. The one who first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama isA.SurreyB. MarloweC. ShakespeareD. Jonson( ) 10. The recurrent theme of Marlowe* s play is the praise of.A.capitalismB. feudalismC. individualismD. nationalismII.可出填空题有：1.Rough winds do shake the of May,And has all too short a date.2.Sometimes too hot the shines, and often is his__________ dimmed.3.Shakespeare produced plays and sonnet.4.is praised by Marx as “the progenitor of English Materialism,^.III.可出简答题有：Analyze Shakespeare's four periods of career concisely.Chapter Four English Literature of the Seventeenth CenturyI.可出选择题有：( ) 1.was a progressive intellectual movement which began inFrance and had a wide impact throughout Europe in 18th century.A.The RenaissanceB.The EnlightenmentC.The Religious ReformationD.The Chartist Movement( ) 2. Which of the following comment on the image of Satan in Paradise Lostis NOT correct?A.The finest thing in Paradise Lost is the description of Hell and Satan was the real hero.B.He is firmer than the rest of the fallen angelsC.He remains obeyed and admired by all the angelsD.It is he who makes man revolt against God.( ) 3. Which of the following information about John Donne is NOT true?A.He was born in a Roman Catholic family.B.He received his education at Oxford and Cambridge.ter he gave up his Catholic faith and took orders in the Anglican Church.D.He wrote only religious poems.()4. Dryden's contribution to English literature lies in the following except.A.he established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse formB.he clarified the English proseC.he raised the English literature criticism to a new levelD.he raised English comedy to a higher level( ) 5. Apology for Poetry is.A. a poemB. a romanceC. a criticismD. a sonnetII.可出判断题有：( ) 1. John Donne is famous for his metaphysical conceit, that is, a comparison between the two strikingly resemblant objects.()2. Newspaper was born in 17th century.( ) 3. One of the characteristics of the English bourgeois revolution was that it was carried out under the cloak of religion.III.可出填空题有：1.is the glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry.IV.可出术语有：metaphysical poetsChapter Five English Literature in the Eighteenth CenturyI.可出选择题有:( ) 1. In the 18th century, satire was much used in writing, English literature of this age produced some excellent satirists, such asA.SwiftB. DefoeC. BlakeD. Burns( ) 2. In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of Pre-romanticism wereA.Blake and WordsworthB.Bums and ColeridgeC.Blake and BurnsD.Wordsworth and Coleridge()3. Which of the following information about William Blake is NOT true?A.He was born in London, the son of Irish hosier.B.He was a poet as well as an engraver.C.His first book of poem was Songs of Innocence.D.His later poems are mysterious and hard to understand.( ) 4. The main literary stream of the 18th century was.A.RomanticismB.RealismC.Pre-romanticismD.Critical realism( ) 5.was considered as “father of English Novel".A.SwiftB.FieldingC.ChaucerD.Jane Austin() 6. In 1704,founded the periodicals "the Review".A. SwiftB. BlakeC. MiltonD. DefoeII.可出判断题有：( )1. Pope established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse forms.( ) 2. Burn's poems are largely based on imitation and revision of folk balladsof his motherland.( ) 3. Neo-classicism means restraint, thus it is unfit for the requirement of French Revolution, which aroused the age of Romantic Revival to unfetter spirit of humankind.( )4. Swift is known as a pioneer novelist of English and also a prolific writer ofbooks and pamphlets on variety of subjects.( ) 5. The Houyhnhnms represent an ideal rational existence, a life governedby sense.III.可出填空题有：1.is the glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry.2.People in 18th century believed in and their watchword was“common sense".V.可出术语有：EnlightenmentChapter Six English Literature of the Romantic AgeI.可出选择题有：( ) 1. The Roman tic Age began with the publication of “The Lyrical Ballads^, which was written byA.William WordsworthB.Samuel JohnsonC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD.Wordsworth and Coleridge( ) 2. Which poet does not belong to the Active Romantic Poet?A. ByronB. ShelleyC. KeatsD. Blake( ) 3. The first poem in “The Lyrical Ballads" is Coleridge's masterpieceA.Kubla KhanB.The PreludeC.The Rime of Ancient MarinerD.Tintern Abbey( )4. In 1805, Wordsworth completed a long auto-biographical poem entitledA. Biographia LiterariaB. The PreludeC. Lucy PoemsD. The Lyrical Ballads( ) 5. The following stanza is from a poem written by ____ .When we two partedIn silence and in tears,Half broken-hearted,To sever for years.Pale grew thy cheek and coldColder than thy kiss;Truly that hour foretoldSorrow to this!A.Percy Bysshe ShellyB.William BlakeC.George Gordon ByronD.Robert Browning()6. The Lake Poets include all the following members except the author of the following work.A. The PreludeB. Don JuanC. The Ancient MarinerD. Joan of Arc()7. Scott's chief contribution to English literature lies in his novels of.A. warB. historyC. cityD. romanceII.可出判断题有：( ) 1. With the establishment of the Jacobin dictatorship in France, Wordsworth's attitude toward revolution changed into active.( ) 2. In the revised version of Lyrical Ballads, Coleridge held that poetry isthe66spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling”.()3. Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevailed in England in the period (1798——1832)( ) 4. The most important impetus of the Romantic movement was the French Revolution()5. The ideals of French Revolution are liberty, democracy, and equality.()6. The brilliant literary criticism “Biographia Literaria^, is written by Wordsworth.III.可出填空题有：1.marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it.2.In 1843 Wordsworth was made.IV可出术语有：lake poetsV.可出简答题有：What are the qualities of Romanticism?Chapter Seven English Literature of the Victorian AgeI.可出选择题有：( ) 1. The following statements are features of Dickens's novels except.A.The power of exposureplicated and fascinating plotC.Broad humor and penetrating satireD.Tragic mood and feeling of depressionII.可出判断题有：( ) 1. A Tale of Two Cities belongs to the first writing phase of Dickens's career, and the two cities are London and Paris.( ) 2. Though the Victorian poets are called The Third Generation of Romanticism, they showed no vigor and power in production of poetry as their previous poets.III.可出填空题有：1.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend appeared after the romantic poetry.2.The title of the novel Vanity Fair is suggestive of that Vanity Fair in Bunyan's masterpiece, where all sorts of vanities are on sale.3 ・ The central characters of The Mill on Floss are Tom and his sister4.is the representative of New Romanticism in the novel writing at the end of the 19th century.IV.可出术语有：Dramatic monologueV.可出简答题有：The contribution of the setting to the expression of the speaker's situation in"'Crossing the Bar".Chapter Eight English Literature of the First Half of the Twentieth CenturyI.可出判断题有:( T ) 1. Symbolism, Surrealism, Imagism, Expressionism, etc, all belong to School of Modernism.( T ) 2. The Rainbow is D. H. Lawrence's autobiographical work.II.可出简答题有：The significance of the theme of Araby.March the works in column A and authors in column B and write the letter of your choice in the bracketsA BA B。

英国文学知识（专八人文知识必备）

英国文学知识（专八人文知识必备）英国文学知识一、中古英国文学1.Beowulf : the oldest poem in the English language and the most importantspecimen of Anglo-Saxon literature.2.Geoffrey Chaucer: he is acclaimed as the father of English Poetry and father ofEnglish fiction. His masterpiece。

The Canterbury TalesThe Romaunt of the RoseThe Legend of good WomenThe House of Fame二、文艺复兴时期时间：14世纪到17世纪中后期特点：Humanism became the keynote of English Renaissance著名作家：1.Thomas More: Utopia2.Edmund Spenser (a poet):The Faerie QueenThe Shepherd Calendar3.Christopher Marlowe( a poet and dramatist):Edward IIDr. FaustusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta4.William Shakespeare喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s DreamAs you like itMerchant of VeniceThe Twelfth night悲剧：Romeo and JulietThe Tempest四大悲剧：Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet主要历史剧：Henry IV, Henry V5.Francis BaconEssaysThe advancement of learning6.John DonneThe Elegies and SatiresThe Songs and Sonnets7.John Milton (poet)晚年三首长诗Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes三：新古典主义时期时间：17世纪中后期到18世纪特点：The neoclassicists held that all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic and restrained emotion and accuracy.著名作家：1.John Dryden: All for Love2.John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Holy WarThe life and Death of Mr. Badman3.Alexander Pope An Essay on CriticismAn Essay on ManThe Rape of the LockOdyssey4.Daniel Defoe(who is called the father of English and European novels)Robison CrusoeA journal of the Plague yearCaptain Singleton5.Jonathan SwiftGulliver’s TravelA Tale of a TubA Modest proposalThe Drapier’s letters6.Henry FieldingThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling7.Samuel Johnson (著名词汇家，第一部英语字典的编者)A Dictionary of the English LanguageThe Vanity of Human WishesLondon8.Richard Brinsley SheridanThe school for the scandalThe Rivals9.Thomas GrayElegy Written in a country churchyardOde on the spring四：浪漫主义时期时间：18世纪中期到19世纪中期特点：Romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty and is marked by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom. The Romanticism period is an age of Poetry and poets.主要作家1.William BlakeSongs of ExperienceSongs of InnocencePoetical SketchesThe marriage of heaven and hell 2.William WordsworthLyrical BalladsTo the CuckooMy Heart leaps up3.Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗三巨头1.George Gordon ByronCainDon JuanChilde Harold’s Pilgrimage2.Percy Bysshe ShelleyOde to the West WindOde to the Skylark Prometheus unboundedThe Necessity of Atheism Queen Mab3.John KeatsOde to AutumnOde to a nightingaleOde on a Grecian um 希腊古瓷颂Isabella以下各位不太重要：1.Charles LambTales from ShakespeareEssays of Elia2.Mary ShelleyFrankenstein3.Robert SoutheyJoan of Arc 圣女贞德小说家Jane AustinEmmaSense and SensibilityPride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkPersuasion五、VICTORIA PERIOD时间：维多利亚1837年继位，1901年去世。

专八人文知识之英国文学（2）

专八人文知识之英国文学（2）专八人文知识之英国文学14、奥利弗·哥德史密斯Oliver Goldsmith：《好心人》The Good-Natur'd Man;《屈伸求爱》She Stoops to Conquer;《威客菲尔德牧师传》The Vicar of Wakefield ，属感伤主义文学;其诗歌《荒村》 The Deserted Village从新古典主义neoclassicism向浪漫主义romanticism过渡的标志;散文作品《世界公民》The Citizen of the World15、谢里丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan：《造谣学校》The School for Scandal，为莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧British comedy，是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一，达到英国“风俗喜剧”a comedy of manners 之巅五、维多利亚时期的英国文学(19世纪)1、威廉·华兹华斯William Wordsworth：湖畔派诗人“Lake Poets”代表(湖畔派诗人有华兹华斯，柯勒律治，骚赛)，曾为桂冠诗人Poet Laureate(是经由政府官方任命的诗人及其称号);著有《独自云游》I wandered lonely as a cloud，《孤独的割麦女》The Solitary Reaper，《抒情歌谣集》(与柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge合出)Lyrical Ballads，宣告了浪漫主义新诗的诞生。

其最具有代表性的作品为《序曲》Prelude2、柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge：《古舟子咏》(亦作《古舟子之歌》)The Rime of the Ancient Mariner，《忽必烈汗》Kubla Khan，《克里斯特贝尔》Christabel3、骚赛Robert Southey：消极浪漫主义negative Romanticism诗人，被封为桂冠诗人;《毁灭者萨拉巴》Thalabathe destroyer 是骚赛最重要的长篇史诗epic之一4、乔治·戈登·拜伦 George Gordon Byron：是英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人Romantic poets，著有《唐璜》Don Juan。

专八人文知识总结(终)

10、Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫，feminism小说创作的代表： Mrs. Dalloway,《达罗卫夫人》、To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》、The Waves《海浪》；
11、E.M．Forster: 《通往印度之路》
12、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳：Widowers' Houses《鳏夫的房产》，Heartbreak House《伤心之家》，Mrs. Warren's Profession《华伦夫人的职业》
4、Ballads 民谣：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》。
三、 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）
1、 Thomas More托马斯·莫尔： Utopia《乌托邦》
2、 Thomas Wyatt 最先将sonnet引入英国文学。
2、 Coleridge柯勒律治：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》Christabel《克里斯特贝尔》, Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》
3、 Southey骚赛：桂冠诗人；
4、 George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦： Don Juan《唐璜》
悲观时期： David Copperfield《董贝父子》，David Copperfield《大卫科波菲尔》
后期：Bleak House《荒凉山庄》，Hard Times《艰难时世》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》，Great Expectations《远大前程》
14、Thackeray萨克雷：Vanity Fair《名利场》
2、Yeats叶芝：爱尔兰使人《芦苇的风》《库尔的野天鹅》《驶向拜占庭》。

专八人文：英国篇

Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744 Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书
Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign远征；剧本：Cato加图
名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险
Richard Steele理查德•斯梯尔1672-1729 The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄
名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部
John Bunyan班扬1628-1688 The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;
The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生
John Donne约翰。多恩Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions
Part 2. The English renaissance
Thomas More托马斯。莫尔Utopia乌托帮
Philip Sidney菲力普。锡德尼Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩
Edmond Spenser埃德蒙。斯宾塞The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds’s Calender牧羊人日历
(The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry)

tem8-英美文学知识（1）

英美文学知识第一节英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学 (约499-1066)Alliteration – Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- national epicCaedmon (开德蒙)Anthem《赞美诗》1. 诗歌Cynewulf(基涅武甫)Dream of the Rood《十字架之梦》Bede (比德)Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum《英吉利人教会史》2. 散文King Alfred(阿尔弗雷德大帝)Wessex – Father of English Prose (“英国散文之父”);Anglo-Saxon Chronicle《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》二、中古英语时期的英国文学 (14世纪 – 15世纪)1. Allegory – Romance – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》2. Ballad – The Robin Hood Ballads《罗宾汉民谣集》3. William Langland (威廉•兰格伦)The Vision Concerning Piers the Plowman 《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》4. Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里•乔叟)Father of English Poetry (“英国诗歌之父”); The Canterbury Tales《坎特布雷故事集》;- octosyllabic & heroic couplet (八音节英雄双韵体)5. Sir Thomas Malory(托马斯•马洛礼)Le Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学 (15世纪末 – 17世纪中期)1. Humanism – classic culture2. Thomas More (托马斯•莫尔)Utopia《乌托邦》; The Painful Life of Edward V; Historie of Richard the Third《理查德三世传》3. Thomas Wyatt (托马斯•怀亚特), Henry Howard (亨利•霍华德) – Sonnet4. Philip Sidney (菲利浦•锡德尼)Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》-第一篇田园生活的传奇,“现代长篇小说的先驱”;The Defence of Poesie / Apology for Poetry《诗辩》-人文主义文学的宣言,开创近代英国的文学批评5. Edmund Spencer (埃德蒙•斯宾塞)poet’ poet – Spencerian stanza – 9行(ababbcbcc)8 iambic pentameter + 1 iambic hexameter; The FaireQueene 《仙后》被誉为英国文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗” nationalism, humanism, puritanism 6. Christopher Marlowe(克里斯托弗•马娄)Tamburlaine 《帖木耳大帝》; The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧历史》7. William Shakespeare2首长诗, 154首十四行诗, 37部戏剧长诗Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》;The Rape of Lucrece 《露克丽丝受辱记》十四行诗iambic pentameter – 14 (abab cdcd efef gg)3 quatrains + 1 couplet = Shakespearean sonnet悲剧Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth喜剧 A Midsummer Night’s Dream ; The Merchant ofVenice ; As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》; TwelfthNight历史剧Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III(威廉•莎士比亚)戏剧传奇剧Pericles 《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline 《辛白林》; The Winter’s Tale ;Tempest 《暴风雨》8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);Every Man In His Humor 《人性互异》9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派”诗歌创始人);Songs and Sonnets 《歌曲与十四行诗》10. George Herbert (乔治•赫伯特)the saint of the Metaphysical school(“玄学派诗圣”);The Temple 《神殿》11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁•马韦尔)诗风结合了玄学派和古典主义的创作特点;To His Coy Mistress 《致他的娇羞女友》12. Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯•培根)Materialism; Essays 《随笔》(Of Study, OfTruth );The Advancement of Learning 《学术的推进》;The New Instrument 《新工具》四、资产阶级革命及启蒙时期的英国文学 (17世纪末，18世纪 )1. the Enlightenment: liberty, equality, democracy前30年：neo-classicism (崇尚古典文学的创作及美学原则)40年代到80年代：realism2. 18世纪的英国文学80年代以后：sentimentalism & pre-romanticism (崇尚情感)3. John Milton (约翰•弥尔顿)Defence of the English People 《为英国人民而辩》;Second Defence of the Englishpeople 《为英国人民再辩》;Paradise Lost (blank verse, 旧约); Paradise Regained(新约);Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》(poetical drama, closet73. Tennessee Williams (田纳西·威廉斯)The Glass Menagerie《玻璃动物园》; A Street car Named Desire《欲望号街车》; Cat on a Hot Tin Roof《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》74. Arthur Miller (阿瑟·米勒)All My Sons《都是我的儿子》; The Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》75. Edward Albee (爱德华·阿尔比)The Zoo Story《动物园的故事》; Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 《谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫》76. Sylvia Plath (西尔维亚·普拉斯)自白派; The Colossus and Other Poems《巨人》。

(完整版)TEM8英语专八英美文学

英国文学 (English Literature )一、Old and Medieval English Literature 中古英语文学(8 世纪-14 世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)A.Pagan poetry (异教诗歌): Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》 - 最早的诗歌；长诗 (3000 行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报B.Religious poetry: Caedmon (凯德蒙 610-680) : 《赞美诗》( Anthem) ,大多取材余《圣经》 (Bible )故事。

Cynewulf (基涅武甫 9C): 《十字架之梦》 ( Dream of the Rood)C.Anglo-Saxon prose : Venerable Bede (673-735) 《英吉利人教会史》 (Historian Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum )Alfred the Great (848-901)Father of English Prose 《盎格鲁 -撒克逊编年史》 ( Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ) 2) The Medieval Period 中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):Cavalier literature 骑士文学A. Romance 中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 《高文爵士与绿色骑士》 : Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400): the father of English poetry; Heroic couplet( 英雄双韵体 )The Canterbury Tales; The Parliament of Fowls ；The Book of the DuchessThe House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》William Langland (朗兰 1332-1400)： The Vision of Piers Plowman 《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》B. English ballads ( 15th C) Thomas Malory (1395-1471) : Morte d ' Arthu《r亚瑟王之死》 - 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660) :人文主义 humanism; 十四行诗 Sonnets; 无韵诗 Blank verse; 戏剧 Drama; 斯宾塞诗体 Spenserian ；University Wits 大学才子派1)诗歌a.Thomas Wyatt ( 怀亚特 1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb.Sir Philip Sidney (雪尼爵士 1554-1586) ：代表了当时的理想 - “the complete man ”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella 《爱星者与星》 ;Arcadia 《阿卡狄亚》 : a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc. Edmund Spenser （斯宾塞 1552-1599 ）: the poets ' poetThe Shepherd Calendar《牧人日历》； Amoretti《爱情小唱》The Faerie Queen《仙后》： long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the SpenserianStanza Spenserian Stanza（斯宾塞诗体）: Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic（抑扬格）pentameter（五步诗）, and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter（六步诗） line.2）散文a.Thomas More （莫尔 1478-1535）: 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人 Utopia《乌托邦》 : More 与海员的对话b.John Lyly （黎里 1553-160，散文家，剧作家 & 小说家）： Eupheus《尤菲绮斯》Euphuism（夸饰文体）: Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations（头韵） and other artificial prosodic（韵律） means.The use of odd similes（明喻） and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon （培根 1561-1626）：Essays（论说文集）： Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classicPhilosophical : New Instrument《新工具》 New Atlantis 《新大溪岛》 Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》 Professionals : Maxims of the Law 《法律格言》3）戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe : University Wits 大学才子派First made blank verse（无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗） the principle instrument of English drama The Jew of Malta 《马耳他的犹太人》The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成 ; 完善了无韵体诗。

专八英国文学作家及其作品

专八英国文学作家及其作品英国文学作家列表8世纪~15世纪：中古英语文学：romance传奇1.Beowulf 《贝奥武夫》2.Thomas Marlory 托马斯·马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》3.William Langland威廉·朗格兰《耕者皮尔斯》4.Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟十四世纪重要诗人、首创heroic couple、英国小说之父、英国诗歌之父、《坎特伯雷故事集》16世纪~17世纪中期：文艺复兴时期：humanism、戏剧1.Edmnud Spenser 埃蒙德·斯兵塞《仙后》、斯宾塞诗体2.Thomas More 托马斯·莫尔《乌托邦》3.Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根Essays4.Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛莎士比亚前最伟大的剧作家、大学才子、首创无韵诗、《帖木儿》5.William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》“tobe or not t o be”6.Ben Johnson 本·琼森剧作家《狐狸》Vopone7.John Donne 约翰·多恩玄学派Metaphysical创始人、A Valediction：Forbidding Mourning8.John Milton 约翰·弥尔顿17世纪重要诗人、无韵诗大师、文体学家、《失乐园》17世纪中期~18世纪：新古典主义、启蒙运动、感伤主义、现实主义、墓畔派1.John Bunyan 约翰·班扬清教徒、《天路历程》2.John Dryden 约翰·德莱顿英国批判文学之父、桂冠诗人20年、复辟时期最著名的作家、18世纪英国古典主义先驱、An Essay of Dramatic Poesy、All for Love 3.Alexande Pope亚历山大·蒲柏18世纪最伟大的诗人、首次把理性主义带入英国A Essay on Criticism、Essay on Men、The Rape of the Lock4.Samuel Johnson塞穆尔·约翰逊批评文学TheDictionary of the English、《诗人传》、《莎士比亚续集序言》5.Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福The discoverer of themodern novel、英国和欧洲小说之父、《鲁滨逊漂流记》—被认为是英国第一部小说6.Jonathan Swift 乔纳森·斯威夫特《格列佛游记》、《一个小小的建议》、《一个木桶的故事》7.Henry Fielding 亨利·菲尔丁英国小说之父、《弃婴汤姆·琼斯的故事》8.Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔·查理逊Pamela—伤感文学先河、开创了家庭小说9.Tobias Sterne 托比亚斯·斯特恩《蓝登传》/doc/ec2031882.html,wrence Sterne 劳伦斯·斯特恩伤感主义文学小说家、《项狄传》Tristram Shandy出现乐谱省略号等是世界文学中最典型的小说11.Oliver Goldsmith 奥利弗·戈德史密斯《荒村》12.Thomas Gray 托马斯·格雷墓畔派领导人《墓园挽歌》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard13.Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布利斯里·谢丽丹18世纪最伟大的剧作家、《造谣学校》—风俗喜剧，是继莎翁之后最好的14.James Thomson 詹姆斯·汤姆逊The seasons—浪漫主义前第一部优秀的作品15.William Collins 威廉·柯林斯Ode to Evening16.William Blake 威廉·布莱克《天真之歌》《浪漫之歌》《天堂与地狱的婚姻》17.Robety Burns 罗伯特·彭斯苏格兰农民、《我的心在高原》《一朵红红的玫瑰》、Auld Lang Syne18世纪中期~19世纪中期：浪漫主义时期1.William Wordworth 威廉·华兹华斯桂冠诗人、《抒情歌谣集》（《丁登寺旁》《早春》）《我似流云天自流》、The Solitary Reaper、《序曲》2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治《古舟子咏》《忽必烈汗》3.Robert Southey 罗伯特·骚塞《圣女贞德》Joan of Arc4.George Gordon Byron 乔治·戈登·拜伦拜伦式英雄、《她在美中行》《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》《唐璜》Don Juan 5.Percy Bysshe Shelley 珀西·比希·雪莱《解放了的普罗米修斯》《西风颂》《云雀颂》《诗辩》《无神论的必然》6.John Keats约翰·济慈“美就是诗，诗就是美”“为艺术而艺术”《希腊古瓷颂》On a Grecian Urn、《秋颂》《夜莺颂》《心灵颂》《忧郁颂》On Melancholy7.Charles Lamb 查尔斯·兰姆散文家、集思乡幽默和细致入微的观察Old China8.William Hazlitt 威廉·哈兹利特The Spirit of the Age9.Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特他的去世标志英国浪漫主义结束，为现实主义铺平道路Waverley、Ivanhoe10.Jane Austen简·奥斯汀英国第一个女小说家，浪漫主义时期作家，但作品带有现实主义风格《傲慢与偏见》《爱玛》《理智与情感》19世纪中期~20世纪初期：维多利亚时期：批判现实主义、自然主义、小说1.Charles Dickens 查尔斯·狄更斯该时期最伟大的批判现实主义作家之一，反映英国资产阶级《雾都孤儿》《老古玩店》《匹克威克外传》《董贝父子》《大卫·科波菲尔》《荒凉山庄》《艰难时世》《双城记》《远大前程》2.William Makepeace Thackeray威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷19世纪欧洲伟大的批判现实主义代表《名利场》3.Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂·勃朗特女权主义先驱《简爱》4.George Eliot 乔治·艾略特女作家真名Mary AnnEvans 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》The Mill on the Floss、《织工马南》Silas Marner5.Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗雷德·尼丁生人民的诗人、《拍岸曲》《尤利西斯》6.Robert Browing罗伯特·布朗宁戏剧独白、《我的前公爵夫人》My Last Duchess7.Mattew Arnold马修·阿诺德《多佛海滩》8.Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代过渡作家、“regionalnovels”、《还乡》《卡斯特桥市长》《德伯家的苔丝》《无名的裘德》《远离尘嚣》、威塞克斯：哈代家乡古地名景象为虚构室外桃园丁尼生、布朗宁、阿诺德被称为维多利亚诗人“三巨头”20世纪初~“二战”后：现代主义时期1.Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·威尔德《道林·格林的画像》《快乐王子故事集》2.Bernard Shaw萧伯纳莎翁之后最伟大的戏剧家1925诺贝尔《鳏夫的房子》《华伦夫人的职业》《人与超人》《芭芭拉少校》《伤心之家》（一战）《皮革玛丽翁》3.W. B. Yeats 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝1923诺贝尔《驶向拜占庭》《丽达与天鹅》4.William Somerset Maugham 威廉·萨默赛特·毛姆OfHuman Boundage5.Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德《黑暗的心》6.Herbert George Wells 赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯《时间机器》7.Hohn Golsworthy 约翰·高尔斯华绥1932诺贝尔TheForsyte Saga《福尔赛世家》《现代喜剧》8.T. S. Eliot T. S. 艾略特生于美国的英国诗人、剧作家、文艺评论家1948诺贝尔《荒原》《空心人》《四个四重奏》《教堂谋杀案》《鸡尾酒会》、The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock9. D. H. Lawrence D. H. 劳伦斯心理小说家、把人类关系的疏远归于资本主义机器文明、《儿子与情人》《虹》、LadyC hatterley’s Lover10.James Joyce 詹姆斯·乔伊斯意识流的先驱《都柏林人》《青年艺术家的画像》《尤利西斯》《芬尼根守灵夜》11.Virginia woolf 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫20世纪女作家、小说改革者、女权运动的倡导者《达洛维夫人》《到灯塔去》《海浪》《奥兰多》当代文学1.George Orwell 乔治·奥威尔政治寓言小说《动物农场》《一九八四》2.William Golding 威廉·戈尔丁《蝇王》3.John Fowles 约翰·福尔斯《法国中尉的女人》4.Iris Murdoch 艾利斯·默克多《在网下》《沙堡》《钟》5.John Osborne 约翰·奥本斯《愤怒的回顾》标志着20世纪英国戏剧第二次高潮6.Samuel Beckett 塞缪尔·贝克特《等待戈多》7.Arnold Wesker 阿诺德·韦斯克戏剧《大麦鸡汤》8.Doris Lessing 多丽丝·莱辛女作家2007诺贝尔、《金色笔记》9.V. S. Naipaul V. S. 奈保尔2001诺贝尔《比瓦斯先生的房子》《河湾》。

专八英国文学部分整理

British LiteratureAnglo-Saxon times“Old English”Beowulf[epic 史诗]《贝奥武甫》The Middle Ages(the Norman Conquest in 1066) The Canterbury Tales (by Geoffrey Chaucer)《坎特伯雷故事集》杰弗里·乔叟In 1470 Death of Arthur (by Thomas Malory)《亚瑟王之死》托马斯·马罗利In 1576, the first professional theatre opened in London.The Renaissance (rebirth) Elizabethan DramaChristopher Marlowe (1564-1693)16th-17th centuries 克里斯托弗·马洛英国文艺复兴时期The Tragical History of Dr Faustus 《浮士德博士》Tamerlane《帖木儿》The Jew of Malta《马耳他岛的犹太人》Ben Jonson (1572-1637)本·琼斯Every Man in His Humor《人人高兴》《人人扫兴》《黑假面具》The Alchemist《炼金术士》William Shakespeare (1564-1616)威廉·莎士比亚The tragedies Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥赛罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》The comedies Much Ado about Nothing《无事生非》A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之夜》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》Twelfth《第十二夜》The Tempest《暴风雨》History Plays RichardⅢ《查理三世》RichardⅡ《查理二世》HenryⅣ《亨利四世》HenryⅤ《亨利五世》Classical Themes Julius Caesar《凯撒大帝》Antony and Cleopatra《安东尼与克娄巴特拉》In 1611Holy Scriptures (know as King James Bible)《圣经》英国钦定本Francis Bacon (1561-1626)弗兰西斯·培根Essays 《论说文集》The Novum Organum 《新工具论》The New Atlantis1The 17th century Puritan Revolution John Milton (1608-74)约翰·米尔顿L’AllegoIl Penseroso 《沉思颂》Areopagitica 《论出版自由》Epic Paradise Lost《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》The poetic tragedy Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》The 18th century Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) Irish-bornthe age of skepticism（怀疑）乔纳森·斯威夫特the age of satire （讽刺）Gulliver’s Travels《格利佛游记》Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)丹尼尔·笛福Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》The Romantic Period William Wordsworththe first third of the 19th century 威廉·华兹华斯（英国诗人）(Napoleon’s war Lyrical Ballads《抒情诗集》（with Samuel Taylor Coleridge）And the Industrial Revolution) the long autobiographical poem 自传体长诗The Prelude《序曲》the shorter poems “Daffodils”黄水仙My Heart Leaps up When I BeholdI Wandered Lonely as a CloudSamuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治the autobiographicalBiographia Literaria《文学传记》The Rime of Ancient Mariner (the poem)The Romanic Movement George Gordon Byron（1788-1824）乔治·戈登·拜伦Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德尔游记》（有自传的部分）Don Juan《唐璜》John Keats约翰·济慈pictorial poetry 形象诗歌Ode on a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮》Ode to a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》Percy Bysshe Shelley波比·雪莱Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》To a Skylark 《至云雀》The Revolt of Islam 《伊斯兰的起义》（叙述抒情长诗）Defense of Poetry2The 19th Century Novel Marry Shelley (Shelley’s wife)玛丽·雪莱Frankenstein《弗兰肯斯坦》Sir Walter Scott （Scottish）瓦尔特·司各特Waverley 《威弗利》Rob Roy 《罗布·罗伊》Ivanhoe 《艾凡赫》The Heart of Midlothian 《密得洛西恩的监狱》Jane Austen简·奥斯丁Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Emma《艾玛》Bronte sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Ann)勃朗特姐妹（夏洛蒂、艾米丽、安妮）Jane Eyre (by Charlotte) 《简爱》Wuthering Heights (by Emily) 《呼啸山庄》Elizabeth Gaskell伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔North and South 《南北战争》Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》Great Expeatations《远大前程》Robert Louis Stevenson罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森Treasure Island《金银岛》Kidnapped《绑架》The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde《吉基尔医生和海德先生》Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代The Return of the Native《还乡记》Tess of the D’Urbervilles《苔丝》Jude the Obscure《无名的袭德》Far from the Madding Crowd《远离尘嚣》The Mayor of Casterbridge《卡斯特桥市长》320th Century LiteratureModernism 现代主义Joseph Conrad（1857-1924）约瑟夫·康拉德The Heart of Darkness《黑暗的中心》（1899）（中篇小说）长篇小说：The Nigger of the Narcissus (1897) 《水仙号上得黑家伙》Lord Jim (1900) 《吉姆爷》Nostromo (1904)The Secret Agent (1907) 《间谍》The Secret Sharer (1909)The Chance《机会》（1914）The Victory《胜利》（1914）Virginia Woolf （1882-1941）弗吉尼亚·吴尔夫（二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋）小说：Mrs. Dalloway (1925) 《戴洛维夫人》To the Lighthouse (1927) 《到灯塔去》Jakob’s Room《雅各的房间》Orlando (1928) 《奥兰多》随笔A Room of One’s Own（1929）《一间自己的房间》（评论专著）wrence（1889-1930）（提倡人性自由发展，反对工业文明对自然的破劳伦斯坏）Sons and Lovers 《儿子与情人》E.M.Forster（1879-1970）（人文主义在20世纪的反映，讽刺、批评福斯特英国社会，常用象征手法）A Passage to India《印度之行》A Room with a View（1908）《一间看得见风景的房间》Howard’s End（1910）《霍华德的庄园》小说伦理方面：Aspects of the Novel (1927) 《小说面面观》Postmodernism 后现代主义George Orwell(post-war Period) 乔治·奥威尔第二次世界大战之后1984 《1984》John Fowles（1926-2005）约翰·福尔斯The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1968)Traditional themes Graham Greene（1904-1991）（探讨了当今世界充满矛盾的政治和道德问题）格雷厄姆·格林以天主教为主题：The Heart of the Matter《事情的中心》The Power and the Glory《权利与荣耀》Brighton Rock《布莱顿硬糖》The End of the Affair《事后》政治或间谍题材：The Quiet American《沉默的美国人》The Third Man《第三者》Our Man in Havana《我们的人在哈瓦那》420世纪获诺贝尔文学奖的作家1907 Rudyard Kipling 拉迪亚德·吉卜林《丛林故事》1923 William Butler Yeats 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝（诗人）1925 George Bernard Shaw 乔治·萧伯纳英国剧作家，评论家《卖花女》《圣女贞德》1932 John Galsworthy 约翰·高尔斯华绥小说家、剧作家《福尔赛世家》1948 T.S. Eliot 托马斯·斯特尔那斯·艾略特现代派诗人和文艺评论家《四个四重奏》长诗《荒原》1950 Bertrand Russell 伯特兰·罗素《西方哲学史》1953 Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔1983 William Golding威廉·戈尔丁Lord of the Flies (1954) 《苍蝇王》The Spire (1964)1995 Seamus Heaney 谢默思·希尼（诗人）Hybridity Salman Rushdie (India)拉么迪《子夜的孩子们》《撒旦诗篇》《愤怒》2001 V.S.Naipaul (Trinidad) V.S.奈波尔5。

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。

the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。

"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。

gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。

the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.英格兰脊梁：指的是山脉的背脊。

lead ore: british lead ores have been worked since pre-roman times. it contains silver.铅矿：自前罗马时代开始，英国的铅矿就被开发了。

英语专八英美文学常识(English Literature)

英国文学(English Literature)一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftnessthe father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”;首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作)* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471) :Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

专八备考人文知识题—英国文学部分

第一阶段：中古英国文学（8世纪——14世纪）1. Which of the following does not belong to the works of Geoffrey Chaucer?A. The Canterbury TalesB. The Vision of Piers PlowmanC. Troilus and CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose2. “_____” brings the readers into a world that be longs to the Celtic legend of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.A. The Vision of Piers PlowmanB. The House of FameC. The Romaunt of the RoseD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight3. Which of the following is the translation work of Geoffrey Chaucer?A. The Canterbury TalesB. Troilus and CriseydeC. The Romaunt of the RoseD. The House of Fame4. In the 14th century, the most important writer is _____.A. LanglandB. WyclifC. GowerD. Chaucer5. In Anglo-Saxon period, “Beowulf” rep resented the _____ poetry.A. paganB. religiousC. romanticD. sentimental6. When we speak of the old English prose, we might think of _____, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning.A. William ShakespeareB. BeowulfC. Julius CaesarD. Venerable Bede7. _____ is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.A. Alfred the GreatB. Venerable BedeC. Adam BedeD. king Arthur8. _____ is the culmination of the Arthurian romance.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. The Story of BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales9. William Langland’s “_____” is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kublai KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur10. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the _____.A. FrenchB. LatinC. RomanceD. Science11. In which century were Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales written?A. FourteenthB. FifteenthC. SixteenthD. Seventeenth12. William Langland wrote for _____.A. the royal familyB. the courtC. the monksD. the common people13. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight focuses on _____.A. immediate social issuesB. the real life as well as people’s feelings and desiresC. a remote world belongs to the Celtic Legend of King Arthur and his knightsD. the imagination of the future world14. King Alfred’s Anglo Saxon Chronicle was written in _____ form.A. poeticB. dramaticC. proseD. none of the above【答案及题解】1. B The Vision of Piers Plowman 是作家威廉·兰格伦的作品。

专八人文知识之英国文学

专⼋⼈⽂知识之英国⽂学专⼋⼈⽂知识之英国⽂学引导语：下⾯是应届毕业⽣培训⽹整理⽽成的，关于专⼋考试⼈⽂知识的⽂章，谢谢您的阅读⼀、古英语时期的英国⽂学(499-1066) 1、贝奥武夫 Beowulf (公元⼋世纪)：是迄今为⽌发现的英国盎格鲁—撒克逊时期最古⽼、最长的⼀部较完整的⽂学作品，也是欧洲最早的⽅⾔史诗。

2、阿尔弗雷德⼤帝 Alfred the Great ：英国散⽂之⽗Father of English Prose ⼆、中古英语时期的英国⽂学 1、暗讽体allegory⾮常盛⾏：这是⼀种源于希腊⽂的修辞法,意为"换个⽅式的说法".它是⼀种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 2、Romance 开始上升到⼀定的⾼度 3、⾼⽂爵⼠和绿⾐骑⼠Sir Gawain and the Green Knight：反映了骑⼠制度chivalry的理想，是中世纪封建贵族⽂化的精髓。

4、威廉·兰格伦 Willian Langlaud ：著有《农夫⽪尔斯的幻象》Piers Plowman 5、乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer：坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) The Canterbury Tales 。

在英国⽂学史上，他是第⼀个使⽤⼗⾳节“双韵体”的诗⼈，这个诗体后来在他⾸创下，演化成了“英雄双韵体”，“英雄双韵体”为以后的英国诗⼈所⼴泛采⽤。

他也因此被誉为“英国诗歌之⽗”Father of English poetry。

6、托马斯.马洛礼 Sir Thomas Malory 《亚瑟王之死》The Death of King Arthur 三、⽂艺复兴时期的英国⽂学(伊丽莎⽩时代)(14-16世纪) 1、托马斯.莫尔 Sir Thomas More ：《乌托邦》Utopia 2、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯·怀特和 Henry Howard亨利·霍华德把⼗四⾏诗sonnet引⼊英国 3、菲利普·锡德尼 Philips Sidney：著有《诗辩》The defense of Poesie，这是伊丽莎⽩时代⽂学批评的最佳之作;《阿卡迪亚》Arcadia 描述⽥园⽣活，为现代长篇⼩说的先驱 4、斯宾塞 Edmund Spenser ：《仙后》The Faerie Queene。

英语专八英美文学作品及作者简介

英语专八英美文学作品及作者简介☆英国文学名家名著《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁·撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。

史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。

后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。

杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。

主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。

作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。

他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。

威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。

他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。

他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。

莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。

主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。

此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。

英国文学知识(专八人文知识必备)

英国文学知识一、中古英国文学1.Beowulf : the oldest poem in the English language and the most importantspecimen of Anglo-Saxon literature.2.Geoffrey Chaucer: he is acclaimed as the father of English Poetry and father ofEnglish fiction. His masterpiece。

The Canterbury TalesThe Romaunt of the RoseThe Legend of good WomenThe House of Fame二、文艺复兴时期时间：14世纪到17世纪中后期特点：Humanism became the keynote of English Renaissance著名作家：1.Thomas More: Utopia2.Edmund Spenser (a poet):The Faerie QueenThe Shepherd Calendar3.Christopher Marlowe( a poet and dramatist):Edward IIDr. FaustusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta4.William Shakespeare喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s DreamAs you like itMerchant of VeniceThe Twelfth night悲剧：Romeo and JulietThe Tempest四大悲剧：Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet主要历史剧：Henry IV, Henry V5.Francis BaconEssaysThe advancement of learning6.John DonneThe Elegies and SatiresThe Songs and Sonnets7.John Milton (poet)晚年三首长诗Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes三：新古典主义时期时间：17世纪中后期到18世纪特点：The neoclassicists held that all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic and restrained emotion and accuracy.著名作家：1.John Dryden: All for Love2.John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Holy WarThe life and Death of Mr. Badman3.Alexander Pope An Essay on CriticismAn Essay on ManThe Rape of the LockOdyssey4.Daniel Defoe(who is called the father of English and European novels)Robison CrusoeA journal of the Plague yearCaptain Singleton5.Jonathan SwiftGulliver’s TravelA Tale of a TubA Modest proposalThe Drapier’s letters6.Henry FieldingThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling7.Samuel Johnson (著名词汇家，第一部英语字典的编者)A Dictionary of the English LanguageThe Vanity of Human WishesLondon8.Richard Brinsley SheridanThe school for the scandalThe Rivals9.Thomas GrayElegy Written in a country churchyardOde on the spring四：浪漫主义时期时间：18世纪中期到19世纪中期特点：Romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty and is marked by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom. The Romanticism period is an age of Poetry and poets.主要作家1.William BlakeSongs of ExperienceSongs of InnocencePoetical SketchesThe marriage of heaven and hell2.William WordsworthLyrical BalladsTo the CuckooMy Heart leaps up3.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeKubla Khan 忽必烈汗三巨头1.George Gordon ByronCainDon JuanChilde Harold’s Pilgrimage2.Percy Bysshe ShelleyOde to the West WindOde to the SkylarkPrometheus unboundedThe Necessity of AtheismQueen Mab3.John KeatsOde to AutumnOde to a nightingaleOde on a Grecian um 希腊古瓷颂Isabella以下各位不太重要：1.Charles LambTales from ShakespeareEssays of Elia2.Mary ShelleyFrankenstein3.Robert SoutheyJoan of Arc 圣女贞德小说家Jane AustinEmmaSense and SensibilityPride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkPersuasion五、VICTORIA PERIOD时间：维多利亚1837年继位，1901年去世。

英专八级人文重要考点总结——英美文学

. 英语专业八级人文知识——英国文学Part one Old and Medieval English Literature1. Old English P oetry and “Beowulf ”(贝奥武浦)• “Beowulf ” → the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people →Alliteration( 头韵）national epic: 国家史诗（赞颂一个国家的丰功伟绩）2.Middle English Literature and the Canterbury T ales①The R omance ( describing the life and adventures of a noble hero) 浪漫传奇• King Arthur and His Knights o f the R ound T able 《亚瑟王与他的圆桌骑士》②Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟→ the “_ father of English poetry__________________”,→“The Canterbury T ales ” is Chaucer’s masterpiece (stories narrated by Pilgrims 朝圣者)→ he introduced rhymed couplet to English poetry , instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.• (Couplet: A stanza of two lines, usually rhyming. ) couplet: 对句，对联 stanza:诗的一节Renaissance (1485—1660) 文艺复兴→ The Background: the society was in its transition from the feudalism to capitalism.→ Revival or rebirth of classical arts, culture and philosophy after the dark ag e s of medieval → The key word for it is _ humanism _, emphasized secular concerns , express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie.→ Shakespeare, Spenser , and Marlowe are all famous literary figures in this periodThomas More (1478-1535)Utopia (socialism ) The definition of Utopia is "no place." Edmund Spenser(1552-1599) “A poet’s poet” The Faerie Queen 《仙后》Francis Bacon 培根 (1561-1626)1 “Adv an cemen t o f Learning ” 学术的推进:2 “New Instrument ” :新工具 the inductive method of reasoning3. “New Atlantics ” : an ideal society 新大西岛4. “Essays ” / 58 essays 论说文集A wide variety of subjects: love, truth, friendship, beauty, studies, riches…His style: clearness, brevity, force of expression☆ his essays is an important landmark in the development of English pr oseChristopher Marlowe (1564-1593)1.University wits, the greatest pioneer of English d rama2. blank verse V erse consisting of unrhymed lines, usually of iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格). 无韵诗，素体诗3. Doctor Faustus 《浮士德》William Shakespeare：the greatest English poet and dramatist①154sonnets（十四行诗）（商籁体）,②37plays,including14comedies,12tragedies,and11historical plays,③2long poems.☆But for such a great writer,we have very little definite knowledge about his life. Shakespeare’s T ragedies(1)Hamlet(2)Othello(3)King Lear(4)Macbeth Shakespeare’s Comedies(1)The Merchant o f V enice(2)A Mi d summer Night's Dream(3)As Y ou Like It《皆大欢喜》(4)T welfth nightThe Merchant of Venice to praise the friendship be tw e en Antonio and Bassanio,to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty,wit and loyalty,to expose the insatiable greed and brutality (Shylock)Hamlet hesitate betw een fact and fiction,language and action→T o be,or not to be-to live on in this world or to die;to suffer or to tak e action Soliloquy or monologue-fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters（独白）Poetry1.Narrative poetry①the epic②the r omance③popular ballads2.Lyric poetry①the elegy:a lyric poem lamenting the death of an individual.挽歌②the ode:a lyric poem of considerable length to sing in honor a person or a thing.It is seriousin subject and formal in style.颂歌3.Dramatic poetry:dialogue in the d ramaSonnetA14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.Rhyme:abab cdcd efef gg☆3quatrains(3four-line stanza)+1couplet(2lines)quatrains:四行诗The period of the English Bourgeois Revolution→Historical background:two revolutions:puritan revolution and glorious revolutionthe transition from the absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy→1.two literary schools of poets①the school of Metaphysical玄学②the school of Cavaliers.骑士2.the most important poet:John Milton Metaphysical Poetry（玄学派诗歌)It is the poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poe ts who wrote in a similar style.dislike traditional poem Scholar,Highly abstract or theoretical;John Milton约翰·弥尔顿the last great poemsParadise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙.→The two most essential things:Puritanism and his republicanism.Paradise Lost→the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.→the main idea of the poem is a revolt against God’s authority→Satan is the real her o of the poem.Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.John Bunyan(1628-1688)班扬Puritan author His best known work,The Pilgrim‘s Progress天路历程a religious allegory（宗教预言）18世纪英国文学Cultural Background1.Enlightenment Movemen t启蒙运动⑴A progressive intellectual movement⑵E nlighteners considered“Enlightenment”or“education”of the people to be their chief objective.⑶They believed in the power of reason(the age of reason)⑷two groups:①the moderate(Pope,Defoe,Addison)（温和派）→support the principles of the existing social order②the radical(Swift,Fielding,Sheridan)（激进派）→crisis→Sentimentalism（感伤主义）18世纪英国文学Complex:An age of pr ose(Addison’s essay\Swift’s satire\Fielding’s novel)1.Neo-classicism新古典A revival interest in old classic works,order,logic→(P ope\Addison\S teel:model themselves after Greek and Latin authors)2.Sentimentalism(Gray\Goldsmith\Richardson\Sterne:discontent with the social reality “Heart”)3.The beginning of modern novel→Major novelists:Defoe\Swift\Fielding\Richardson,4.Pre-romanticism in English poetry5.English Drama(Sheridan:the school for Scandal) Neo-classicism新古典A revival interest in old classic works,order,logic→(model themselves after Greek andLatin authors)1.Alexander P ope蒲伯:Heroic couplet英雄双韵体2.Joseph Addison艾迪生Sir Richard Steele斯梯尔:The Spectator旁观者3.Samuel Johnson:DictionaryAlexander P ope蒲柏Neo-classicism新古典Heroic couplet英雄双韵体Lines of ia mbic pentameter rhyme in pairs；P ope carried this to its last stage of perfection；An Essay on CriticismSentimentalism格列 n i discontent with the social realityThomas Gray 格雷 (poem) Laurence Sterne (novel)Thomas Gray (1716 -1771)Sentimentalism The graveyard school 墓园派Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》The beginning of modern novelSmollett: First important sea novelist Laurence Sterne 斯泰恩 : SentimentalismSamuel Richardson 理查生: Pamela, or Virtue R ewarded 《帕美拉》Clarissa Harlowe, or Virtue T riumphant 《克拉丽莎》1.Daniel Defoe 迪福 : R obinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记R obinson is the very prototype of the empire builder , the pioneer colonist.2.Jonathan Swift 斯威夫特： a master satirist Gulliver‘s Travels 佛游记3.Henry Fielding ：Father of English novel 、The founder of English realistic novel T om Jones 汤姆· 琼斯Romanticism in Britain The New Literary T rend (1798---1832)1.Dissatisfaction with the society (1) A revolt against it (2) An escape from it2. An introspection into one ’s inner world ( attention on spiritual and emotional life)3. The passions of man and the beauties of nature4. A period of poetical revival(1) The Romantic period is an age of poetry . (Blake , Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley , Keats)(2) The Romantic period is a great age of prose. Coleridge , Hazlitt, Lamb (3) This period is also a great age of novels.Walter ScottScott ’s historical novels combine a romantic atmospher e with a realistic depiction of historical b ack ground and common people ’s life. Scott mark ed the transition from romanticism to the period realism.William Blake 布莱克 Symbolism: 象征主义1.The earliest poems: Poetical sk etches 素描诗集2.Songs o f Innocence 天真之歌3.Songs o f experience 经验之歌_4.famous poem: The tiger\London\The Chimney SweeperRobert Burns (1759-1796)1.Written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjectsP oems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 苏格兰方言诗集2. Songs of love and friendship —a new spirit of romanticism“A Red, Red Rose ”一朵红红的玫瑰3 The rural theme / Beauties of nature“My Heart’s the Highlands ”我的心呀在高原1.Samuel T aylor Coleridge(1772-1834)柯勒律治P oetic and critic “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” 1798 《古舟子咏》“Kubla Khan” 1816 《忽必烈汗》•W ordsworth and Coleridge 's Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》William Wordsworth 威廉· 华兹华斯“Lucy ”---《露西组诗》(She Dwelt Among the Untr odden Ways ） ☆harmony be tw ee n humanity and nature2. “The Solitary Reaper ”---《孤寂的刈麦人》 ☆pathetic pictures of the labouring people3. “I wondered lonely as a cloud ”—《我孤独如云》☆ deep love for natureGeorge Gordon“Childe Harold ’s Pilgrimage ” 1812《恰罗德· 哈罗德游记》“Don Juan ” 1812-1823 masterpiece 《唐· 璜》 a great comic epic of the early 19th century . The “ Byronic hero ” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin• 名诗：She W alks in Beauty The Isles o f GreecePercy Bysshe Shelly 雪莱 (1792-1822)1. “Queen Mab ”:麦布女王 His first long poem expresses almost all his major political ideas.2. “Prometheus Unbound ”:《解放了的普罗米修斯》His masterpiece; a lyrical drama.3. Lyrics on nature and love: e.g. “Ode to the West Wind”; “To a Skylark”《西风/云雀颂》 ☆“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”John Keats(1795-1821) Not noble Died of TB Died at 25Ode on MelancholyOde on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂It reveals the contrast between the permanence o f art and the transience o f human passion. Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂It reveals the contrast between the happy world o f natural loveliness and human world o f agonyOde to Psyche Ode to Autumn 秋颂The Development of Victorian Literature→ Victorian Literature, as a pr oduct of its age, naturally had its quality of magnitude and diversity .It was many-sided and complex, and reflected both romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in people ’s life and thought.→the great period of the novel in Britain Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common peopleThe Genres of Victorian Literature1)The novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.Charles Dickens,William Makepeace Thackeray,Charlotte Bronte,Emily Bronte,Elizabeth Gaskell,George EliotRobert Browning勃朗宁(1812-1889)the most original poet,who improve and matur e the dramatic monologue戏剧独白Wrote an admiring letter to Elizabeth Barret(an invalid,a poet,six years elder)→famous r omance→secretely wedded,eloped to Italy in1846→Sonnets From the P ortuguese(love poems to her husband)葡萄牙十四行诗The ring and book(poetic drama)My last Duchess(dramatic monologue)→A poem in which a single character,addressing a silent listener,explains his actions at an important moment or crisis in his lifeHome Thoughts From AbroadAlfred T ennyson(1809-1892)P oet Laureate A real artistinvents dramatic monologueJane Austen简·奥斯丁1775-18171.Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺2.Sense and Sensibility理智与情感3.Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见4.Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园5.Emma爱玛6.P ersuasion劝导Austen’s writing style1.The founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle-class people.2.Vivid pictures of everyday life of simple country society,the small world she lived in3.Delicate description of the daily talks and doings of y oung people4.Quiet irony and analysis of characterCharles Dickens(1812-1870)→one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age→famous for his forceful social criticism→urb an poor(Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people)→Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works→A mingling of humor and p ath os悲伤The P osth umou s Papers o f the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传Oliver T wist奥利弗·退斯特/雾都孤儿American Notes美国札记The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店Dombey and Son董贝父子David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔Hard Times艰难时世A T ale o f T wo Cities双城记Great Expectation远大前程”·Thackeray (1811-63)萨克雷 Representative of critical realism→different from Dickens, Less interested in direct social criticism→ Showing people ’s vanity and their deluded efforts to achieve wealth and social statusThe book o f Snobs (1846-47)势利者集 V anity Fair (1847-48)名利场P endennis (1848)潘登尼斯 Henry Esmond (1852)亨利爱德芒德The Newcomes (1853)纽卡姆一家 The Virginians (1857)弗吉尼亚人V anity Fair 名利场★V anity Fair is Thackeray ’s masterpiece.★ The term "vanity fair" originates from the allegorical story The Pilgrim's Progress, by John Bunyan.★ The sub-title of the book, “A Novel Without a Hero (the characters are all flawed to a greater or lesser degree )★ The novel satirizes society in early 19th-century England (characterised by hypocrisy and opportunism).George Eliot (1819-1880)insightful psychological novels （心理小说）Writing about life in small rural towns,《亚当· 比德》 Adam Bede (1859) 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 The Mill on the Floss (1860)《织工马南》 Silas Marner (1861) 《米德尔玛契》Middlemarch (1871-1872) ----a portrait of life in a provincial town, is considered her masterpiece.As a woman of exceptional (特有的)intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of womenThe Bronte SistersCharlotte Bronte (1816-1855) Jane Eyre Shirley ProfessorEmily Bronte 爱米丽 · 勃郎特 1818-1848 Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄（Heathcliff ） Anne Bronte 安妮· 勃郎特 Agnes Grey 艾格尼斯格雷简· 爱 Jane Eyre (1847) Jane Eyre Mr. Rochester★ The center theme : women should have equal rights with man. （The position of woman in society ）★ The problem of the bourgeois system of education;★ The problem of orphan;Thomas HardyUnder the Greenwood T ree(1872) 绿茵下 Far fr om the Madding Crowd(1874) 远离尘嚣 The Return o f the Native(1878) 还乡 The Mayor o f Casterbridge(1886) 卡斯特桥市长 T ess of the D ’Urbervilles(1891) 德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure(1896) 无名的裘德His principal works are the Wessex novelsi.e.novels describing the characters and environment of his native countryside.He truthfully depicts the impoverishment and decay of small farmers威塞克斯小说His pessimistic philosophy seems to show that mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate,which brings misfortune to human life.English literature at the turn of the century→The turn of the century→Oscar Wilde(1854-1900),John Galsworthy George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950)Oscar Wilde(1854-1900),→Irish poet and dramatist→The literary school of decadence→apostle of Aestheticism “art for art’s sake”.→The Picture o f Dorian Gray(1891)道林·格雷的画像剧作→his comic masterpieces The Importance o f Being Earnest(1895)埃耐斯特的重要性. Lady Windermere's Fan(1892)温德米尔夫人的扇子An ideal Husband理想丈夫童话→"The Happy Prince."(his fairy tales especially)快乐王子John Galsworthy(1867-1933高尔斯华绥①The first trilogy“The Forsyte Saga”福尔塞世家:The Man o f Property(1906)有产业的人（It was a landmark in the development of Galsworthy’s art.It established his place in literature as a representative of bourgeois realism in the20th century English novel.）In Chancery(1920)骑虎难下T o let(1921)出租;②The second trilogy,“A Modern Comedy”:现代喜剧The White Monkey(1924)白猿The Silver Spoon(1926)银匙Swan Song(1928)天鹅曲Bernard ShawShaw was an essay-writer，language scholar and critic，but is best-remembered as a playwright.pr oblem plays.Widowers’Houses鳏夫的房产Mrs.W arren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业The Devil’s Disciple魔鬼的门徒Man and Superman人与超人Major Barbara巴巴拉少校Heartbroken House伤心之家The Apple Cart苹果车H.G.Wells（1866-1946）威尔斯•Wells is celebrated as a popularizer of science，but his best novels explore serious social and cultural themes，•科幻小说：The Time Machine时间机器E.M.Forster福斯特（1879-1970）A P assage to India印度之行Howards End霍华德庄园The Longest Journey最漫长的旅程The Room With A View可以远眺的房间Wher e Angels Fear to T read天使们忘而却步的地方,William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965)毛姆1915—Of Hu man Bandage 人性枷锁 1919 — The Moon and Sixpence 月亮与六便士 1930—Cakes and Ale 寻欢作乐 1944—The Razor ’s Edge 刀锋 1951—short storiesArnold Bennett ， 1867-1931Naturalism Old Wives' T ale 《老妇谭》Joseph Conrad 康拉德 (1857-1924)☆by birth a P ole ☆ His experience as a sailor made the sea his favorite theme.☆ Conrad's narratives may resemble adventure stories in incident and setting ， but his real concern is with issues of character and morality .Heart o f Darkness 黑暗的心灵 Lord Jim 吉姆老爷An Outcast o f progress 文明的前哨 The Chance 机缘The Nostromo 诺斯特罗莫 The secret Age n t 间谍“The Nigger o f the Narcissus ”(1899) is a magnificent and symbolic story of a ship in a storm. 水仙号上的黑鬼Modernism(1)A reaction against realism(2)Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.(3)The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships b e tw e en man and nature,man and society, man and man, and man and himself .(4) The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective th an on the objective.They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. In their writings, th e past, the present and the future are mingled toge ther and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.James Joyce (1882-1941)乔伊斯 Irish novelistSecond only to Shak espeare in his mastery of the English language• definitely established “ stream of consciousness ” as a valid way of writing fiction.• 1914—Dubliners 短篇小说集（都柏林人）short stories about the hard life of poor peoplein Dublin• 1916– A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man 青年艺术家的画像, a novel which islargely autobiographical, about a boy growing up in Dublin.• 1922– Ulysses 尤利西斯, a novel about three main characters in Dublin, told entirelythr oug h “stream of consciousness ”• 1939— Finnegan ’s Wake 芬尼根的觉醒, a long , extremely difficult book, written inmany languages, with many layers of symbolism, full of puns, linguistic gymnastics anddeep complicated philosophy• ☆stream-of -consciousness, or interior -monologue: a literary device that renders all theth ough ts ， feelings and sensations of a character with scrupulous psychological realism.• ☆ epiphany Joyce employ ed symbols to create what he called an “epiphany ，” the; revelation of an emotional or personal truthVirginia Woolf (1882-1941) Novelist and critic Leader of the “Bloomsbury Group ” 1922 — J acob ’ s R oom 1925 Mrs. Dalloway 达洛威夫人 1927 – T o the Lighthouse 到灯塔去1929—A R oom of O ne ’s Own 1931—The W aves 浪 1937—The Y ears 1939—Between the Acts 幕间散文集D wrence(1885-1930) 劳伦斯 O ne of the most original and controversial writers of the early 20th century• 1910---- The white P eacock 白孔雀 1913—Sons and Lovers 儿子与情人 • 1915—The Rainbow 虹 1921—Women In Love 恋爱中的妇女 •1923—Kangaroo 1926—The Plumed Serpent •1928—Lady Chatterly ’s Lover 查泰莱夫人的情人P oem of 20th centuryWilliam Butler Y eats 叶芝Irish writer who is considered among the greatest poe ts of the 20th century .• The Winding Stair 盘旋的楼梯T.S.Eliot 艾略特诗集：Prufrock and Other Observation 普鲁夫洛克及其他The W aste Land 荒原•William Golding (1911-1993)戈尔丁Winner of the 1983 Nobel Prize Novelist, essayist, poetThe Lord of the Flies （1954） The Inheritors 继承人T ed Hughs 特德· 休斯 1930-The Hawk in the Rain 雨中鹰（poem ）Richard Lessing 多丽丝· 莱辛 1919-The Four -gated City 四门城 The Golden Notebook 金色笔记蒸英语专业八级人文知识——美国文学Introduction to American literature1.The Colonial P eriod2.The Romantic P eriod (the first half of 19th century)3.The Age of Realism and Naturalism4.The P eriod ar ound WWIChapter One The Colonial PeriodI. The Colonial P eriod (the early 17th and 18th century)1. Puritanism: idealism and opportunism2. Benjamin Franklin 本杰明· 富兰克林 :→ “The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin”自传→ Poor Richard ’ s Almanac 穷查理历书 (containing witty maxims for achieving wealth as a result of hard work and thrift)3.Philip Freneau (poem)菲利普· 弗伦诺 The Rising Glory of America 蒸日上的美洲American PuritanismPuritans → The early settlers☆ founding fathers of the America nation☆T o purify the rituals and lessen the authority of bishops → escaped to the new world, create a new paradise→ advocate highly religious and moral principles.→ American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.Chapter Two American Romanticism and New England LiteratureRepresentative figures of the time:Pre-romanticism: W ashington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper 库珀Post-romanticism:Novelists: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman MelvilleP oets: Henry W adesworth Longfellow, Edgar Allan P oe, Walt Whitman Emily DickinsonEssayists: Ralph W aldo Emerson, Henry David ThoreauAmerican RomanticismThe romantic period stretches from the end of the eighteenth century thr oug h the outbreak of the Civil W ar (1790-1865).1. Background(1) Political b ack ground and economic developmentT erritorial Expansion Industrial Growth The Civil WarThe “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism. →optimism and hope among the people There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider.(2)foreign influence–Romantic movement in European countriesAmerican Romanticism☆Romanticism was a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism.☆For romantics,the feelings,intuitions and emotions were more important than reason and common sense.☆They stressed th e close relationship be tw ee n man and nature;☆They emphasized individualism and affirmed the inner life of the self.Washington Irving(1783-1859)华盛顿·欧文早期浪漫主义小说家A History of New Y ork纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记→①The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家→②Rip V an WinkleJames Fenimore Cooper1789-1851詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀早期浪漫主义小说家“Leatherstocking T ales”皮裹腿故事集→a series of five novels,that is☆the Pioneers拓荒者(I823)☆the Last o f the Mohicans(1826)最后的莫希干人☆The Prairie(1827)大草原☆The Pathfinder(1840)探路者☆The Deerslayer(1841)杀鹿者→adventure into the wilderness of the West2.The summit of Romanticism---New England T ranscendentalism超验主义1.Emerson/“Nature”2.Henry David Thoreau/“Walden”3.Whitman/“Leaves of Grass”4.Hawthorn/“The Scarlet Letter”5.Herman Meville\“Moby Dick”Post-romanticism(New England T ranscendentalism)• 1.Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)爱默生•→The leading New England T ranscendentalist•→“Nature”论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者• 2.Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862)•→T ranscendentalist\Emerson’s friend→W alden《瓦尔登湖》The major features of T ranscendentalism1.The T ranscendentalists placed emphasis on spirit,or the Oversoul,as the most importantthing in the universe.2.The T ranscendentalists stressed the importance of the individual.T o them the individualwas the most important element of society.3.The T ranscendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit orGod.Nature was,to them,not purely matter.It was alive,filled with God’s overwhelming presence.·The Development of T ranscendentalism• ☆ Nature (in 1836) by Ralph W aldo Emerson• Nature ’s voice pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of NewEngland T ranscendentalism, the summit of American Romanticism.• T ranscendentalist Club• ☆ T ranscendentalism was indebted to the dual heritage of American Puritanism, thereligious idealism of their Puritan past.T ranscendentalists ’ emphasis on the individualwas directly traceable to the Puritan principle of self -culture and self -improvement. Thusthere is good reason to state that New England T ranscendentalism was Romanticism onthe Puritan soil.• ☆ New England T ranscendentalism was important to American literature. It inspired awhole new generation of famous authors such as Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman and Dickinson.Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)☆ Novels:Scarlet Letter 《红字》 Hester Prynne; The House of Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》;• The Blithedale R omance 《福谷传奇》; The Marble Faun 《大理石神像》☆Short story collections:• T wice-T old T ales 《故事新编》Moses from an Old Manse 《古屋青苔》Herman Melville 赫尔曼· 梅尔维尔 1819-1891• Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比· 迪克/白鲸Edgar Allan P oe 埃德加· 爱伦· 坡 1809-1849→The first professional writer in AmericaThe first writer of detective story in the world• -----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头• The Fall o f the House o f Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌(novel);• → The Raven 乌鸦(poem) T amerlane and Other P oems 帖木儿和其他诗;• T o Hellen 致海伦（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）Walt Whitman(1819-1892)沃尔特· 惠特曼 •••••O ne of the great innovators in American P oetry Free verse Growing up in a working-class back ground, having little education Leaves o f Grass 草叶集 → Song o f Myself ”自我之歌 reveals a world of equality , without rank and hierarchy .poets •①Emily Dickinson(1830-1886) • The P oems o f Emily Dickinson 埃米莉迪金森诗集(love, death,nature,friendship, andimmortality)·”• ② Henry W adsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃兹沃思朗费罗 1807-1882 →A Psalm of Life 生命礼赞（short poem ）→ The Song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗•③; William Cullen Bryant 1794-1878 柯伦· 布莱恩特 •→ T o a Waterfowl 致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特· 比彻· 斯托 1811-1896• Uncle T om ’s Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 ☆“一个女人和一本书引发的战争 ”—南北战争Chapter 3 The Age of Realism and Naturalism• The three strong advocates of 19th century American realismWilliam Dean Howells (critic)豪威尔斯 Henry James 威廉· 詹姆斯 Mark Twain 马克· 吐温Henry James 1842-1910→ James ’novel ’s “international situation” are set against a b ack gr ound be tw een America and Europe→James contribution to literary criticism is immense.• T o him, “art without life is a poor affair ”. “the aim of the novel is to represent life ”.→ His realism was called as Psychological realism .• He was esp. an observer of the mind rather than a recorder of the times.• The American Daisy Miller The Portrait o f a Lady 贵妇人画像• The Wings o f the Dove 鸽翼 The Ambassadors 大使Mark Twain 马克· 吐温1. “The Adventures o f Tom Sawyer 汤姆· 索耶历险记2. “The Adventures o f Huckleberry Finn ”----his masterpiece/ 哈克贝利· 费恩历险记“The Gilded Age ” 镀金时代3. F amous for his localism, colloquial style, humor and bitter attacksAmerican Naturalism : pessimistic realism1. Naturalism cam e from France.2. Reasons: civil war , social upheavals ☆Darwin ’s theory of evolution : the survival of the fittest→ Men were conditioned\ d omi nat ed by social and economic forces, by heredity and environment.3. Features of naturalist writing:A. naturalist writers turned literary creation into a mechanical record of society, in a way of attempting to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness. They never made comments on the characters and their behaviors.B. The characters were o ften figures of low social and economic classesC.They stressed men had no free will,their lives were controlled by heredity and environment.4.American Naturalist writers:S tephen Crane,Frank Norris,Jack London,Henry Adams,Theodore Dreiser.Stephen Crane(1871-1900)斯蒂芬·克莱恩•Maggie:A Girl o f the S treets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）•The R ed Badge o f Courage红色英勇勋章•The Black Riders(his first book of poems)Theodore Dreiser(1871-1945)德莱塞•Sister Carrie1900☆A feather in wind,she is totally at the mercy of forces she cannot comprehend and control.She does not seem to possess what may be called a moral fibre in her.•Jennie Gerhardt1911T rilogy of Desire欲望三部曲Financer金融家1912,The Titan巨人1914,The Stoic斯多葛1915•An American T ragedy美国的悲剧1925（被称为美国最伟大的小说）Frank Norris(1870-1902)弗兰克·诺里斯The Octopus1901章鱼Jack London(1876-1916)杰克·伦敦Martin Eden马丁·伊登（masterwork）The Call o f the Wild野性的呼唤The Sea-W olf海狼White Fang白獠牙O Henry(1862---1910)欧·享利☆famous for short stories1“The Gift o f Magi”2“The Cop and the Anthem”3.F amous for his fascinating plot,h umor ous touch,interesting puns,localism,and unexpected endings.Chapter Four The Period around WWIAmerican literature in the1920s and1930s1.P oets:T.S.Eliot:“the W aste Land”R obert Frost2.Novelists:Fitzgerald/“the Great Gatsby”Hemingway/“A Farewell to Arms”Faulkner/ wrote about the SouthThe Lost Generation迷惘的一代→a disillusionment about the value of war→disgusted by th e new frivolous,greedy way of life in AmericaWhen the First World W ar brok e out,many idealistic y oung Americans volunteered to tak e part in the war and test their own bravery.They discovered that modern warfare was not。

专八英美文化大纲.doc

专八英美文化大纲。

英国文学史纲要年刊和中世纪英国文学1 .贝奥武夫“,古不列颠的史诗2 .浪漫3 .民谣4 .英国诗歌的创始人杰弗雷乔叟，《中国日报》坎特伯雷故事集》英国文艺复兴(16-17世纪上半叶)1 .文艺复兴的特征1)对古典文学的强烈好奇心；2)对人类活动的浓厚兴趣（人文主义)2 .托马斯莫尔,英国最伟大的人文主义者，《中国日报》乌托邦”)3 .这一时期的诗人:(十四行诗,一种精确的诗歌形式,由托马斯怀亚特爵士和亨利霍华德从意大利引入英国)①菲利普锡德尼爵士(1554-86)，爱情十四行诗3360”阿斯特罗菲尔和斯特拉“②沃特罗利(1552-1618)，”圭亚那的发现“③埃德蒙斯宾塞(1552-99)，”牧羊人日历"(12本书中的一首田园诗)；《仙后】(他献给伊丽莎白女王的杰作).他是第一位将现代英语作为其诗歌作品的自然音乐的大师4 .约翰李利(1554-1606)，温柔读者的浪漫主义作家，《中国日报》幼发拉底河”)4 .散文作家弗朗西斯培根(1561-1626年)，《随笔“( 58)篇).它涵盖了各种各样的主题,如爱情、真理、友谊、父母和孩子、美丽、学习、财富、青春和年龄、花园、死亡和许多其他的主题。

他们以精确、清晰、简洁和有力赢得了大众的喜爱 5 .戏剧（英国文艺复兴的最高荣耀)①大学里的3360莱拉，-省略部分-奥尔特的礼物；赫尔佐格③诺曼梅勒——裸者与死者④约瑟夫海勒——第22集⑤法学博士。

塞林格——麦田里的守望者⑥艾伦金斯堡——哈尔（诗)⑦杰克凯鲁亚克——在路上⑧纳博科夫——洛丽塔(9)黑人文学——20世纪20年代哈莱姆文艺复兴①兰斯顿休斯（哈莱姆奖得主)疲倦的布鲁斯②理查德赖特——土生土长的儿子③拉尔夫埃利森——隐形人④詹姆斯鲍德温——去山上讲吧；下一次的火⑤亚历克斯哈利——鲁特⑥托尼莫里森—1)所罗门之歌2)最蓝的眼睛3)心爱的⑦爱丽丝沃克——紫色(10)其他民族作家①玛克辛洪金斯顿（汤亭亭)——”女人的烦恼:幽灵少女回忆录“；《中国人“;《三藏和尚:他的假书“”②弗兰克金（赵健秀)-”贡嘎丁公路“；唐老鸭③谭恩美（谭恩美)——”喜福会“；"凯特肯上帝的妻子“；《一百种秘密感官“;接骨师的女儿“④任碧莲（任碧莲)——”典型的美国人"《应许之地的蒙娜“”⑤大卫黄士伟（黄哲伦)———蝴蝶君】(戏剧)(11)美国剧院①尤金奥尼尔(1888-1953)——地平线之外；漫长的夜之旅；毛猿；琼斯皇帝；冰人来了；(1936年诺贝尔奖获得者,被称为美国莎士比亚)②克利福德奥德茨(1906-1963)——等待左撇子③田纳西威廉姆斯(1911-1983)——玻璃动物园；一辆名叫欲望号的电车；热铁皮屋顶上的猫；④阿瑟米勒(1915-)——推销员之死；⑤爱德华阿尔比(1928-)—谁害怕弗吉尼亚伍尔夫？消息教育资料。

专八 TEM8 英国文学知识

英国文学知识一．古英语时期（Old English Literature 公元499—1066年）英国文学开山之作：头韵体诗歌（alliteration）《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）开德蒙（Caedmon）：《赞美诗》（Anthem）琴涅武甫（Cynewulf）：《十字架之梦》（Dream of the Rood）比德（Bede）：《英吉利人教会史》（Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum）阿尔弗雷德大帝（King Alfred）：《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》（Anglo-Saxon Chronicle），被誉为“英国散文之父”（Father of English Prose）二．中古英语时期（Medieval English Literature 公元1066年—15世纪）头韵体诗歌：《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight）英国名谣：《罗宾汉名谣集》（The Robin Hood Ballads）威廉·兰格伦（William Langland）：《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》（The V ision Concerning piers the Plowman）杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）：英国中世纪最伟大的诗人，享有“英国诗歌之父”的美誉（Father of English Poetry）。

代表作：八音节（octosyllabic）英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）诗歌《坎特布雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）。

托马斯·马洛礼（Sir Thomas Malory）：英国15世纪优秀的散文家，代表作为《亚瑟王之死》（Le Morte d’Arthur）三．文艺复兴时期（Renaissance 15世纪末—17世纪）托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）：伟大的人文主义者，代表作：《乌托邦》（Utopia），《国王爱德华五世悲戚的一生》（The painful Life of Edwar d Ⅴ）.托马斯·魏厄特（Thomas Wyatt）和亨利·霍华德（Henry Howard）的十四行诗（Sonnet）。