高级英语第二册第六课课后题答案

Four procedures


3） It attends single-mindedly to system; 4） It propounds (proposes) general laws accounting for the underlying organizing patterns of phenomena.

C.B. Hardison, Jr.
A well-known for his profound insights into the change in modern culture brought about by modern science and technology. His provocative views are stimulating and informative.
Characteristics
1. 2.
limit the use of technical terms
examples--- to make the writing more
vivid and appealing to the readers
Characteristics
1.
figures of speech-- to make the sentences figurative so that the readers can easily understand and associate them with what they are familiar with
Structuralism

In the field of linguistics， the structuralist work of Ferdinand de Saussure long served as model and inspiration.
Characteristic of structuralist thinking,

Analyzing the social or collective dimension of language rather than individual speech, he pioneered and promoted study of grammar rather than usage,
The book
In the 19th century, science presented nature as group of objects set comfortably and solidly in he middle distance before the eyes of the beholders. In the work of D’Arcy Thompson, published around the turn of the century, nature has disappeared. It has become a set of geometric and mathematical relations that lie under the surface of the visible.
Scientific writing

Generally this technical writing tends to be very formal. Yet the characteristics of any kind of language style is not absolute. In order to meet the needs of the work for popular science, many scientific workers try to adopt a more popular style. Then there comes a popular scientific and technical writing style.
In this key chapter
4. The disappearance of history is a form of liberation and this feeling of liberation is often expressed through play. The playfulness of science has produced game theory and virtual particles, in art it has produced the paintings of Picasso and Joan Miro and so on.

Saussure's linguistic inquiry was centered not on speech itself but on the underlying rules and conventions enabling language to operate.
Characteristic

seldom use figures of speech, exclamation the use of present tense the use of passive voice
Scientific wFra Baidu bibliotekiting
3. sentences: a) complete no contractions (dep't -- department) b) long 1) compound sentences 2) appositions 3) parenthesis 4) logical connectors such as : however; but; also; yet; finally; while; as ; not only; just as ...so; etc.
2.
noun pre-modifiers

game theory; human growth genes; theme park; museum villages;world car; etc
Structuralism

Structuralism is a mode of thinking
and a method of analysis practiced
Time allocation
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Writing style (15 min.)
Introduction of the text (20min.) Detailed study of the text (100 min.) Structure analysis (15 min.) Language appreciation (15 min.)
in 20th-century social sciences and
humanities.
自然科学和人文科学
Structuralism

Methodologically, it analyzes largescale systems by examining the relations and functions of the smallest constituent elements of such systems, which range from human languages and cultural practices to folktales and literary texts.
Teaching Contents



1. Scientific writing 2. Structuralism and the main idea of the text. 3. Detailed study of the text 4. Organizational pattern 5. Language features 6. Exercises
rules rather than expressions, models rather than data, langue语言 (language) rather than parole 言 语(speech).


Four procedures
Levi-Strauss specified four procedures basic to structuralism. 1） Structural analysis examines unconscious infrastructures 基层结 构of cultural phenomena; 2） It regards the elements of infrastructures as “relational,” not as independent entities实体
Lesson Six

Disappearing through the Skylight
------- By Oshborne Bennet Hardison Jr.
Aims



To know the features of scientific writing. To analyse the structure of the text. To understand the deeper meaning of the text. To appreciate the language features
Detailed study of the text

Disappearing Through the Skylight is not only the title of this chapter but also the title of the book.
The book has a sub-title, “Culture and Technology in the Twentieth Century”
The book
As for the central theme of this book, the writer says , “This book is about the ways culture has changed in the past century, changing the identities of all those born into it. Its metaphor for the effect of change on culture is “disappearance”.
Exercises (15 min)
Scientific writing 1. technical terms

(English for science and technology)
cylinder block; carburettor; thermodynamics; etc.
2. objective: relying on facts, not involve emotion,
In this key chapter
1.
2.
The writer puts forward the central theme of “disappearance”– nature disappears, history disappears and even the solid banks disappears. He puts forward the idea of the universalizing tendency of science and technology
In this key chapter
3. The modern man is no longer a unique individual, the product of a special environment and culture. The homogeneous world he now lives in universalizes him. He becomes a cosmopolitan, a citizen of the world. In this key chapter