(教师版)高一英语定语从句(介词加关系代词引导定从)
新高考英语二轮复习专题四定语从句教师版
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定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类,其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词,不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。
因此在学习定语从句时,务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。
2021年新高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查,并且仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容:1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词;2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词;3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别;4.介词+关系代词的用法;5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断;6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
一、关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talkingwith your mother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关whom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I amworking.The boy(whom) she loved died in thewar.命题趋势考点清单专题四××定语从句二、that与which,who,whom的用法区别1. that和which的用法区别在定语从句中,关系代词which和that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。
但在下列情况下值得注意:(1)只能用that而不能用which的情形:①当先行词为:all,little,few,much,none及some-,any-,no-,every-与thing所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。
如:There is nothing that will stop us making progress.①当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
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“介词+ which/whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前,即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。
例如:The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人) ,即:介词+which/whom。
(1)The man to whomyou spoke is a teacher.(2)The city in which she lives is far away.(3)The littlegirl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意:当介词放在关系代词的前面时,用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。
2.在限制性定语从句中,当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时,可用that/which(指物);that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略,特别是在口语中。
如:(1) The man (who/whom /that)you spoketo is a teacher.(2)Thecity(which/that)shelives inis far away.注:通常介词放在定语从句中动词后,也可以放在关系代词前面,但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后,如: look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listento等。
This is the penthat / which you are looking for.The patient whom she is looking after is her father.The words that /which we shouldpay attention to are written on the blackboard.There arefifty patients who/whom/that we musttakegood care of.练习:Are these sentences right?(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.(2) The man(who/that) you talked withis my friend.ﻫ(3) Theman with who/that you talked is my friend. ﻫﻫ(4) The plane in w hich we flew to Canada is very comfortable.ﻫ(5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable.二、关系副词when,where,why可用“介词+which”来代替。
介词关系代词引导的定语从句课件
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语义选择
介词的选择也要根据句子的语义 来决定,如“I met her at the
party where my friend introduced us.”中的“at”表
示在聚会上。
关系代词的选择
01
代词指代
关系代词用来指代前面的名词或代词,如“I like the book which he
recommended to me.”中的“which”指代“the book”。
05
介词关系代词引导的定语从句的 练习与巩固
单项练习
01
02
03
填空练习
给出句子,让学生填写适 当的介词关系代词,以完 善定语从句。
替换练习
让学生将句子中的某个部 分替换为介词关系代词引 导的定语从句,以增强理 解和运用能力。
翻译练习
提供中文句子,让学生翻 译成英文,特别注意介词 关系代词的使用。
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介词关系代词引导的定语从句的 实例分析
简单实例分析
总结词
简单实例有助于理解基本结构
详细描述
通过简单的介词关系代词引导的定语从句,如“The book on the shelf is mine.”,可以帮助学生理解定语从句的基本构成和功能。这个句子中的“on the shelf”是一个定语从句,用于描述“book”的特征。
介词关系代词引导的定语从句课件
contents
目录
• 介词关系代词引导的定语从句的定义 • 介词关系代词引导的定语从句的用法 • 介词关系代词引导的定语从句的实例分
析 • 介词关系代词引导的定语从句与其他从
句的比较 • 介词关系代词引导的定语从句的练习与
巩固
01
介词关系代词引导的定语从句的 定义
(教师用书)高考英语二轮复习 核心考点十一 定语从句(含解析)
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核心考点十一定语从句——使先行词更准确,【考向聚焦】定语从句是高考的热点,主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用,特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。
主要考点有:①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句;②关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况);③“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句;④as引导的非限制性定语从句。
1.(2013·北京,27)Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where解析考查定语从句。
定语从句中不缺少主干成分,故使用关系副词,先行词指地点,故选where。
答案 D2.(2013·福建,27)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.A.whose B.that C.who D.which解析考查定语从句。
其中those作为先行词,定语从句中缺少lives的定语,故用whose。
答案 A3.(2013·湖南,21)Happiness and success often come to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whom B.who C.what D.which解析考查定语从句。
先行词为those,指人,定语从句中缺少主语,故使用关系代词who。
答案 B4.(2013·江苏,22)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.where B.which C.what D.when解析考查定语从句。
高中英语引导定语从句-介词+关系代词结构归纳
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引导定语从句的“ 介词+ 关系代词” 结构在英语中,由“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性和非限制性定语从句十分常见。
但是,不少人在阅读和翻译时对此结构往往感到困惑。
以下从五个方面对此结构进行探讨。
一.“介词+ 关系代词” 结构中的关系代词用来引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有who,whom,whose,which,that等。
而这些关系代词能在定语从句中作宾语的只有whom,which和that三个。
这三个关系代词也能在从句中作介词的宾语,但是,that作介词宾语时,介词不可放在that之前,只能放在从句中原来的位置上,因此,“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词实际上只有whom和which两个。
例如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.马克思不大有把握的两方面是语法和某些习惯语。
He had a bad cold, because of which he didn't attend the meeting.他得了重感冒,因此而未能参加会议。
There are 30 students in our class,of whom 25 are league members.我们班里有学生30人,其中25人是团员。
The person to whom I spoke just now is the postmaster.我刚才跟他讲话的那个人是邮政局局长。
有时,我们可以见到“介词+where"引导定语从句的例子。
例如:His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees.他的头很快从二楼的一个窗口外显露出来,从那儿,除了树木他什么也看不见。
(完整版)介词加关系代词定语从句.doc
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“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词 +关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和 whom 。
如先行词是物,引导词用which ;如先行词是人,则引导词用whom 。
如:This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考点 1 简单介词 +关系代词知识归纳:用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which ;介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定;或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定;或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定,并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开,介词仍然放在动词之后。
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词,其动词或介词搭配,构成动词短语。
例如:Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn t a single ’person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)(2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词,其形容词与介词搭配,构成形容词短语。
例如:The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)(3)根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词,其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词,它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
高一必修二unit5定语从句介词+关系代词
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语法突破目标:复习定语从句,介词+关系代词高一英语组2013-12-20 “介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种,多用于正式文体中。
这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which,whom,whose 。
它们既可引导限定性定语从句,又可引导非限定性定语从句。
同学们在学习这种定语从句时要注意以下几种情况:一、注意介词的选取“介词” + “关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词的选取应根据如下几点:1 .根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。
如:• Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?刚才和你握手的人是谁?• The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. 马克思不大有把握的两个方面是语法和某些习惯用语。
[典型考例1 ]In the dark street there wasn't a single person_____ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C.from whom D.to whom析:答案为D 。
介词to 和定语从句中的turn 构成固定搭配turn to sb. for help。
意为“向某人求助”。
2 .根据定语从句意思的需要,此时不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。
如:• He had a bad cold,because of which he didn't attend the meeting.他患了重感冒,因此未能参加会议。
The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition. 这辆车的速度要根据路面状况而定。
[典型考例2 ]In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_______ many people have got home.A. whose timeB.thatC. on whichD. by which析:答案为D 。
高中英语语法:介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
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高中英语语法“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前,即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。
例如:The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人) ,即:介词+which/whom。
(1)The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.(2)The city in which she lives is far away.(3)The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意:当介词放在关系代词的前面时,用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。
2.在限制性定语从句中,当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时,可用that/which(指物);that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略,特别是在口语中。
如:(1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.(2)The city(which/that)she lives in is far away.注:通常介词放在定语从句中动词后,也可以放在关系代词前面,但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后,如:look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。
高考英语语法全解-介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(附精选例题+习题和解析)
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语法由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom,which,whose在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that,who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
例如:He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.=He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人,从他那里能学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school (which/that) he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
2. 介词+关系代词的常见结构(1) 介词+which/whom例如:This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运,我们带了一张地图,如果没有的话,我们就会迷路了。
(完整版)介词加关系代词定语从句
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(完整版)介词加关系代词定语从句“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和whom。
如先行词是物,引导词用which;如先行词是人,则引导词用whom。
如:This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考点1 简单介词+关系代词知识归纳:用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which;介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定;或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定;或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定,并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开,介词仍然放在动词之后。
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词,其动词或介词搭配,构成动词短语。
例如:Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb) (2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词,其形容词与介词搭配,构成形容词短语。
例如:The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)(3)根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词,其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词,它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
高中英语复习北师大版《 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句》 课件 (共19张PPT)
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SECTION relative pronouns?
(如何选择正确的关系代词?)
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1
Do you know a cartoon called Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf ?
These are the goats and wolves playing on the playground.
教学重难点
1. “介词+关系代词”定语从句中的介词的选择。
2. 让学生正确使用“介词+关系代词”定语从句。
导 入 课 题
This is the school in which I have worked for nine years. (1)关系代词 介词+关系代词 (2)介词
?
How to choose correct
其他注意事项
The Mayor Goat is their teacher from whom they learned a lot.
= The Mayor Goat is their teacher (whom/who/that) they learned a lot from.
That is their school in which they live and study every day. = That is their school(which/that) they live and study in every day.
whom
which
?
How to choose correct
SECTION prepositions?
(如何选择正确的介词?)
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
专题03 重点语法:介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(必修Unit6-Unit9)高一英语下(讲解版)
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专题03重点语法讲练“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句语法图解观察句子1.(教材P53)A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that...2.(教材P53)Later,she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.3.(教材P53)The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.4.(教材P53)They did not have enough staff,and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.5.(教材P55)In1969,Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team whose goal was to find a cure for malaria...我的领悟1.例句1和5为关系代词引导的定语从句。
2.例句3为关系副词引导的定语从句。
3.例句2和4为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
语法考点精讲一、关系代词的确定关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,从句常由“介词+which/whom”引导。
若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指物时只能用which,关系代词指人时只能用whom;如果关系代词作定语,也可用whose。
◆The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.我脚下站着的梯子开始滑动。
(教师版)高一英语--定语从句(介词加关系代词引导定从)
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定语从句精讲精练——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句第一部分精讲——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识点1】直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom,构成介词+which(指物);介词+whom(指人)两种结构。
【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair he is sitting now is made of wood.【知识点2】直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略,但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时,可省。
【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.【知识点3】关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为:介词+which结构。
Unit1限制性定语从句语法讲义人教版高一英语教师版213
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必修第二册Unit 1 限制性定语从句语法讲义20242025学年人教版高一英语英语24字整体教学整体掌握教师版213◆课本原句鉴别语法◆思维导图整体破解◆语法精讲规律探析◆基础巩固练透语法◆能力提升突破考点1. There es a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.2. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that(which) were an important part of Egypt ’s cultural heritage.3. After listening to the scientists who(that) had studied the problem, and citizens who(that) lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.4. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.5. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that(which) did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.I.限制性定语从句的定义起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作限制性定语从句。
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
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介词加关系代词引导的定语从句介词加关系代词引导的定语从句,是英语中一种用来修饰名词或代词的从句结构。
它由一个介词和一个关系代词组成,常常出现在句子中作为修饰成分,起到限定或说明的作用。
本文将从介词和关系代词的角度入手,详细讨论介词加关系代词引导的定语从句的构成、用法及注意事项。
一、构成介词加关系代词引导的定语从句由介词和关系代词两部分组成。
常用的介词包括of、in、on、from、to、with等,而关系代词则包括that、which、who、whom和whose等。
二、用法及例句解析1. 介词+which引导的定语从句介词+which引导的定语从句是最常见的一种结构,用于修饰物体。
其中最常用的介词是in、on、at、under、with等。
例句1:The book on which I was working last night is about history. (介词on+which修饰book)例句2:I saw a stray cat under the table, which looked hungry. (介词under+which修饰cat)2. 介词+whom引导的定语从句介词+whom引导的定语从句用于修饰人,常用介词有to、for、with、of等。
例句1:The person to whom I lent my umbrella hasn't returned it yet. (介词to+whom修饰person)例句2:He is a trustworthy friend, with whom I can share my secrets. (介词with+whom修饰friend)3. 介词+whose引导的定语从句介词+whose引导的定语从句用于表示所属关系,常用介词有of、in、on等。
例句1:The girl whose father is a doctor wants to be a nurse. (介词whose+father修饰girl)例句2:I admire the professor, in whose class I learned a lot. (介词in+whose修饰professor)三、注意事项1. 关系代词that与which的区别关系代词that与which都可以用于引导定语从句。
定语从句(关系副词+介词+which whom)教师版
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定语从句(教师版)关系副词when, where, why介词+whom/which引导的定语从句一、基本概念1. 定语从句除可用关系代词引导外,还可用关系副词when_, _where__与why来引导。
2. 它们的区别是:when用于指时间_,相当于in/ at/ on/ during which, where用于指地点,相当于in/ at/ from which, why用于指原因, 相当于for which。
3. 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词作状_语,不可省略,有时可以用介词+which 代替。
二、基本用法1. 关系副词when关系副词和where的先行词是表示时间(如the day(s), the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词,而关系副词why的先行词通常只是for the reason(s)。
另外,when 和where 可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why _则只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
★用适当的关系副词填空①I will remember the day when I left my hometown forever. (作时间状语=on which)②This is the place where he works. (作地点_状语= in which_)③He told me the reason why he was late again. (作原因状语= for which )2. 注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。
到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(可编辑修改word版)
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“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句讲解首先,我们要判断关系代词,如果先行词是人,关系代词应用whom 或whose;如果先行词是物,关系代词为which。
其次,选择正确的介词。
介词的选择可归纳以下四点:A.根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配。
如:1.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobsthey are being trained. (2005 江西卷)A.in that B.for that C.in which D.for which解析:正确答案为D。
先行词是jobs,从句部分还原即“they are being trained for the jobs.”be trained for 是固定短语,意思是“为…而培训”。
2.A merican women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently. (2004 上海卷)A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom解析:正确答案为D。
talk with somebody 是固定搭配。
B.由先行词来决定。
如:3.M any people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes people were eaten by the tiger. (2005 广东卷)A.in which B. by which C. which D. that解析:正确答案为A。
先行词scene 搭配的介词是in ,in the scenes “在这些情景中”。
4.T he place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross- river traffic is the heaviest. (2005 江苏卷)A. which; whereB. at which; whichC. at which; whereD. which; in which解析:正确答案为C。
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
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介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(一)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式,这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
关系代词前该选用什么样的介词,要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
一.介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。
( to a degree )The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。
( tell sb. about sb./ sth. ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。
( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认,并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。
( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁? ( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月,东南亚的部分地区发生洪水,人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。
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定语从句精讲精练——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句第一部分精讲——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识点1】直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom,构成介词+which(指物);介词+whom(指人)两种结构。
【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair he is sitting now is made of wood.【知识点2】直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略,但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时,可省。
【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.【知识点3】关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为:介词+which结构。
【例】This is the house where I lived two years ago.=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.【例】Do you remember the day when you joined our club?=Do you remember the day _______you joined our club?【例】I don’t know the reason why he said so.=I don’t know the reason ________ he said so.【知识点4】有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开,一般还是放在动语之后,不提前:【例】He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.【例】The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.【知识点5】注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句,是高考考查热点。
【例】They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen. 【例】Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, sit three students.【知识点6】不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词结构;这也是高考常考点。
其中用到的不定代词有some, any, none, both, all,many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。
【例】There are 40 students in our class, most of whom(=of whom most)like English. 【例】These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which(= )was read to me by my father【例】She has two sons, ___________(=of whom neither)is a teacher.【例】She has many books, none of which( ) is interesting.【知识点7】关系代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+ which / whom 或of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构;of 表所属关系。
【例】I live in a room whose windows are all broken.=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.【例】This is my teacher __________ handwriting is excellent.= This is my teacher _____________________ is excellent.= This is my teacher ____________________ is excellent.【知识点8】由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,当主从句主语一致时,定语从句可缩略为:介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。
【例】I have a small room in which I live in.=I have a small room in which to live.=I have a small room to live in.【例】He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help.=He has a good friend______________________.=He has a good friend to turn to for help.【知识点9】介词后不一定只能接关系代词,可能会接关系副词,主要取决于介词及句子意思。
【例】He used to live in London, from where he came .【例】He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.【知识点10】如何确定关系代词前的介词:将定语从句还原:构成两个搭配,即从句谓语部分与介词的适当搭配;介词与先行词的正确搭配。
【例】The picture ______which he paid $100 was once owned by a king.【析】定语从句谓语是pay some money;先行词为the picture;还原句子即:He paid $100 ____ the picture.在本句中填上合适介词;构成短语:pay some money for something。
【例】This is Tom Sawyer, ______ whom his teacher is proud.【析】还原:His teacher is proud ___ Tom Sawyer.构成短语:be proud of。
【例】Can you think of a situation __ __ which this word can be used?【例】I’m grateful to him for that advice, __ __ which I owed all my success.第二部分精练——介词+关系词专项练习选择1.On his 10th birthday Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway,_____he believes that he can go to the wild.A. whichB. from whatC. through whichD. that2.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________ people were eaten by the tiger.A. thatB. by whichC. whichD. in which3. I am grateful to him for that advice, _______ I owe all my success.A. whichB. thatC. to whichD. by which4.The farmers use wood to build a house ______to store grains all the year around.A. with whichB. to whichC. whichD. in which5.—Can you tell me where Peter lives?—Over there. The two- storey house, _____there is a garden.A. near itB. from whichC. in front of itD. in front of which6.—Why does she always ask you for help?—There is no one else_______ ,is there?A. who to turn toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn7.Is there a gas station around_____ _ I can get some petrol?A. whichB. whatC. whereD. that8. The biggest hobby in American, the one Americans spend most time, energy and money, is gardening.A. thatB. whichC. on whichD. /9. Newton invented a new kind of telescope mirrors instead of lenses.A. which usedB. in which he usedC. that he usedD. in that he used10. The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. thatB. whichC. during thatD. in which11.In fact the Swede did not understand the questions were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which12. Antarctic we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. whichB. thatC. about whichD. where13. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking14. The train she was travelling was late.A. whichB. whereC. on whichD. in which15. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _________ up to half will be from overseas.A) in which B) for whom C) with which D) of whom16. The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed.A. in whichB. worn byC. wearing whichD. that17. Can you lend me the book the other day?A. which you talkedB. that you talkedC. about that you talkedD. you talked about18. There are two small rooms in the house, served as a kitchen.A. the smaller of whichB. the small of whichC. the smaller of themD. smallest of which19. Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village ______ he belongedA. to whichB. whichC. to whereD. at which20. I remained in the office until 5:30 ____ all the others had left.A. at which B when C. by which time D. that1. The ship, ____ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.2. The family _________ I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.3. He has written a book, the name_________ I have completely forgotten.4. It is a family of 8 children, all ____ are studying music.5. Can you suggest a time _____ it will be convenient to meet?6. The town, _________ they came, was in the north of the province.7. Here are some blouses, none ____ suits me.8. The fur coat ______ the lady was dressed was very expensive.9. The emperor, ________ the palace was built, was very cruel.10. Little Peter had a dream ______ he was taken to the amusement park.11. He spent a wonderful summer, _____ he joined us in the camping trip.12. The money, ____ he bought the bike, was given by his grandfather.13. The buses, most ________ were already full, left the school one after another.14. Ann White, ______ we received the invitation, lives next door to us.15. The story, ________ the film is based, is a true one.1.The speed____ which you drive your car mustn’t too high.2.In the park there are many flowers, the color_____ which is bright and nice.3.The little girl is reading a book,_____ which there are many pictures.4.What were the things_______ which he was not too sure?5.They held a meeting,____ which the hospital director made a speech.6.The book,_____ which he paid 6 Yuan, is worth reading.7.Is this the man____ whose house the police found the lost colored TV?8.The villagers dug along tunnel________ which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.9.Wu Dong,_____ whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.10.The stories about Long March,_____ which this is one example, are well written.1. on which2. in which3. of which4. of whom5. at which6.from which 7. of which 8. in which 9. for whom 10. in which 11. during which 12. with which 13. of which 14. from whom 15.on which1. at2.of 3 in 4 about 5. at 6. for 7. in 8 through 9. with 10 of。