常用政治术语翻译

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政治类专有名词翻译

政治类专有名词翻译

一、政治类:1. 日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous2. 快速发展develop rapidly3. 隆重集会gather ceremoniously4. 热爱和平love peace5. 追求进步pursue progress6. 履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations7. 回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle8. 展望伟大征程look into the great journey9. 充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength10. 必胜be bound to win11. 主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action12. 和平共处coexist peacefully13. 对内开放和对外开放open up both externally and internally14. 经历两个不同时期experience two different periods15. 战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties16. 赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another17. 完全意识到be fully aware that18. 迈出重要的一步make an important step19. 采取各种措施adopt various measures20. 得出结论,告一段落draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion21. 实现民族独立realize national independence22. 追求真理seek the truth23. 建立社会主义制度establish a socialist system24. 根除(防止,消除)腐败root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption25. 响应号召respond to the call26. 进入新时期enter a new period27. 实行新政策practice new policies28. 展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality29. 增强综合国力enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and和国际竟争力international competitiveness30. 进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world31. 解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing32. 吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations33. 与日俱增increase every day34. 实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes35. 必将实现be bound to come true36. 锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army37. 建立巩固的国防build a strong national defense38. 进行和谈hold peace talks39. 修改法律amend the laws40. 在...中起(至关)play a major的(crucial, an important ) role in重要作用41. 对...做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major )contributions to42. 遵循规则follow the principles43. 把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with prac tice …44. 把...作为指导take… as the guide45. 缓和紧张状况ease the tension46. 高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner47. 解决新问题resolve new problems48. 观察当今世界observe the present-day world49. 开拓前进open up new ways forward50. 增强凝聚力enhance the rally power51. 结束暴力,开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talks52. 进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment53. 开始生效go into effect / enter into force54. 就...接受妥协accept a compromise on55. 接受...的采访be interviewed by56. 把……看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society57. 把……捐给慈善机构donate …to charities58. 维护世界和平maintain world peace59. 摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness60. 实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity61. 反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism62. 宣布。

常用政治术语翻译

常用政治术语翻译

马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought新民主主义革命///new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度///socialist system社会变革///social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策///the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党///Marxist political Party党的第一(第二、第三)代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first(second\\third)generation人民民主专政///the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系///national economic system综合国力///aggregate national strength国内生产总值///the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策///an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设,不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力,永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求,代表中国先进文化的前进方向,代表中国最广大人民的根本利益,是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,是我们党始终站在时代前列,保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。

2023政治术语名词及解释

2023政治术语名词及解释

2023政治术语名词及解释政治术语是政治科学研究领域的基础,它们用于描述政治体系、政治思想、政治行为以及政治制度等。

下面是一些2023年可能涉及的政治术语及其解释。

一、国家与政府机构1. 国家(State):一个区域内由政治权威统治的社会组织,具有主权和独立性。

2. 政府(Government):国家最高权力机关,负责管理国家事务、制定政策和法律。

3. 民主(Democracy):一种政治制度,政权由人民通过选举方式参与政府决策的过程。

4. 人民代表大会制度(People's Representative System):一种通过选举产生代表,代表人民的政府形式。

5. 专制主义(Autocracy):一种政治制度,政权集中在单一个体或团体手中,缺乏政治竞争和公众参与。

6. 多党制(Multi-party System):在国家内允许存在多个政党,政府通过选举和协商产生。

7. 单一党制(One-party System):只允许一个政党存在和执政。

8. 反对党(Opposition Party):在多党制中,不在执政地位的政党。

9. 立法机构(Legislature):负责制定法律和监督政府行为的机构,如国会、议会等。

10. 最高法院(Supreme Court):国家的最高司法机构,负责审理最终上诉案件和宪法解释。

二、政治理论和思想11. 自由主义(Liberalism):强调个人自由和平等权利,主张少量政府干预。

12. 社会主义(Socialism):追求社会公平、财富分配公正的理论和实践。

13. 保守主义(Conservatism):强调传统价值、权威和社会稳定。

14. 议会制(Parliamentary System):一种政治制度,行政权力由立法机构选举的政府担任。

15. 总统制(Presidential System):一种政治制度,行政权力由直接选举的总统担任。

16. 社会契约(Social Contract):政治理论,指民众和政府之间存在一种合约关系,人民放弃某些自由权利,以换取国家秩序和安全。

常见的政治术语翻译

常见的政治术语翻译

常见的政治术语翻译政治在国家和社会的运作中起着非常重要的作用,因此政治术语也是我们在学习政治时需要掌握的重要内容。

政治术语翻译是政治学和语言学相互结合、相互协作的综合性学科,是研究将外语政治术语翻译成汉语的原则、方法和技巧的学科。

下面将列举一些常见的政治术语及其翻译。

1. Democracy(民主)民主是一个非常常见的词汇,作为一个政治术语,其译名应该准确且通俗易懂。

民主的基本含义是“人民治理”,它是一种政治权利的平等和民主决策的原则,通常是通过选举代表和公民参与政治活动实现的。

因此,汉语对民主的翻译应该准确地表达出这些含义。

2. Equality(平等)平等是与民主密切相关的政治术语,它不仅是社会公正的核心价值观,也是现代民主政治的基础原则之一。

在翻译平等的时候,要注意其词汇的语境,例如,在平等的选举中,应该翻译为“公正选举”,而在平等的分配资源中,应该翻译为“公平分配”。

3. Liberty(自由)自由是一个广泛存在于政治、哲学和文化领域的概念,其涵义可以是政治自由、表达自由、身体自由等等。

在翻译自由的时候,需要注意其上下文的含义,并寻找可以最好地表达这个概念的词汇,例如,政治自由可以翻译为“言论自由”、“示威自由”等等。

4. Authoritarianism(威权主义)威权主义是一种政治制度,它通常是由一个强大的领袖或小团体掌控政治权力的政府形式。

在翻译威权主义的时候,需要注意与其对应的“民主”相区别,准确地表达出其在政治权力分配中的权威特点。

5. Diplomacy(外交)外交是国家和国家之间以及其他国际组织之间的政治关系。

解释外交的含义需要考虑到其历史、文化、制度等方面的含义,因此在翻译外交的时候,需要注意到外交任务不仅仅局限在政治谈判、边界问题等类似领土争端等问题上,还包括国际安全等其他领域。

6. Nationalism(民族主义)民族主义是一种政治理念,它认为民族(或其它类似团体,如宗教或文化群体)自身利益高于其他任何利益,因此应该维护自身的优势和权益。

中国政治术语的英文表达

中国政治术语的英文表达

中国政治术语的英文表达以下是一些常见的中国政治术语的英文表达:1.人民民主专政:People’s democratic dictatorship2.党的领导:Leadership of the Party3.人民代表大会制度:People’s Congress system4.民主集中制:Democratic centralism5.国家主席:President of the People’s Republic of China6.总书记:General Secretary7.全国人民代表大会:National People’s Congress (NPC)8.党中央:Central Committee of the Communist Party9.五年计划:Five-Year Plan10.党纪政纪:Party discipline11.政治局:Politburo12.中央政府:Central Government13.公有制经济:Public ownership economy14.非公有制经济:Non-public ownership economy15.社会主义市场经济:Socialist market economy16.两岸关系:Cross-Strait relations17.单一制:Unitary system18.区域自治:Regional autonomy19.多党合作:Multi-party cooperation20.全国人民代表大会常务委员会:Standing Committee of theNational People’s Congress请注意,对于一些特定的政治术语,可能存在不同的翻译版本。

以上提供的英文表达是常见的翻译方式,但具体表达可能会因上下文和语境而有所不同。

常见政治术语翻译共24页

常见政治术语翻译共24页
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常见政治术语翻译
1、纪律是管理关系的形式。——阿法 纳西耶 夫 2、改革如果不讲纪律,就难以成功。
3、道德行为训练,不是通过语言影响 ,而是 让儿童 练习良 好道德 行为, 克服懒 惰、轻 率、不 守纪律 、颓废 等不良 行为。 4、学校没有纪律便如磨房里没有水。 ——夸 美纽斯
5、教导儿童服从真理、服从集体,养 成儿童 自觉的 纪律性 ,这是 儿童道 德教育 最重要 的部分 。—— 陈鹤琴
6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。——斯宾诺莎 7、自知之明是最难得的知识。——西班牙 8、勇气通往天堂,怯懦通往地狱。——塞内加 9、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考的方法。——赫尔普斯 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。——笛卡儿

常见政治术语翻译

常见政治术语翻译
语(terms)



改革开放:reform and opening up 国务院:state council 政府工作报告:report on the work of government 全国政协:CPPCC(Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference) 全国人大:NPC (National People’s Congress) 中国特色社会主义:socialism with Chinese characteristics 宏观调控: macro-control 科学发展观: scientific outlook on development


全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、 社会建设以及生态文明建设,加快全面建设小康社 会进程,努力实现经济社会又好又快发展。

We need to make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development; pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects; and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.


处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结 构和管理好通胀预期的关系。
We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.

常用政治术语的英文翻译

常用政治术语的英文翻译

马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一(第二、第三)代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设,不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力,永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求,代表中国先进文化的前进方向,代表中国最广大人民的根本利益,是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,是我们党始终站在时代前列,保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。

政治常用专业术语50个

政治常用专业术语50个

政治常用专业术语50个1.政治体制- Political system2.政治制度- Political institution3.国家- State4.执政党- Ruling party5.总统- President6.国会- Congress7.立法- Legislation8.司法- Judiciary9.行政- Administration10.政党- Political party11.政治参与- Political participation12.公民权利- Civil rights13.政治稳定- Political stability14.政治危机- Political crisis15.政治改革- Political reform16.政治发展- Political development17.政治文化- Political culture18.政治经济学- Political economy19.民主- Democracy20.选举- Election21.政治权利- Political power22.政治议程- Political agenda23.政治决策- Political decision-making24.政变- Coup d'etat25.政治权力分配- Political power sharing26.领袖- Leader27.政治意识形态- Political ideology28.国家主权- National sovereignty29.政治哲学- Political philosophy30.政治学说- Political theory31.统治合法性- Legitimacy of rule32.政治参与度- Political participation rate33.政治费用- Political cost34.政治核心- Political core35.群众运动- Mass movement36.政治宣传- Political propaganda37.政治病态- Political pathology38.选民- Electorate39.政治秩序- Political order40.政治法制- Political and legal system41.公共管理- Public administration42.政治对立- Political opposition43.政治秘书- Political secretary44.政治干部- Political cadre45.政治秘密- Political secret46.政治教育- Political education47.政治氛围- Political atmosphere48.政治协商- Political consultation49.政治领域- Political field50.政治权力垄断- Political power monopoly。

政治术语 英文翻译

政治术语 英文翻译

aide 助手,副官alderman 市长助理,市府参事,地方官assemblyman 众议员attorney 律师candidate 候选人columnist 专栏作家commentator 评论员congressman 国会议员councilor 委员delegate 代表governor 省长,州长incumbent 任职者mayor 市长pollster 民意测验专家president 总统representative 代表secretary of state 国务秘书selectman 行政委员senator 参议员sheriff 州长speaker 发言人vice-president 副总统voter 选民ambassador 大使envoy 特使courier 信使emissary 使者consul 领事statesman 政治家politician 政治家dictator 独裁者government 政府cabinet 内阁monocracy 独裁fascism 法西斯主义Diet 国会house 议院,国会parliament 议会congress 国会senate 参议院floor 议席ministry 部委,部council 理事会presidium 主席团committee 委员会bureau 局,处administration 行政,管理diplomatic 外交protocol 外交礼节democracy 民主right 权利titular 有权personality 人格privilege 特权prerogative 特权patent 专利proprietary 专利Nazi 纳粹oligarchy 寡头政治的regime 政权制度institution 制度system 系统socio-社会的society 社会commune 公社policy 政策politics 政治congressional Record 国会记录conservative 保守党Democrat 民主党election 选举hearing 听证会inauguration 就职典礼Independent 独立investigation 调查legislation 立法liberal 自由主义majority 多数authority 权威power 权力hegemony 霸权influence 权势despot 专制autocracy 独裁minority 少数Pentagon 五角大楼polling place 投票站primary 预选会Republican 共和党State House 州政府White House 白宫capitol 国会大厦international 国际kingdom 王国country 国家nation 民族,国家state 国家,州principality 公国republic 共和国Sino- 中国superpower 超级大国empire 帝国imperial 帝国的colony 殖民地-shire 郡capital 首都city 城市municipal 市政urban 城市metropolis 大城市town 城镇burg 城镇downtown 市中心uptown 非商业区environs 城郊suburb 郊区outskirt 郊区countryside 农村province 省prefecture 州,专区county 县rural 乡村rustic 乡村village 村庄executive 行政judicial 司法legislative 立法federal 联邦local 本地national 国家campaign 竞选debate 辩论elect 选举enact 制定filibuster 阻碍议案通过govern 治理lobby 游说议员pass 通过preside 主持propose 建议re-elect 重选veto 否决Vice Chairman 副主席General Secretary 总书记Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Personnel 人事部memorandum/aide-memoire 备忘录statement 声明n.名词mutual recognition 互相承认de jure recognition 法律承认de facto recognition 事实上承认identification card 身份证Ministry of Justice 司法部Propaganda Department 宣传部People's organization 人民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Consulate-general 总领事馆consulate 领事馆Liaison office 联络处Military attache's office 武官处certificate of appointment 委任证书exequatur 许可证书proceed to take up one's post 赴任express regret 表示遗憾object to 提出异议take up a matter with 向…交涉lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议verbal note 普通照会circular note 通知照会normalization 正常化present one's credentials 递交国书。

政治学术语大全

政治学术语大全

政治学术语大全政治学术语涵盖了广泛的概念,以下是一些常见的政治学术语:1.权力分立(Separation of Powers): 指政府权力被划分为执行、立法和司法三个独立的分支,以防止滥用权力。

2.社会契约(Social Contract): 政治哲学中的概念,指个体通过合意建立政府,以换取社会秩序和保护权利。

3.民主(Democracy): 一种政治制度,通过选举和广泛参与,让公民参与政府决策。

4.专制(Authoritarianism): 一种政治制度,政权高度集中,公民权利和政治自由受到限制。

5.政治意识形态(Political Ideology): 一套关于社会、政府和经济组织的信仰和价值观。

6.政治制度(Political System): 一组相互关联的政治结构和过程,用于制定和执行政策。

7.选举(Election): 公民通过投票选出政府官员的过程。

8.政治参与(Political Participation): 公民参与政治决策和政治活动的行为。

9.政治文化(Political Culture): 一组共同的政治信仰和价值观,影响着公民对政治的态度。

10.国家主权(National Sovereignty): 国家在其领土内拥有独立权威的原则。

11.国际关系(International Relations): 研究国家之间相互关系、国际组织和全球事务的学科领域。

12.冷战(Cold War): 指二战后苏联和西方国家之间的政治、经济和军事对抗时期。

13.议会制度(Parliamentary System): 政府的执行部门由立法机构选出,通常有总理和内阁。

14.总统制度(Presidential System): 政府的执行部门由总统和行政机构领导,与立法机构相互独立。

15.政治经济学(Political Economy): 研究政治和经济之间相互关系的学科领域。

16.政治社会学(Political Sociology): 研究社会结构和政治制度之间关系的学科领域。

政治常用专业术语50个

政治常用专业术语50个

政治常用专业术语50个1.政治体系(political system)2.政府(government)3.政权(political power)4.政治制度(political institution)5.政治权力(political authority)6.政治意识形态(political ideology)7.政治参与(political participation)8.政治发展(political development)9.政治变革(political reform)10.政治决策(political decision-making)11.政治过程(political process)12.政治管理(political governance)13.政治责任(political accountability)14.政治稳定(political stability)15.政治体制(political regime)16.政治制衡(political balance)17.政治参与者(political actors)18.政治支持(political support)19.政治文化(political culture)20.政治意识(political consciousness)21.政治权威(political authority)22.政治平衡(political equilibrium)23.政治权衡(political calculus)24.政治理论(political theory)25.政治实践(political practice)26.政治经济学(political economy)27.政治生态学(political ecology)28.政治心理学(political psychology)29.政治伦理学(political ethics)30.政治社会学(political sociology)31.政治地理学(political geography)32.政治历史学(political history)33.政治教育学(political education)34.政治哲学(political philosophy)35.政治社会化(political socialization)36.政治行为(political behavior)37.政治信仰(political belief)38.政治权力分配(political power distribution)39.政治改革(political revolution)40.政治运动(political movement)41.政治纲领(political agenda)42.政治议程(political discourse)43.政治竞争(political competition)44.政治权力争夺(political power struggle)45.政治权力交替(political power transition)46.政治权力转移(political power transfer)47.政治合法性(political legitimacy)48.政治参与权(political participation rights)49.政治权利(political rights)50.政治平等(political equality)政治是一个涉及人类社会组织和管理的重要领域,它涉及领导权、管理权、决策权等方面的内容。

30个政治术语的翻译

30个政治术语的翻译

30个政治术语的翻译---------------------------------------1、“四个全面”战略布局Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy【释义】全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。

The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to: 1) finish building a moderately prosperous society; 2) deepen reform; 3) advance the law-based governance of China; 4) strengthen Party self-discipline.2、“两个一百年”奋斗目标Two Centenary Goals【释义】在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会,在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。

The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its ce ntenary in 2049.3、三期叠加simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies4、双目标dual objectives【例】保持中高速增长和迈向中高端水平双目标。

常见政治术语翻译ppt课件

常见政治术语翻译ppt课件
12
❖ 要继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币 政策,保持政策的连续性和稳定性,根据新形 势新情况不断提高政策的针对性和灵活性,把 握好政策实施的力度、节奏和重点。
❖ We need to continue to implement a proactive
fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary
❖ 互利共赢的开放战略: an open strategy of mutual
benefit
❖ 持久和平:lasting/sustained/durable peace
❖ 社会保障体系:social security system
❖ 解放思想、实事求是: emancipate our minds and
10
❖ 以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导, 深入贯彻落实科学发展观,
❖ We will take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide; thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development
policy. We need to maintain continuity and
stability in our policies while constantly
making them better-targeted and more flexible
as circumstances and conditions change, and
18
❖ 中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国 政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共 同利益结合起来,坚持奉行防御性的国防政 策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略 和安全战略,旨在维护国家安全统一,确保 实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永 远是维护世界和平as China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China’s national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country’s development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.

100个政治名词解释

100个政治名词解释

100个政治名词解释1. 政治(politics):指对权力的行使和社会权利分配的过程。

2. 政治体制(political system):指一个国家或地区的政治组织结构和基本原则。

3. 政治权力(political power):指控制政府、决定政策并影响社会的实际或潜在的权力。

4. 政治意识形态(political ideology):指一套固定的政治信仰和价值观,通常用于指导政策和行动。

5. 政治党派(political party):指一个组织或团体,旨在推动一个特定的政治议程和社会变革。

6. 政府(government):指管理一个地区或国家的机构和机构。

7. 国家(nation-state):指拥有自己的领土、政府和主权力量的地区。

8. 国际关系(international relations):指国家之间的政治、经济、文化、社会和安全交流和合作。

9. 国际法(international law):指国家之间制定和遵守的法律和规则体系。

10. 政治经济学(political economy):指政治和经济之间相互作用的研究领域。

11. 政治哲学(political philosophy):指探究政治领域问题的哲学思考,包括自由、正义、权利、民主等概念。

12. 政治文化(political culture):指一个社会的政治信仰、价值观、思维方式和对政治事务的态度。

13. 民主(democracy):指一种政治制度,其基于人民直接或间接地参与决策。

14. 共和制(republic):指一种政治制度,其主要由选举产生的代表掌握政治权力。

15. 独裁(dictatorship):指一种政治制度,其由一人或一小部分人独占政治权力。

16. 政治边界(political boundary):指国家或地区之间的行政和政治分割线。

17. 民族主义(nationalism):指一群人对自己民族的认同和忠诚感。

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1.坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展Pursue development according to scientific principles, maintain harmony during development and ensure peaceful development 2.全面落实科学发展观Fully apply (原为implement) the Scientific Outlook on Development3.推动经济社会发展切实转入科学发展轨道To truly put economic and social development on a scientific track4.科学发展Develop in a scientific manner5.走科学发展道路Follow a scientific path of development 6.科学民主决策Make decisions scientifically and democratically7.中央The national leadership/the central Party and government authorities(原为:the central authorities)8.今年提出GDP增长8%左右的指标The target set for GDP growth this year is around 8%.9.文化体育事业进一步繁荣Continued progress was made in cultural and sports programs.10.关心支持残疾人事业的发展We will continue to show concern for and support the development of programs for physically and mentally challenged persons. 11.我们要发展老龄事业We will develop old age programs.12.经济运行中的关键问题Major problems in economic performance 13.解决了三千万农村人口安全用水问题We made safe drinking water available to thirty million rural residents. (原为resolved the problem of safe drinking water to …) 14.制定措施解决农民工问题Formulate policies to address difficulties rural migrant workers face in cities (原为to solve the problem of rural migrant workers in cities)15.要抓紧解决下岗职工就业问题We need to work quickly to resolve the issue of providing reemployment for laid-off workers.16.国有企业历史遗留问题The long-standing problems of SOEs17.解决群众关心的看病难问题Solve the difficulty (原为problem) of obtaining medical service, an issue of public concern18.解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题Solve the most practical problems that are of most concern to the people and most directly affect their interests19.我们必须以对国家和人民高度负责任的精神采取有力措施解决这些问题We must maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the country and people and take forceful measures (原为forceful steps) to resolve these problems.20.必须把解决”三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之中We must put resolution of issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers at the very top of our work agenda.21.着力解决民生问题Every effort was made to improve the people’s well-being.22.解决拖欠工程款和农民工资问题Resolve the problem of default on construction costs payment and unpaid wages for rural migrant workers.23. 政府自身建设存在一些问题Government efforts to enhance performance still have room for improvement.24. 存在这些问题根本在于制度不健全,监管不到位The root cause of the problems lies in institutional deficiencies and poor oversight.25. 基层民主政治建设加强Continued progress was made in democracy at the village and community level.26. 领导干部要深入基层了解群众疾苦Leading officials should visit communities (不用grassroots) to better understand (原为find about) the problems troubling the people.27. 加强基层民主Expand democracy at village and community level28. 经济结构矛盾突出There are still serious structural problems in the economy.29. 银行资金流动性过剩问题突出The problem of excessive liquidity(原为:liquidity in banks) is serious.30. 国际收支不平衡矛盾比较突出Imbalance in international payments is fairly serious.31. 着力解决外贸顺差过大的矛盾Take measures to reduce the excessively large trade surplus (原为to mitigate the problem of excessively large trade surplus)32. 从各方面采取措施缓解国际收支不平衡的矛盾Adopt various measures (原为in various areas)to ease imbalance in international payments 33. 引发投资增长过快的因素仍然存在The factors causing overheated investment remain.34. 法定支出Legally mandated expenditure35. 政策性企业破产Policy mandated bankruptcy of enterprises 36. 不少支出增长是刚性的Many increases in expenditure are fixed/mandatory.37. 积极稳妥推进企业政策性破产工作Actively yet prudently proceed with work related to policy mandated bankruptcy of enterprises38. 外贸顺差较大The foreign trade surplus has become large (原为too large, quite large).39. 中央财政2003-2006年超收较多The central government revenue exceeded targets by a fair amount for the years 2003 through 2006.40. 当前财政形势较好The current state of public finance is fairly good.41. 重点领域和关键环节改革取得新进展Further progress was made in reform in key areas and crucial links.42. 加强财政税收对经济运行的调节We improved the role of fiscal and tax measures in regulating economic activity. 43. 严肃查处土地使用违法行为Took stern actions against (原为severely dealt with) violations of laws and regulations concerning land use44. 固定资产投资增幅回落The growth rate in fixed assets investment dropped (原为declined).45. 避免经济增长由偏快转为过热We worked hard to prevent rapid economic growth from becoming overheated growth. 46. 这些措施进一步调动了农民种粮的积极性These steps gave farmers more incentive toproduce grain.47. 加快经济结构调整Accelerate adjustment of the economic structure/system (原为accelerate economic restructuring)48. 对产能过剩行业进行重组To carry out restructuring of industries with surplus production capacity49. 淘汰煤炭行业落后产能Close down backward production facilities in the coal industry (原为eliminate backward production capacity in the coal industry)50. 关系国民经济全局的重大工程Key projects vital to China’s economy were completed. (原为key projects bearing on the national economy were completed)51. 为增强经济增长后劲发挥重要作用Play an important role in sustaining China’s economic development52. 整顿小煤矿取得了阶段性成果Major progress was made in the current stage of our efforts to restore order in the smallcoalmines.53. 振兴东北工作顺利开展The work of rejuvenating Northeast China is proceeding smoothly.54. 国有经济布局调整取得新的进展Progress was made in adjusting the distribution of the state sector of the economy.55. 上市公司股权分制改革基本完成Reform of introducing shareholder structure in listed companies was basically completed. 56. 规范收入分配秩序Standardize pattern of income distribution 57. 整顿和规范市场秩序Improve market order (原为improve and standardize market order)58. 改革深化为经济社会发展注入了新的动力The deepening of reform added fresh vitality and gave new impetus to economic and social development.59. 我们优先发展教育We put education high on the developmentagenda.60. 高等学校在校总人数达到两千三百万. The total college attendance reached 23 million.61. 这标志高等教育发展达到了一个新水平. This marks a new level in the development of higher education in China.62. 历史罕见的严重自然灾害Natural disasters of a severity seldom seen in history63. 政务、厂务、村务公开不断扩大Government, factory and village affairs were made more transparent.64. 颁布了29个行政法规Promulgated 29 sets of administrative regulations65. 实施治理商业贿赂专项行动A campaign to combat business bribery was launched.66. 依法打击经济犯罪People guilty of economic crimes were penalized.67. 民族宗教工作进一步加强Work related to ethnic groups and religion was further improved.68. 实事求是Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach (原为seek truth from facts)69. 解放思想Free our minds(原为:emancipate our minds) 70. 政府工作中还有一些缺点和不足There are some shortcomings and inadequacies in the work of the government.71. 一二三产业比例不合理There is a lack of proper balance among primary, secondary and tertiary industries. 72. 投资消费关系不协调Investment is not in keeping with consumer demand. (原为consumption demand)73. 经济增长模式粗放The pattern of economic growth is inefficient. (原为extensive)74. 政府职能转变滞后Moves to change the way the governmentfunctions are behind schedule/have not made expected progress.75. 政企不分现象仍然突出Non-separation of government administration and enterprise management remains a serious issue.76. 向人民交出满意的答卷To deliver a good report to the people77. 政府工作的基本思路是:The basic approach for the work of government is:78. 着力调整经济结构Speed up adjustment of economic structure/system (原为speed up economic restructuring)79. 努力实现国民经济又好又快发展Work hard for sound and fast development of China’s economy80. 电视覆盖从行政村向自然村延伸TV coverage extends from incorporated villages to unincorporated villages(原为:administrative villages and natural villages). 81. 认真贯彻行政许可法Implement in earnest the Administrative Permit Law82. 关心中国现代化建设To care about China’s modernization83. 城市最低生活保障制度System of basic (原为minimum) cost of living allowances for urban residents84. 最低工资制度The system of minimum wages85. 加快建设法治政府We accelerated development of government by the rule of law.86. 全面推进依法行政Advance all aspects of government administration in accordance with the law 87. 全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设Promote all aspects of socialist economic, political and cultural development88. 调整投资与消费的关系Adjust the balance between investment and consumption89. 稳定消费预期,扩大即期消费We should ensure (不用stabilize) consumer confidence and expand immediate consumption.90. 培养旅游、休闲、健身等消费热点Develop consumption growth areas such as tourism, recreation and exercise91. 坚持区别对待Take different approaches to different situations92. 实现现代化的宏伟目标Attain the ultimate goal (原为grand goal) we have set for modernization93. 目前我们正在采取一系列措施节能(原为at present, 后去掉) We are taking steps to save energy.94. 重工业增长过快Growth in heavy industry is overheated (原为excessive).95. 监管不到位/监管不力Poor oversight96. 以更高昂的精神状态恪尽职守We must carry out our duties with greater drive (原为with an even more enthusiastic attitude).97. 降低消耗Reduce consumption of energy and resources 98. 根据经济运行的新情况完善政策Improve policies in response to new developments in the operation of the economy 99. 把各项政策落到实处Truly put all policies into effect100. 重点是加强宏观调控The focus of this effort is to strengthen macroeconomic regulation101. 有保有压, 不搞一刀切We should encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others, treating each sector according to its specific situation.102. 妥善处理内需和外需的关系Properly balance domestic demand and international demand103. 统筹考虑国内外经济发展的相互联系和影响Take into consideration the interconnectedness and mutual influence of domestic and international economic development104. 我们未能完成去年年初确定的节能目标We fell short of the targets set at the beginning of last year to reduce energy consumption. 105. 国务院将每年如实向全国人大报告节能进展情况The State Council will report on the actual progress made in saving energy to the NPC annually.106. 把节能放在更突出的位置Attach greater importance to saving energy 107. 维护社会公正正义Safeguard social fairness and justice108. 使全体人民共享改革发展成果To ensure that all the people share the fruits of reform and development109. 以改革开放为动力推进各项工作Make reform and opening-up a driving force behind all work110. 坚持社会主义市场经济改革的方向We must continue in the direction of reform to deepen the socialist market economy (不是stick to the orientation of …).111. 抓好以下几个方面:We should concentrate on the following areas: 112. 解决出口退税历史欠帐Resolve long-standing arrears in export tax rebates113. 放宽市场准入Relax control over market entry114. 鼓励个体经营Encourage individually operated business 115. 非公有制经济Non-public economic sectors116. 市场主体产权日趋多元化The ownership of companies has become increasingly diversified.117. 两种企业所得税并存的历史条件发生的根本性变化Fundamental changes have taken place in the historical conditions justifying two corporate income tax rates.118. 统一企业所得税的时机和条件现已成熟Timing and conditions are now ripe for unifying corporate income tax rates.119. 这将使内外企业处于平等竞争地位。

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