压力容器结构与制造

毕业设计

专业：焊接技术与自动化

班级学号：1101 - 201103020120 学生姓名：甄家家

指导教师：刘玉梅

二〇一四年三月

甘肃有色冶金职业技术学院毕业设计

压力容器结构与制造

Design and manufacture of pressure vessels

专业班级：焊接1101班

学生姓名：甄家家

指导教师：刘玉梅

系别：机电工程系

2014年3月

摘要

众所周知，压力容器是在石油化学工业、能源工业、科研和军工等国民经济的各个部门都起着重要作用的设备。而由于密封、承压及介质等原因，容易发生爆炸、燃烧起火而危及人员、设备和财产的安全及污染环境的事故，因此世界各国均将其列为重要的监检产品，由国家指定的专门机构，按照国家规定的法规和标准实施监督检查和技术检验。同样的，对于它的生产要求也不能放松。焊接作为压力容器生产的主要环节，可谓是重中之重。

本文从压力容器焊接接头设计、压力容器焊接材料的选择及常用的焊接方法等方面简单地介绍了压力容器焊接方面的基础知识。基于手工电弧焊设备简单、工艺灵活及对各种刚适应性强等特点，手工电弧焊成为压力容器最主要的焊接方法，本文详细的介绍了手工电弧焊在压力容器焊接中的应用及常见的焊接缺陷和预防方法。

关键词：压力容器，手工电弧焊，石油化工，焊接方法

Abstract

As is known to all, pressure vessel is in the petroleum chemical industry, energy industry, scientific research and military industry and so on every part of the national economy plays an important role of the equipment. And because the reasons, such as sealing, pressure and medium easy explosion, burning a fire and endanger the safety of the personnel, equipment and property and environmental pollution accident, therefore it in every country in the world as a important inspection products, by the specialized agencies designated by the state, for the supervision and inspection in accordance with the laws and regulations and standards prescribed by the state and technical inspection. Similarly, for its production requirement cannot relax. Welding as the main part of the pressure vessel production, is a top priority.

This article from the welding joint of pressure vessel design, pressure vessel welding material selection and commonly used welding method, etc, simply introduces the basic knowledge of pressure vessel welding aspect. Based on manual electric arc welding equipment is simple, flexible and just characteristics such as strong adaptability to various, manual electric arc welding to become the main welding method of pressure vessel, this paper detailed introduces the manual electric arc welding in pressure vessel welding application and common welding defects and the prevention method.

Key words: pressure vessel, manual electric arc welding, petrochemical industry, welding method

目录

绪论 (1)

第一章筒体的概况 (2)

1.1化学成分和力学性能 (2)

1.2焊接性分析 (2)

1.3焊接方法与焊接材料 (3)

第二章筒体板的备料工艺 (4)

2.1备料 (4)

2.2材料复验、入库 (4)

2.3钢材的预处理 (4)

2.3.1钢板的矫平 (5)

2.3.2钢板的表面除锈 (5)

第三章筒体板的成形工艺 (7)

3.1一次号料 (7)

3.2一次下料 (7)

3.3筒体板的压形 (7)

3.4二次号料 (8)

3.5二次下料 (8)

3.6板的修形 (9)

第四章工装夹具 (10)

第五章焊接工艺 (11)

5.1施焊环境 (11)

5.2焊前准备 (11)

5.2.1焊接工艺评定 (11)

5.2.2焊条的干燥 (11)

5.2.3预热 (11)

5.3焊接工艺 (12)

5.3.1 坡口 (12)

5.3.2纵缝焊接工艺参数 (14)

第六章无损检测 (17)

6.1射线和超声检测 (17)

6.2焊后整体热处理 (17)

结论 (18)