英美文化复习资料(全)

合集下载

英美文化复习

英美文化复习Unit 11. National flower---roseFlag—the Union flag or the Union JackAnthem---God Save the Queen2。

hard—workingthoroughopen-heartedhospitablegenerous2. Component parts of the country-——Northern Ireland 、Scotland、England、WalesUnit 21. National flower ：roseBird ：The Bald EagleFlag ：The Stars and Stripesanthem ：The Stars and Stripes ForeverGreat seal : 美国国徽美国风光欣赏(20张）外围为两个同心圆，内有一只白头海雕（秃鹰）雄踞中央，双翼展开,其右爪握一束橄榄枝，左爪握13支利箭,尖嘴中叼着一条飘带，上用拉丁文写着“合众为一"Uncle Sam ：“山姆大叔”是美国的绰号，被用来代指“美国”或“美国政府”，主要在美国、英国,尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。

I need you 用于征兵2。

Ethnic group：White： 65％Latin American descent:16。

5%Black： 12。

9％Asian: 4.6%Native American (American Indians and Inuit) :1。

2％.3. History:Westward movement： 1789—1859Independence War: 1775-1789Civil War： 1860-1865Great Depression: 1929-1933Civil rights movement: 1955–19684. 补充Civil WarTime： From April,1861 to April， 1865Two sides of the war: The Northern States ＆ the Southern StatesCauses of the war： The South wanted to keep black slaves while the north was against slavery.The South wanted to set up a country of their own but the north said it was wrong.Results of the war: The North won and the two sides joined up again。

英美文化知识点总结图

英美文化知识点总结图英美文化是指英国和美国两国的文化，由于历史和地理因素的影响，英美文化在很多方面有着共同的特点，但也有一些不同之处。

本文将从语言、食物、节日、音乐、体育和社会礼仪等方面对英美文化进行总结。

一、语言1. 英语英语是英美两国的官方语言，它们有着共同的语法和词汇，但在语音和部分词汇上有一些差别。

在英国，英语分为英格兰英语、苏格兰英语、威尔士英语和北爱尔兰英语等方言；而美国的英语则有着更多的地域性差异，比如东部和西部的口音、南部和北部的词汇用法等。

2. 俚语英美两国都有着丰富的俚语和口头禅，比如英国人说的“bloke”（家伙），美国人说的“cool”（酷），这些词汇的使用方式和含义在不同地区也会有一些不同。

3. 礼貌用语在英美两国，称呼方式和礼貌用语也有一些不同。

比如在英国，“sir”和“madam”被用于商务场合或对陌生人的称呼，而在美国，“sir”和“ma'am”更多地被用于尊敬长者。

二、食物1. 早餐英国人习惯吃牛奶、麦片、烤面包和熏肉等食物作为早餐，而美国人更喜欢在早餐时吃鸡蛋、培根、土豆和煎饼等。

2. 午餐英国人通常吃三明治、鱼和薯条、谢菲尔德派、烤土豆等作为午餐，而美国人更喜欢吃汉堡包、比萨、墨西哥卷饼和烤肉。

3. 晚餐在英国，晚餐通常由三道菜组成，包括开胃菜、主菜和甜点；而在美国，晚餐则更注重肉类和蔬菜的搭配，通常会有更多的甜点选择。

4. 茶文化英国人有着悠久的茶文化，他们通常会在下午喝茶，并且会搭配一些小点心；而美国人更喜欢喝咖啡，下午茶更多的是一种社交活动。

1. 圣诞节在英国和美国，圣诞节都是重要的节日，人们会装饰圣诞树、交换礼物、吃圣诞大餐等，但两国在庆祝方式上有些差别。

比如在英国，圣诞布置通常更加传统和典雅，而在美国，圣诞的装饰则更加繁华和华丽。

2. 独立日独立日是美国的国庆节，人们会进行烟花表演、游行、野餐和烧烤等庆祝活动。

而在英国，没有类似的国庆节，但人们会在特定的日期举行各种民俗活动和庆祝仪式。

英美文学选读复习资料

英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期：莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》等，以及弥尔顿的《失乐园》。

2、17世纪：约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌，以及约翰·班扬的《天路历程》。

3、18世纪：启蒙时期，亨利·菲尔丁和理查逊的小说，以及亚历山大·蒲柏的讽刺诗歌。

4、19世纪：浪漫主义时期，包括拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的诗歌，以及简·奥斯汀、爱米莉·勃朗特等的小说。

5、维多利亚时期：查尔斯·狄更斯、乔治·艾略特、托马斯·哈代等作家的小说，以及马修·阿诺德、约翰·罗斯金等人的诗歌。

二、美国文学1、浪漫主义时期：包括华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷传说》、爱伦·坡的短篇小说、以及纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》。

2、现实主义时期：包括马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、亨利·詹姆斯的小说、以及艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌。

3、20世纪：包括F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》、杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等文学作品。

三、文学术语和概念1、象征主义：通过象征性的符号或形象来表达某种思想或情感。

2、叙事视角：从特定的角度来描述故事，常见的有第一人称、第二人称、第三人称等。

3、意象主义：通过形象和比喻来表达情感和思想。

4、文艺复兴：欧洲历史上的一次文化运动，强调人文主义和古希腊罗马文化。

5、玄学派：17世纪英国的一种文学流派，强调诗歌中的哲学思考和神秘主义。

6、悲剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现英雄人物的悲惨命运。

7、喜剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现幽默、讽刺等轻松愉快的主题。

8、自然主义：一种文学流派，强调对自然和社会现实的客观描写。

9、超验主义：一种哲学思想，强调个人经验和直觉，反对传统权威。

英美文化复习重点

英美文化复习重点第一章古代西方哲学的发展一、Greek RationalismThe word “philosophy” is Greek for “love of wisdom” and has come to mean a systematic search for answers to life’s great questions.P11 Socrates (470—399 B.C.)名言⑴“One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing”P3⑵“he who know what good is, will do good.”P42 Plato (428—347 B.C.)名言⑴ The earlier natural philosophers asked “what allows our changing world to be based on something that is unchanging?”(不是Plato说的)Plato now asked, “what is eternally true”, “eternally beautiful”and “eternally good”? 真善美 P4⑵ If Plato’s motto was “mind over matter”then Aristotle’s motto was “matter over mind.”如果柏拉图的座右铭是“精神高于物质”，那么亚里士多德的格言是“财富高于物质” P53 Aristotle (385—323 B.C.)二、The Middle Ages(ca 476 A.D.—ca 1400A.D.)三、The Renaissance(ca 1400--1700)1 Rene Descartes (1596--1650) 笛卡尔 P8⑴He did not believe that man knew nothing. This belief led him to ask another important question, “what is the relatio nship between the body (matter) and the mind (spirit)?” according to Descartes, the human body is a perfect machine, followingnatural laws. But man also has a mind which interacts or operates independently from the body. 人体是一个完美的机器，遵循自然规律。

英美文化教程

英美文化教程复习资料一、知识点：英国部分1、英国组成，国旗，国歌：The United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.The Union Jack is the national flag and God Save the King/Queen is used as the national anthem.2、英国语言经历点阶段：he history of the English language has generally been divided into Old English, spoken by theancient Germans lasting from 450 to 1150; Middle English from 1151 to 1500; and Modern English beginning from 1501.3、抵抗丹麦的皇帝：Alfred the Great, King of Wessex大宪章：The Great CharterThe Great Charter is a most important document in England history. It has been called “the corner stone” of English history. The Great Charter provides that the king should permit merchants to move about freely and should observe the privileges of the various towns, which were growing in number and size.4、宪章运动In 1837 the London Workingman’s Association worked out the famous document, The People’s CharterThe People’s Charter constituted six points:（人民宪章）(1)Votes for all males.(2)Annual election of Parliament (instead of general election every seven years).(3)Payment of Members of Parliament (so that poor men could afford to take part in political activities).(4)Secret voting (so that to avoid bribery and intimidation).(5)Abolition of property qualifications for Parliament Members (so that workers could seek to be elected).(6)Equal electoral districts (so that the large population of the workers could enjoy a corresponding share of thevotes).The People’s Charter was formally adopted at a meeting of workers held on August 8, 1838, on Newhall Hill.In 1840, the Chartist Movement witnessed the second upsruge.In 1848, the Chartist Movement expericenced the third and last upsruge.5、英国两院制上议院、下议院(议会)The parliament(议会) is bicameral (两院制), with an upper house, the non-elected House of Lords, and a lower house, the elected House of Commons.The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temproal.The House of Lords today is more a place of discussion and debate than one of substantial power. It main functions include debating the issues of the day and improving certain non-tax bills inadequately considered by the Commons before they are passed into low. In some rare cases, it may delay the passage of bills approved by the Commons, but only for up to a year.The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections to it, held at least every 5 years. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster, in the City of Westminster in London. House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the UK. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 646 members. The leader of the party with the majority of seats becomes the Prime Minister, head of the government. He or she then chooses an inner cabinet of key ministers and appoints junior ministers in various ministers.Power:1.Legislative(立法权)：The House of Commons has the supreme authority of the legislation, their motion can directly get Royal Assent.2.finace power(财政权)：only the house of commons has the right to propose the motion on tax or supply(只有下议院才有权力提出税收及供应的权力)3.Suprvise the government (监督政府)：as the head of the government, if the prime minister wants to continue in office, he/she must be admitted by the House of Commons. It has the right to impeach(弹劾) the prime minister or the government. Functions: Members of Parliament are involved in considering can drafting new laws.MPs can use their position to ask government ministers questions about current issues.To supervise, or oversee finance.6、两大政党The Conservative Party: 1 relatively rich and privileged;2 maintenance of the existing institutions as itspolicy;3last word in deciding policy by its leader;4 conference for the leader’guidance but a device for making the party’s policyThe Labor Party: 1 relatively poor and underprivileged; 2 strong in the heavily-populated industrial areas and particularly associated with the working class; 3 nationwide organization, few resources and heavily depends on the trade unions; 4 conference for making the party policy(1)The Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprises. It is against too muchgovernment intervention, especially nationalization, which not only takes control away from the owners and builders of industry, but also leads to inefficiency. The Conservative Party favors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare. It policies are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism. (2)The Labor Party believes in an egalitarian(平等主义的) economy, transferring wealth from the rich to the poor by meansof taxing the most affluent members of society and providing support for the poor in society. They deem the government responsible for the provision of range of public services, such as social welfare, education and public transport. The Labor government that came to power in 1945 had a major effect on British society. It set up the National Health Service to provide high quality, free health care for all, “from cradle to grave”, providing a range of welfare payments, and most controversially, it “nationalized”a wide range of industries, making a mixed economy of both private-and state-owned enterprises. The Labor Party became known as a party of high taxation.7.The Open University （开放大学）a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programmes.8. 19世纪末英国经济绝对—相对衰退Absolute Decline and Relative Decline9英国教育：四大私立中学，大学四大私立中学：Eton Harrow Rugby Winchester大学：Ancient Universities founded before the 19th centuryLondon Universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuriesRed Brick Universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuriesPlate Glass Universities founded in the 1960sThe Open Universities founded in 1968 (重点)P137New Universities created in or after 1992古老的大学：The university of Oxford(历史更久)；The university of Cambridge10 “British history has been a history of invasions”.British history has been a history of invasions. Before the 1st century AD Britain was made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people. They brought the central European culture to Britain. Then in 43AD, Roman Empire invaded Britain and controlled it f or slave society but also disseminated their Catholicism.However, in the 5th century, the Roman Empire rapidly waned in power and Britain was conquered by the Angles and the Saxons. In order to defend the Saxons, a great leader—King Arthur appeared. He created the "round table" to satisfy all the kni ghts' requirement of having equal precedence. Thus it gradually formed the monarchy in Britain as a more democratic system. Whether Arthur's a real person in the history or not, Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain and they were the forefathers of the English.In the 8th century, the Vikings from Denmark controlled the northern and eastern England. An Anglo-Saxon hero, king Alf red the Great fought against the Vikings with the truly English. And that's why there's a certain cultural difference between nort herners and southerners in England. Later, the Normans from northern France, under the leading of William of Normandy, kille d the king and William became the First of England. They imported a ruling class that French-speaking Norman aristocracy rule d Saxon and English-speaking population. In this condition, there weren't a lot of rebellions among the English people. That dir ectly formed an English unique character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity. Even today, w e can still find this personality from the British people through their lifestyles.In fact, such invasion is a peaceful history of joining together the various parts of the British Isles and the power graduall y transferred from the monarch to the parliament. So the constitutional monarchy has been established in Britain.11.English Language (s三个阶段)：old English period—middle English period---modern English period二、英国选择、填空、简答题1、The British Isles are situated in the northwest of the Europe.2、The highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and east of Britain.3、The Pennine Chain is sometimes called the backbone of England.4、The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.5、Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in the UK.6、The British Isles are cut off from the continent by the English Channel.7、On the north and the east, the Isles face the North Sea and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean.8、The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight.9、The Highlands act as a divide and determine whether rivers flow west to the Irish Sea or east to the North Sea.10、The seven Conurbations in Britain contain one third of the population of the country.11、The English people are descendants of Anglo-Saxons.12、Middle English took shape about a century after the Norman Conquest.13、London dialect was once disseminated throughout the country NOT because London was a D center.A. commercialB. politicalC. printingD. linguistic14、Scotland has had a separate legal system.15、The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons , while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the Celts.16、Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a two-party system.17、In Britain, the parliament general election is held every five years.18、The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individual.19、The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it set up the National Health Service.20、Other countries have “citizens”. But in Britain people are legally described as subject.21、Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne in 1952.22、Which of the followings in not RIGHT to describe the Prime Minister? DA The head of CabinetB The head of civil serviceC The leader of the Party in powerD The head of the country23、The third largest political party in Britain is the Liberal Party.24、The British economy achieved global dominance by 1880s.25、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? CA. Britain remains one of the Group of Seven largest industrial economies.B. Britain has experienced a relative economic decline in 1945.C. There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capital.26、Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? DA. Beef cattleB. Dairy cattleC. ChichenD. Sheep27、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? CA. FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD.BMW28、In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? The US and Russia29、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector? BA. ShellB. ICIC. PTZD. British Gas30、”The Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire India, which provided raw material and a big market for British goods, gained independence in 1947.31、Since 1945, the UK economy has experienced relative decline rather than absolute decline.32、In recent years, Britain is second only to the US as a destination for international direct investment.33、The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: primary industries, secondary industries and tertiary industries.34、Englishman Frank Whittle developed the world’s first jet engine in 1937.35、What kind of secondary schools now receives the largest number of students? Comprehensive schools36、Which is incorrect to describe the independent schools? CA. They are public schools. C. They are fee-free schools.B. They emphasize the importance of character training. D. Many of them are boarding schools.37、Open University communicates with its students mainly by radio, television programs, local study programmes.38、The University of Buckingham is a privately funded university in Britain.39、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the exam called General Certificate of Education-Advanced.40、Easter commemorates the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ41、On which day is Halloween celebrated? October 3142、Where are the international tennis championships held? Wimbledon43、Which one in the following is famous for its literary and dramatic criticism? DA. The EconomistB. The SpectatorC.TribuneD. Punch44、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? CA.Enjoying the Pantomime C.Eating chocolate eggs.B.The Queen broadcasting her Christmas message D.Shopping on the Boxing Day.45、Margaret Thatcher was the United Kingdom’s first woman Prime Minister.46、Margaret Thatcher’s nickname is the Iron Lady三、知识点：美国部分1、美国简介The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and a water border with Russia.It national day is on 4th of July (Independence Day).Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.George Washington is the first president.Flag: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner.The bald eagle was chosen on June 20, 1782 as the emblem.National anthem is the Star - Spangled Banner.The Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.2、二战与美国America in WWII: 1 From Isolation to Intervention(隔离-干预)2 Battle Against Germany (Normandy Landing诺曼底登陆1944)3 Battle Against Japan(The Pearl Harbor incident 珍珠港事件导火线---- T he Battle of Midway 中途岛战役1942<the turning point of the war>)America After WWII:1Truman and Cold War（The Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义）2The Eisenhower Doctrine （艾森豪威尔主义）3The Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis（猪湾事件和古巴导弹危机）3、美国政治：Three Branches of the American Government(三权分立)The federal government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers and the system of "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches. The policies of the federal government have a broad impact on both the domestic and foreign affairs of the United States. In addition, the powers of the federal government as a whole are limited by the Constitution.The legislative branch consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, collectively known as the Congress. There are 100 senators; each state has two. Each state has a different number of representatives, with the number determined by the state's population. At present, there are 435 members of the House. The legislative branch, as a whole, is charged with passing the nation's laws and allocating funds for the running of the federal government and providing assistance to the 50 U.S. states.The executive branch The chief executive of the United States is the President, who, together with the vice president, is elected to a four-year term. A crucial function of the executive branch is to ensure that laws are carried out and enforced to facilitate such day-to-day responsibilities of the federal government as collecting taxes, safeguarding the homeland and representing the United States' political and economic interests around the world.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. Thejudicial branch consists of the United States Supreme Court and lower federal courts. Its primary function is to hear cases that challenge legislation or require interpretation of that legislation. The U.S. Supreme Court has nine Justices, who are chosen by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and have a lifetime appointment.4、美国宗教特征: Distinctive Characteristics1.freedom and toleration2.pluralism and diversity3.prospects5、美国教育：The Ivy League（常春藤联）:Harvard UniversityYale University University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Columbia University Brown University Cornell University Dartmouth College四．美国题目1.The United States has altogether fifty states.2.Alaska is the largest state in land area and Rhode Island the smallest.3.Before their conversion to farmland, the Great Plains were noted for their extensive grasslands.4.The longest river in America is Missouri River.ke Superior has the largest surface area of any freshwater lake in the world.6.The climate of the United States, as a whole, can be classified as temperate.7.The Great Plains and Midwest, due to the contrasting air masses, sees frequent severe thunderstorms andtornado outbreaks during spring and summer.8.One natural disaster that frequents the country are hurricanes, which can hit anywhere along the Gulf Coastor the Atlantic Coast as well as Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.9.The American Northwest sees the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the United States, inWashington, Oregon and northern California along the Cascade Mountains.10.America has plenty of fertile soil. Farmlands in the United States make up about 12% of the arable lands inthe world, and they are among the richest and most productive ones.11.The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico, and a water border with Russia.12.The United States secured its independence from Great Britain in 1783.13.The United States ranks as the fourth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, and China.14.The five Great Lakes are located in the north-central portion of the country, four of them forming part ofthe border with Canada.15.Of the 13 British colonies only Connecticut and Rlode Island.16.The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies EXCEPT DA. DelawareB.PennsylvaniaC.MassachusettsD.Georgia17.The victory of Saratoga was the turning point of the War of Inpendence.18.When the Second War of Inpendence broke out in 1812, the US President was James Madison.19.The Mexican territories annexed by US and as a result of the Mexican War include the following statesEXCEPT AA.OregonB.TexasC. CaliforniaD.Arizona20.Which of the following is NOT the measure taken by Lincoln’s Administration in 1862 to change the situationand win the Civil War? DA.The passage of the Homestead Act.B.The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation.C.The allowance of Negroes to join the Union Army.D.The ordering of the Union Army to take over Richmond.21.The US imperialism was marked by all the following EXCEPT CA.highly developed industryB.high concentration of capitalC.free business competitionD.overseas territorial expansion22.When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observestrict neutrality.23.The Post-WWII program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.24.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.。

英美社会文化复习资料

英美社会文化复习资料第一部分英国概况The United KingdomLand and PeopleI. Different Names for Britain and its Parts1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.。

2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.II. Geographical Features1.Geographical position of Britain:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and theNorth Sea in the east.Britain does not share land border with any other countries except the Republic of Ireland.III. Rivers and LakesSevern River is the longest river in Britain (338km).Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km)IV. Climate1. Britain's favorable climateBritain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.V. The PeopleThe ancestors of the British people are Anglo-Saxons, the Scots, Welsh, Irish and Celts.British HistoryI. Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)1.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.2. Roman’s influence on Britain.The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britain’s natural resources. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.II. The Anglo-Saxons (446-871)1. Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes.The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany,established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to theEnglish people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.2. The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity.The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in Rome, to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. In 579 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north.3. The Early Anglo-Saxons make the contributions to the British state. The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also established the manorialsystem. Finally, they created the Witan（council or meeting of the wisemen）to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.III. The Norman Conquest (1066)1. Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death.It was said that King Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.2. The English is a mixture of nationalities of different origins. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient Angles and Saxons. Some English people are of the Norman-French origin.The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381)I. Norman Rule (1066-1381)II. Contents and the significance of the Magna Carter (Great Charter) Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons. It consists of sixty-three clauses.Its important provisions are as follows: (1) no tax should be madewithout the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freemen should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of their property; (3) the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. Although The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was thelimitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.III. The origins of the English ParliamentThe Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council, together with two knights from each county and two citizens from each town. It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its main role was to offer advice. There were no elections or parties. And the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords.Henry VIII’s reform stresse d the power of the monarch and certainly strengthened Henry’s position; Parliament had never done such a long and important piece of work before, its importance grew as a result. His attack on the Pop e’s power encouraged many critics of abuses of the Catholic Church. England was moving away form Catholicism towards protestaintism.I.Elizabeth I (1558-1603)Elizabeth's religious reform and her foreign policyElizabeth's religious reform was a compromise of views. She broke Mary's ties with Rome and restored her father's independent Church of England, i.e. keeping to Catholic doctrines and practices but to be free of the Papal control. He religious settlement was unacceptable to both the extreme Protestants known as Puritans and to ardent Catholics.For nearly 30 years Elizabeth successfully played off against each other the two great Catholic powers, France and Spain, and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict. Through her marriage alliances which were never materialized, Elizabeth managed to maintain a friendlyrelationship with France. So England wad able to face the danger from Spain.The English Civil War:is also called the Puritan Revolution. It has been seen as a conflict between the parliament and the King, and a conflict between economic interests of the Crown. The economic interests of the urban middle classed coincided with their religious (Puritan) ideology while the Crown’s traditional economic interests correspondingly allied with Anglican religious belief. The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.II. The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830)1.The industrial Revolution refers to the mechanisation of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.2.Britain was the first country to industrialize.(6) James Watt’s steam engine in 1765.3. Aggression against ChinaIn 1840, the Opium War broke out between Britain and China. Since then, Britain gradually invaded many coastal areas and imposed a series of unequal treaties upon China.5. Mrs. ThatcherThatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, andan emphasis on law and order. To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy.Chapter Four. Government and AdministrationThe United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a king or a queen. The United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.I. The Monarchy1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth theSecond, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.2. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, the head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament.3. Th e monarch actually has no real power. The monarch’s power is limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.III. Parliament1.The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal, state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and theHouse of Commons.2. The main functions of Parliament are:(1) to pass laws;(2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of government;(3) to examine government Policy and administrations, including proposal for expenditure; and(4) to debate the major issues of the day.3. The House of Lords is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking. In other words, the non-elected House is to act as a chamber of revision, complementing but not rivaling the elect House.4. The House of Common is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs). It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority.A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and some otherEnglish-speaking countries, originally a school teaching classical languages but more recently an academically-oriented secondary school.第二部分：美国概况The United States美国概况Chapter One. Geography and Climate1. Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American. Alaska northwestern Canada and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.2. The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. Itis the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.3. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.4. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.5. The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.6．The Mississippi River is the largest river in American, over 6000 kilometers. The Mississippi has been cal led “father of waters” or “old man river”.7. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado in thesouth and the Columbia , which rises in Canada.8. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.9. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan, the only entirely in the U.S., Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario. They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.Cities14. New England is made up of six states of the Northeast. Because of its stony soil it is not noted for its agriculture .Dairying is the most important farm activity, New England is also well-known for its position in education, Many famous universitiesand colleges such as Yale, Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) are located here.15. New Englanders were originally knows as Yankees, which came to stand for all American.16. The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the united states.17. The soil is rich, the rain usually plentiful and the growing season long. These factors make the Midwest America’s most important agricultural area .It is also a major manufacturing region and thenation’s leading center of heavy industry.18. Chicago, the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industrial and commercial center of the area19. Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world. Omaha is known as the agricultural capital of the United States.20. Dry farming, irrigation farming, and the cattle and sheep herding are the main activities of the Great Plains of the American West. 21. Colorado has been called the steel city of the west, Denver is the largest city of the Great Plains.22. The largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau.23. Mmauna Loa, the world’s largest volcano, is located on Haiwaii and erupts from time to time, Suger cane and pineapples are Haiwaii’s main crops. Tourism is Haiwaii’s most important industry.24. Honolulu is the capital of Haiwaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska.Chapter Two ：Population, Race and Ethnic Groups1. The United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world after China and India.2. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigrantsfrom independence until 1960s. Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.3. Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992. Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.4. Arizona, Nevada, and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.5. The first immigrants in the American history came from England and Netherlands.6. The first of these immigration waves in the mid-1810s and reached the highest point in 1845.The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890. The largest of the three immigration wave in American was from 1890-1914.7.One in five American moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunity, a better climate of other goals.8. Traditionally, the mainstream American were called WASPs, that is ,White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.Chapter Three: American HistoryAmerican history (1)1. The "first American "were the Indians. The first English colonyin the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North American.2. In 1620,201 Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth and built thePlymouth colony.3. From 1630 to 1643, some 200 ships transported over 20000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.4. The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. There were a number of features which would play a role in forming the American character. They were representative from of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.5. In September 1744, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia which encouraged American to refuse to buy British goods.6. The Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.8. In September ,1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, Britain recognized the independence of the USA9. The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of theconstitution as well as one of the most important works on political theory.10. The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution, which was called the Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791 which promise to protect individuals’ rights.11. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the states by Match 1781.It has two serious weaknesses:1>there was no national executive of law-enforcing branch;2>Congress has no power to raise taxes. A conference was held in Philadelphia in May 1787 to consider what should be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All of the states except Rhode Islandwere represented at the Consititutional Convention.12. The U.S went to war with Britain in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.13. During the 13 years of Indian wars after the War of Independence, the Americans forced England to give up the Old Northwest and they forced Spain to open the Mississippi river. Their crossing of the Mississippi helped persuade Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.14. In the Civil war, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation. 15. OnNovember 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln made a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg. He ended his speech with these memorable words: “That government of the people, by the people, for the pe ople, shall not perish from the earth.”American History(2)（1900-1945)1．In 1880, the U.S ranked first in the world in the production of steel; in 1900,the U.S. produced 245million tons of coal, ranking first in the world.2．Large corporation, urbanization and new technology were the three features in the growth of American economy at the beginning of the 20th century.3．In 1903, the Wright brothers flew a plane for a brief 12 seconds at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This was the beginning of the appearance of the plane. In 191, Glenn E. Curiss designed and flew a successful plane.4．At the beginning of the WWI, the U.S. was impartial neither in action, nor in thought. It pursued a policy of pro-Allypartiality. 5．The 1920s in the U.S. has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.6．The stock market crash was the beginning of long economicdepression in the late 1920S and 1930S.7．The aim of President Roosevelt’s New measures wa s to save American democracy and the capitalist system.罗斯福总统“新政：措施的目的在于”拯救美国民主“及克服资本主义制度有史以来最严重的经济制度。

英美文化复习

1.Christopher Columbus discovered America in1942.1.The 3 forces which caused America to be settled were the growth of capitalism in Europe, the Renaissance、the Religious Reformation.2.The Religious Reformation was started by Martin Luther.3.Pennsylvania was started by the Quakers.4.Maryland was started by the Catholics.5.New England was settled by the Puritans.6.The first settlement was in virginia in the town of Jamestown.7.Martin Luther taught that salvation was only by faith in Jesus Christ.8.The 3 man persons involved in the religious reformation were Martin Luther, John Calvin, King Henry VIII.9.The puritans objected to the Church of England.10.John Calvin taught that God predestined (caused) people to either go to heaven or hell.11.The French and Indian War led to the American Revolution because England made the colonists pay taxes for the war.12.The Puritans came to America on the ship named the mayflower.13.The Boston Tea Party was in 1773 when a group dressed as Indians threw tea off a ship to protect the tax on tea.14.The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4,1776.15.The Declaration said that all men are created equal had unalienable rights of Life , Liberty ,and the Pursuits of Happiness.16.The industrial revolution spread in America because labor was scarce and wages were high.17.Tariffs(taxes) do not exist between different states and this helps the American economy.18.America has a fluid class structure (that means you can change classes in your life time) which has helped the country.19.A corporation has has “limited liability”.this means that investors only risk what they invest if they buy stock.20.The profit motivate cause people to open and expand business and factories and risk their money.21.When people buy stock in a company, they become part owner of the company.22.The United States Government is divided into what the executive, legislative,and judicial branches .23.Terms: House members-2 years, Senators-6 years , The president -4 years ,Supreme court —for life.24.The Republics and Democrats are the two major parties in the US.25.Americans do not have to join a political party to vote.26. The Supreme court determines if a law is constitutional.27.The Legislative Branch passes laws.28.A federal system is where power is shared between the central government and the state governments.29.The first amendment guarantees the freedom of religion,speech, and assembly(gathering in groups).30.When a president refuses to sign a bill passed by congress is called a veto.31.The Bill of rights(the first 10 amendments) guarantees certain things for Americans like the freedom of the press, freedom to carry weapons, etc.32.If the Presidents does something wrong he can be removed from office by bing impeached.33.You are guaranteed the right to own weapons by the 2nd amendment.34.The 4 parts of the UK are England ,Scotland ,Wales and Northern Ireland.35.The 4 groups which invaded England were the Romans, the Angels&Saxons, the Vikings,and the Normans.36.The Angels gave England it’s name -Angel Land .37.Ronin Hood was known for robbing from the rich and giving to the poor.38.King Arthur forgot against the Angels and Saxons.39.The first son of the monarch is always the Prince od wales.40.Good Friday is the day that Jesus died on the cross for people’s sins.41.The Parliament government body in the UK.It is divided into the House of Common and the House of Lords.42.The UK and the US have a secret ballot - this means that nobody knows how you vote.43.The 3major political parties in the UK are the Labor ,the Conservative, the Liberal Democrats.44.In the story -Doctor Faustus sold his soul to the devil in exchange for the power.45.“For God so loved the world, that whosever believe in him should not be perish ,but have everlasting life.”Comes from John 3；16 in the Bible.46.That “The Lord is my shepherd; I shall no want. He makes me to lie down in green pastures; he lead me beside the still waters, He restored my soul”Come from Psalm 23 in the Bible.47.In Paradise Lost , the devil convince the woman to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit.48.Christmas is about the birth of Jesus Christ.49.Easter is about the resurrection (coming back to life) of Jesus Christ.50.Protestants are the largest religious group in America.51.Most Americans are either Protestants, Catholics,or Jewish.52.Churches are built by money donated by people who attend and Not by government.53.The largest protestant group are the Baptists.54.All religious groups in America live under the same law and there is no state church, talk with people having problems, teach the Bible, and give a sermon(lecture) each week.cation in the US is a local matter.56.There is no religious instruction in public schools. 90% students attend public schools. There is free for all for 13years(Kindergarten through 12th grade). Local school boards set policy for the school and hire teachers .57.Puritans started education in American because they wanted everyone able to read the Bible.58.Harvard was started to educate ministers.59.Every child is required by law to attend school.60.A normal university class meets 3 times a week for 50 minutes. This is called a 3 hour class.61.Most students take about 15 hours per week at the university.62.Football is the most popular sport in America,63.The super bowl game is held in late January or early February, many people watch the game because of the commercials. A 30 second advertisement can cost $5 million dollars . A tailgate party is held before a football game.64.The number one health problem for the poor in the US is being overweight.65.Star is a popular cultural TV\movie series about the future.66.Mr Spock has pointy ears, if from the planet Vulcan and is known for saying “live long and prosper.” they fly on the USS enterprise.。

英美文学复习总结资料.docx

姜（8夂禽1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明•富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard's Almanack 穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth 致富之道；The Autobiography 自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯•潘恩1737-1809Common Sense 常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man 人的权利：The Age of Reason 理性时代4> Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史.... 美国人与的龙部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book 见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷的传说---- 使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家5、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀1789-1851 The Spy 间谍;The Piloi•领航者;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer 拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干A;The Prairie 大草原;The Pathfinder 探路者;The Deerslayer 杀鹿者7、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加•爱伦•坡1809-1849 （以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人——叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集;Tales 故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌；Annabel Lee安娜贝尔•李 .. 歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头The Raven and Other Poems 乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven 乌鸦；To Hellen 致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然一-一新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul 论超灵;Self-reliance 论自立;The Transcendentalist 超验主义者Representative Men 代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn 康考德颂;The Rhodo 杜鹃花;The Humble Bee 野蜂;Days 日子■首开自由诗之先河9・ Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔•霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales 尽人皆知的故事:Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown 年轻的古徳曼•布朗;The Scarlet Letter 红字;TheHouse of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子 ---------- 心理若们罗曼10、Henry David Threau 亨利•大卫•梭罗1817-1862 Wadden.or Life in the Woods 华腾湖或林中生活Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience 抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特•惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass 草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe 阔斧之歌;T hear America Singing 我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom'd 小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas 民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question 流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville 赫尔曼•梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比•辿克/白鲸；Typee 泰比;Omoo 奥穆;Mardi 玛地;Redburn 得本;White Jacket 白外衣:Pierre 皮尔埃；Piazza 广场故事；Billy Budd比利•巴徳13 、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利•沃兹沃思•朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌——美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night 夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens 民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗:Tales of a Ways ide Inn路边客栈的故事…诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Reveres Ride保罗•里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish边尔斯•斯坦迪什的求婚——叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇…反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier 约翰•格林里夫•惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abol计ion Question 废奴问题;Voice of Freedom 自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems 内战时期所作;Snow-Bound 大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems 海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬口 E园诗17、Emily Dickinson 埃米莉•迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson 埃米莉•迪金森诗集--- ''Tell all the truth and tell it slant0迂回曲折的，玄学的18、Mark Twain 马克•吐温(Samuel Longhorne Clemens) ■一美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocenfs Abroad 傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆•索耳B历险记;The Prince and the Pauper 王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利•费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court 亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson 傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉哒克;The Man That Corr叩ted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事一-对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte 哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿 ---- 乡土文学作家23、Henry James享利澹姆斯1843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller 苔瑟•米乐；The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇人画像；The Bostonians 波士顿人;The Real Thing and Other Tales 真货色及其他故事; The Wings of the Dove 鸽翼；The Ambassadors 大使；The Golden Bowl 金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits 不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews 札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays 小说艺术29、O Henry 欧•享利（WilliamSidney Porter） 1862-1910The Man Higher Up 黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens 七上八下38、Theodore Dreiser 西奥多•德莱塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie 嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲（Financer 金融苑The Titan 巨人,The Stoic）;An American Tragedy 美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）；Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗40Jack London 杰克•伦敦1876-1916 The Son of the Wolf 狼之子“The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf 海狼;White Fang 白礫牙;The People of the Abyss 深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel 铁蹄;Marti Eden 马丁•伊登;How I become a Socialist 我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命:Love of LJfe热爱生UP；The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下45^ Robert Frest罗伯特•弗罗斯特1874-1963 A Boy's Wish 少年心愿；North of Boston 波士顿之北（Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后）;Mountain Interval 山间（成熟阶段）（The Road Not taken没有选择的道路）；West-running Brook 西流的溪涧;A Further Range 又一片牧场;A Witness Tree 一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德•安德森1876-1941 Windy McPhersons Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进屮的人1fJ;Mid-American Chants 美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;bark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories 鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories 林屮之死及其他故事;]Want to Know Why 我想知道为什么50、William Carlos Williams 威廉•卡罗斯•威廉斯1883-1963 收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集:Sour Grapes;Spring and All 春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love 爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel 布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson 佩特森（5 卷长诗）;AsphodaLThat Green Flower 常青花日光乂（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow 红色手推车;The Widow's Lament in Spring 寡妇的春怨；The Dead Baby;The Sparrow z to My Father 麻雀一致父亲proletarian Portrait 无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr 先驱）；The Great American Novels 伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain 美国性格;Autobiography 自传56、Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳•安•波特1890-1980 Flowering Judas 开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall ） ;Pale Horse.Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories ------------- TheCollected Stories of K A PorterShip of Fools 愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong 千古奇冤（回忆录）59、E Cumings 肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips anddd Chimneys 郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room 人房间;XL】Poems 诗41 首;Viva 万岁;No, Thanks 不，谢谢;Collected Poems 诗集;Eimi 爱米（访苏游记）63、William Faulkner 威廉•福克纳1897-1962 The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）jSoldiers* Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣:As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）65、Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特•海明威1899-1961 （”迷惘的一代“的代表人物）In Our Time 在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring 春潮;The Sun Also Rises 太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms 永别了,武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing 月生者无所获;The Fifth Column and First FortStories 第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not 贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast 到处逍遥68、Langston Hughes 詹姆斯•兰斯顿•休斯1902-1969 Mulatto 混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues 疲倦的歌声:bear Lovely Death 亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander 我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选87.Saul Bellow 索尔•贝娄1915・长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;TheAdventure of Augie March 奥基•马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King 雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlars Planet塞姆勒先生的行星jHumboldfsGift洪堡的礼物中篇小说:Seize the bay且乐今朝88、Arthur Miller 阿瑟•米勒1915- Situation Normal 情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck 吉星高照的人;All My Sons 都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman 推销员;The Crucible 严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays 两个星期一的冋忆:After the Fall 堕落之后incident at Vichy 维希事件;The Price 代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business 创世及其他;The Archbishop's Ceiling 大主教的天花板;The American Clock 美国时钟89、Robert Lowell 罗伯特•洛厄尔1917-1977 诗：Lord Wearys Castle威尔利老爷的城堡;Life Studies人生探索名篇：For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead 献给联邦死难士f 自白诗运动90、J D Salinger 杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格1919- 短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇屮篇小说：Franny 弗兰尼;Zooey 卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters 木匠们，把屋梁升高:Seymour：An Introduction 两摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者102^ Allen Ginsburg 艾伦•金斯堡1926- 诗集：Howl and Other Poems 嚎叫及其他（America）（The Beat Generation 垮掉的一代的宣言书和代表作）；Kaddish and Other Poems卡第绪及其他;Plannet News行星消息;The Fall of America美国的衰弱105> Martin Luther King Jr 马丁•路德・金1929-1968 I Have a Dream；Stride Toward Freedom 迈向自由;Strength to Love 爱的力量;Why We Cant Wait?;Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从，纷争还是团结？111、Sam Shepard萨姆•谢泼德1943・剧本：Cowboys牛仔;The Rock Garden岩石花园;Cowboys #2牛仔第二号［Chicago 芝加哥Operation Sidewinder 响尾蛇行动;Meloddrama 情节剧112. Sylvia Plath西尔维亚•普拉斯1932・1963（confessional school自白派）诗集：The Colossus巨人集:Ariel阿里尔集（Daddy;Lady Lazarus拉扎勒斯夫人）;The Uncollected Poems 杂诗集［Crossing the Water 涉水;Winter Trees 小说：The Bell Jar钟形玻璃罩（自传体小说）名诗：Death & Co死亡公司114、Le Roi Jones勒罗依•琼斯1934・诗集:The Dead Lecturer已故的讲师;Black Magic黑色魔术（Incident事件）剧本：Dutchman;The Slave;The Motion of History 历史的运动117> Alice Walker 沃克1944-长篇小说：TheThird Life of Grange Copeland格兰治科普兰的第三次生活;Meridian 梅丽迪安;The Color Purple 紫色名文：The Civil RightsMovement： What Good Was It?短篇小说集:In Love and Trouble 相爱与苦恼;You Cant Keep a Good WomanDown 好女人永不屈服散文集：In Search of Our Mothers*Gardens诗集：Once有一次Revolutionary Petunias革命的牵牛花传记：。

英美文化复习题及答案

英美文化复习题及答案一、单选题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 纽约C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：A2. 美国的国庆日是什么时候？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 1月1日D. 4月23日答案：A3. 莎士比亚是哪国的著名剧作家？A. 英国B. 法国C. 美国D. 德国答案：A4. 美国的总统任期是几年？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 7年答案：A5. 英联邦是由哪些国家组成的？A. 英国及其前殖民地B. 美国及其前殖民地C. 法国及其前殖民地D. 德国及其前殖民地答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的官方语言是________。

答案：英语2. 美国的货币单位是________。

答案：美元3. 英国的国花是________。

答案：玫瑰4. 美国的国花是________。

答案：玫瑰5. 英国的国歌是________。

答案：《天佑女王》三、判断题1. 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部。

（对/错）答案：错2. 美国的首都是华盛顿特区。

（对/错）答案：对3. 英国的国旗被称为“星条旗”。

（对/错）答案：错4. 美国的国旗被称为“星条旗”。

（对/错）答案：对5. 英国和美国都是君主立宪制国家。

（对/错）答案：错四、简答题1. 简述英国和美国的文化差异。

答案：英国和美国虽然在语言上有很多共同点，但在文化上存在显著差异。

英国文化更加保守和传统，重视礼仪和等级制度，而美国文化则更加开放和多元，强调个人主义和自由。

此外，两国在饮食习惯、教育体系、社会价值观等方面也有所不同。

2. 描述英国和美国的主要节日。

答案：英国的主要节日包括圣诞节、复活节、圣乔治节等，而美国的主要节日有独立日、感恩节、圣诞节等。

这些节日不仅反映了两国的历史和文化，也是家庭团聚和社会庆祝的重要时刻。

英美文化学习资料

Chapter One English HistioryI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following.1. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold atC .A. the Battle of Crecy C. the Battle of HastingsB. the Battle of Agincourt D. the Battle of Waterloo2. One of the following did not take place during the Middle Ages. It was D .A. the Norman Conquest C. the Hundred Years WarB. the Crusades D. the “Gunpowder Plot”3. The most famous of the English Crusaders was the Norman king, A .A. Richard Lion-Heart C. King ArthurB. King John D. Alfred the Great4. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a (n) B aristocracy.A. English-speaking C. German-speakingB. French-speaking D. Gaelic-speaking5. In England, the Protestant Reformation began with B .A. King John C. Queen ElizabethB. Henry VIII D. Bloody Mary6. Shakespeare lived in the period of C .A. the Middle Ages C. the Elizabethan ageB. the Victorian age D. the Industrial Revolution7. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during C .A. the Middle Ages C. the Elizabethan ageB. the “grab for Africa” D. the Victorian age8. T he “Gunpowder Plot” took place in the reign of A .A. James I C. Henry VIIIB. Elizabeth I D. Charles I9. The king who believed the “Divine Right” to govern, and who was condemned to death during the English Civil War was C .A. Henry VIII C. Charles IB. James I D. James II10. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s great enemy was B .A. Spain C. AmericaB. France D. Germany11. One of the following did not take place during the eighteenth century in British history. It was D .A. great victories over France C. the loss of her American coloniesB. the Industrial Revolution D. the founding of the modern police force12. The Reform Bill in the eighteenth century in British history was made to A .A. extend the franchise C. encourage inventionsB. develop trade unions D. improve social services13. One of the following was not a characteristic of the Victorian age. DA. It was an age of national development and national optimism.B. It was an age of stability in family life.C. It was an age of imperialism.D. It was an age of lack of belief in religion.14. One of the following did not take place between the two world wars in British history. It was A .A. the “suffragette” movementB. the independence of the southern part of IrelandC. the great “slump”D. the General Strike15. Which of the following did not take place after the Second World War in British history? CA. The independence of the colonies of the old British empireB. The availability of TV sets and cars to almost every homeC. The “suffragette” movementD. The founding of the “Welfare State”II. Fill in the Blanks1. The Crusades were a series of wars in which armies from all over Europe tried to snatch the “” (i. e. Palestine, where Jesus Christ once lived) from the .2. In British history, the great rivals of the king’s authority during the Middle Ages wereand the local chiefs, called .3. All the kings of the Middle Ages in Britain spoke as their mother tongue, and after the Hundred Years’ War, the language took its place.4. During the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, English bowmen defeated the heavily armed French knights in the famous Battles of and , and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands.5. The sixteenth century was the age of great voyages of discovery. and were the two great sailors who started the age of discovery.7. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in Britain in the reign of .8. Most people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is .The other is .9. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was .10. The English Civil War resulted in the temporary overthrow of the , and the country became for morethan ten years a sort of republic founded by .11. In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead” supported while the “Cavalier” supported.14. The longest reign in British history was the monarch of the great Queen Victoria, which lasted from the yearto .15. The Origin of Species was written by .17. After World War II, the first two colonies of the old British Empire that became free were ___ and .III. Explanation1. the Hundred Years’ War(1) A war between England and France which lasted, on and off, for a hundred years from 1337 to 1453. (2) It wasfought entirely in France, and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands in the famous battles of Crecy and Agincourt. (3) Eventually, partly through the inspiration of the brave girl Joan of Arc, and partly through the effective use of guns, the French drove the English from their land for good.2. the Catholic Church(1) It refers to the Christian church headed by the Pope. (2) All members of the church accept the gospel of Christand the teachings of the Bible. Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy.” (3) In the Middle Ages, the Pope was extremely powerful. (4) In the sixteenth century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by Catholics. 3. the Elizabethan age(1) It refers to the period during the reign of Elizabeth I in British history. (2) It was an age of real literaryachievement, especially that of Shakespeare, and (3) it was an age of adventure on the sea.AnswersI . Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1.;2.;3. A;4. B;5. B;6. C;7. C;8.A;9. C; 10. B; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. A; 15. CII. Fill in the Blanks1.; the Muslims2. the Church; barons3. French; English4. Crecy; Agincourt5. Columbus; Vasco da Gama7. Elizabeth I8. literature; adventure on the sea9. Sir Francis Drake10. monarchy; Oliver Cromwell11. the Parliament; the King (or King CharlesI)14. 1837; 190115. Charles Darwin17. India; PakistanChapter Two British Government SystemI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. Queen Elizabeth n is “Defender of the Faith”, because ______.A. she is the spiritual leader of the Church of EnglandB. she is the head of the Church of EnglandC. she is the personification of the state.D. she is the symbol of the English values.2. Which of the following is not true?A. The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council.B. The Queen receives reports of cabinet meetings in her weekly sessions with the Prime Minister.C. The Queen must take sides when a dispute arises in the Cabinet.D. The Queen is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life.3. Which of the following is not true?A. The Queen is a symbol of the parliamentary democracy.B. She is a symbol of British culture.C. She is a symbol of English tradition.D. She is a symbol of English way of life.4. Which of the following is not a part of the Conventions of the constitution?A. The powers of the Crown are exercised mainly by Ministers.B. The Queen must act on the advice of Ministers.C. MPs enjoy freedom of speech in debate.D. Ministers are responsible to Parliament for their actions.5. How often does the General Election take place?A. At least every three years. C. At least every five years.B. At least every four years. D. At least every six years.6. Why are so many party members elected to Parliament in each Election in Britain?A. Because party members usually enjoy better reputation.B. Because party members have more experience in forming a government.C. Because party members have the backing of nationwide organizations.D. Because people trust party members to a greater degree.7. The executive power is in the hands of _____.A. Parliament C. the Cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterB. the House of Commons D. the Queen8. The real centre of power in Parliament is _____.A. the Queen C. the House of LordsB. the House of Commons D. the Cabinet9. Which of the following is not one of the functions that Parliament plays?A. To serve as the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases.B. To make laws.C. To control and criticize the executive government.D. To control the raising and the spending of money.10. The real power of the British government lies in _____.A. the House of Commons C. the Prime MinisterB. the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister D. the Queen11. Which of the following is the Act that restricted the powers of the Lords in dealing with money?A. The Parliament Act of 1901 C. The Bill of Rights in 1689B. The Parliament Act of 1911 D. The Act of Settlement in 170112. The real power of the House of Lords lies in ____.A. helping to pass money bills C. discussing billsB. delaying bills D. being Supreme Court13. Which of the following is not correct?A. The Speaker presides over the meetings in the House of Commons and sees that procedure is followed.B. The Speaker has the highest power in the House of Commons, he usually takes sides and joins the debates.C. The Speaker controls the debates, seeing that Members do not stray too far from the subject of debate.D. The Speaker interprets the rule of procedure and settles any disputes as to whether things are beingproperly done.14. According to the text, which of the following is the most important privilege enjoyed by MPs?A. Freedom of speech in Parliament. C. High living standards.B. High social status. D. Involvement in law-making.15. Which of the following sentences in true?A. The two big parties have been successful in expanding their powers over recent years.B. The strength of the big parties remains unchanged.C. Members of the two big parties no longer dominate Parliament.D. The two big parties have declined over recent years.II. Fill in the Blanks1. __________ is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom.2. A1l English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for _________.3. The highest of all honors conferred by the British Queen is __________.4. The British Constitution consists mainly of the following five parts mentioned in the text:(1)__________; (2)__________; (3)__________; (4)__________ and(5)__________.5. A General Election takes place at least every __________ years. In each General Election, ________ are elected members of Parliament.6. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements 1)______; (2)________;(3)________.7. The supreme law-making authority in Britain is _________.12. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ___________.13. The executive power of the government is vested mainly in the __________.14. The real centre of power in Parliament is ______; the excusive government is responsible to ______.15. The House of Lords has no Power where ______ Bills are concerned. All other Bills the Lords can only holdup for ________.17. Parliament has three main functions: (1)___________; (2)___________ and (3)_________.18. The present monarch of Britain is _________, her role mainly ___________.III. Explain Each of the Following in English1. British Parliament(1) It includes three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. (2) It is the supreme law-making authority in Britain. (3) The real centre of parliamentary power is in the House of Commons. (4) Other functions include: to control and criticize the executive government; to control the raising and the spending of money.2. the British Constitution(l) It is unwritten. (2) Its components include Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege. (3) It is more flexible than the written ones in other countries.3. General Election(1) General Election is held at least every five years. (2) The country is divided int0 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament. (3) The one who has the most votes in a constituency becomes a Member of Parliament. (4) The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1) B; 2) C; 3) A; 4)C; 5)C; 6)C; 7)C; 8)B; 9)A; 10)A; 11)B; 12)D; 13)B; 14)A; 15)DII. Fill in the Blanks1. The monarchy2. On Her Majesty’s Service3. the Most Noble Order of the Garter4. Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law, Parliamentary Privilege.5. five; 635.6. the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons.7. Parliament11. The Lord Chancellor12. her ministers13. Cabinet 14. the House of Commons, Parliament15. Money, a year .17. to make laws, to control and criticize theexecutive government, to control the raising and the spending of money.18. Queen Elizabeth II; symbolic.Chapter 3 English LiteratureI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. Among the following four great English poets, who does not belong to the trio of English poetry giants?A. Chaucer. C. Milton.B. Shakespeare. D. Shelley.2. Which of the following was a realistic writer?A. Jonathan Swift C. Percy B Shelley.B. Daniel Defoe. D. Thomas Hardy.3. The King James Bible __________.A. was written by King James IB. Was translated by King James IC. was translated under the order of King James ID. was directed by King James I4. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?A. Drama. C. Poetry.B. Novel. D. Essay.5. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Twelfth Night. C. The Tempest.B. Othello. D. Richard II.6. Which of the following is generally considered as one of the masterpieces by Milton?A. Samson Agonistes C. Canterbury Tales.B. King Lear. D. Don Juan.7. Which of the following was the bitterest satirist?A. Walter Scott. C. Jonathan Swift.B. Daniel Defoe. D. Jane Austen.8. Which of the following was Scottish in origin, and wrote in Scottish dialect?A. Robert Burns. C. William M. Thackeray.B. Edmund Burke. D. George Bernard Shaw.9. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels _____.A. was a novel of hard thrusting satire against the weakness of human beingsB. was a bo ok of the author’s experiences of travels.C. was a children’s book with no political significanceD. was a book about the author’s religious life10. Which of the following was not written by Jane Austen?A. Wuthering Heights. C. Pride and Prejudice.B. Sense and Sensibility. D. Emma.11. Among the following writers, who did not belong to the 20th century?A. John Galsworthy. C. E. M. ForsterB. D. H. Lawrence. D. Oscar Wilde12. When did English literature begin?A. Around 700B.C. C. Around the 8th century.B. After the Norman Conquest. D. Around the 6th century.13. Johnson and James Boswell were twin stars in the 18th century because_____.A. they were good friends.B. they wrote hooks togetherC. Boswell was a writer in his own right and he was as famous as JohnsonD. Boswell wrote Johnson’s biography and became a major literary figure in his own right.14. The writer of The Mill on the Floss was_____.A. Robert Louis Stevenson C. William GoldingB. George Eliot D. W. Somerset Maugham15. Several gifted women have played a part in 20th-century fiction. Which of the following is an exception?A. George Eliot. C. Katherine MansfieldB. Virginia Woolf. D. Elizabeth Bowen.II. Fill in the Blanks1. The study of English literature usually begins with_____.2. The roots of English literature lie deep in the tales of_____ and other Scandinavian countries.3. In the sixteenth century, the most famous writer was_____ who wrote a book called_____ telling of a journey to an imaginary island.4. The most famous work by John Bunyan was called_____.5. Three poets who brought the romantic movement to its height were_____, _____, and_____.6. _____ is regarded as the most important playwright after Shakespeare.7. The use of stream of consciousness was first started by_____, whose masterpiece was_____.8. Name two of the plays written by George Bernard Shaw:_____, _____.9. The author of Vanity Fair was_____; Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was done by_____; Charles Dickens wrote_____ and _____ among many other works; The Importance of Being Earnest was written by_____. The representative work of E. M. Forster was_____.10. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories. They are____, _____, and_____. Name one play out of each category: _____,_____, _____.11. _____ i s generally regarded as Chaucer’s masterpiece.12. Daniel Defoe was most famous for _____.13. Emily and Charlotte are noted for their novels _____ and _____ which are largely the love stories of a woman for man.14. D. H. Lawrence was one of the most controversial writers of the early 20th century, _____, one of his finest novels, wasbased partly on his own life.Tragedy: Hamlet, King Lear, OthelloComedy: A Midsummer Night’s DreamAs You Like ItTwelfth NightChronicle: Richard IIIPlays: Henry VJulius CaesarIII. Explanations1. The Canterbury Tales(1) It is the masterwork of the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. (2) It is the most important work in Middle English Literature.(3) It is a collection of stories told with superb poetic craft. (4) It gives a cross-section of medieval life.2. William Shakespeare(1) He was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. (2) He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. (3) His plays fall into three categories: tragedy, such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello; comedy, such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream,As You Like It ,Twelfth Night; and chronicle plays, such as Henry V, Julius Caesar.3. Romantic Literature of the 19th century(1) It refers to a movement in literature during the first third of the 19th century. (2) The central figures of this movement are Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats and Shelley. (3)Their writings are characterized by rich imagination and strong feeling.4. Victorian literature(1) It refers roughly to the literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria. (2) The romantic spirit ceased to be aleading influence. (3) Historical and philosophical writing continued to flourish along with poetry and fiction. (4) Satire and protest against evils in society became strong elements. (5) The later years of the period saw modern kinds of realistic writing and some authors who showed a new, deeper understanding of character.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. D;2. D;3. C;4. A;5. B;6. A;7. C;8. A;9. A; 10. A; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. B; 15. AII. Fill in the Blanks1. Beowulf2. Denmark3. Thomas More; Utopia4. Pilgrim’s Progress5. Lord Byron, John Keats; Percy Shelley6. George Bernard Shaw7. James Joyce, Ulysses8. Major Babara, Man and Superman9. William M. Thackeray; Lewis Carroll; David Copperfield, Oliver Twist;Oscar Wilde; A passage to India 10. comedies; tragedies; historical plays;Twelfth Night, King Lear, Julius Caesar11. The Canterbury Tales12. Robinson Crusoe13. Wuthering Heights; Jane Eyre14. Sons and LoversChapter 4 Character and MannersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is .A. reserve C. sense of humorB. modesty D. sportsmanship2. If you meet a stranger from Britain, which of the following questions can you ask him?A. How old are you? C. How often do you travel abroad?B. When did you buy your watch? D. What’s your salary?3. In Britain, the following conducts are considered ill-bred except .A. loud speechB. self-praiseC. exchanging handshakes on a first introductionD. laughing at a cripple4. In Britain, if a person is very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply.A. I’m not bad. C. I think I’m quite good.B. Yes. D. Well, I’m very keen on tennis.5. English sense of humour is characterized by .A. self-praise C. self-deprecationB. self-confidence D. self-exaggeration6. Humor is highly prized in England, however, the English do not laugh at .A. one’s own faults C. one’s own failuresB. one’s own ideals D. a tragedy7. Which of the following is not true about the typical Englishman?A. He likes to think of himself as more reliable.B. He distrusts exaggerated promises.C. He is distrustful of any kind of self-praise.D. He doesn't expect reserve in others.8. The terms such as “never hit a man when he’s down” and “playing fair” reflect a sense of .A. humor C. sportsmanshipB. modesty D. responsibility9. Which of the following is not true about the English class system?A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.D. The class system still exists below the surface.10. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in England is their .A. dress C. workB. accent D. meal11. British habits of politeness are on the whole very .A. informal C. formalB. complicated D. odd12. If you are invited to an evening meal in a British home, which of the following is considered impolite?A. To arrive early.B. To arrive ten minutes late.C. To pay attention to table manners.D. To take your leave between ten and eleven o' clock.13. In Britain, you can usually offer money to .A. a driver who gives you a liftB. someone who stops to help you to mend a punctureC. someone who gives you first aidD. railway porters who carry your baggage14. If old people are respected in Britain, it is because .A. old age and seniority command authority among the BritishB. modern development needs the experience of old peopleC. old people are felt to be in need of protection and supportD. they always keep pace with the times15. Which of the following is not true about politeness in Britain?A. British greetings are complicated.B. British people do not readily ask each other to do anything which would involve real inconvenience.C. The British are rather particular about table manners.D. Politeness towards women is less observed today than it used to he.II. Fill in the Blanks1. Geographically speaking, the people of the and , especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the and in Britain.2. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relation with others they value at least a show of .3. Prince Philip once said that is “God’s greatest gift to mankind.”4. Boxing, rugby, association football, hockey, tennis and cricket were all first organized and given rules in the country .5. The middle class in Britain consists chiefly of _ _ and of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of and workers.6. In England, middle-class people using slightly varying kinds of which is the kind of English spoken by ____ announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class speak in many different __ accents, which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated.7. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the education system. To have been to a “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the class.III. Explanations1. English sportsmanship(1) Sportsmanship is an English ideal that is highly valued in Britain. (2) Sportsmanship is the ability topractise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosit y to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. (3) Sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech.2. English class system(1) As a social convention, the English class system is much less rigid than it was, but it still exists below thesurface. (2) Br oadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and t he “working class”. The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do business men and professional people of all kinds; the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. (3) The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. The middle classes also tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. A;2. C;3. C;4. B;5. C;6. D;7. D;8. C;9. B; 10. B;11. A; 12. A; 13. D; 14. C; 15. AⅡ. Fill in the Blanks1. North; West; South; East2. modesty3. a sense of humor4. Britain5. well-to-do business men; professional people;manual; unskilled6. received pronunciation; BBC; local7. two-class; middleChapter 5 EducationⅠ. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to .A. public schools C. State schoolsB. private schools D. voluntary schools2. In British education, boys and girls are usually separated in .A. inf ants’ schools C. universitiesB. junior schools D. university colleges3. The “eleven plus” is the examination taken by children in their last year at .A. nursery school C. prep schoolB. primary school D. secondary school4. In the examination called th e “eleven plus”, studen ts with the highest marks go to .A. grammar schools C. secondary modern schoolsB. technical schools D. public schools5. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called .A. the Certificate of Secondary EducationB. the Ordinary level of the General Certificate of EducationC. the Advanced level of the General Certificate M EducationD. the common entrance examination6. Public schools in England are usually attended by those whose parents are .A. rich C. both rich and politically conservativeB. politically conservative D. liberal7. About of income of British universities is provided by the State.A. one-quarter C. three-quartersB. half D. one-third8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Open University?A. It is open to everybody.B. It is non-residential.C. Lectures are broadcast on TV and radio.D. No university degree is awarded.9. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?A. Education is chaotic.B. Education is very expensive.C. Education is highly centralized.D. Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.10. Which of the following does not reflect the characteristic of freedom in British education?A. No centralized control from the central government.B. The different types of schools.C. The diverse system of university degrees.。

英美文化概况复习资料（精品文档）_共6页

英美文化概况复习资料（精品文档）_共6页美国社会生活练习1. The popular kind of family in America is _____ family. A 核心家庭A. nucleusB. looseC. largeD. blend2. Thanksgiving Day is originated in _____. BA. EnglandB. AmericaC. ScotlandD. Canada3. The “senior citizens” in the social centres refer to _____. DA. high officialsB. professorsC. presidentD. old people4. Most Americans are _____ from different countries. C 移民移出A. blacksB. IndiansC. emigrantsD. immigrants（移入移民）5. Valentine’s Day falls on _____.CA. July 4thB. March 21stC. February 14th6. On Easter Sunday people usually have lamb and ham as their main meat. For children lamb is the symbol of _____. BA. good luckB. the sacrifice of ChristC. the tomb from which Christ rose7. American Independence Day fall on _____. A 7.4A. the 4th of JulyB. October 31stC. March 20th8. Halloween is a _____. B 万圣节A. summer festivalB. night-time festivalC. sweethearts’ holidayD. pilgrims holiday9. A hamburger is usually made from _____. AA. beefB. porkC. combination of beef and pork10. The outstanding characteristic of American society is the diversity of _____. CA. climateB. industryC. people11. Sometimes two couples go out together. This is known as _____. CA. steady datingB. casual datingC. double datingD. blind datingABDCC BABAC C美国地理1. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____. CA. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming2. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River. AA. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana3. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States. CA. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan4. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”. A (费城)A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston5. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____. CA. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami6. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____. AA. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria7. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean. C (太平洋)A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific8. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A. CA. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska9. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world. CA. thirdB. fifthC. fourth10. There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A. BA. 8B. 3C. 611. Detroit is famous for the production of _____. AA. automobileB. timberC. bamboo12. The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”. BA. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco13. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America. BA. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans14. The largest industrial city in America is _____ . AA. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston15. _____ is famous for many stores and shops. CA. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth AvenueCACAC ACCCB ABBAC美国文化练习1. At the end of WWII the art centre of the world moved from _____ to the new world. AA. ParisB. LondonC. Berlin2. _____ is regarded as the father of detective stories. BA. Mark TwainB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville3. _____ is the first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature. AA. Sinclair LewisB. Saul BellowC. Ernest Hemingway4. Yale University was founded in _____. AA. 1701B. 1746C. 17495. The greatest American playwright is _____. BA. Arthur MillerB. Eugene O’NeilC. Robert Frost6. _____ belonged to the Lost Generation. AA. Ernest HemingwayB. Wilt WhitmanC. Tennessee Williams7. The most popular sport in America is _____. AA. baseballB. basketballC. football8. After his death a bust of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was placed in the poet’s corner of _____. AA. Westminster AbbeyB. camp of Cambridge UniversityC. Oxford University9. _____ is the earliest university in America. AA. HarvardB. YaleC. Rhode Island10. In America about _____ of the universities and colleges are private. CA. 1/2B. 1/3C. 1/4D. 1/511. Blues is a music of strong rhythm, which was originally sung by _____. AA. NegroesB. IndiansC. Europeans12. The Father of American literature was _____. BA. Mark TwainB. Washington IrvingC. Walt WhitmanD. Jack LondonABAAB AAAAC AB1. What were the causes of the War of Independence? ——The economy in the thirteen colonies developed very fast and people wanted more power to determine their own business. But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies. On April 19, 1775, on their way to Concord to seize the military supplies of the militia there, the British soldiers met armed militiamen. The shots were fired, the War of Independence began.2. Why did the Civil War break out?How did the war end? —— In the early 1800s, the Northern states turned from farming to manufacturing. Black slavery soon disappeared in the North. But things were different in the South. The South expanded both its agriculture and its slavery. The problem of slavery became a serous political issue. The abolitionists tried to abolish slavery while the South tried to keep it. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern states broke away and formed a new nation. Then Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union and the war broke out on April 12, 1861, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued Emancipation Proclamation. Thus England and France stood by the Union’s side. Many black slaves joined the Union Army. After a series of battles, Robert Lee could no longer hold Richmond. Hesurrendered on April 9, 1865. The Civil War ended.3. What was the impact of the Vietnam War-on American society? —— The Vietnam War had a great impact on American society. (1) The United States was weakened as a result of the long war. (2) American society had never been so divided since the Civil War. (3) There was serious disagreement with in the ruling circle. (4) The image of the United States, especially the image of the American armed forces, was discredited.4. What are the functions of the Congress? ——The Congress has many functions, but the most central is the passage of law. One of the most important non-legislative functions of the Congress is the power to investigate. A second important power is to compel testimony from unwilling witness and to cite for contempt of Congress witness who refuse to testify, and for perjury those who give false testimony.英国概况1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____. AA. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parallel classes. A. grade B. form C. streams C3. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____. AA. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14274. There are over _____ universities in Britain. B A. thirty B.forty C. fifty5. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels andby radio.A. open B. new C. middle aged A6. The second centre of the British press is in _____. CA. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester7. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____. B(义务必修)A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught8. The oldest university in Britain is __C___. A. Cambridge B. Edinburgh C. Oxford9. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation. A. 1922, 1927 B. 1292, 1297 C. 1822, 1827 A10. The BBC is mainly financed by _____. AA. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government11. _____ is regarded as the most English of games. A(板球)A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger12. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain. B(英式足球)A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball13. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world. A. hockey B. tennis C. netball B（冰球）14. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport. A. Horse B. Boat C. Dog A15. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____. A（英国皇家学会）A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176016. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor. B（苏格兰）A. IrishB. ScottishC. English17. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century. A约翰道尔顿原子学说A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle18. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____. A 进化论A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology19. _____ is considered the father of English poetry. AA. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne20. Big Ben is the nickname of _____. CA. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower21. You could find the world-famous Speakers’ Corner in _____. BA. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Westminster Abbey22. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London. CA. WhitehallB. St. Paul’s CathedralC. Westminster Abbey23. _____ is the monarch’s present London home. B （白金汉宫）A. Westminster PalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC. Whitehall Palace24. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564. AA. William ShakespeareB. Charles DickensC. Samuel Butler26 The river Thames is in _____. CA WalesB ScotlandC EnglandD Northern Ireland27 The Industrial Revolution started in _____. AA the Great BritainB the United StatesC CanadaD Austra28 Big Ben was named after _____. BA Christopher WrenB Benjamin HallC Ben JohnD G. Stephenson29The Capital of Wales is _____. B （加的夫）A SwanseaB CardiffC RhondaD Belfast30 There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____.A the Liberal PartyB the Democratic PartyC the Labour PartyD the Republican Party C ACABA CBCAA ABBAA BAAAC BCBAC ABBC英国社会生活Social Life1. Most British couples go to _____ to have their wedding ceremony. AA. churchB. concertC. registry office2. The best-known quality of the British people is their _____. B（排外性）A. conservativenessB. exclusivenessC. phlegm3. Three “Don’ts” include the following except _____. DA. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while shoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults4. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _____. CA. priceB. taxC. weatherD. sports5. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on _____. A. horse racing B. Bingo C. football pools D. dog racing A6. The three royal traditions are the following except _____. DA. playing the fluteB. the changing of the Queen’s guardC. making a parliamentary speech by QueenD. watching the horse racing7. During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _____ weeks of paid holiday. A. four B. five C. three A8. State schools usually have _____ weeks of summer holidays. AA. sixB. sevenC. five9. The purely personal festival in Britain is _____. CA. Mothers’ DayB. Fathers’ DayC. birthday10. Boxing Day is on _____. A. the first weekday after Christmas （节礼日）B. the following day of ChristmasC. the last Sunday of December A11. The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few _____ coins hidden in it. A. gold B. silver C. copper B12. At the age of _____, most men retire from their employment. BA. sixtyB. sixty-fiveC. fifty-five13. Buddhism was founded in the _____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni. B（佛教）A. 6thB. 7thC. 8th14. Islam was founded in the _____ century by Mohammed. CA. 7thB. 8thC. 9th15. Christianity came into being in the _____ century. AA. firstB. secondC. thirdABDCA DAACA BBAAAGeography1. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. AA. north to southB. south to northC. east to west2. London is situated on the River of _____. BA. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey3. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. BA. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales4. Britain is basically an importer of _____. DA. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B5. British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of the population. AA. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/26. Britain’s main cereal crop is _____. A. oats B. corn C. barleyD. rye C 大麦7. The second largest port in Britain is __C__. A. London B. Belfast C. Liverpool8. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____. A. coal B. ironC. goldD. tin C9. The decrease of British population is caused by thefollowing except _____. DA. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment10. The second largest city in England is _____. BA. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. ManchesterABBDA CCCDB1. the Hundred Years’ WarIt referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.2. the Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.3. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?——The sovereign is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the crown and the “supreme governor”of the established church of England.4 What are the features of British climate?Britain has a maritime climate. Winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varieswithin a small range.。

英美文化复习题

英美⽂化复习题《英美⽂化》复习题AI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.2. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.3. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.4. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was_____________.5. The roots of the English language go back to __________________.6. The history of English really began around the year AD 450 when the three Germanic tribesof ___________, Saxons and Jutes invaded England in succession.7. All English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for________________________.8. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords, and_________________.9. Britain, unlike France and the USA, has no __________ constitution.10. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ________________.11. Two states are separated from continental US; that is Hawaii in the __________ Ocean andAlaska to the northwest of Canada.12.The first successful English colony in the America was founded at_____________________in 1607.13. In 1626, Dutch settlers built the town of New Amsterdam which was later renamed by theEnglish as _____________.14. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired at _______________ onApril 19, 1775.15. in 1620, a group of Puritans, called Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship ___________and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts.16. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by __________________.17. On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issues ___________________________ whichgranted freedom to all slaves in Confederate states.18. In April 1865, ________________ surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox CourtHouse.19. In US, the state executive power is given to the governor while the federal executivepower is given to the ____________.20. The theme of American literature is the record of _______________________.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1.The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from ________.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the NormansD. the Germans2. Christianity was introduced into Britain by ________.A. the CeltsB. the GermansC. the Viking DanesD. the Romans3. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of the Englishman?A. reservedB. toughC. shy of strangersD. suspicious of change4. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo5. Shakespeare lived in the period of ________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian AgeC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial Revolution6. The stereotyped images of Indians that most other Americans have are from________.A. Western moviesB. the mutual contactC. the visits of IndiansD. research by anthropologists7. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home8. Who invented the detective story?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne9. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century?A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook Farm10. How many continental states were there at the time of independence of the United States?A. 35B. 48C. 13D. 50III. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. the Norman Conquest2. the “lost generation”3. New England4. the Industrial Revolution5. the Westward MovementIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What do you know about the American Civil War?2. What is the Hundred Years’ War in British history?3. How do you define the Victorian age?4. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?5. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?6. What is the principle of “balance of power”?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. Why is William Shakespeare so important in English literature?2. What is the origin of Thanksgiving Day?《英美⽂化》复习题BI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. The study of English literature usually begins with _____________.2. In the sixteenth century, the most famous British writer Thomas More wrote a book called __________ telling of a journey to an imaginary island.3. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.4. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.5. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.6. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was_____________.7. The roots of the English language go back to __________________.8. The history of English really began around the year AD 450 when the three Germanic tribesof ___________, Saxons and Jutes invaded England in succession.9. The first American writer to win the Nobel Prize for literature was ________________.10. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is written by _____________________.11. Henry David Thoreau’s masterpiece _______________ is a record of his experience ofliving alone for two years in a cabin beside Walden Pond.12. The Call of the Wild, written by American writer_________________, is an exciting taleof a man and a dog in Alaska during gold rush days.13. A Farewell to Arms is a famous novel written by American writer____________________.14. All American children are offered _______ years of free public education.15. The typical food for a traditional Thanksgiving dinner are____________ and pumpkin pie.16. Former President_________ said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.17. The holy book of Christianity is ______________; it consists of two parts, the OldTestament and the New Testament.18. The two oldest universities in Britain are ____________ and Cambridge.19. The head of the Commonwealth is __________________.20. The use of stream of consciousness was first started ________________, whosemasterpiece was Ulysses.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? ______A. Twelfth NightB. The TempestC. OthelloD. Richard II2. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature? ______A. DramaB. PoetryC. NovelD. Essay3. The Church of England is “established” in________.A. the whole of BritainB. England and WalesC. England and ScotlandD. England only4. The first American Thanksgiving was hosted by________.A. the IndiansB. the PilgrimsC. the Spanish settlersD. the French settlers5. The first group of English Puritans to land in America called themselves “Pilgrims”because________.A. it was the name of their churchB. they had been persecutedC. they had wandered for a great distance in search of freedomD. they came fromHolland6. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s greatest enemy was________.A. FranceB. AmericaC. GermanyD. Spain7. In the three centuries following 1066, the literary works of England were written in________.A. English onlyB. English and FrenchC. English and LatinD. English, French and Latin8. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home9. Who invented the detective story? ________A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne10. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century? ________A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook FarmIII. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. New England2. Mayflower3. the Norman Conquest4. Cowboys5. the Westward MovementIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?2. What do you know about the American Civil War?3. How much do you know Jesus Christ?4. How do you define the Victorian age?5. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?6. What is the Industrial Revolution?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. What are the elements and functions of British Parliament? Discuss the role of each element and explain briefly.2. What is the origin of Thanksgiving Day?《英美⽂化》复习题CI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. Britain, unlike France and the USA, has no __________ constitution.2. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ________________.3. Two states are separated from continental US; that is Hawaii in the __________ Ocean andAlaska to the northwest of Canada.4. The first successful English colony in the America was founded at_____________________in 1607.5. In 1626, Dutch settlers built the town of New Amsterdam which was later renamed by theEnglish as _____________.6. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired at _______________ on April19, 1775.7. In 1620, a group of Puritans, called Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship ___________and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts.8. All American children are offered _______ years of free public education.9. The typical food for a traditional Thanksgiving dinner are____________ and pumpkin pie.10. Former President_________ said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.11. The holy book of Christianity is ______________; it consists of two parts, the OldTestament and the New Testament.12. The two oldest universities in Britain are ____________ and Cambridge.13. The head of the Commonwealth is __________________.14. The use of stream of consciousness was first started ________________, whosemasterpiece was Ulysses.15. The most important Middle English poet was________.16. The real center of power in Parliament is________.17. The study of English literature usually begins with _____________.18. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.19. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.20. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s greatest enemy was________.A. FranceB. AmericaC. GermanyD. Spain2. In the three centuries following 1066, the literary works of England were written in________.A. English onlyB. English and FrenchC. English and LatinD. English, French and Latin3. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home4. Who invented the detective story?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne5. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century?A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook Farm6.The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from ________.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the NormansD. the Germans7. Christianity was introduced into Britain by ________.A. the CeltsB. the GermansC. the Viking DanesD. the Romans8. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of the Englishman?A. reservedB. toughC. shy of strangersD. suspicious of change9. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating theSaxon king Harold at________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo10. Shakespeare lived in the period of ________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian AgeC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial RevolutionIII. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. the Elizabethan age2. the Westward Movement3. Cowboys4. the “lost generation”5. the Norman ConquestIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What do you know about the American War of Independence?2. What do you know about the American Civil War?3. How do you understand the Great Depression in America?4. What is the principle of “balance of power”?5. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?6. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. What are the elements and functions of British Parliament? Discuss the role of each element and explain briefly.2. Why is William Shakespeare so important in English literature?。

英美文化

《英美文化》课程期末复习范围题型及范围1、多项选择题(20%)PPt后多项选择练习2、名词解释(15%，about 40 words)Norman Conquest; House of Lords; Chartist Movement; Lord Chancellor;Gold Rush; Mayflower; Louisiana Purchase; House of Representatives;3、简答题(15%，about 40 words)1. Who was Christopher Columbus?2. What is the climate in Britain like?3. What natural resources is Britain blessed with?4. What are the major causes of the decline of the British economy?5. What are American industries characterized by?6. What are the primary features of the political system of the USA?7. What are the three branches in the constitution of USA?8. Who do you think are among the outstanding leaders in the American Civil War? 4、阅读理解(20%)课外英语阅读理解练习5、论述题(30%，about 100-120 words)1.Why is it said that English people tend to be rather conservative? And what’s your comment about it?2. What are the large rivers and lakes you know in Britain? Point out their length or size.3. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? And what do you learn from her story of success?4. Why has the United States long been known as a melting pot? What’s your comment about it?5. What geographic features of the United State of America impress you most? Please give your personal comment.6. How do you understand the differences between Chinese government and the American government?。

英美文化100题(精品文档)_共7页

《英美概况》1. The colonial life can be described as the following except ___b__.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. Hard2. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at __a___.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston3. The first ten amendments, known as ___a__, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights4. The pamphlet “Common Sense” was written by __b___.A. Thomas EdisonB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson5. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly ___b__ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/36. In 1844 the U.S. forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of ___b__.A. WangxiaB. NanjingC. Tianjin7. The __a___ stopped the Holy Alliance’s program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Sedition ActC. Holy Alliance8. __b___ was the first president who developed the power of vote into one of the means of making laws.A. John AdamsB. Andrew JacksonC. Andrew Johnson9. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the __b___, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B10. The Battle of __b___ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond11. McCarthy was notorious for his harsh ___c__ persecution of the progressive people.A. religiousB. spiritualC. Political12. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the __a___.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people13. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called “__a___”, invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill14. The assassination of a (n) __c___ prince, Arch Duke Fedinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria15. In April 1945 a conference was held at __a___ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia16. The two fighting sides in WWII were ___a__.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies17. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called __c___ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighbourB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal18. The __c___ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War19. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the ____c_.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union (2 ban stopped here)20. The Second World War broke out in September, ____a_ and ended in August _____.A. 1939, 1945B. 1937, 1943C. 1938, 194521. The Battle of ___a__ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy22. On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbour, was suddenly attacked by the __c___ air force and navy.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. Japanese23. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including ___b__ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and B24. In 1945 a conference was held in ___a__ to found the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. ChicagoC. New York25. President Nixon visited China in _c____.A. 1973B. 1974C. 197226. ____c_ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore RooseveltB. George WashingtonC. FranklinD. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson27. The city’s name “Philadelphia” means __a___.A. brotherly loveB. fishing pitC. philosophy28. Only the climate in the southern part of ___a__ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia29. About ____b_ of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds30. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _b____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky31. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except __c___.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami32. Texas, having belonged to __c___, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico33. The City St. Louis in America is called the gateway towards the __b___.A. EastB. WestC. NortheastD. Southwest34. The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of __a___.A. PittsburghB. ChicagoC. New York35. The largest industrial city in America is ___a__.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston36. __c___ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue37. In __a___, people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical Park.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco38. Boston is situated in Boston Bay, __b___.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut39.In “Song of Myself”, Whitman writes that ________. cA. woman is not worth mentioningB. woman is not as great as manC. woman as the mother of human beings is the greatestD. none of the above40.The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ________. bA. friendship and happinessB. peace and plentyC. cooperation and rich rewardD. love and happiness41. London is situated on the River of __b___A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey42. Edinburgh is the capital of ___b__.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales43. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a __A___.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising44. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the ___A__.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval45. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in ____A_ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178446. The Battle of Hastings took place in __c___.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106647. William Shakespeare is mainly a __b___.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet48. England first became a sea power in the time of ___B__.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in ___B__.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was __A___.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon51. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is __A___.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters52. ___B__ is the monarch’s present London home.A. Westminster PalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC. Whitehall Palace53. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where __A___ was born in 1564.A. William ShakespeareB. Charles DickensC. Samuel Butler54. The famous story __A___ helps Washington Irving earn great fame in the literary world.A. “Rip Van Winkle”B. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”C. “The Adventures of a German Student”55. __B___ is regarded as the father of detective stories.A. Mark TwainB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville56. ___A__ is the first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature.A. Sinclair LewisB. Saul BellowC. Ernest Hemingway57. The greatest American playwright is __B___.A. Arthur MillerB. Eugene O’NeilC. Robert Frost58. ___A__ belonged to the Lost Generation.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Wilt WhitmanC. Tennessee Williams59. The most popular sport in America is __B___.A. baseballB. basketballC. football60. After his death a bust of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was placed in the poet’s corner of ____A_.A. Westminster AbbeyB. camp of Cambridge UniversityC. Oxford University61. For his work, ___B__ was honoured “The Harlem Laureate”.A. Robert FrostB. Langston HughsC. Walt Whitman62. Arthur Miller’s Masterpiece is __A___.A. Death of a SalesmanB. The CrucibleC. The Price63. __A___ is the earliest university in America.A. HarvardB. YaleC. Rhode Island64. The Father of American literature was ___A__.A. Mark TwainB. Washington IrvingC. Walt WhitmanD. Jack London65. Valentine’s Day falls on _____.A. July 4thB. March 21stC. February 14th66. A hamburger is usually made from __A___.A. beefB. porkC. combination of beef and pork67. In America snack bars and coffee shops are usually __A___.A. cheapB. expensiveC. formal68. The outstanding characteristic of American society is the diversity of _C____.A. climateB. industryC. people69. Sometimes two couples go out together. This is known as __C___.A. steady datingB. casual datingC. double datingD. blind dating70. The popular American belief is _B____.A. part-time workingB. self-made manC. manual labour(Class 1 stopped here)71．William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as _________.A．William Rufus B．William the ConfessorC．William the Great D．William the Conqueror72．In Britain,________ is the symbol of the whole nation.A．the Queen B．the Prime Minister C．the Prince D．the Parliament73．Easter is the chief Christian festival, which celebrates________.A．the birth of Jesus Christ B．the Resurrection of Jesus ChristC．the coming of spring D．the revival of Christianity74．Which work praised the idea of equality and democracy and also celebrated the dignity, the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man? AA．Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman.B．Self-reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson.C．Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain.D．Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser.75.In 1620,_____ sailed to the New World in a ship called “Mayflower".A. the PuritansB. the PilgrimsC. the English noblesD. the English poor76.In his inaugural speech,_____ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself".A. Woodrew WilsonB. Theodore RooseveltC. FranklinD.Roosevelt D. George Washington77.The telephone was invented in 1876 by _____.A. Thomas EdisonB. Alexander BellC. George WestinghouseD. Albert Einstein78.After Charles I was beheaded,_____ became Lord Protector and exercised bourgeois dictatorship.A. James IIB. CrownwellC. Charles IID. Elizabeth I79.Westminster Abbey is well known for its _____ which has been the traditional burial ground of the most famous English poets.A. Speaker's CornerB. London TowerC. Poets' CornerD. archbishop80.The nobles forced King John to sign _____ on June 15,1215.A. the Great CharterB. the People’s CharterC. the Declaration of BtredaD. the Bill of Rights81.Britain’s climate is characterized by _____.A. cold winter and hot summerB. spring all the year roundC. fog and droughtD. mild temperature and plentiful rainfall82.The Pentagon is a large building which houses the US _____ Department.A. Foreign AffairsB. DefenseC. CulturalD. Development83._____ is the pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens.A. Walt WhitmanB. Mark TwainC. Bret HarteD. Henry84. ________ began in the early 20th century as a music of black Americans.A. JazzB. Rock and RollC. Country musicD. Both B and C.85. Uncle Tom’s Cabin gives a vivid description of the ________.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. Native IndiansD. Black slaves86.America was named after_____________.A. Italian navigator ColumbusB. navigator Amerigo VespucciC. some Indian chieftainD. George Washington, founding father of the United States87.The eldest son of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ,Prince Charles, Prince of_________, is the heir to the throne.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland88. John Milton’s greatest poetical work ______________ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A. AreopagiticaB. Paradise LostC. LycidasD. Samson Agonistes89. Charles Dickens’ novel ___________ is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the nineteenth-century London.A. The Pickwick PaperB. Oliver TwistC. David CopperfieldD. Nicholas Nickleby90. As a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, _____________ marks the climax of Mark Twain’s literary activity.A. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. Life on the MississippiC. The Gilded AgeD. Roughing It91. “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from___________.A. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Sense and Sensibility92. Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are _____________.A. Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, HamletB. Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of VeniceC. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD. Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Othello, Hamlet93. The major concern of ___________ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. John Galsworthy’sB. Thomas Hardy’sC. D. H. Lawrence’s D. Charles Dickens’94. The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ________________.A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confession AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight95. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ____________.A. comediesB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. histories96. Spenser’s masterpiece ____________ is a great poem of its time.A. The Faerie QueeneB. The Shepheardes CalenderC. The Canterbury TalesD. Metamorphoses97. _________________ is the essence of the Renaissance.A. PoetryB. DramaC. HumanismD. Reason98. “To be, or not to be---that is the question” is a line taken from____________.A. HamletB. OthelloC. King LearD. The Merchant of Venice99. Daniel Defoe describes __________ as a typical English Middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A. Tom JonesB. GulliverC. Moll FlandersD. Robinson Crusoe100. _____________ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with _________ as his encyclopedia-like masterpiece.A. James Joyce, UlyssesB. E. M. Foster, A Passage to IndiaC. D. H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers D. Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway（BBACC CBCAC ADA）。

英美文学复习资料

英美文学复习资料英美文学复习资料英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，包含了许多经典的文学作品和作家。

通过复习英美文学，我们可以更好地了解西方文化和思想，同时也能够提升自己的语言表达能力和文学素养。

本文将为大家提供一些英美文学复习资料，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

一、英国文学1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。

这些作品被誉为世界文学的瑰宝，展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧才华和对人性的深刻洞察。

2. 简·奥斯汀的小说：《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。

奥斯汀以细腻的笔触和幽默的描写，刻画了当时英国社会的风貌和女性的处境，成为英国文学的代表作家之一。

3. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说：《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。

狄更斯以其对社会问题的关注和对人性的揭示而闻名，他的作品揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面，对社会改革产生了深远影响。

4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说：《达洛维夫人》、《到灯塔去》等。

伍尔夫以其独特的意识流写作风格和对女性问题的关注，开创了现代主义小说的新篇章。

二、美国文学1. 马克·吐温的小说：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。

吐温以其幽默风趣和对美国社会的讽刺洞察而受到广泛赞誉，他的作品展现了美国南方的风土人情和对奴隶制度的批判。

2. 埃米莉·迪金森的诗歌：迪金森的诗歌充满了哲思和深度，她以其独特的写作风格和对生死、爱情等主题的探索而成为美国文学的重要代表。

3. 威廉·福克纳的小说：《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。

福克纳以其复杂的叙事结构和对南方社会的描绘而被誉为美国文学的巨匠，他的作品展现了南方社会的衰落和黑暗。

4. 托尼·莫里森的小说：《亲爱的》、《宠儿》等。

莫里森以其对种族、性别和身份问题的关注而成为美国文学的重要代表，她的作品揭示了美国社会的不公和歧视。

三、阅读技巧和复习建议1. 阅读经典作品时，要注重对文本细节的理解和分析。

英美文化知识点整理

Chapter 11.the geographical composition of the U.K.: two/four parts2.the population: the majority / the earliest inhabitants3.the English language: the Germanic group of the Indo-European family / threeperiodsChapter 24.Westminster Abbey5.1066, Norman Conquest, feudalism6.Henry II—jury system7.Magna Carta8.the Hundred Years’ War9.House of Tudor: medieval to modern10.Religious Reformation: the Roman Catholic Church VS. Henry VIII11.two camps of the Civil War12.the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy13.the Industrial Revolution: reasons / effects14.the British Empire —colonization15.Three Majestic CirclesChapter 316.the British Constitution: three parts17.a division of powers among three branches18.Parliament —the law-making body; two housesThe House of Commons —center of parliamentary power19.the role of the Prime Minister20.The House of Lords —Supreme Court21.Scotland —a distinct legal system22.right/left wing party23.a general election —every 5 years24.The Commonwealth —decolonization; an unpolitical union of sovereign statesChapter 425.Margaret Thatcher and her controversial policies26.three sectors of economy —primary, secondary and tertiary27.the major trends in the British economy28.two pillar industries of the current British economyChapter 529.British compulsory education —5 to 1630.four stagessecondary education —comprehensive schoolfurther education —sixth form31.two systemsindependent system —public schools32.GCSE, A-levels33.Oxford University —oldestCambridge University —more Nobel Prize winners34.“Big Three” of the quality press35.Boxing Day / Easter / Trooping the Color / Bonfire NightChapter 636.the Renaissance —sonnet / dramaWilliam Shakespeare, Hamlet37.the Neo-Classical Period:Jonathan Swift —satire, Gulliver’s TravelsDaniel Defoe —progenitor of the novel in English, Robinson Crusoe38.the Romantic Periodthe Lake Poets / second generation39.the Victoria Period —novelRealism: Charles Dickens / Thomas HardyNew literary trends —Neo-Romanticism / Aestheticism40.the Modern Period:stream of consciousnessChapter 841.Stars and Stripes42.50 states (48+2) and Washington D.C.the smallest and the largest43.the Appalachian Range / Rocky mountains44.Great Lakes / Niagara Falls45.the Mississippi River46.New England47.New York (the largest city), Los Angeles (second largest), San Francisco (largestChinatown)48.population —while /blacks / asians / natives / mixed race49.a “melting pot” and a “salad bowl”50.dominant American culture / cultural diversityChapter 951.1607, James Town52.American War of Independencefirst shots / turning point / a decisive victory53.1755, Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress54.July 4th, 1776, Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence Day (the national day)55.American Civil WarAbraham Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation—abolishing slavery56.America’s policy at the first stage of WWI —neutralityAmerica’s policy at the first stage of WWII —“sit on the fence”The direct cause for America’s entrance into WWII —Pearl Harbor Attack57.Franklin D. Roosevelt —“New Deal” aimed at Great Depression58.“Truman Doctrine”—the Cold War (containment and intervention)59.the Vietnam War —Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson60.Richard M. Nixontwo diplomatic breakthroughs; the Watergate ScandalChapter 1061.the Constitution of the U. S.1787; checks and balances; the first ten amendments—Bill of Rights; 27 amendments62.federalism / the separation of powers63.Congress —the legislative branch —to pass lawsthe Senate amd the House of Representatives64.to introduce a bill —to hold hearings —to report to the Congress —to go tothe President for approval65.the President’s powers —limited66.the qualification of a candicate for President67.the Supreme Court —one Chief Justice+ eight Associate Justices68.a two-party system —a donkey and an elephant69.a general election, not a direct election / every 4 years538 electors (270 needed to win) / Electoral College System / “winner-take-all”(two exceptions)Chapter 1170.progress of the modern American economy: colonial—farming—industrial71.Wall Street —financial services industryDetroit —automobile industrySilicon Valley —high-tech industryChapter 1272.ideals of American Education73.three stages of American educational system12-year compulsory education —elementary and secondary74.Ivy League —8 top private universities with long historyHarvard University —the oldest75.The New York Times(the most influential); The Washington Post(the secondlargest & the first to expose the Watergate scandal)76.Thanksgiving ( the origin; celebration: significance)Chapter1377.the Romantic PeriodJames Fennimore Cooper —the author of the “Leather Stocking Tales”Ralph Waldo Emerson —the chief spokesman of TranscendentalismNathaniel Hawthorne —The Scarlet LetterEdgar Allan Poe —detective story / science fiction / horror fictionHerman Melville —Moby Dick/The Whaletwo founts of American poetry —Walt whitman (free verse) & Emily Dickinson 78.the Realistic PeriodMark Twain —colloquialism; the true father of American modern literature 79.the Naturalistic PeriodTheodore Dreiser —describing the sordid side of the everyday life of the lower societySister Carrie; An American Tragedy80.the Modern Periodthe Lost Generation & the Beat MovementTory Morrison —the first African-American Nobel Prize Winner。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）B. The Normans.D. The Romans.countries are the permanent members of the UN Securitywould use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union the British foreign policy is largely shaped by itsB. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.A. the US suffered no losses in the war.B. the US was the sole possessor of atomic bombs.28. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed NOT because _____.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.29. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet?A. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peoplelevy federal taxes?A. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicial president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in ___.A. 1035B. 1042C. 106633. Which of the following can not be found in London?A. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres34. “No taxation without representation” wasA. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New England35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A. in the HighlandsC. in the Uplands36.A. attending the Grand NationalC. working the landD. playing football37.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength.8. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII.9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party.10. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday.11. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony bythe ancient warriors.12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office.13. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authorityfrom his subjects.14. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63American military bases in the UK.15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called“Gaelic”.16. British universities are public bodies which receive funds fromcentral government.17. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was oneunified nation as it is today.18. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be acceptedby a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests.19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing.20. Wales is rich in coal deposits.Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led tothe modern development of Europe?A. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.22. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decidedby ___.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards ofeducation23. Which of the following is not involved in making the Britishforeign policy?A. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.24. What did the US mean by containment?A. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union frombreaking out of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. In the United States school systems, which of the followingdivisions is true?A. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.26. Which of the following is NOT true of London?A. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center27. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time?A. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?A. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders except_____.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family?A. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing31. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc.A. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons32. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of ___.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day33. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of BuckinghamA. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.A. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.36. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed because _____.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.37. In order to go to university in the US, secondarymustA. they have high school records andteachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations38. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet?A. the Welsh peopleC. the Scottish people Dwith “direct rule” from London?A. the power-sharing policy was not accepted byProtestants.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above40. Which of the following schools would admitreference to their academic abilities?A. Comprehensive schoolsC. Independent schoolsⅢ大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The making of Britain’s foreign policy15.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council inrecognition of its contribution in setting up the United Nations.17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday.18. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII.19. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be acceptedby a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests.20. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincolnwere regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America.Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy?A. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led tothe modern development of Europe?A. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by ___.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards ofeducation24. What did the US mean by containment?A. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union frombreaking out of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Unionreached parity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?A. footballB. tennisC. basketballD. cricket26. Which celebratio n particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday?A. BonfiresB. The Orange MarchC. Trooping the ColorD. Masquerades27. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of British government?A. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?A. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders except_____.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, andlevy federal taxes?A. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A. They are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family?A. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing33. Which of the following is NOT true of London?A. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center34. Which o f the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time?A. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west ofScotland36. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth?A. Members of nations are joined together politically.B. The Commonwealth has special powers.C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once coloniesof Britain.37. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges,etc. A. the Queen B. the Prime MinisterWashington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln regarded as the founding fathers of the United States ofmost important single factor which influences British British people are Protestants while most Irish people are the War of Independence was over, the United States was schools get money mainly through the private sector like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave1948 President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine, is generally regarded as the formal declaration of theRonald Reagan became president in 1982, he wanted to the Soviet Union in the space technology race and so heMinister and Cabinet decide on the general direction on right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority host a large American military presence and there are 63Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that areⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet?A. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people22. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed because _____.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.23. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in ___.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160624. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president25. What did the US mean by containment?A. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached parity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror26. Easter commemorates _________.A. the birth of Jesus ChristB. the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristC. the coming of springD. the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ27. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations28. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role?A. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and the Cabinet.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.29. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by ___.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education30. When was the NATO founded? A. In 1945. B. in 1955C. In 1948D. in 194931. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in_____.A. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government32. Who are the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans33. When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People’s Republic of China?A. In 1972B. In 1973C. In 1970D. In 197134. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of ____.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. The New Deal was started by ___.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson36. The following were the main Reformation leaders except_____.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ37. Which of the following can not be found in London?A. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres38. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule” from London?A. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above39. Which of the following is Not a feature of the House of Lords?A. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C. The Lords are expected to present the interests of the public.D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.40. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain?A. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.“Gaelic”W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two’s Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln werebest completes the statement or answers the 20小题，每小题1分，共20分）’s one of the developed countries in the world.’s a traditional sea power.’s able to produce submarines.It used to be a powerful imperial country in the world.B. studentsC. headmastersD. boards of educationB. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.B. independent schools.D. public schools.27. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exception?A. Its imperial history.B. Its geopolitical traits.C. Its special relationship with the United States.D. Its schizophrenic attitude to Europe.28. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that ______.A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations29. Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities?A. Britain.B. The United States.C. Italy.D. Russia.30 Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain?A. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.31. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?A. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.32. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?A.The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B.The president has the authority to appoint federal judges whenvacancies occur.C.The president can make laws.D.The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, toissue regulations and directives regarding the work of thefederal departments.33. In the United States systems, which of the following divisions is true?A. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.34. Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because ______.A. they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from oneof themB. they enjoy the high prestige of these institutionsC. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutionsD. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude Tests35. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of _______.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of 13 colonies on the Eve of the American Revolution.36. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources ofincome except _____.A. investmentB. student tuitionC. endowmentsD.government funding37. What did the US mean by containment?A. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union frombreaking out of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Unionreached parity with the US in nuclear force.C. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms race.D. It intended to shift the balance of terror.38. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. Separation of state and church.B. Respect of education.C. Intolerant moralism.D. A sense of mission.39. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of ___.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Da y40. The theory of American politics and the American Revolutionoriginated mainly from ___________.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. John AdamsD. John LockeⅢ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights (US)43. Puritanism44. The House of Commons45. The making of Britain’s foreign policyⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. “British history is a history of invasion”. Please illustrate this point.How did each of the invasion influence English culture?47. What are the some of the major powers of each of the three branches of theUS government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?formed before 1800. The other is the Republican party, best completes the statement or answers the 20小题，每小题1分，共20分）B. studentsC. headmastersD. boards of educationB. independent schools.D. public schools.British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of theB. Its geopolitical traits.examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academicB. comprehensive schools.D. technical schools.’s birthday?B. The Orange March.C. Trooping the Color.D.the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to theB. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.A. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.31. The New Deal was started by ______.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson32. “No taxation without representation”A. the settlers of VirginiaC. the colonists in New EnglandA. Separation of state and church.C. Intolerant moralism.mainly from ___________.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. John AdamsD. John LockeA. a fourth of the globe.B. a fifth of the globe.C. a third of the globe.D. two-thirds of the globeA. the University of Cambridge.B. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of BuckinghamA. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not sittings.D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.38.Which of the following statements was correct around American Revolution?B. The American had the mixed blood of EuropeansIndians.3. Ulster, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom.4. It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world.5. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have.6. The idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power and preventing its abuse was first provided in the Federalist Papers.7. In Ireland, New Year’s Eve called Hogmanay (December 31st) is the major winter celebration.8. Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separatedthemselves from the Roman Catholic Church.9. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that of Republic of Ireland and that of Great Britain.10. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII.11. Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education.12. The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government.13. In Britain, public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government.14 The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such courtappointments are subject to confirmation by the House of representatives.15. The Commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries.16. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world orderdominated by the United States.17. The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church.18. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers.19. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union.20. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidatefor public office.II．Choose the best answer from the four choices given:（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to ___.A. private schoolsB. independent schoolsC. state schoolsD. public schools22. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in ___.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160623. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A. The freedom of religionB. The freedom of speech and of the pressC. The freedom of searching a person’s home by policeD. The right to own weapons if one wishes24. On one occasion during the Cold War period, the US and the Soviet Unionwere on the brink of nuclear war. What was that occasion?A. the US fought the Korean WarB. the US sent 50 000 troops to VietnamC. the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1962D. Large numbers of people fled East Berlin and East Germany to WestGermany in 1961.25. How many counties are there in Northern Ireland?A. 26B. 6C. 32D. 2026. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland.27. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions istrue?A. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Junior high school, senior high school.D. Elementary school, secondary school.28. Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities?A. BritainB. the United StatesC. ItalyD. Russia29. Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force?A. Because it’s one of the developed countries in the worldB. Because it’s a traditional sea powerC. Because it has an advanced industryD. Because it’s able to produce submarines30. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur.C. The president can make laws.D. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issueregulations and directives regarding the work of the federaldepartments.31. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet?A. the Welsh peopleC. the Scottish peoplelevy federal taxes?A. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialA. Lords do not receive salaries and many do notsittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.34. Which of the following states refused to participate in theConvention?A. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New York35A. BonfiresC. Trooping the ColorD. MasqueradesA. Martin LutherC. John CalvinWar of Independence was over, ___.A. each new state had its own governmentclearly defined____.A. George Washington.C. William PennA. It is a written document which lists out the basicgovernment.B. It is the foundation of British governance today.C. Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament areConstitution.D. The common laws are part of the Constitution.。