中国海洋大学蓝鸽B4大英四

Passage 1
A Working Man Is a Healthy Man
OK, you're only 30-years-old - or maybe even 40 or 50 - and are already fantasizing about retiring. You've got the (fill in the blank: stock options, trust fund, rich wife) in place and now the only question is when. What's the best time to devote yourself full-time to golf?
A dreadful thought, perhaps - particularly if working for a living has never agreed with you. But epidemiological analyses of every variety have long concluded that men who retire early don't live as long as men who keep working late into geezerhood. Given the opportunity to fill our days with nothing but recreational activity, we get in trouble - get beaned by a shanked golf ball, fall off a fishing boat after a beer, too many, that kind of thing.
Anything that removes us too much from the nurturing world of women is simply bad for our health. That's not to say that we don't suffer some ill effects from work. Men are the victims of more than 90 percent of all job-related accidents. Our highly competitive instincts also propel us to advance in our professions and climbing the ladder can be stressful (although interestingly, most CEO's are in excellent health; they're highly resilient, born leaders).
Any job in which the tasks are slightly beyond our reach is going to cause stress - along with the high blood pressure, depressed immunity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. But, then, raising children is stressful. Unemployment is really stressful. Vacations can be stressful. Driving in Milan is even a nightmare.
The point is that, in terms of the picture, not working, whether by choice or not, is worse for us than working. This has always been true, but now there are some modern wrinkles on this truism that reflect changing gender roles.
REW ARDS OF SUCCESS
Work is good for men - especially if the proper conditions are in place. For instance - and this is not likely to sit well with social egalitarians - men who are married to "homemaker" wives are more likely to have upwardly mobile careers. That's the conclusion of the Cornell University Retirement and Well-Being Study, which also found the converse to be true: Men married to women who work full-time are more likely to have downwardly mobile careers. From other data, we know that a successful and accomplished man is a healthy and happy man.
A recent Scottish study also points to the effects changing gender roles are having on men's working life. The increased number of women in both part-time and full-time work, the researchers say, may indirectly be responsible for rising rates of suicide and depression in men, at least in the British Isles. For men, the resultant loss of status as sole financial provider for the family and the perceived loss of social status could all be risk factors for depression.
Family life also affects the benefits a man obtains from work. After having a baby, American men work longer hours, particularly if the child is a boy.
"We can only guess that having a son increases the value of marriage and family for men," says Shelly Lundberg, a psychologist at the University of Washington, an economics professor who did the research. Using data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics1, he found that the birth of a first son generated an average increase in a man's work time of
84 hours every year after the boy's birth - the equivalent of more than two additional weeks on the job. Men added only 31 hours after having a daughter. They also discovered a "fatherhood premium" that raised men's hourly wages by about 5 percent every time they fathered a child.
RETIRE
Research repeatedly has shown that a working family man with more disposable income is a happier, healthier man.
Still not convinced? The findings of people who study retirement suggest some good reasons not to retire. For one thing, newly retired men experience more marital conflict than non-retired men. Your wife simply finds it stressful to wonder whether you've been beaned by a golf ball or bobbing in the ocean next to your empty beer can.
The good news is that you can regain whatever you may have lost by retiring - and then going back to work. Psychologists Jungmeen E. Kim and Phyllis Moen of Cornell found that men who retire often gain a new lease on life when they decide to go back to work.
"Post-retirement employment appears to be beneficial for their psychological
well-being," says Kim. Those who are retired and re-employed report the highest morale and lowest depression. And men who are retired and not re-employed experience the lowest morale and most depression.
Their study of 534 married men and women between 50 and 74 found the work-status links to morale and depression were regardless of age, income and health.
So suck it up, buddy, and plan to work until you drop. It's one prescription for longevity that is known to work.
(804 words) 1. In the sentence (Para. 1)"... now the only question is when", here "when" means ____.
[A] when to devote yourself full-time to golf
[B] when to marry a rich wife
[C] when to retire
[D] when to have a vacation
2. Men who keep working late into geezerhood ____.
[A] usually work for a living
[B] usually don't like recreational activities
[C] usually get into trouble
[D] can live longer than men who retire early
3. Work is good for men because ____.
[A] all working men are healthy and happy
[B] men who are married to "homemaker" wives are more likely to have upwardly mobile
careers
[C] more women coming to work may lead to the rising rates of suicide and depression in men
[D] raising children and housekeeping are stressful for men
4. Which of the following statements isn't the good reason not to retire?____
[A] Family life affects the benefits a man obtains from work.
[B] You can regain whatever you may have lost by retiring.
[C] You can devote yourself to golf.
[D] Men should work to support the family.
5. Which statement is not true according to the passage?____
[A] We don't suffer any ill effects from work.
[B] A successful and accomplished man is a healthy and happy man.
[C] Newly retired men experience more marital conflict than non-retired men.
[D] Men who retired early experience the lowest morale and most depression.
Directions:Choose the best answer to each question with information from the passage. [题数：5；分数：10分；参考时间：10分0秒]
题6 - 10
Passage 2
A Stateless Language That Europe Must Embrace
English is already Europe's lingua franca and it's time for politicians and educators to acknowledge this.
The language policy in the European Union1 is both ineffective and hypocritical, and its ideas of linguistic equality and multilingualism are costly and cumbersome illusions. Why have these illusions been kept up for so long? First, because the French with their traditionally superior position in Europe cannot accept the decline of their own linguistic power; second, because the politically-correct ideologies of some sociolinguists constantly fuel opposition against the idea of English as a European lingua franca; and third, because powerful translators' lobbies fight for their raison d'etre. In the name of the high ideal of linguistic equality a time-consuming, expensive and increasingly intractable translation
machinery is maintained that is doing its best to translate the illusion of equality into illusions of multilingualism and translatability.
The translations produced in the world's largest translation bureau are taken as tokens for equality: what counts is that they exist, not what they are like - many EU officials doubt their accuracy and openly prefer to read the more reliable English and French originals. Also, the supposed linguistic equality in the EU is a relative one: some languages are more "equal" than others, and minority languages inside the member states do not count at all.
The EU's ostensible multilingualism sets it apart from other international organisations. Instead of having opted for a "workable" number of working languages, all the official languages of the member states were given equal status. For a smooth functioning of the EU institutions, however, whose legislation ordinary people do not understand anyway, the use of English as a lingua franca would be infinitely better.
English is particularly suitable as Europe's lingua franca because of its functional flexibility and spread across the world, and because English is already "de-nativised" to a large extent: the global number of non-native speakers is now substantially larger than its native speakers (about 4:1). English is no longer "owned" by its native speakers because acculturation and nativisation processes have produced a remarkable diversification of the English language into many non-native varieties.
The point is that we can no longer say that English is one monolithic, "hegemonic" voice, it is a diversity of different voices. The multiplicity of voices behind English as a lingua franca implies that differences in interactional norms between speakers using English as a language for communication remain unaltered. And it is this deep diversity in the use of English by speakers with different mother tongues that invalidates the claim that English is an imperialist adversary, an eliminating "killer language" - which English, we may ask?
Is it those localised, regionalised or otherwise appropriated varieties of English whose speakers creatively conduct pragmatic and cultural shifts? Surely not. Arguments such as the ones brought forward by the anti-English league are simply outdated. The Empire has Struck back already. Non-native speakers of English have created their own discourse norms and genres. And they do this out of their own free will, happily ignoring the "linguistic domination" ascribed to them. In other words there is no didactic-linguistic replay of formerly colonial and militaristic means.
English as a lingua franca is nothing more than a useful tool: it is a "language for communication", a medium that is given substance with the different national, regional, local and individual cultural identities its speakers bring to it. English itself does not carry such identities, and it is not a "language for identification". And because of the variety of functional uses of global English, English has also a great potential for promoting international understanding. Its different speakers must always work out a common behavioural and intercultural basis.
Paradox as this may seem, the very spread of English can motivate speakers of other languages to insist on their own local language for identification, for binding them emotionally to their own cultural and historical tradition. There is no need to set up an
old-fashioned dichotomy between local languages and English as the "hegemonic aggressor": there is a place for both, because they fulfill different functions. To deny this is to uphold
outdated concepts of monolingual societies and individuals.
Using English as a lingua franca in Europe does not inhibit linguistic diversity, and it unites more than it divides, simply because it may be "owned" by all Europeans - not as a cultural symbol, but a means of enabling understanding.
(875 words) 6. Why are the translators against English as Europe's lingua franca?____
[A] They want to fight for linguistic equality and multilingualism.
[B] They want to maintain a time-consuming, expensive translation machinery.
[C] They want to maintain the existence of their profession.
[D] They want to keep the current positions of various languages in Europe.
7. The author thinks that the diversities of English used in European countries can be used as a proof to show that ____.
[A] the differences in interactional norms between speakers using English for communication is unchanged
[B] the localised or regionalised varieties of English have brought cultural shifts
[C] English is an imperialist aggressor, an eliminating "killer language"
[D] non-native speakers of English may give up their own language when using English as a lingua franca.
8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?____
[A] The use of English can change other European languages, gradually destroying their identities.
[B] The use of English can change the structural and discourse conventions in other European languages.
[C] The spread of English can promote speakers of other languages to find a common behavioral and intercultural basis
[D] The spread of English can motivate speakers of other languages to insist on their own local language for identification.
9. The word "uphold" (Line 5, Para. 9) most probably means "____."
[A] refuse
[B] support
[C] raise
[D] defeat
10. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?____
[A] To show that translations are taken as tokens for linguistic equality.
[B] To emphasize that EU's multilingualism sets it apart from other organizations.
[C] To argue that English should be used as a lingua franca in Europe.
[D] To explain that English is one monolithic, "hegemonic" voice.
选词填空
Directions:Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. [题数：10；分数：10分；参考时间：10分0秒]
题11 - 20
Passage 1
primitive attachment arouse achievement abandon
sharp confrontation crucial intense soar
intense
1. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement [11] .
2. Improved consumer continence is [12] crucial to economic recovery.
3. It is a [13] primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.
4. Later, some of his findings [14] arouse much popular interest in his book.
5. Psychologists believe that separation from the parents during the sensitive [15] attachment period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose it to emotional problems in later life.
6. The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a military confrontation [16] .
7. The introduction of computerized information systems has [17] sharpLY changed management control in many companies.
8. Most of the students have already felt the pressure of [18] soarING inflation.
9. Dozens of homes have had to be [19] as the sea has crept farther and farther inland.
10. The [20] abandonED study of German helps M
ark know more about German culture and customs.
Directions:Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.
Make changes where necessary. [题数：5；分数：10分；参考时间：5分0秒]
题21 - 25
Passage 2
.Go ahead with it, and we will stand by you [21] through thick and thin .
.Last Sunday evening we went to the school playground to [22] root for the school football team.
.The new evidence [23] backed up my argument that they took advantage of the chance.
.The garden has [24] belonged to our family for a long time.
.For 12 years, we've sought to [25] stave off this ultimate threat of disaster.
Directions:Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary. [题数：10；分数：10分；参考时间：10分0秒]
题26 - 35
Passage 3
recreation victim propel depress financial
equivalent nothing instinct regardless beneficial
1. Black is a cunning man, but he has finally become a(n)[26] victim of his own behavior.
2. They feared that rising inflation would further [27] depress the economy.
3. Is there a French word that is the exact [28] equivalent of the English word "home"?
4. Wang Lin may become a diplomat because he has a(n) [29] instinct for tact and diplomacy.
5. In the Mediterranean, there is a temperate climate [30] beneficial to health.
6. You can't accept [31] recreationAL drug use and expect to control the drug problem.
7. John is a person [32] propelLED by ambition.
8. Many computer software corporations are experiencing [33] financial reverses.
9. Don't worry about my illness; what I need is [34] nothing but a day's rest.
10. We will persevere [35] regardless of past failures.
Directions:Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Make changes where necessary. [题数：5；分数：10分；参考时间：5分0秒]
题36 - 40
Passage 4
.Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, [36] along
with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest.
.I quite [37] agree with what you said, though I don't believe that you can put it into practice.
.Which sport has the most expenses [38] in terms of training equipment, players' personal equipment and uniforms?
.The doctor was asked to [39] go back to the hospital because of an emergency case.
.Beverage companies should [40] be responsible for collecting and recycling discarded plastic bottles and cans.
单句翻译（汉译英）
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English. [题数：5；分数：10分；参考时间：10分0秒]
题41
41. 她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。

(portray... as)
She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.
题42
42. 试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人在工作中犯的错误要少。

(fewer... than) Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.
题43
43. 球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜利。

(not ...but)
Ball game fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement , but through their connection to a tean that wins.
题44
44. 尽管演员的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。

(despite) Despite the actors’wonderful acting , the three-hour movie could not hold our attention. 45．王教授是我唯一指望能救我儿子的大夫。

Professor Wang is the only doctor whom I can rely on to save my son.
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English. [题数：5；分数：10分；参考时间：10分0秒]
1.我们认为你的建议不恰当，应该放弃。

(in place)
We don’t think your proposal is quite in place, so you should give it up.
2.他到家时，发现家里只有一些老人和病人。

(nothing but)
When he arrived home, he found nothing but some broken furniture there.
3. 就这台发动机的状况而言，它即使能发动也是奇迹了。

(given)
Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.
4. 从就业来说，旅馆业是这个国家的第二大产业。

(in terms of)
In terms of employment, the hotel industry is the second largest industry in this country. 5. 这个国家里,不管肤色如何，每一个人都有权住在他想住的地方。

(regardless of) Everyone in this country had the right to live where he wants to, regardless of the color of his skin.
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English. [题数：5；分数：10分；参考时间：10分0秒]
1. 我妹妹虽然年龄还小，可是她对将要从事的职业已胸有成竹。

(as)
Young as my sister is, she already knows for sure what career she is going to follow.
2. 我舅舅今天下午要来看我们，他的照片我昨天给你看过。

(whose)
My uncle, whose photo I showed you yesterday, will come to see us this afternoon.
3. 正是由于英语这门语言的功能非常灵活，才使得英语成为一种全球性的语言。

(It
is ...that...)
It is because of its very functional flexibility that makes English become a global language. 4. 我们很高兴代表我们研究中心向你们海外客人致意。

(in the name of)
In the name of our research center we are very glad to pass on our greetings to you，our overseas guests.
5. 这台新发动机比那些旧的要好，因为它耗费的燃料少得多。

(superior)
This new engine is superior to the old ones in that it consumes much less fuel.
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English. [题数：5；分数：10分；参考时间：10分0秒]
题60
60. 他花了15万元买的那辆新车在一次事故中被严重损坏，已经无法修理了。

(which, beyond)
1.在董事会议上他建议把这项轻松的工作留给身体不好的玛丽来做。

(leave to)
→He suggested at the board meeting that the easy task (should) be left to Mary whose health is poor.
2.目前正在香港的布朗先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来我校给学生上课。

(who)
→Mr. Brown, who is in Hong Kong now, has a lot of teaching experience and will come to teach our students in the spring.
3.这家旅馆是我市最好的旅馆，吃的东西很好，服务质量也不错。

（be true of）
→This is the best hotel in our city in which the food is very good and the same is true of the service.
4.为了吸引更多的乘客坐船，船长向所有乘客保证乘船旅游十分安全。

(assure)
→In order to attract more passengers, the captain assured all the passengers of the safety of traveling by ship.
5.他花了15万元买的那辆新车在一次事故中被严重损坏，已经无法修理了。

（which, beyond）
→His new car, for which he paid ￥150000, was seriously damaged in an accident and was beyond repair.
[总题数：60；总分数：100分；总参考时间:90分0秒]。