语言学定义(1)
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Semantics
IV. Define the following terms:
31. Semantics: Semantics can be simply defined as the study of meaning in language.
32. Sense: Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and decontextualized.
33. Reference: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience
34. Synonymy: Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.
35. Polysemy: Polysemy refers to the fact that the same one word may have more than one meaning.
36. Homonymy: Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.
37. Homophones: When two words are identical in sound, they are called homophones
38. Homographs: When two words are identical in spelling, they are homographs.
39. Complete homonyms: When two words are identical in both sound and spelling, they are called complete homonyms.
40. Hyponymy: Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.
41. Antonymy: Antonymy refers to the relation of oppositeness of meaning.
42. Componential analysis: It defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components, or semantic features.
43. The grammatical meaning: The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality, i.e. , its grammatical well-formedness . The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by the grammatical rules of the language.
44. Predication: The predication is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.
45. Argument: An argument is a logical participant in a predication. It is generally identical with the nominal element (s) in a sentence.
46. Predicate: A predicate is something that is said about an argument or it states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence.
47. two-place predication : A two-place predication is one which con-tains two arguments.