动词-ing形式(短语)作主语和宾语

动词-ing形式(短语)作主语和宾语
一、动词-ing形式(短语)作主语
1. 动词-ing形式(短语)作主语，表示比较抽象或泛指的动作。

如：
Telling a lie got him into a great deal of trouble.
Surfing is a popular sport along coastal areas.
2. 动词-ing形式(短语)作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it 作形式主语。

如：
It is no use complaining —it doesn’t he lp solve the problems.
In my opinion, it is simply a waste of time and money raising pets.
二、动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语
1. 作动词宾语。

有些动词后常跟动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语，这类动词常见的有
admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, consider, dislike, mind, miss, finish, keep, imagine, risk, practise, suggest等。

如：
We are considering flying to Paris for the coming holiday.
It seems that he doesn’t mind working late into the night.
2. 作介词宾语。

介词后可接动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语。

如：
She entered without knocking at the door.
My sister is busy in reading picture books.
注意：
1. 有些动词后接动词-ing形式(短语)和动词不定式(短语)作宾语意义不同，如：
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事
remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾(抱歉)要做某事
regret doing sth. 为做过某事而感到后悔
try to do sth. 努力去做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
want doing sth. 需要被做某事(用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义)
2. 在动词-ing形式(短语)前面可以加上其逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑
主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。

当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。

如：
I’m annoyed about John’s / John forgetting to pay.
I really can’t understand your / you treat ing her like that.
3. 动词-ing形式(短语)的否定形式是在其前面加not。

当动词-ing形式(短语)带有
逻辑主语时，not应置于动词-ing形式短语之前。

如：
Not cleaning her teeth made her smell bad.
My sister’s not coming home in time made my parents worried.。