2017-2018学年高中英语Module4WhichEnglishSectionⅢGrammar-复习状语和状语从句教学案外研版选修8

Module 4 Which English Section Ⅲ Grammar-复习状语和状语从

句

语法图解

探究发现

①It can sound very different from place to place.

②For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney.

③One woman was lying in bed, awake.

④A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit.

⑤The boy needs a pen to do his homework.

⑥We'll start our project if the president agrees.

⑦I'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading the report.

⑧The head of the company promised to deal with m atters of this sort the moment he returned to his office.

⑨Poor as he was, he was honest.

[我的发现]

(1)①～⑤句为词语作状语，⑥～⑨句为句子作状语。

(2)④⑤为非谓语动词作状语。

(3)⑥句中的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

(4)⑦句用副词引导状语从句；⑧句用名词性短语引导时间状语从句。

(5)⑨句中的状语从句使用了倒装语序。

一、状语

(一)概念

修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，叫作状语。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

(二)不同形式的状语

1．副词(短语)作状语

The boy needs a pen very much.

男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now./Now the boy needs a pen./The boy now needs a pen.

男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

2．介词短语作状语

Before his mother Tom is always a boy.

在母亲面前，汤姆总是个孩子。(地点状语)

On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.

星期天，教室里没有学生。(时间状语)

3．分词(短语)作状语

He sits there, asking for a pen.

他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

4．动词不定式作状语

We were glad to hear that Shenzhou­XⅠ had been sent up into space suc cessfully.

听到神舟十一号成功发射的消息我们很高兴。(原因状语)

5．名词作状语

Come this way!

走这条路！(方式状语)

I will be back next Monday.

我下周一回来。(时间状语)

6．形容词作状语

Tired and hot, we had to stop to have a break.

又累又热，我们只好停下来休息。(原因状语)

(三)位置

状语在句中的位置比较灵活。一般来讲，多数状语都放在句子的后面。修饰谓语动词的状语一般放在谓语的后面，若有宾语则放在宾语的后面。修饰整个句子的状语则放在句子的最前面，并用逗号隔开。但有些副词作状语则放在实义动词之前，助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，如always, often, usually, never, ever等。

She studies hard at school.

她在学校努力学习。

She studies English very hard at school.

她在学校学习英语很努力。

Unfortunately, he missed the train.

不幸的是他未赶上火车。

He is always late for school.

他总是上学迟到。

[即时演练1] 画出下列句子中的状语

①It sounds very different from_place_to_place.

②Full_of_hope,_the local people are working hard to_rebuild_their_hometown.

③Having_lived_abroad_for_twenty_years,_the old man returned to his hometown where he was brought up.

④I will stay another_five_months.

⑤Heated,_water changes into steam.

⑥In_spite_of_the_heavy_rain,_they arrived.

⑦Always look your homework through before_handing_it_in.

二、状语从句

(一)状语从句的概念及分类

用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫作状语从句。可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、比较等状语从句。

(二)各种状语从句的具体用法

1．时间状语从句

时间状语从句常由以下引导词引导：when; while; as; before; after; since; until; as soon as; no sooner ...than ...; hardly ...when; the moment; every time; immediately等。

A．when, while, as引导的时间状语从句

(1)when表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用延续性动词。

You had already gone when I arrived there.

当我到达时，你已经走了。(when表示点时间)

When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.

当时住在农村，我常常为他担水。(when表示段时间)

(2)while表示“在……期间”或“在某一段时间里”，它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。