考研英语阅读理解事实细节题解析
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（25）
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（25）考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(25)Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams a re part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line。
” And one leading authority says that, these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it。
考研英语阅读理解考试题和答案解析二
考研英语阅读理解考试题和答案解析二PLIGHT OF THE PRESCHOOLERSHow do they beat the odds?Competition for admission to the country’s top private schools has always been tough, but this year Elisabeth Krents realized it had reached a new level.Her wake-up call came when a man called the Dalton School in Manhattan, where Krents is admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for their kindergarten program. After providing the information (they don’t use an age cutoff), she asked about the age of his child. The man paused for an uncomfortably long time before answering. “Well, we don’t have a child yet,” he told Krents. “We’re trying to figure out when to conceive a child so the birthday is not a problem.”School obsession is spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise current data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews withrepresentatives of independent and religious schools all told the same story: a glut of applicants, higher rejection rates. “We have people calling u s for spots two years down the road,” said Marilyn Collins of the Seven Hills School in Cincinnati. “We have grandparents calling for pregnant daughters.”Public-opinion poll after poll indicates that Americans’ No. 1 concern is education. Now that the long economic boom has given parents more disposable income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $10,000 a year. “We’re getting applicants from a broader area, geographically, than we ever have in the past,” said Betsy Haug h of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year.The problem for the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not. “Every year, there are a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, there are a significant number of children who don’t have places,” said Krents, who also heads a private-school admissions group in New York.So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no foolproof way to pick a class when children are so young. Many schools give preference to siblings or alumni children.Some use lotteries. But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys.The worst thing a parent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform--for example, by pushing them to read or do math exercises before they’re ready. Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives. Another year in preschool may be all that’s needed. Parents, meanwhile, may need a more open mind about relatively unknown private schools--or about magnet schools in the public system. There’s no sign of the private-school boom letting up. Dal ton’s spring tours, for early birds interested inthe 2001-2002 school year, are filled. The wait list? Forget it. That’s closed, too.By Pat Wingert Newsweek; 05/15/2000, Vol. 135 Issue 20, p76, 2/3p, 1c注 (1) ：本文选自 Newsweek ， 05/15/2000, p761.The author uses the examples to show __________.[A]the concern of Americans[B]the charm of the private schools[C]the fierce situation for preschoolers[D]the economic situation of American families2.What is implied in Paragraph 4?[A]The harsh way of forming a class.[B]The high expectation of the parents.[C]The wise selection of the school.[D]The difficulty of getting enrolled.3.The author ’ s attitude toward this event is __________.[A]indifferent[B]apprehensive[C]supportive[D]indignant4.Instead of giving their children great pressureto outperform, the parents should ______.[A]avoid the competition and wait for another year[B]give up their first choice and go to the unknown school[C]let their children be and do what they want to do[D]deal with the matter more casually and rethink the situation5.The text intends to express _________.[A]the popularity of the private schools[B]parents ’ worry about their children ’ s schooling[C]the plight of the preschoolers[D]the severe competition in going to school篇章剖析本文采用提出问题 --- 分析问题的模式。
考研英语阅读理解部分试题解析
Could the bad old days of economic decline beabout to return? Since OPEC agreed tosupply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls upscary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, whenthey also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are theheadlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraqsuspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in theshort term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences nowto be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oilnow accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so evenquite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump pricesthan in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and soless sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift toother fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensiveindustries have reduced oil consumption. Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or carproduction. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now usenearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest EconomicOutlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, comparedwith $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies byonly 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices isthat, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backgroundof general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizableportion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. TheEconomist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 byalmost 30%. 51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ［A］ global inflation. ［B］ reduction in supply. ［C］ fast growth in economy. ［D］ Iraq's suspension of exports. 52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrolwill go up dramatically if ［A］ price of crude rises. ［B］ commodity prices rise. ［C］ consumption rises. ［D］ oil taxes rise. 53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries. ［A］ heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. ［B］ income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices. ［C］ manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed. ［D］ oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. 54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that. ［A］ oil-price shocks are less shocking now. ［B］ inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. ［C］ energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. ［D］ the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 55. From the text we can see that the writer seems ［A］ optimistic. ［B］ sensitive. ［C］ gloomy. ［D］ scared. ⼀、⽂章结构分析 ⽂章⼤意：最近这次⽯油价格的⼤幅上涨的影响不会像以前那样严重。
考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析（14）
考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析（14）考研英语真题：阅读理解试题及名师解析(14)The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering。
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect。
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient。
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, "he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level, many in the medical communityacknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(17)
[A] the continuing acquisition.
[B] the growing traffic.
[C] the cheering Wall Street.
[D] the shrinking market.
they do when another railroad is competing for the business.
Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to
appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for
acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider
the ＄10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire
Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996
rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will
work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers
increase their grip on the market.
考研英语阅读理解细节题分析
考研英语阅读理解细节题分析在考研英语阅读理解中，细节题所占比例最大，在20道阅读题中，细节题的比例能占到60%。
因此想要阅读拿高分，就一定要先拿下细节题，掌握细节题的答题方法。
所有的阅读都分为三个部分：原文、题干和选项。
原文是解题的依据，题干是解题的方向，选项是解题的关键。
我们要知道题干在很多时候却是我们定位和筛选正确答案的杀手锏，尤其在应对细节题时，切记：点对点对应。
细节题根据考查内容不同可划分为以下几种类型：论点论据题，传统细节题，原因细节题，人物观点题。
考生应该重点关注每一种细节类型题的特点，以找到有效的做题思路，在最后阶段更上一层楼。
1、论点——论据题论点——论据题考查学生对文章细节例证的理解，也是考纲中对论点论据要求的具体体现。
一般情况下，这类题目的题干信息提供论据的细节信息，考生需要根据其定位段落，找到论据证明的论点，最后选出与之对对应的正确选项。
例1：Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.(2017, Text1)21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to _____.[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection根据题干中的细节信息“The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804”回文定位在上文(原文二段)中，信息描述特点可以判断出段落的结构。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。
There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftoday―everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析(一)阅读理解部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
下面是的考研英语(一)阅读理解练习试题，欢迎阅读!France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character andintellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problemin focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impactthe fashion industry has on body ideals, especially onyoung people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement isto deny aess for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of pliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. Aording to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined【解析】推断题。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十九)
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with nosuccess but was attracted by the site’s “personal s ...Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with nosuccess but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”.It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteriasuch as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when amatching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose thekeywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Threeweeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struckgold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and wona position as in-house counsel for a company。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十一)
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十一)考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十一)Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That pulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to e close。
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronicsand micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precisionthan highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone。
考研英语阅读理解考试题和答案解析一
考研英语阅读理解考试题和答案解析一GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHTBy almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. “I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased,” says Pfingst. “I consider myself apragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail.”Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then there’s the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop.But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingst’s team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence.They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the victim’s shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Testresults are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits.By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell; Lisa McLaughlin; Joseph Pierro; Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song1.How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project?[A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects.[B]By revisiting the past victories.[C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools.[D]By his cooperation with his attorneys.2.Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project?[A]To help correct the wrong judgments.[B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors.[C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation.[D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients.3.The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1,Paragraph 3) most probably means _______.[A]excited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4.Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor?[A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect.[B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail.[C]He supported the controversial California law.[D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen.5.Which of the following is not true according to the text?[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage.[B] Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect.[C] Pfingst’s move didn’t work well.[D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.篇章剖析本文采用的是记叙文的模式。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（21）
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,”she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars。
” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says。
Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（27）
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of difference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite。
” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act。
” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization。
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation－language, home ownership and intermarriage。
名师指导：考研英语阅读事实细节题分析
名师指导：考研英语阅读事实细节题分析做考研英语阅读题应统观全文，根据语篇的逻辑关系读懂上下文的衔接意义，基本上都有这么几个特点。
共性特点：1.问题中经常出现what，which，when等特殊疑问词或明确提到时间、地点、人物。
2.问题中都会出现一些不熟悉的新信息，这些信息只能从原文获得。
这种类型的细节题被称作"事实细节题"。
事实细节题往往要求考生按照题干所提示的键词语或信息在原文中精确定位，然后找到描述该关键词语或信息的内容，把该内容与四个项中的某一个联系起来，这种联系通常是"同义转化"，也就是说把原文的信息在不改变意的情况下换一种说法说出来。
答案选项的通常特点是：1.用同义词替换原文句子中的某个或某些词语，一般不超过两个，而大体语法不变。
2.变换语法但是不改变原意，比如由主动语态转为被动语态等。
3.原文的句子是否定形式，从反面叙述，而答案变成肯定形式从正面叙述。
4.原文的句子是肯定形式，从正面叙述，而答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
5.原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同-"件事，事情本质不变。
6.原文是具体实例，而答案变成抽象概括。
7.原文是抽象概括，而答案变成具体实例。
扰选项的特点是：1.照抄原文的句子，只有个别词语不同(这个不同的词语往往是其成为错误选项的原因)。
2.一半信息符合原文，-半信息与原文不符。
3.将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
4.与原文叙述内容相反。
5.是原文中没有出现的新信息。
6.含有绝对化词语，如only，always，never，alleverything，anything，everywhere，everybody，nobody等。
7.在转述中犯逻辑错误。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(22)
pursuits. 追求学识的信心。
【答案】C
【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】父母对孩子的期望这一点可以从第一段中找到“即使是学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是让他们为了知识而去追求知识的地方。”至此，答案选项[C]一目了然。而选项[B]显然错误。选项[A]这个干扰项是出题人故意拿出一个本身没有问题，但是不适合本处的说法来干扰考生。考生一定要警惕先入为主的思维模式，在做阅读理解的时候，不能按照自己的直觉和知识瞎猜，一定要以原文为根据。选项[D]显然也是不符合家长的期望的。
writer Earl Shorris,“We will become a second-rate country. We will
have a less civil society.”
“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,”writes
37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history
of
从原文中我们可以得知美国的历史历来是
[A] undervaluing intellect. 贬低学识。
[B] favoring intellectualism.
historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism
in American Life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of
anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（29）
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then。
考研阅读事实细节题攻略(一)
考研阅读事实细节题攻略（一）该题型提问方式灵活，涉及短文的各种具体细节，如时间、地点、原因、结果、方式等。
解答细节题时，理解文中的具体信息以及文中的概念性含义是关键。
解答本题型的基本步骤即“精确定位”和“选项分析”。
简单的问题在定位后即可找到答案，稍微复杂的需在定位后进行选项与原文的一致性分析。
1 某实验或发现。
常见的提示词有study,research,findings,model, assumption, hypothesis等。
真题示例1The IUCN’s “Red List”suggests that human beings are[A] a sustained species [B] a threat to the environment[A] the world’s dominant power [A] a misplaced race首先进行定位，有题干关键词The IUCN’s “Red List”定位到第三段第三句，该句中提到，看一下国际自然保护联合会对人类的描述，就会发现人类所具有的特征以及目前并不存在真正威胁人类存在的食物这一事实，决定了人类必然不会再近期内遭受灭种的命运，因此，这一物种listed as Least Concern(被列入最无需关注类别)，也就是说，人类会在很长一段时间内存在下去，所以答案为[A]。
虽然threats一词在该段第三句中出现，但这里是说here are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline(目前世界上没有真正威胁到人类的食物存在)，而并非说人类是自然界的威胁，故排除[B];“Red List”中提到人类在地球上very widely distributed(分布广泛)，但并没有说人类占主导地位，故排除[C];该句中也没有涉及misplaced这一概念，故排除[D]。
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考研英语阅读理解事实细节题解析
一、考查形式
在阅读理解测试中，很大比例的题目是考细节的。
在对历年试题的分析中发现，事实细节题的比例占一半以上。
文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题特别是论证段落的大意而使用的具体信息。
因为就议论文和说明文而言，作者在阐明所要论述的问题和观点后，通常会用大量具体的事实细节去支持说明它们。
这些细节可以是理由、例子、数字等，可以采用下定义、做比较、打比方等方法去组织。
二、命题模式
According to the author/passage, who (what, where, when, why, how, ect.)-- Which of the following is true/correct/false/not included？
All of the following are (not) true/mentioned except--
The author mentions all of the items listed below the following except-- We learn from the last paragraph (the first three paragraphs, the text) that--
三、解题技巧
1.正确选项特点：
①一般可以在文章中找到直接或间接的答案，但不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的思想。
例如，原文用双重否定，选项用肯定句式；进行同义词替换或是句子结构的替换或句子结构变换；原文与选项互换反义词等等。
当然这只是形式上的变换，意思还是一致；
②在因果关系处常常命题，正确项多为产生原因或是主要原因，也有少量考结果的；
③体现中心思想，有很多选项刚好落在段落主旨句中。
2.干扰项特点：
①部分正确，部分错误；
②是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容，如，根据题干中的关键词定位到段落，若选项中出现这个范围之外其他段落的内容必错；
③符合常识，但不是文章的内容；
④与原句的内容极为相似，但程度上有些变动，如：将文中并非绝对化的内容绝对化，或偷梁换柱改动一些关键词；
⑤明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符或是相反。