第四章 呼吸作用习题及答案

第四章植物呼吸作用一、英译中(Translate)1．respiratioin2．aerobic respiration3．anaerobic respiration4．fermentation5．pentose phosphate pathway6．biological oxidation7．respiratory chain8．glycolysis9．oxidative phosphorylation10．Pasteur effect11．respiratory rate12．respiratory quotient13．cytochrome14．intramolecular respiration15．protein complex16．alternate oxidase17．ubiquinone18．uncoupling agent19．temperature coefficient二、中译英(Translate)1．巴斯德效应2．有氧呼吸3．无氧呼吸4．呼吸速率5．呼吸商6．已糖磷酸途径7．生物氧化8．电子传递链9．细胞色素10．化学渗透假说11．抗氰呼吸12．底物水平磷酸化作用13．呼吸链14．氧化磷酸化15．发酵16．分子内呼吸17．蛋白复合体18．交替氧化酶19．温度系数三、名词解释(Explain the glossary)1．呼吸作用2．有氧呼吸3．糖酵解4．三羧酸循环5．生物氧化6．呼吸链7．P/O比8．氧化磷酸化9．巴斯德效应10．细胞色素11．呼吸速率12．呼吸商13．抗氰呼吸14．无氧呼吸15.ADP/O ratio16.electron transport chain (mitochonrion)17. oxidative phosphorylation18. glycolysis四、是非题(True or false)()1．所有生物的生存都需要O2。

()2．糖酵解途径是在线粒体内发生的。

()3．在种子吸水后种皮未破裂之前，种子主要进行无氧呼吸。

()4．戊糖磷酸途径在幼嫩组织中所占比例较大，在老年组织中所占比例较小。

()5．戊糖磷酸途径是在线粒体膜上进行的。

( )6．高等植物细胞将1mol葡萄糖完全氧化时，净生成38mol。

()7．细胞色素氧化酶普遍存在于植物组织中。

()8．线粒体为单层膜的细胞器。

()9．如果降低环境中的O2的含量，则糖酵解速度会减慢。

()10．呼吸作用不一定都有氧的消耗和CO2的释放。

()11．糖酵解过程不能直接产生ATP。

()12．巴斯德效应描述的是三羧酸循环的问题。

()13．氧化磷酸化是氧化作用和磷酸化作用相偶联进行的过程。

()14．当植物细胞内的NADPH过多时，不会对戊糖磷酸途径起反馈抑制作用。

()15．呼吸底物如果是蛋白质，呼吸商则等于1。

()16．一般来说，随着温度的升高，植物的呼吸作用随之升高。

()17．呼吸作用的电子传递链位于线粒体的基质中。

()18．由淀粉转变为G—1—P时，需要ATP作用。

()19．对于植物来说，没有呼吸作用，光合作用也就进行不了。

()20．涝害淹死植株是因为无氧呼吸进行过久，累积了酒精，而引起中毒。

（）21．细胞质中1molNADH的电子传给呼吸链中的O2过程中，可产生3mol ATP。

（）22. The final electron acceptor in glycolysis is oxygen.（）23. The carrier molecules of electron transport system are located in the cytosol.（）24. Glycolysis is linked to the krebs cycle when oxygen is not available.（）25.Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells when oxygen is not available.（）26. The highest concentration of hydrogen ions in the mitochondria is in the intermitochondrial space.（）27. Each molecule of NADH produced in the mitochondria provides the enegy for 2.5 ATP molecules.（）28. The breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is not a catabolic reaction五、选择题(Choose the best answer for each question)1．水果藏久了，会发生酒味，这很可能是组织发生()。

234567892 /O10111213141516商1718.The transition reaction in the cellular respirationAconnects glycolysis to the krebs cycle.Bgives off CO2CAll of these are correct.19. Substrate-level phosporylation takes place inAglycolysis and the krebs cycleBonly glyolysisConly the Krebs cycleDthe respiratory chain20. How many ATP molecules that are produced during the complete breadown of glucoseA30B 36C. 38D6021、The greatest contributor of electrons of electrons to the electron transport system isAoxygenBglycolysisCthe Krebs cycleDall of these are correct22、which of these is not true of fermentation?Anet gain of only two ATP Boccurs in cytosolCNADH donates electrons to electron transport systemDbegins with glucose23、Carbon dioxide co2 given off in respiration procegses.AglycolysisBKrebs cycleCelectron transport systemDboth A and C are correct.24、Fatty acids are broken down toA、pyruvate molecules, which take electrons to the electron transport systemB、acetyl groups, which enter the Krebs cycleC、amino acids which excrete ammoniaD、All of these are correct25、Oxidative phosphorylation takes place inA、glycolysisB、Krebs cycleC、electron transport system26、Which process produces both NADH and FADH2 ?Athe Krebs cycleBglycolysisCthe electron transport systemDfementation27、Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?A、the krebs cycleB、glycolysisC、the electron transport systemD、fermentation28、One turn of the Krebs cycle producesA、2 NADH,2FADH2 , 2ATPB、3 NADH,1FADH2 , 1ATPC、1NADH,2FADH2 , 2ATPD、3NADH,3FADH2 , 1ATP29、Aboutof the energy in the sucrose molecule is captured in ATP through the reaction of cellular respirationA、52%B、84%C、36%D、26%30、Which of these pairs of processes are anaerobic？A、fermentation and glycolysisB、fermentation and the Krebs cycleC、glycolysis and the krebs cycleD、glycolysis and the electron transport system.31、The process of splitting larger molecules into smaller ones is an aspect of metabolism calledA、fermentationB、chemiosmosisC、anabolismD、catabolism32、The pathway through which glucose is degraded to pyruvate is referred to asA、the citric acid cycleB、the oxidation of pyruvateC、glycolysisD、aerobic respiration33、The reaction oftake place within the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.A.the electron transport chainB.chemiosmosisC.the citric acid cycleD.glycolysis34、In the first step of the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to formA、NADHB、citrateC、pyruvateD、CO235、Which of the following is a major source of electrons for the electron transport chain in respiration？A、ATPB、NADHC、H2OD、coenzyme36、In the process ofelectron transport and ATP synthesis are coupled bya proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.A、glycolysisB、anaerobic respirationC、decarboxylationD、chemiosmosis37、Which of the following is a common energy stored in glucose？A、glucose→oxygen→NADH→waterB、glucose→NADH→ATP→electron transport chainC、glucose→NADH→electron transport chain→ATPD、glucose→electron transport chain→ATP→NADH38、Which multiprotein complex in the respiratory electron transport chain is responsible for reducing molecular oxygen？plexⅠ（NADH dehydrogenase）plex Ⅱ(succinate dehydrogenase)plex Ⅲ（cytochrome bc1 complex）plex Ⅳ(cytochrome oxidase)plex Ⅴ（ATP synthase）六、填空题(put the best word in the blanks)1．呼吸作用可分和两大类，有氧呼吸的反应式是。