外文资料翻译--火灾自动报警系统设计

外文资料翻译译文火灾自动报警系统设计随着我们国家经济的快速的发展，人民生活水平的不断提高，城市火灾自动报警系统的使用量也是一天一天增加，敦促城市建设面对这一方向发展。

这种高级的民间建筑系统所需的材料和方式的变化也更是加快，负载用的电以及天然气和煤炭消耗量扩大，使火灾自动报警系统的设计提出更高更严格的要求。

为了保证人民的生命和财产安全，火灾自动报警系统的设计已经成为高水平民用建筑设计的一个最重要的内容。

目前那些有高层民用建筑经验的工程人员讨论，并指出错误，提出了目前国家有关标准和标准不清楚真正详细来看，作者的火灾自动报警系统的设计，首先，设计的基础是在监督工作的基础上。

火灾自动报警系统的设计，是一个技术性很强的工作，而且，还具有很强的政策性。

因此，首先应该明确以下：一，设计的基础第一，必须掌握建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，设备制造标准，安装施工验收规范和管理的法律法规等五个大方面的消防法律、法规，并在实际了解有关国家标准和标准肯定的字：“必须”，“应该”，“适合”，“可以”和否定的字：“严格禁止”，“不应该”，“没有”，“不适合“的含义。

第二，必须根据高层次的民间建筑的一些功能，使用和保护东西的防火等级，要特别认真执行现在国家有关规定和标准，切实把握和做到公安消防监督部门的审批意见。

二，火灾自动报警系统设备安装1，火灾探测器的安装敞开的地方或楼梯之间应该单独划分搜索的范围，每2〜3米安装火灾探测器。

第一个房间（包括对防烟楼梯间前的警卫，前室，消防电梯前室，消防电梯楼梯间用上，对前室的警卫）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前室和电梯，分散的楼梯间和过道是相通的，节省目标与火的空间，从而容易有时间聚集分散的防火人员，因此，特别应该安装火灾探测器。

关于普通电梯在前面的房间虽然不是人员分散，但这个前室和电梯的通道是相通的，有一定时间着火的苗头，也很容易聚集和流动，一定要适当单独划分搜索范围，并且安装上防火探测器。

电缆轴，因此很容易形成烟火的地方，发生火灾时火势不容易沿电缆烧，为此，高层民用建筑设计防火规范和民用建筑电气设计标准分别提出的建设和在电线或电缆制造了详细具体的规定。

但是考虑到具体实施的困难和当前的情况，电缆轴处安装火灾探测器是非常必要的，和坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每个级别的电缆轴一般安装2〜3个。

电梯的配电机房应该安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直运输动力来源。

它的两个电梯机房，是具有火灾危险的地方，它是三个电梯正常工作所必需的。

打开的洞，一样的水平孔打开门之间，通风口之间，长时间打开电梯机房或滑轮等孔，它的四个当有火灾时，电梯通道往往成为大火走势的通道，很容易威胁到电梯机房设施和设备。

因此，电梯机房，安装火灾探测器是很必要的，也应该在电梯通道安装火灾探测器。

2，手动火灾报警按钮安装（包括反对在防烟楼梯间前在各楼层前室前室，消防用电梯前室，消防电梯对防烟楼梯间来派上用场前室与警卫看守）发生火灾时人员是分散的，从而减少了防火目标的范围，应当向设立手动火警报警按钮的首选是景点。

此外，房间也应建立在前面的按钮向警方举报的普通电梯的用手报警的火警。

在公共活动场所（包括大厅，礼堂，饭厅，多功能厅等）和主要通道等地方，工作人员很是集中的比较重要的通道。

因此应该向警察报告方案，在这些积极的公共地方的主要通道设立手动的火灾按钮，手动火警建立按钮，在主干道应向警察报告，以保证手动火灾，其中大部分是向警方报告，防火区的每个按钮位置距离，应该是不大于30米。

3，消防应急广播喇叭的安装走道，大厅，餐厅和公共场所人员都特别集中，是主要的疏散通道。

因此应该按这些公共场所防火区内的任何部位和最近一个扬声器的距离不大于25米和在过道的最后，扬声器和走道末端的距离不应大于12.5米的安装消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应该在公共浴室的地方安装紧急消防广播扬声器。

第一个房间（包括对防烟楼梯间前的警卫，前室，消防电梯前室与警卫对有烟楼梯间来派上用场前室，消防电梯）是发生火灾时的人员驱散地从而节省防火的目标和面积，还具有分离防火门的和人民的混乱和嘈杂的声音，因此，应安装消防应急广播喇叭。

在普通电梯的房间前，还应该安装消防应急广播喇叭。

楼梯间也有时发生火灾的人员疏散也节省了防火的目标，也是人们的声音感到困惑和嘈杂，因此应安装消防应急广播喇叭，有利于消防紧急广播驱散指令的发出。

4，火灾报警装置安装安装消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装火灾报警装置，但它的控制程序应该是：应确认火灾后，报警器报警，采用手动或自动控制模式统一消防相关区域传输警告，停止报警器工作，在规定的时间，迅速联动消防应急广播和人民广播疏散指令。

火灾报警装置安装的地点，笔者认为应报告相同的手动火警报警按钮的位置，其壁表面安装应距地面1.8米5，消防电话安装安装使用消防专用电话的分机电话，应设机房，这也涉到及一些人的值班，经常与消防联动控制（包括消防水源厂，备用发电机房，变电站，通风空调发动机室，排烟机房，消防电梯机房及其他），消防控制系统操作设备的地方或控制室，消防值班人员观察室，安全管理室等公共空间。

轿车的包厢，消防电梯和普通电梯，所有应安装消防电话，要求电梯机房和电梯轿厢，电梯机房，消防控制室，电梯轿厢和消防控制室和对讲通信电话系统等三个部分是可靠的。

通常在消防控制室安装电梯监控显示板（包括位置指示器，方向指示灯，电话通信显示器，故障指示灯等），以监视电梯的运行状态和进行紧急情况下的控制。

配备手动火警报告，警方的按钮等，消火栓按钮还应该安装消防特殊用途的电话插座。

第三，消防联动控制1，消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵打开，停止，也应表现出打开泵按钮的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。

当消火栓设有消火栓按钮，其电气安装工作现场也应表现出消防泵的工作状态（即安装消防泵工作指示灯）。

2，消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾化灭火系统的启，停，也应表现出消防泵的工作和故障和流畅的画面，向警方报告阀，安全信号阀工作状态。

此外，水箱水位也应显示在显示器上，为了防止检修信号阀被关闭，笔者认为应使用电信号控制的信号阀，以验证它打开条件。

3，消防联动控制其他控件和控件示范的作用，应按照国家现行有关规范和标准的具体规定执行。

四，火灾自动报警系统布线为了防止发生火灾时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散，使消防工作无法进行，造成更大的经济损失，也可用于抑制电磁干扰（例如变压器，电机，电缆和火灾自动报警系统产生的影响等）。

火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和警戒线应该使用的阻燃电缆，应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。

防火手册标明应使用防火电缆，电力电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。

结束语作者有具体项目实施的经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计的实际问题，并建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线介绍出一些粗浅的意见，其目的是提高火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，及早发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，保护人身和财产安全。

外文原文The Fire Auto-alarm System DesignAlong with the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fireauto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience, proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion, by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out mistakes.First, design basisThe fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis:1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must", "be supposed", "to be suitable", "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits", "should not", "not have", "not to be suitable" the meaning.2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard, earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage, and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire detector.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire detector.The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request, each 2 ~ 3 or each level installs.The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole, like the level gate opens between the hole, the air vent, the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hallto come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.In the public active place (including hall, hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters".3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with thefire prevention, also the sounds of people are confused and noisy, therefore should establishthe fire emergency to broadcast the speaker, by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the instruction.4th, fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly5th, fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security manages spot and so on public room. Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls.Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button, firehydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle.Third, fire linkage control1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp).2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition.3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation.Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. Uses Ming Fushi, should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking.Fifth, concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated thedesign basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances thefire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.。