2 翻译技巧--词类转换法
翻译技巧词类转换法
one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
第9页,此课件共28页哦
I. Converting to verbs
练习(二)
1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.
waste of time. 工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会,他们认为对这个问题进
行任何调查都是浪费时间。
5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current
affairs. 练习: 1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East
8. In general, drying a solid means the removal of relatively small
amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value.
翻译技巧-B级考试
2. 将词义做具体化的引申(抽象—具体) 英语中有时候也用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示 某种具体事物,译为汉语中应做具体化的引申.
• She respects him for what he is, not for what he has. • The Great Wall is a must for everyone to visit Beijing. • The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.
2、省词 为了避免行文拖泥带水,有时需删减个 别可有可无的或违背汉语表达习惯的词句, 但绝不能把原文中的思想内容省去。 一般来讲,英语中的冠词、连词、介词、 泛指的人称代词、重复出现的人称/物主代 词往往可以省略;引导主语从句、宾语从 句的that、强调句中的it等一般可以省略。
• While reading, do not allow yourself to regress, but keep reading ahead in every sentence, even when you come across a new word. • If winter comes, can spring be far behind? • Smoking is prohibited in public places. • There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the tree, and the grass was dead. • 阅读时,不要回头读;即使遇到一个生词也应该继 续往下读。 • 冬天来了,春天还会远吗? • 公共场所不许吸烟。 • 天未下雪,但已经叶落草枯。
四、增词和省词
1、增词 是根据语言结构、语义、语气和文 化背景的需要增加一些词来更忠实 通顺地表达原文的意思,将原文中 的“隐含成分”表达出来。但,不 能无中生有地随意增词。
浅谈英语翻译的方法和技巧
浅谈英语翻译的方法和技巧作者:王天乐来源:《中学课程辅导·教师教育》 2019年第2期前言英语是国际上指定的官方语言,同样也是世界上使用最为广泛的语言。
掌握一定的英语翻译方法与技巧不仅有助于提升我们的语言学习及使用能力,同时还加深对外国文化及风俗习惯等方面的了解。
而且在翻译的过程中,能够在翻译中感受英语的魅力,在反复翻译的推敲中理解英语。
一、英语翻译常用方法及技巧(一)直译法直译法是英语翻译中最简单的方法,就是直接将英语翻译出来,按照文章的语句顺序翻译,使得英语翻译能够体现出原文的特点,还能保留其原文形式。
因为英语和汉语之间有许多互通之处,所以一些英语句子能够使用直译法直接翻译出来,像是李宁品牌的宣传标语“Everything is possible”,意思为一切皆有可能。
由此可见,直译法在英语翻译中的发挥着很大的作用,使用简单的方式就能够对英语句子进行准确翻译。
(二)增译法因为英语和汉语在思维方式、语言习惯以及表达方式上都存在一定的差异,所以在进行英语翻译时,要在句子中恰当的增添一些词汇或是短语,以此将原文意思更加精确地表达出来,这样不仅能够提升英语翻译的效果,还有助于读者对文章更好的理解,降低其理解难度。
所以此种方式也是实际英语翻译中常用的翻译技巧。
另外,在使用汉语进行交流表达时,往往可以将主语省略,但是在英语表达上,能够转化为被动语态的只有“There be”句型,而其他大部分英语句式都要通过对其增添一些主语,才能够将英语原文翻译的更加准确。
比如:The lion is the King of animals.用直译法翻译就是“狮子是动物的王”,这样的表示显然不够精准,所以可以将其翻译为“狮子是百兽之王”,通过增加“百”,可以达到准确翻译的目的。
除此之外,在英语翻译中,会发现英语和汉语除了在句式上存在不同,在代词、连词的使用上也存在着很大的差异。
因此,在进行英语翻译时,要注意不能够违背原文所要表达的含义,对于“It”在文中比到达什么含义一定联系上下文,在文中寻找其所代替的词语,以此提升英语翻译的准确性。
翻译技巧之转化法
某些名词翻译成动词
• The lecturer gave an excellent
picture of the living conditions in
Africa. • 讲演者生动地描绘了非洲的生活状况
• We can make use of atomic
energy in the production processes. • 我们可以在这些生产过程中应用原子 能
3. Even today the American dollar is technically “backed” by the store of gold which the US government maintains.
2.形容词变名词
• You are skillful in all such matters.
三、 转译成形容词
1.名词变形容词
• He found some difficulties to
design a reactor without a computer. • 她感到没有电脑要设计反应堆是困难 的。
• They admitted the feasibility of
our proposal. • 他们承认我们的建议是可行的。
• A call for papers is being issued.
• 征集论文的通知正在陆续发出 • She has gained her master’s
degree and is finally off welfare.
• 她已经获得了硕士学位并终于摆脱了 救济
• When they see you down in the
• He had never seen Clem act like
翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法
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课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
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课堂练习参考译文:
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。 • 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。 • 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science 他从来没有上过医学院,但他却获得了理学博士这样难得 的荣誉学位
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英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往 往转译成汉语副词 • Below 4°C, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. • 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀,而不是不断地收 缩。 • Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. • 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。
lecture 4 翻译技巧二 词类转换法
• 1.This is the last place where I expected to meet you. • 2.She told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby. • 3.He is unhappy now, because he had a blue with his friend just
9. 他会立即答复。
He will give an immediate reply.
4. 转译成副词
A. Nouns—Adverbs
1. The man nodded with satisfaction. 那人满意地点了点头。 2. He had the honor to attend the congress. 他荣幸地出席了代表大会。
and wisdom.
• 7.Mr. Smith has stepped into the vintage years.
技巧一 (词义选择)练习答案:
1.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 2.她对我说她那18岁的儿子是她子女中最小的。 3.他刚和朋友吵架,正闷闷不乐呢。 4.一个绝望的人,一个残废兵,零钱 5.我们应本着和平共处五项原则的精神解决争端。 6.我们又一次领受了他渊博的知识、丰富的经验和
3. The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1. 图一所示是这种新型机器的简图。
3. 转译成形容词
A. Nouns—Adjectives
1. I can note the grace of her gesture. 我可以看到她优雅的举止。
now. • 4. a broken man a broken soldier broken money • 5. We should settle the disputes in the context of the Five
汉译英翻译的技巧
汉译英翻译的技巧一. 正确认识翻译技巧从中国人进行的翻译定位上看,无论是英译汉还是汉译英,其根本问题都在译者的英语水平或造诣上。
英译汉的题型,关键在于理解原文;而汉译英的题型,关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识,将我们原本理解的相当明白的汉语文字,以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。
笔者想提醒考生注意的是,各种翻译技巧只是工具。
茅盾先生有一句话,如果两种语言的功底不够,那些技巧你也用不上;但若功底深厚,那些条条就成了不足取的框框。
因此,我们对于翻译技巧的讲解,只是大致谈几个方面,大家在翻译的过程中了解注意就可以了。
关键在于遵循常用方法多做练习,只有经过大量的训练,不懈的练习,才可以熟能生巧。
大家的英语水平提高了,词汇量有了一定的积累,各种句型结构熟透于心了,翻译水平自然会上去的。
二. 关于汉译英的翻译技巧,我们大致需要注意这几方面:1、翻译的基本方法:关于直译与意译英语和汉语是两种不同的语言 ,每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统 ,在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。
然而 ,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。
比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。
正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点 ,所以在翻译实践中 ,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。
直译和意译是两种重要的翻译方法。
直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
意译,也称为自由翻译 ,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
直译与意译相互关联、互为补充,同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。
通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确理解,我们可以更多地认识到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译,以及在运用直译与意译的时候所应该掌握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题,最终达到提高翻译能力及水平的目的。
考生这里应当注意,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。
例如:我们的朋友遍天下。
如果译成“Our friends are all over the world”是直译,而“We have friends all over the world”就是意译。
翻译技巧(2)词类转换法
I. Review and comments on the assignment 狗的主人们,请别买那种带卷轴的牵狗皮带。 狗的主人们,请别买那种带卷轴的牵狗皮带。 这种皮带要占上近40英尺长的人行道。 这种皮带要占上近 英尺长的人行道。 英尺长的人行道 给自己省点钱吧,你就别用这种皮带来把行人绊倒吧, 给自己省点钱吧,你就别用这种皮带来把行人绊倒吧, Dog owners; please don’t buy that leash-on-a干脆用大棒算了。 干脆用大棒算了。 reel thing that takes up 40ft. of sidewalk. Save 我把你的狗说成无性别区分的“ 我把你的狗说成无性别区分的“它”的时候 yourself some money: let your dog run free and 难道我还得从你那叭儿狗的趾高气扬的步伐中 你干吗要生气? 你干吗要生气? use a看出某种女性的气质来吗? with instead. large stick to trip people 看出某种女性的气质来吗? And why do you get offended when I refer to your dog as “it”? Was it supposed to be checking out its genitals the whole time? Or am I just supposed to get some kind of feminine vibe from your bulldog’s strut?
I. Review and comments on the assignment 我认识的一个妇人每年都给她的狗们 举行类似犹太男孩成人仪式. 举行类似犹太男孩成人仪式. 即使是从宗教的角度来看这也是不正确的。 即使是从宗教的角度来看这也是不正确的。 人们还为他们的狗织衣服。 人们还为他们的狗织衣服。 A woman I know throws her dogs a Bar Mitzvah 我可从来没有织过什么东西。 我可从来没有织过什么东西。 如果结婚意味着织衣服,而不是买只戒指, 如果结婚意味着织衣服 correct on a religious every year. That’s not even ,而不是买只戒指, 不过,那么就会出现更多的婚外生育。 编织似乎是件很严肃而费劲的事。 不过 People knit their dogs things. Now 编织似乎是件很严肃而费劲的事 level.,那么就会出现更多的婚外生育。 。 I’ve never knitted anything, but it looks like a pretty serious endeavor. If getting married meant knitting something instead of buying a ring, there would be even more out-of –wedlock births.
翻译技巧
2.十种翻译技巧了解完四种翻译方法后,我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧,即重复法(repetition),增词法(amplification),省略法(omission),词类转换法(conversion),词序调整法(inversion),拆译法(division),正说反译和反说正译法(negation),语态变换法(voice changes),引申法和句子成分转译法。
2.2.1重复法(repetition)重复法(repetition)是在翻译中,为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确,文字通顺、流畅,符合目的语习惯的文字,而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。
例子:1. You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary manin the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to th em in German. (重复谓语动词)你一定要问一问家庭主妇们,问一问街头玩耍的孩子,问一问集市上做买卖的百姓,听听他们说些什么,他们如何说,你就如何译;这样他们就会理解,就会明白:你是在用德语和他们讲话。
2. We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)我们必须分析问题,解决问题。
3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分) 无知是畏惧之源,羡慕之根。
4. But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)但我们仍有不足,而且是很大的不足。
翻译技巧词类转换法
常用词类转换形式
A. Converting to verbs(转译成动词)
1 名词转译成动词 (n.---v.) 2 介词转译成动词。(prep.---v.) 3 形容词转译成动词(adj.---v.) 4 副词转译为动词(adv.---v.)
新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们旳尊敬。
Exercise
1. Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin.
2. With slight modification each type can be used for all three systems.
重量单位是克,长度单位是米,容量单位是升。
The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers’ need.
机器旳在大小(或尺寸)能够根据顾客旳需要变化。
All you have done is proportional to all you
发展旳道路虽然漫长,可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。
He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.
他在公园散步,手里拿着一把伞。
It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty.
have achieved.
句子翻译一:词类转换(2)
example
• The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor. • 新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫 民,获得了他们的一些好感。
• 名词转译成形容词
• This issue is of vital importance. • 这个问题至关 重要的. • The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. • 她的苍白的脸色清楚地表明她此时 的情绪.
example
1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占 的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权 利的基础上来解决中东冲突。
example
• 2.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. • 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的 机声,令我特别神往。含有动作意味 的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较 多)往往可以转译成动词。
example
• • • • • This is sheer nonsense. 完全 Buckley was in a clear minority. 显然
example
• We must make full use of exiting technical equipment.
形容词转译成名词
名词转换 1.名词转译成动词 2.名词转译成副词 3.名词转译成形容词
1. 名词转译成动词
英汉词语特点
• 汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个
特点,往往在英语句子中只用一个谓
大学英语翻译教程 第五版 PPT第六讲
6.1 转换成汉语动词
❖ 词类转换是英汉翻译中不可或缺的变通手段, 是突破原文词性束缚、避免貌合神离的硬译死 译,使译文准确、通顺、易懂的有效方法。
❖并不意味着词类转换可以随心所欲,而必须遵 循忠实于原文意义、使译文自然流畅、通顺易 懂的原则。
6.1 转换成汉语动词
❖ 英语动词远比汉语动词用得少。一个英语句子 (单句)往往只用一个限定性动词作谓语,而 在一个汉语句子中却可以出现几个动词。
(41) Experts say this is actually a picture after
Picasso.
6.1.2 介词(与介词短语)转译成动词
❖ 此外,英语中不少的短语介词同样具有动作、 行为意义,这些短语介词汉译时,也往往转换 成动词。 (42) Before long his thoughts were centred on the use of air as the working fluid, instead of steam. (43) In view of human history this could be a slight enough hope.
LOGO
第 六 讲 翻译技巧(二): 词类转换
❖ 在忠实于原文的前提下,根据译入语的行文习 惯,适当进行词类转换(即将原文中属于某种 词类的词译成译语的另一类词),能使译文通 顺达意、自然流畅。
(1) Those small factories are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of raw materials. 原译:那些小厂还是原材料极大的消耗者和浪费 者。
(14) The engine has given a constantly good performance.
词的翻译技巧
Practice
1 New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants. 2 The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 3 The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years. 4 I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 5 He is a good singer. 6 In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 7 A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.
He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people. 他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代 表。 他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. 其他政府活动则是各个州的责任,各州 都有自己的宪法和法律。 其他政府职能则由各个州来承担,各州 都有自己的宪法和法律。
翻译技巧3 词类的转译
2)此外,根据情况还有些形容词 可以译成名词。
例:Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软 弱。
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练习:
Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship.
• 同一类词在不同的上下文中,
或由不同的译者翻译,完全可能 转化成不同的词类,但这并不意 味着词类转换可以随心所欲,必 须忠实于原文意义。
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常见的词类转换类型:
一、转换成汉语动词 二、转换成汉语名词
三、转换成汉语形容词
四、转换成汉语副词
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一、转换成汉语动词
1、名词转译成动词
2、介词与介词短语转译成动词
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例:I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I . 恐怕我不能教你游泳。我想我的小弟 弟比我教得更好。
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练习:
Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings.
3、形容词转译成动词
4、副词转译成动词
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一、转换成汉语动词
1、名词转译成动词 英语中许多含有动作意义的名词 和由动词派生的名词以及其他一些 名词经常可以转译成汉语的动词。
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1)具有动作含义的名词转译成动词。 The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活 的乐趣。 【译文】 回想起这些事情,使他的生活 增添了乐趣。
汉译英
汉译英翻译技巧(一)词类转换在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词;汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词,汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。
其中,汉语动词转换为英语抽象名词尤为普遍。
试看以下各例:例1.中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。
如不注意词性转换,译文可能是:The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.这种译文显得有些口语化,不够庄重。
不如改用抽象名词non-use:The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.例2.禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。
To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets.To prohibit any act of treason, session, sedition and theft of state secrets.以上译文一使用split, incite, steal等动词,虽然语义正确,但似乎不够庄重。
译文二使用抽象名词,因而显得文字严谨,适合正式法律条文的风格。
例3.技术引进合同应当订明下列事项:引进技术的保密义务,改进技术的归属和分享。
译文一:Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.译文二、Provisions on the confidentiality obligation as regards the imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.对于“保密”这一动作,译文一使用相应的的动词keeping confidential,显得过于口语化。
英汉翻译中的转换法综述
英汉翻译中的转换法综述【摘要】翻译就是从语义到语体在译语中用最贴切,最自然的对等语再现源语的信息。
由于英汉两种语言在语法或表达习惯上存在巨大差异, 在英汉翻译的过程中, 往往需要改变原文的词类或句子成分。
作为英汉翻译中常用的翻译技巧,转换法可以使译文自然、流畅、准确,既传达原意又符合汉语的表达习惯。
【abstract】Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor l anguage the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in terms of meaning ,and secondly in terms of style.Due to the great differences between English and Chinese in gramm ar and expression style, translation need to adopt the approa ches of changing the word classes and sentence components in English-Chinese (E-C) translation.conversion ,As a frequentl y-used translation technique,makestranslators to achieve a natu ral, fluent and accurate translation that not only conveys t he original text’s information but also fits the idiomatic u sage of Chinese.【关键词】英汉翻译词类句子成分转换[key words]Englishing-chinesetranslation,word classes,sentence c omponents ,conversion词类转换是常用的英汉翻译技巧。
翻译课2
增词法的主要分类
1.增加动词 2.增加形容词 3.增加副词 4.增加名词 5.增加表示名词复数的词 6.增加表示时态的词 7.增加语气助词 8.增加量词 9.增加必要的背景词语 10.增加概括性词语 11.增加承上启下的词。 12.根据句法上的需要增补原文省略成分,添加语句或单词
1.增加动词 They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. 他们谈了差不多八个小时,中间吃了一顿晚饭,接着 谈到深夜。 He went home after the concert and the movie. 在听完演唱会,看完电影之后,他才回家。 He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation. 他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。 To average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that English often means a good opportunity for one's career, is this really the case? 对于一般人来说,他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一 份好的工作,这是真的吗?
4.增加名词 1). 在不及物动词后面增加名词 Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer. 玛丽在丈夫患癌症去世后,就靠洗衣服维持生 活。 Day after day he came to his work---sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.
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2 prep --v(含动作意味)(across, past, toward…)
Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a
huge building. 他们沿着大街走去,经过很多商店,穿过一个 大广场。 The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 发展的道路虽然漫长,可我们已坚定地走了上 这条路。 He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand. 他在公园散步,手里拿着一把伞。
Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. 不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明,或者那 些可能比你更聪明的人。 Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment? 史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗?
写作时过分使用名词,势必给动词增加太多的负担, 因而妨碍思路畅通。
B. The real shocker was that things dragged on well beyond the two weeks I had anticipated.
最令人吃惊的是,事情拖了两周,大 大超过我原来设想的时间。
b. Converting to noun
当英语动词的意义不易用汉语动词表达,或不能表达得很 准确时,可以把动词转译为名词。 1. v.---n. The book did not impress me at all. 那本书没留给我什么印象。 Harry aims to become a computer expert. 哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。 Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. 你工作的毛病是不注意细节。(粗心大意) The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms. 这台机器的重量是500公斤。
4 副词转译为动词(adv.---v.) What film will be on this evening? 今晚放映什么影片? That book will be out pretty soon. 那本书不久就要出版了。 In those years the republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。 Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. 安装双层窗御寒。 动名词转译成动词(gerund---v.) The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。
形容词->副词
This is sheer nonsense. 这完全是胡说。 Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利显然属于少数。 名词<--->副词 名词->副词 The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city. 新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。 副词--名词 They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally. 但是,他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得 好。
To be independent is an absolute necessity for young people. 独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。 In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。 With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要稍加修理,这台机器便可以运转。
A. Converting to verbs
Why /when/how Static vs dynamic; norminalization A.The doctor’s extremely quick arrivals and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达,并非常仔细地检查了病人,因此病人很快就康 复了。 The effect of the overuse of nouns in writing is the placing of too much strain upon the verbs and the resultant prevention of movement of the thought. One who overuses nouns in writing places too much strain upon the verbs and as a result prevents the thought from moving along
d 作为习语(较固定动词+n)主体的名词-> 动词
They took a final look at Mike,…… 他们最后看了麦克一眼,…… He has already made mention of the matter in his speech. 他在演讲中曾提到过这件事。
Litmus paper can be used as an indicator of the presence or not of acid in a solution.
石蕊试纸可用以测试溶液是否含酸
A. Converting to verbs
when and how: 1. n.---v. 英语中具有动作意义的名词,汉译时往往可转 化为动词。 They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工,要求工资增加40%。 He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。
When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected. 光照到某种物体上会弹回来,这种情况我们称之为光受
到反射。
The youths always dream fondly of their future. 年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。 Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给 予了很高的评价。
Converting to verbs
a. Deverbative n (政论) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English. 操作电脑需要一些英语知识。 b.名词(含动词意味)(记叙、描写) The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,我特别神往。 Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. 国与国社会制度的不同bu应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
Translation Techniques (2) Conversion of Part of Speech
Teaching contents A. Converting to verbs B. Converting to nouns C. Converting to other parts of speech
很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。
C.Converting to other parts of speech
You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be. 你比我所想象得要傻得多(n.—adj.) Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad. 我国政府十分关心海外华侨。 His address impressed me deeply. 他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。 From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。
2. adj.---n. The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through. 天上有云,不过太阳就要破云而出了。 Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. 服从命令是军人的天职。 Many Western people are religious.