托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】
老托精选93篇+译文+听力原文整理版(一个文档版本)
老托Part C精选93篇1Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.社区服务是我校教育的重要组成部分。
老托听力93篇原文
老托Part C精选93篇1Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one communityactivity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a childwith math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a halfhour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentorto the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoringnext week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stopby Professor Dodge's office this week.【生词摘录】ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a wholemachine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分2.tutor: n.［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and isdirectly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师 v. to teach someone as a tutor 给,当家庭教师；指导3.mentor: n.［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a lessexperienced person 顾问，指导人，教练12I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mentiona few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance hasexisted in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no morethan verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky itwas to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example,the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, youcan see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. Thesewere outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?【生词摘录】1.insurance: n.［U］an arrangement with a company in which you pay themmoney each year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, suchas an illness or an accident 保险；the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company 保险费；the business of providing insurance 保险业2.bottomry: n.船舶抵押契约（如船舶损失，则债务取消），冒险借贷3.contract: n.［C］a formal written agreement between two or morepeople,which says what each person must do for the other 契约；合同4.loan: n.［C］an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc（银行等的）贷款5.understanding: n.［C usually singular］a private, unofficial agreement（私底下、非正式的）协议，协定6.interest: n.［U］a charge made for borrowing money（借贷的）利息［+on］7.piracy: n. the crime of attacking and stealing from ships at sea海上抢劫，海盗行为8.cautious: adj. careful to avoid danger or risks小心的，谨慎的，慎重的9.hazardous: adj.危险的10.s alient: adj.formal the salient points or features of something are themost important or most noticeable parts of it 【正式】显著的，突出的11. paramount: adj. more important than anything else 至高无上的，最重要的3Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater movingbelt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars wouldaffect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the diversand then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust toa pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of thetreadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity,the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.【生词摘录】1.gallon: n.AmE a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres【美】加仑（等于 3.785升）2.vat: n.［C］a very large container for storing liquids such as whisky ordye,when they are being made（酿酒、盛染料用的）大缸，大桶3.tank: n.［C］a large container for storing liquid or gas（盛放液体或气体的）大容器4.treadmill: n.［C］a mill worked in the past by prisoners treading onsteps fixed to a very large wheel（过去用以惩罚犯人的）踏车5.aerospace: adj. involving the designing and building of aircraft and spacevehicles 航空和航天（器制造）的 n.［U］the industry that designs and buildsaircraft and space vehicles 航空和航天工业，航天工业6.scuba diving: n.［U］the sport of swimming under water while breathingthrough a tube connected to a container of air on your back 斯库巴潜泳，水肺潜泳（戴自携式潜水呼吸器潜泳）7.simulate: v. to make or produce something that is not real but has theappearance of being real 模仿，模拟8.Martian: adj. of or relating to the planet Mars火星的9.stride: n.［C］a long step大步，阔步10. elbow: n. ［C］the joint where your arms bends 肘Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain coveredwith saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer youa good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, ourworld famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view ofthe saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during yourvisit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of directionand can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome,but you'll still want touse an insect repellent.【生词摘录】1.Everglades National Park:大沼泽地国家公园2.saw grass:克拉莎草；加州砖子苗3.acre: n.［C］a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres英亩4.sampling: n. items selected at random from a population and used totest hypotheses about the population 取样，抽样，采样5.exotic: adj.approving seeming unusual and exciting because of beingconnected with a foreign country 【褒义】异国风情的，外国情调的：exotic birds外国的奇异鸟类6.alligator: n.［C］a large animal with a long mouth and sharp teeth thatlies in the hot wet parts of the US and China 短吻鳄7.boardwalk: n.［C］AmE a raised path made of wood, usually built nextto the sea【美】（常在海滨）用木板铺成的小道8.prairie: n.［C］a wide open area of land in North America which iscovered in grass or wheat（北美洲的）大草原9.canoe: n.［C］a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and whichyou move along using a paddle 独木舟，小划子10.n egotiate: v. <口>成功通过，顺利越过11.m osquito: n.［C］a small flying insect that sucks the blood of peopleand animals 蚊子12.r epellent: n.［C,U］a substance that keeps insects away驱虫剂Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survivalin Outer Space." Please excuse the cameras; we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probablythe first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would notbe possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It’s made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement sowe can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?【生词摘录】1.videotape: v. to record a television programme, film etc on a videotape把（电视节目、电影等）录在录像（磁）带上2.vacuum: n.［C］a space that is completely empty of all gas, especiallyone from which all the air has been taken away 真空3.shade: n.［U］slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sunmade by something blocking it 荫，背阴处4.toasty: adj.AmE informal warm and comfortable【美，非正式】暖烘烘的，温暖舒适的5.Fahrenheit: n.［U］a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°and boils at 212°华氏温度6.marvel: n.［C］something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, thatyou like and admire very much 十分有用（灵巧）的物（人）7.enlargement: n.［C］a photograph that has been printed again in alarger size 放大的照片8.life-size:又作life-sized，adj. a picture or model of something or someonethat is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 与实物（真人）大小一样的9.shuttle: n.［C］a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth,and can be used more than once （可以多次使用的）航天飞机，太空穿梭机10.m ission: n.［C］an important job done by a member of the airforce,army etc, especially an attack on the enemy 任务，使命11.t orso: n.［C］your body, not including your head, arms, or legs（头和四肢除外的）人体躯干12.durable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even if used a lot耐用的13.i nsulation: n.［U］material used to insulate something, especially abuilding（尤指建筑物的）绝缘材料；the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated 隔绝14.e xtreme: n.［C］something that goes beyond normal limits, so that itseems very unusual and unacceptable 极端15.b ladder: n.［C］a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside afootball, that can be filled with air or liquid （可充气或充水的）囊；袋16.i nflatable: adj. an inflatable object has to be filled with air before you canuse it 须充气方可使用的，（需）充气的17.s ac: n.technical a part inside a plant or animal that is shaped like a bagand contains liquid or air 【术语】（动物或植物的）囊；液囊18.i nnermost: adj.formal furthest inside【正式】最里面的19.v entilation: n.［U］通风（ventilate: v. to let fresh air into a room,building etc 使通风）20.h elmet: n.［C］a strong hard hat worn for protection by soldiers,motorcycle riders, the police etc 头盔，钢盔，安全帽21.demonstrate: v. to show or prove something clearly证明，论证，证实；toshow or describe how something works or is done 示范，演示；to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about something （为公开抗议某事）游行，示威；to show that you have a particular skill, quality, or ability 展示，表露出（某种技能、品质或能力）6Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club,I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video versionof the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piecerefers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The centralsymbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancerin this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that.So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.【生词摘录】1.present: v. to give a performance in a theatre, cinema, etc, or broadcast aprogramme on television or radio 上演；演出；表演；播出（电视或广播节目）2.ballet: n.［C］a performance in which a special style of dancing andmusic tell a story without any speaking 芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞曲3.animation: n.［U］the process of making animated films动物片的制作4.wheel: n.［C］one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc thatturn when it moves （汽车、公共汽车、自行车等的）车轮5.firework: n.［C usually plural］a small container filled with powder thatburns or explodes to produce coloured lights, noise, and smoke 烟火，烟花，焰火6.pinwheel: n.［C］a toy consisting of a stick with curved pieces of plasticat the end that turn around when they are blown 玩具风车（windmill, BrE）7.pineapple: n.［C,U］a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicyyellow flesh 菠萝，凤梨8.controversy: n.［C,U］a serious argument or disagreement, especially aboutsomething such as a plan or decision, that continues for a long time 争论；辩论；争议9.rhythmic:又作rhythmical, adj. having rhythm有节奏的10.a dventurous: adj.又作adventuresome,AmE【美】eager to go to newplaces and do exciting or dangerous things 喜欢冒险的，有冒险精神的；not afraid of taking risks or trying new things 敢作敢为的，大胆创新的11.choreography: n.［U］the art of arranging how dancers should move during8a performance 编舞（艺术）；舞蹈设计12.s ymbolism: n.［U］the use of symbols to represent something象征主义（手法）9In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six monthsold. You'll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we'regoing to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will seethe two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. Butthen a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will onlysee two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that suchyoung children can count. My own research has convinced me that they havethis ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?【生词摘录】1.hypothesis: n.plural hypotheses,［C］an idea that is suggested as apossible way of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc, which has notyet been shown to be true 假设，假说2.closed circuit television (TV): a system in which cameras send picturesto television sets that is used in many public buildings to protect them from crime 闭路电视3.well-established: adj. established for a long time and respected历史悠久且享有盛誉的4.untapped: adj. an untapped resource, market etc has not yet been used（资源、市场等）未开发的；未利用的10Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical factsthat might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello wasthe very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian.In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architectAndrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influenceon the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house—for example, food—especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house andthe nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state ofVirginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.【生词摘录】1.Monticello:蒙提切娄2.appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is欣赏，赏识，鉴赏3.enthusiast: n.［C］someone who is very interested in a particularactivity or subject 热衷于,的人4.estate: n.［C］a large area of land in the country, usually with one largehouse on it and one owner （在乡村附有宅地的）一大片私有土地，庄园5.elevation: n.［singular］a height above the level of the sea海拔6.spectacular: adj. very impressive and exciting壮观的，精彩的，引人注目的7.vantage point: a good position from which you can see something（能观察某物的）有利位置11Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get downto work. As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. Thepresident has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we'reworking with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presentedus with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet ourneeds. He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted meto tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemoratethe planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have beensuggested. So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.【生词摘录】1.item: n.［C］a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set（尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项；一件；一条2.trustee: n.［C］a member of a group that controls the money of acompany,college, or other organization（公司、学院等的）理事，董事会成员: v.especially AmE to earn a particular amount of money as a profitafter tax has been paid 【尤美】获得净收入，净赚4.finalize: v. to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc使（计划、交易等）确定，最后定下5.nursery: n.［C］a place where plants and trees are grown and sold苗圃（garden center,BrE）12Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving thisbarn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and lastup to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching iscertainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In theseventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use.It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lastinga thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw andreeds are so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materialscan. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer andwarm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity—the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasonsto start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?【生词摘录】1.thatcher: n.［C］someone skilled in making a roof from plant stalks orfoliage 盖屋顶者2.barn: n.［C］a large farm building for storing crops, or for keepinganimals in 谷仓，粮秣房，仓库，牲口棚；informal a large, plain building 【非正式】空荡荡的大房子3.withstand: v. to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something such asgreat heat or cold, great pressure etc 耐得住，承受住（酷热、严寒、高压等）4.in a nutshell:spoken used when you are stating the main facts aboutsomething in a short, clear way 【口】一言以蔽之，简括地说，用一句话概括5.beam: n.［C］a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in buildinghouses,bridges etc 梁，横梁6.rafter: n.［C usually plural］one of the large sloping pieces of wood thatform the structure of a roof 椽7.skeleton: n.［C］the most important parts of something, to which moredetail can be added later 骨架，框架；梗概，纲要8.reed: n.［C］a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places芦苇9.straw: n.［U］the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that are used foranimals to sleep on, and for making things such as baskets, mats etc 秸秆（如麦秆等）10.c olonist: n.［C］someone who settles in a new colony开拓殖民地的居民，拓殖者11.s hingle: n.［C］one of many small thin pieces of building materials,especially wood, used to cover a roof or wall（覆盖屋顶或墙用的）木瓦；屋面板；墙面板12.slate: n.［U］a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces板岩，板石13.clay: n.［U］heavy sticky soil that can be used for making pots, bricks etc黏土14.t ile: n.［C］a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used forcovering roofs, floors etc（屋顶、地板等上用的）瓷砖，地砖15.l ongevity: n.［U］formal long life【正式】长寿；technical the length of aperson or anima l’s life【术语】（人或动物的）寿命A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as "gourmet coffees" into the American market. Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston'smerchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmetcoffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to thepoint that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back tothe regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.【生词摘录】1.premium: adj. of high quality高级的，优质的2.blended: adj. combined or mixed together so that the constituent partsare indistinguishable 混合的3.gourmet: n.［C］someone who knows a lot about food and wine andwho enjoys good food and wine 美食家4.birthplace: n.［C usually singular］the place where someone was born,especially someone famous （尤指名人的）出生地；the place where something first started to happen or exist 发源地，发祥地15You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of whatphotography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions thatmost photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain,and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. WhatStieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography couldbe just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz,his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?"【生词摘录】1.experiment: v. to try various ideas, methods etc to see whether they willwork or what effect they will have 试验；试用2.skyscraper: n.［C］a very tall modern city building摩天大楼3.identical: adj. exactly the same完全相同的［+to］4.capture: v. to succeed in showing or describing a situation or feelingusing words or pictures（用语言或图片）记录下5.retouch: v. to improve a picture or photograph by painting over marks ormaking other small changes 描绘，润色（图画、照片）16。
老托阅读100篇答案
老托阅读100篇答案【篇一：老托阅读100篇学科分类指南】（按所属学科进行分类）---通过分类一进行索引，分类二进行具体应用5. 经济学二、科普知识1. 天文类（天文类，气象类）2. 地理类（地质类，地理类）3. 物理类4. 生物类（动物类，植物类）5. 化学类6. 医学类分类方式二：（阿拉伯数字达标所属篇目）1. 社会学1. 冰箱的发展3. 印第安人变篮子的故事14 电视对美国政治的影响18 女性对美国建立初期的贡献19 北美城市的发展20 壁炉的构造22 北美城市的发展改革23 美国早期城市功能的发展25 营养学研究的历史31 房租租金的控制34 城市的发展以及移民，工业化39 印第安人捕鱼的生活方式40 一周工人工作时间的演变46 宾夕法尼亚暖气锅炉的改造55 建立公园的计划69 美国报纸上气象报道图的变化73 科学，技术工业三者在不同时间段的关系 80 美国调查方式的实施84 美国早期印刷业的内容96 homestead act 的弊端2. 物理类2. 水循环3.艺术类4 哈德逊河派的绘画5 创造文化的材料和技术的阐述21 美国早期雕塑的发展28 19世纪末20世纪初艺术的发展32 西方艺术发展史36 美国水彩画协会的发展49 古代陶瓷的制作方式50 1957 希腊陶瓷技术的发展68 北美陶瓷的制作72 哈莱姆文艺复兴89 19世纪静物艺术品91 不同时期艺术装饰风格的简介100 小提琴的发展和使用4. 经济类42 美国铁路发展给美国带来的影响45 19世纪的家庭工作52 美国劳动力从农业到工业的转变58 从狩猎到农业的改变对人类生活的影响60 美国棉花在19时期作为重要的出口商品71 地理位置对城市发展的影响93 洛杉矶城市的发展94 美国工业化给美国经济带来的改变5. 动物学16 鸟的祖先17 鹦鹉产卵的方式30 蝴蝶的种类59 历史上第一只鸟的介绍62 关于鸟换毛的事63 鸟躲避侵略者的三种策略64 蚂蚁工作方式的介绍70鸟搭窝的方式75 早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭绝的影响79 动物行为的研究86 蚂蚁生存使用的各种信号95 昆虫怎样用信息素来传递信息98 松鼠吃橡果的迷6. 考古学9.孟买象化石的发现地41 地球物种灭绝的分析59 历史上第一只鸟的介绍75早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭绝的影响78 远古的文字 88 化石的形成90 某时期变化对海洋生物的影响7. 人类学10 人类饮食活动的变化39 海边印第安人的捕鱼生活方式8. 植物学11 竹屋怎样防御外界的侵害859. 地质类13. 27 土壤分解法38 有关冰河时代的41 地球物种灭绝的分析74 冰川的形成及融化76 泥土的形成及其用途87 热能在大气中传输92 岩石层对气候的影响10. 生物类15 菌类对农业的影响51 美国建立自然生态保护园的介绍77 生物灭绝的原因 11. 农业类15. 菌类对农业的影响29 一种农业机器在美国的普遍使用12. 天文类24 地球极地激光的形成和外形26 关于某彗星的介绍 35 一种岩洞对观察天象的影响65 彗星的coma的形成81 木星的简介97 对月亮两个区域的研究13. 心理类33 关于做决定的研究37 人的声音对个性的影响66 小孩学说话79 动物行为的研究82 婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动物的影响14. 医学类43 抗感染药的发明44 大脑中神经系统的结构15 教育类47 美国在20世纪初对移民者的介绍16. 人物类48 不同领导的领导风格17. 化学类6 硫酸钾在造玻璃和肥皂时的作用 53 玻璃纤维的使用方法18.音乐类54 被作曲家采用越来越多的音乐元素56 民歌定义的不同理解72 哈莱姆文艺复兴19. 地理类67 某个奇特地方的植被20. 文学类8321．气象类99 碳水化合物和气温的关系【篇二：老托福阅读100篇-练习阅读最好的材料】xt>老托福阅读100篇-练习阅读最好的材料摘要：不少考生来电咨询想要下载老托福阅读100篇的内容，今天小编花费了一定量的时间和精力，不服众望，下面就随着小编来了解下老托福阅读100篇的部分内容吧!无论你基础差，或者基础好，练习阅读最好的材料-老托福阅读100篇,你的必备托福精华资料，这些资料对于学习好的学生和学习差的学生都是必不可少的。
老托精选93篇听力原文.pdf
老托Part C精选93篇1Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one communityactivity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a childwith math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a halfhour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentorto the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoringnext week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stopby Professor Dodge's office this week.【生词摘录】ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a wholemachine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分2.tutor: n.［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and isdirectly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师 v. to teach someone as a tutor 给,当家庭教师；指导3.mentor: n.［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a lessexperienced person 顾问，指导人，教练12I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mentiona few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance hasexisted in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no morethan verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky itwas to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example,the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, youcan see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. Thesewere outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?【生词摘录】1.insurance: n.［U］an arrangement with a company in which you pay themmoney each year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, suchas an illness or an accident 保险；the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company 保险费；the business of providing insurance 保险业2.bottomry: n.船舶抵押契约（如船舶损失，则债务取消），冒险借贷3.contract: n.［C］a formal written agreement between two or morepeople,which says what each person must do for the other 契约；合同4.loan: n.［C］an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc（银行等的）贷款5.understanding: n.［C usually singular］a private, unofficial agreement（私底下、非正式的）协议，协定6.interest: n.［U］a charge made for borrowing money（借贷的）利息［+on］7.piracy: n. the crime of attacking and stealing from ships at sea海上抢劫，海盗行为8.cautious: adj. careful to avoid danger or risks小心的，谨慎的，慎重的9.hazardous: adj.危险的10.s alient: adj.formal the salient points or features of something are themost important or most noticeable parts of it 【正式】显著的，突出的11. paramount: adj. more important than anything else 至高无上的，最重要的3Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater movingbelt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars wouldaffect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the diversand then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust toa pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of thetreadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity,the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.【生词摘录】1.gallon: n.AmE a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres【美】加仑（等于 3.785升）2.vat: n.［C］a very large container for storing liquids such as whisky ordye,when they are being made（酿酒、盛染料用的）大缸，大桶3.tank: n.［C］a large container for storing liquid or gas（盛放液体或气体的）大容器4.treadmill: n.［C］a mill worked in the past by prisoners treading onsteps fixed to a very large wheel（过去用以惩罚犯人的）踏车5.aerospace: adj. involving the designing and building of aircraft and spacevehicles 航空和航天（器制造）的 n.［U］the industry that designs and buildsaircraft and space vehicles 航空和航天工业，航天工业6.scuba diving: n.［U］the sport of swimming under water while breathingthrough a tube connected to a container of air on your back 斯库巴潜泳，水肺潜泳（戴自携式潜水呼吸器潜泳）7.simulate: v. to make or produce something that is not real but has theappearance of being real 模仿，模拟8.Martian: adj. of or relating to the planet Mars火星的9.stride: n.［C］a long step大步，阔步10. elbow: n. ［C］the joint where your arms bends 肘Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain coveredwith saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer youa good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, ourworld famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view ofthe saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during yourvisit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of directionand can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome,but you'll still want touse an insect repellent.【生词摘录】1.Everglades National Park:大沼泽地国家公园2.saw grass:克拉莎草；加州砖子苗3.acre: n.［C］a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres英亩4.sampling: n. items selected at random from a population and used totest hypotheses about the population 取样，抽样，采样5.exotic: adj.approving seeming unusual and exciting because of beingconnected with a foreign country 【褒义】异国风情的，外国情调的：exotic birds外国的奇异鸟类6.alligator: n.［C］a large animal with a long mouth and sharp teeth thatlies in the hot wet parts of the US and China 短吻鳄7.boardwalk: n.［C］AmE a raised path made of wood, usually built nextto the sea【美】（常在海滨）用木板铺成的小道8.prairie: n.［C］a wide open area of land in North America which iscovered in grass or wheat（北美洲的）大草原9.canoe: n.［C］a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and whichyou move along using a paddle 独木舟，小划子10.n egotiate: v. <口>成功通过，顺利越过11.m osquito: n.［C］a small flying insect that sucks the blood of peopleand animals 蚊子12.r epellent: n.［C,U］a substance that keeps insects away驱虫剂Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survivalin Outer Space." Please excuse the cameras; we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probablythe first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would notbe possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It’s made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement sowe can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?【生词摘录】1.videotape: v. to record a television programme, film etc on a videotape把（电视节目、电影等）录在录像（磁）带上2.vacuum: n.［C］a space that is completely empty of all gas, especiallyone from which all the air has been taken away 真空3.shade: n.［U］slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sunmade by something blocking it 荫，背阴处4.toasty: adj.AmE informal warm and comfortable【美，非正式】暖烘烘的，温暖舒适的5.Fahrenheit: n.［U］a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°and boils at 212°华氏温度6.marvel: n.［C］something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, thatyou like and admire very much 十分有用（灵巧）的物（人）7.enlargement: n.［C］a photograph that has been printed again in alarger size 放大的照片8.life-size:又作life-sized，adj. a picture or model of something or someonethat is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 与实物（真人）大小一样的9.shuttle: n.［C］a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth,and can be used more than once （可以多次使用的）航天飞机，太空穿梭机10.m ission: n.［C］an important job done by a member of the airforce,army etc, especially an attack on the enemy 任务，使命11.t orso: n.［C］your body, not including your head, arms, or legs（头和四肢除外的）人体躯干12.durable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even if used a lot耐用的13.i nsulation: n.［U］material used to insulate something, especially abuilding（尤指建筑物的）绝缘材料；the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated 隔绝14.e xtreme: n.［C］something that goes beyond normal limits, so that itseems very unusual and unacceptable 极端15.b ladder: n.［C］a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside afootball, that can be filled with air or liquid （可充气或充水的）囊；袋16.i nflatable: adj. an inflatable object has to be filled with air before you canuse it 须充气方可使用的，（需）充气的17.s ac: n.technical a part inside a plant or animal that is shaped like a bagand contains liquid or air 【术语】（动物或植物的）囊；液囊18.i nnermost: adj.formal furthest inside【正式】最里面的19.v entilation: n.［U］通风（ventilate: v. to let fresh air into a room,building etc 使通风）20.h elmet: n.［C］a strong hard hat worn for protection by soldiers,motorcycle riders, the police etc 头盔，钢盔，安全帽21.demonstrate: v. to show or prove something clearly证明，论证，证实；toshow or describe how something works or is done 示范，演示；to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about something （为公开抗议某事）游行，示威；to show that you have a particular skill, quality, or ability 展示，表露出（某种技能、品质或能力）6Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club,I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video versionof the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piecerefers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The centralsymbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancerin this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that.So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.【生词摘录】1.present: v. to give a performance in a theatre, cinema, etc, or broadcast aprogramme on television or radio 上演；演出；表演；播出（电视或广播节目）2.ballet: n.［C］a performance in which a special style of dancing andmusic tell a story without any speaking 芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞曲3.animation: n.［U］the process of making animated films动物片的制作4.wheel: n.［C］one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc thatturn when it moves （汽车、公共汽车、自行车等的）车轮5.firework: n.［C usually plural］a small container filled with powder thatburns or explodes to produce coloured lights, noise, and smoke 烟火，烟花，焰火6.pinwheel: n.［C］a toy consisting of a stick with curved pieces of plasticat the end that turn around when they are blown 玩具风车（windmill, BrE）7.pineapple: n.［C,U］a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicyyellow flesh 菠萝，凤梨8.controversy: n.［C,U］a serious argument or disagreement, especially aboutsomething such as a plan or decision, that continues for a long time 争论；辩论；争议9.rhythmic:又作rhythmical, adj. having rhythm有节奏的10.a dventurous: adj.又作adventuresome,AmE【美】eager to go to newplaces and do exciting or dangerous things 喜欢冒险的，有冒险精神的；not afraid of taking risks or trying new things 敢作敢为的，大胆创新的11.choreography: n.［U］the art of arranging how dancers should move during8a performance 编舞（艺术）；舞蹈设计12.s ymbolism: n.［U］the use of symbols to represent something象征主义（手法）9In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six monthsold. You'll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we'regoing to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will seethe two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. Butthen a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will onlysee two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that suchyoung children can count. My own research has convinced me that they havethis ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?【生词摘录】1.hypothesis: n.plural hypotheses,［C］an idea that is suggested as apossible way of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc, which has notyet been shown to be true 假设，假说2.closed circuit television (TV): a system in which cameras send picturesto television sets that is used in many public buildings to protect them from crime 闭路电视3.well-established: adj. established for a long time and respected历史悠久且享有盛誉的4.untapped: adj. an untapped resource, market etc has not yet been used（资源、市场等）未开发的；未利用的10Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical factsthat might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello wasthe very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian.In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architectAndrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influenceon the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house—for example, food—especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house andthe nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state ofVirginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.【生词摘录】1.Monticello:蒙提切娄2.appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is欣赏，赏识，鉴赏3.enthusiast: n.［C］someone who is very interested in a particularactivity or subject 热衷于,的人4.estate: n.［C］a large area of land in the country, usually with one largehouse on it and one owner （在乡村附有宅地的）一大片私有土地，庄园5.elevation: n.［singular］a height above the level of the sea海拔6.spectacular: adj. very impressive and exciting壮观的，精彩的，引人注目的7.vantage point: a good position from which you can see something（能观察某物的）有利位置11Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get downto work. As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. Thepresident has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we'reworking with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presentedus with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet ourneeds. He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted meto tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemoratethe planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have beensuggested. So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.【生词摘录】1.item: n.［C］a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set（尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项；一件；一条2.trustee: n.［C］a member of a group that controls the money of acompany,college, or other organization（公司、学院等的）理事，董事会成员: v.especially AmE to earn a particular amount of money as a profitafter tax has been paid 【尤美】获得净收入，净赚4.finalize: v. to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc使（计划、交易等）确定，最后定下5.nursery: n.［C］a place where plants and trees are grown and sold苗圃（garden center,BrE）12Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving thisbarn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and lastup to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching iscertainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In theseventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use.It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lastinga thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw andreeds are so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materialscan. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer andwarm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity—the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasonsto start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?【生词摘录】1.thatcher: n.［C］someone skilled in making a roof from plant stalks orfoliage 盖屋顶者2.barn: n.［C］a large farm building for storing crops, or for keepinganimals in 谷仓，粮秣房，仓库，牲口棚；informal a large, plain building 【非正式】空荡荡的大房子3.withstand: v. to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something such asgreat heat or cold, great pressure etc 耐得住，承受住（酷热、严寒、高压等）4.in a nutshell:spoken used when you are stating the main facts aboutsomething in a short, clear way 【口】一言以蔽之，简括地说，用一句话概括5.beam: n.［C］a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in buildinghouses,bridges etc 梁，横梁6.rafter: n.［C usually plural］one of the large sloping pieces of wood thatform the structure of a roof 椽7.skeleton: n.［C］the most important parts of something, to which moredetail can be added later 骨架，框架；梗概，纲要8.reed: n.［C］a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places芦苇9.straw: n.［U］the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that are used foranimals to sleep on, and for making things such as baskets, mats etc 秸秆（如麦秆等）10.c olonist: n.［C］someone who settles in a new colony开拓殖民地的居民，拓殖者11.s hingle: n.［C］one of many small thin pieces of building materials,especially wood, used to cover a roof or wall（覆盖屋顶或墙用的）木瓦；屋面板；墙面板12.slate: n.［U］a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces板岩，板石13.clay: n.［U］heavy sticky soil that can be used for making pots, bricks etc黏土14.t ile: n.［C］a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used forcovering roofs, floors etc（屋顶、地板等上用的）瓷砖，地砖15.l ongevity: n.［U］formal long life【正式】长寿；technical the length of a【术语】（人或动物的）寿命person or animal’s lifeA lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as "gourmet coffees" into the American market. Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston'smerchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmetcoffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to thepoint that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back tothe regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.【生词摘录】1.premium: adj. of high quality高级的，优质的2.blended: adj. combined or mixed together so that the constituent partsare indistinguishable 混合的3.gourmet: n.［C］someone who knows a lot about food and wine andwho enjoys good food and wine 美食家4.birthplace: n.［C usually singular］the place where someone was born,especially someone famous （尤指名人的）出生地；the place where something first started to happen or exist 发源地，发祥地15You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of whatphotography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions thatmost photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain,and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. WhatStieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography couldbe just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz,his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?"【生词摘录】1.experiment: v. to try various ideas, methods etc to see whether they willwork or what effect they will have 试验；试用2.skyscraper: n.［C］a very tall modern city building摩天大楼3.identical: adj. exactly the same完全相同的［+to］4.capture: v. to succeed in showing or describing a situation or feelingusing words or pictures（用语言或图片）记录下5.retouch: v. to improve a picture or photograph by painting over marks ormaking other small changes 描绘，润色（图画、照片）16。
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目（三十）
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目（三十）托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目(三十) 虽然我们现在参加的都是新托福阅读考试，但是老托福阅读考试的真题，对大家平时的阅读练习，还是有很大的帮助的。
下面三立教育就为的汇总了老托福阅读真题100篇的详细内容，让我们一起来看看吧!PASSAGE 30Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects —it is estimated that 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions,rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly personal communication citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.1. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Their physical characteristics(B) Their names(C) Their adaptation to different habitats(D) Their variety2. The word consequence in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) result(B) explanation(C) analysis(D) requirement3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issuesbecause they(A) are simple in structure(B) are viewed positively by people(C) have been given scientific names(D) are found mainly in temperate climates4. The word striking in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) physical(B) confusing(C) noticeable(D) successful5. The word exceed in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) locate(B) allow(C) go beyond(D) come close to6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversityEXCEPT(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants7. The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established(C) butterflies are affected by human populations(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species8. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?(A) European butterfly habitats(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups9. The word generated in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) requested(B) caused(C) assisted(D) estimated PASSAGE 30 DABCC CBCB。
托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】.docx
托福资料之老托阅读 100 篇【完整版】老托阅读 100 篇相对 TPO 要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做 TPO 真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，为方便考生备考，太傻留学托福考试频道特意将这100 篇托福阅读理解为考生做了归纳和整理，考生只要收藏此页面，就可以在需要的时候打开进行练习了!Toefl 资料下载之老托阅读100 篇【完整版】PASSAGE 1: 冰箱的发展PASSAGE 2: 水循环PASSAGE 3: 印第安人变篮子的故事PASSAGE 4: 哈德逊河派的绘画PASSAGE 6: 硫酸钾在造玻璃和肥皂时的作PASSAGE 5: 创造文化的材料和技术用PASSAGE 7:Philadelphia's 如何发展成商业PASSAGE 8: 为什么大型动物要生活在热带中心雨林PASSAGE 9: 孟买象化石的发现地PASSAGE 10: 人类饮食活动的变化PASSAGE 11: 竹屋怎样防御外界的侵害PASSAGE 12: 动物在岩石上产卵PASSAGE 13: 地球表面岩石的生长与分类PASSAGE 14: 电视对美国政治的影响PASSAGE 15: 菌类对农业的影响PASSAGE 16: 鸟的祖先PASSAGE 17: 鹦鹉产卵的方式PASSAGE 18: 女性对美国建立初期的贡献PASSAGE 19: 北美城市的发展PASSAGE 20: 壁炉的构造PASSAGE 21: 美国早期雕塑的发展PASSAGE 22: 北美城市的发展改革PASSAGE 23: 美国早期城市功能的发展PASSAGE 24: 地球极地激光的形成和外形PASSAGE 25: 营养学研究的历史PASSAGE 26: 关于某彗星的介绍PASSAGE 28:19 世纪末 20 世纪初艺术的发PASSAGE 27: 土壤分解法展PASSAGE 29:一种农业机器在美国的普遍PASSAGE 30: 蝴蝶的种类使用PASSAGE 31: 房租租金的控制PASSAGE 32: 西方艺术发展史PASSAGE 33: 关于做决定的研究PASSAGE 34: 城市的发展以及移民PASSAGE 35: 一种岩洞对观察天象的影响PASSAGE 36: 美国水彩画协会的发展PASSAGE 37: 人的声音对个性的影响PASSAGE 38 : 有关冰河时代的PASSAGE 39: 印第安人捕鱼的生活方式PASSAGE 40: 一周工人工作时间的演变PASSAGE 42:美国铁路发展给美国带来的PASSAGE 41: 地球物种灭绝的分析影响PASSAGE 43: 抗感染药的发明PASSAGE 44: 大脑中神经系统的结构PASSAGE 45:19 世纪的家庭工作PASSAGE 46: 宾夕法尼亚暖气锅炉的改造PASSAGE 47: 美国在 20 世纪初对移民者的PASSAGE 48: 不同领导的领导风格介绍PASSAGE 50:19 世纪艺术在工业社会中的PASSAGE 49: 古代陶瓷的制作方式角色PASSAGE 51 : 美国建立自然生态保护园的PASSAGE 52:美国劳动力从农业到工业的介绍转变PASSAGE 54:被作曲家采用越来越多的音PASSAGE 53: 玻璃纤维的使用方法乐元素PASSAGE 55: 建立公园的计划PASSAGE 56: 民歌定义的不同理解PASSAGE 58:从狩猎到农业的改变对人类PASSAGE 57: 希腊陶瓷技术的发展生活的影响PASSAGE 60: 美国棉花 19 时期作为重要的PASSAGE 59: 历史上第一只鸟的介绍出口商品PASSAGE61: 北美农业殖民地艺术家作品PASSAGE 62: 关于鸟换毛的事PASSAGE 63: 鸟躲避侵略者的三种策略PASSAGE 64: 蚂蚁工作方式的介绍PASSAGE 65: 彗星的 coma 的形成PASSAGE 66: 小孩学说话PASSAGE 67: 某个奇特地方的植被PASSAGE 68: 北美陶瓷的制作PASSAGE 69:美国报纸上气象报道图的变PASSAGE 70: 鸟搭窝的方式化PASSAGE 71: 地理位置对城市发展的影响PASSAGE 72: 哈莱姆文艺复兴PASSAGE 73: 科技与工业化联系PASSAGE 74: 冰川的形成及融化PASSAGE 75:早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭PASSAGE 76: 泥土的形成及其用途绝的影响PSSAGE 77: 生物灭绝的原因PASSAGE 78: 远古的文字PASSAGE 79: 动物行为的研究PASSAGE 80: 美国调查方式的实施PASSAGE 82:婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动PASSAGE 81: 木星的简介物的影响PASSAGE 83:美国现实主义和自然主义作PASSAGE 84: 美国早期印刷业的内容家介绍PASSAGE 85: 郁金香在北美殖民地的发展PASSAGE 86: 蚂蚁生存使用的各种信号PASSAGE 87: 热能在大气中传输PASSAGE 88: 化石的形成PASSAGE 90:某时期变化对海洋生物的影PASSAGE 89:19 世纪静物艺术品响PASSAGE 91:不同时期艺术装饰风格的简PASSAGE 92: 岩石层对气候的影响介PASSAGE 94:美国工业化给美国经济带来PASSAGE 93: 洛杉矶城市的发展的改变PASSAGE 95:昆虫怎样用信息素来传递信PASSAGE 96:Homestead Act 的弊端息PASSAGE 97: 对月亮两个区域的研究PASSAGE 98 : 松鼠吃橡果的迷PASSAGE 99 : 碳水化合物和气温的关系PASSAGE 100: 小提琴的发展和使用原文网址：托福考试：。
老托福阅读100篇passage33试题及答案
老托福阅读100篇passage33试题及答案为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面小编给大家带来老托福阅读100篇passage 33试题及答案，希望大家喜欢!老托福阅读100篇passage 33试题及答案PASSAGE 33Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend andremember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions(C) Research on how people make decisions(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) introductory(B) changeable(C) beneficial(D) fundamental3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) relevant(B) preceding(C) insightful(D) responsive4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?(A) Listing the consequences of each solution(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution(C) Deciding which consequences are most important(D) Writing down all possible solutions5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that(A) has the fewest variables to consider(B) uses the most decision worksheets(C) has the most points assigned to it(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of(A) describing a process(B) classifying types of worksheets(C) providing historical background(D) explaining a theory7. The author states that On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds atonce (lines 17-18) to explain that(A) most decisions involve seven steps(B) human mental capacity has limitations(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) creative(B) satisfactory(C) personal(D) concise9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) Proponents (line 5)(B) Optimal (line 5)(C) Variables (line 17)(D) Long-range goals (line 25)10. The word it in line 24 refers to(A) worksheet(B) problem(C) distinction(D) decision11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) ask(B) explain(C) change(D) predictPASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C托福阅读怎么抓住定位词首先介绍一下，什么是定位词?其实很简单，打个比方，你和朋友约好了去酒吧，朋友和你说酒吧在沈阳新东方正对面，这个酒吧你是不知道地点的，也就是你的目的地;而新东方却很熟知，那么你只需找到新东方便可以找到酒吧了。
老托阅读的答案范文
老托阅读的答案范文托福从听、说、读、写四方面进展英语能力全面考核。
智课教育托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。
祝愿大家都能成为精通英语的托福烤鸭。
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for mercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the naturalincubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to suessful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most mercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can bee cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can bee chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.1. What is the main idea of the passage ?(A) Nesting material varies aording to the parrots' environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.(C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B) birds(C) eggs(D) rates3. Aording to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance for suessful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down4. Aording to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(D) make the nest bigger5. Aording to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs6. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. The word "suspend" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) build(B) paint(C) hang(D) move8. The word "fatal" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot9. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) dry(C) safe(D) warm10. Aording to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather11. Which of the following is a problem with mercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) Aviculturists (line 1)(B) gradient (line 8)(C) incubation (line 15)(D) embryo (line 22)正确答案：DAACA DCBCD CA老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE 18During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nieenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nieenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women" theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great men." To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involvedin public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The role of literature in early American histories(B) The place of American women in written histories(C) The keen sense of history shown by American women(D) The "great women" approach to history used by American historians2. The word "contemporary" in line 6 means that the history was(A) informative(B) written at that time(C) thoughtful(D) faultfinding3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored(C) only three women were able to get their writing published(D) poetry produced by women was more readily aepted than other writing by women4. The word "celebratory" in line 12 means that the writings referred to were(A) related to parties(B) religious(C) serious(D) full of praise5. The word "they" in line 12 refers to(A) efforts(B) authors(C) counterparts(D) sources6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nieenth-century histories does the author point out?(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily aurate.(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likely have beencollected by nieenth-century feminist organizations?(A) Newspaper aounts of presidential election results(B) Biographies of John Adamsproblem (C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college8. What use was made of the nieenth-century women's history materials in the Schlesinger Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?(A) They were bined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nieenth century.(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nieenth-century "great women" EXCEPT(A) authors(B) reformers(C) activists for women's rights(D) politicians10. The word "representative" in line 29 is closest in meaning to(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive正确答案：BBBDB CCCDA外朗教育精品课程 /course/newlist/1-20.html老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE 14Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent aess to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, televisionaelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.Television has altered the forms of political munication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nieenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second "sound bite" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue. Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorablepictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in whichpolitics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.1. What is the main point of the passage ?(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of television coverage.(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.(C) Politics in the United States has bee substantially more controversial since the introduction of television.(D) Politics in the United States has beensignificantly changed by television.2. The word "disseminated" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) analyzed(B) discussed(C) spread(D) stored3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates(C) attracted more members(D) received more money4. The word "aelerated" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) allowed(B) increased(C) required(D) started5. The author mentions the "stump speech" in line 7 as an example of(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians(C) a kind of political presentation typical of the nieenth century(D) a style of speech mon to televised political events6. The phrase "given way to" in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) added interest to(B) modified(C) imitated(D) been replaced by7. The word "that" in line 12 refers to(A) audience(B) broadcast news(C) politician(D) advertisement8. Aording to the passage , as pared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse was more suessful at(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates(B) placing political issues within a historical context(C) making politics seem more intimate to citizens(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior9. The author states that "politicians assert but do not argue" (line 18) in order to suggest that politicians(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past(C) enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens10. The word "Reliance" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) abundance(B) clarification(C) dependence(D) information11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that(A) politicians will need to learn to bee more personal when meeting citizens(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are lessattractive(C) citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to bee better informed12. Aording to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can(A) create more time to discuss political issues(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves(C) spend more time talking to citizens in person(D) engages in debates with their opponents13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.(C) Citizens today are less informed about apolitician's character than in the past.(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past. 正确答案：DCABC DABAC DBA 外朗教育精品课程 /course/newlist/1-20.html。
老托听力93篇原文
老托Part C精选93篇1Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.【生词摘录】ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a wholemachine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分2.tutor: n.［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and isdirectly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师 v. to teach someone as a tutor 给…当家庭教师；指导3.mentor: n.［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a lessexperienced person 顾问，指导人，教练12I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?【生词摘录】1.insurance: n.［U］an arrangement with a company in which you pay them moneyeach year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, such as an illness or an accident 保险；the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company 保险费；the business of providing insurance 保险业2.bottomry: n.船舶抵押契约（如船舶损失，则债务取消），冒险借贷3.contract: n.［C］a formal written agreement between two or more people,which says what each person must do for the other 契约；合同4.loan: n.［C］an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc（银行等的）贷款5.understanding: n.［C usually singular］a private, unofficial agreement（私底下、非正式的）协议，协定6.interest: n.［U］a charge made for borrowing money（借贷的）利息［+on］7.piracy: n. the crime of attacking and stealing from ships at sea海上抢劫，海盗行为8.cautious: adj. careful to avoid danger or risks小心的，谨慎的，慎重的9.hazardous: adj.危险的10.s alient: adj.formal the salient points or features of something are themost important or most noticeable parts of it 【正式】显著的，突出的11. paramount: adj. more important than anything else 至高无上的，最重要的3Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.【生词摘录】1.gallon: n.AmE a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres【美】加仑（等于 3.785 升）2.vat: n.［C］a very large container for storing liquids such as whisky ordye,when they are being made（酿酒、盛染料用的）大缸，大桶3.tank: n.［C］a large container for storing liquid or gas（盛放液体或气体的）大容器4.treadmill: n.［C］a mill worked in the past by prisoners treading on stepsfixed to a very large wheel（过去用以惩罚犯人的）踏车5.aerospace: adj. involving the designing and building of aircraft and spacevehicles 航空和航天（器制造）的 n.［U］the industry that designs and builds aircraft and space vehicles 航空和航天工业，航天工业6.scuba diving: n.［U］the sport of swimming under water while breathingthrough a tube connected to a container of air on your back 斯库巴潜泳，水肺潜泳（戴自携式潜水呼吸器潜泳）7.simulate: v. to make or produce something that is not real but has theappearance of being real 模仿，模拟8.Martian: adj. of or relating to the planet Mars火星的9.stride: n.［C］a long step大步，阔步10. elbow: n. ［C］the joint where your arms bends 肘4Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome,but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.【生词摘录】1.Everglades National Park:大沼泽地国家公园2.saw grass:克拉莎草；加州砖子苗3.acre: n.［C］a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres英亩4.sampling: n. items selected at random from a population and used to testhypotheses about the population 取样，抽样，采样5.exotic: adj.approving seeming unusual and exciting because of being connectedwith a foreign country 【褒义】异国风情的，外国情调的：exotic birds外国的奇异鸟类6.alligator: n.［C］a large animal with a long mouth and sharp teeth thatlies in the hot wet parts of the US and China 短吻鳄7.boardwalk: n.［C］AmE a raised path made of wood, usually built next tothe sea【美】（常在海滨）用木板铺成的小道8.prairie: n.［C］a wide open area of land in North America which is coveredin grass or wheat（北美洲的）大草原9.canoe: n.［C］a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and which youmove along using a paddle 独木舟，小划子10.n egotiate: v. <口>成功通过，顺利越过11.m osquito: n.［C］a small flying insect that sucks the blood of people andanimals 蚊子12.r epellent: n.［C,U］a substance that keeps insects away驱虫剂5Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survival in Outer Space." Please excuse the cameras; we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It’s made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?【生词摘录】1.videotape: v. to record a television programme, film etc on a videotape把（电视节目、电影等）录在录像（磁）带上2.vacuum: n.［C］a space that is completely empty of all gas, especially onefrom which all the air has been taken away 真空3.shade: n.［U］slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sunmade by something blocking it 荫，背阴处4.toasty: adj.AmE informal warm and comfortable【美，非正式】暖烘烘的，温暖舒适的5.Fahrenheit: n.［U］a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°and boils at 212°华氏温度6.marvel: n.［C］something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, thatyou like and admire very much 十分有用（灵巧）的物（人）7.enlargement: n.［C］a photograph that has been printed again in a largersize 放大的照片8.life-size:又作life-sized，adj. a picture or model of something or someonethat is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 与实物（真人）大小一样的9.shuttle: n.［C］a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth,and can be used more than once （可以多次使用的）航天飞机，太空穿梭机10.m ission: n.［C］an important job done by a member of the airforce, armyetc, especially an attack on the enemy 任务，使命11.t orso: n.［C］your body, not including your head, arms, or legs（头和四肢除外的）人体躯干12.durable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even if used a lot耐用的13.i nsulation: n.［U］material used to insulate something, especially abuilding（尤指建筑物的）绝缘材料；the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated 隔绝14.e xtreme: n.［C］something that goes beyond normal limits, so that it seemsvery unusual and unacceptable 极端15.b ladder: n.［C］a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside afootball, that can be filled with air or liquid （可充气或充水的）囊；袋16.i nflatable: adj. an inflatable object has to be filled with air before youcan use it 须充气方可使用的，（需）充气的17.s ac: n.technical a part inside a plant or animal that is shaped like a bagand contains liquid or air 【术语】（动物或植物的）囊；液囊18.i nnermost: adj.formal furthest inside【正式】最里面的19.v entilation: n.［U］通风（ventilate: v. to let fresh air into a room,building etc 使通风）20.h elmet: n.［C］a strong hard hat worn for protection by soldiers,motorcycle riders, the police etc 头盔，钢盔，安全帽21.demonstrate: v. to show or prove something clearly证明，论证，证实；to show ordescribe how something works or is done 示范，演示；to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about something （为公开抗议某事）游行，示威；to show that you have a particular skill, quality, or ability 展示，表露出（某种技能、品质或能力）6Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.【生词摘录】1.present: v. to give a performance in a theatre, cinema, etc, or broadcast aprogramme on television or radio 上演；演出；表演；播出（电视或广播节目）2.ballet: n.［C］a performance in which a special style of dancing and musictell a story without any speaking 芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞曲3.animation: n.［U］the process of making animated films动物片的制作4.wheel: n.［C］one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc thatturn when it moves （汽车、公共汽车、自行车等的）车轮5.firework: n.［C usually plural］a small container filled with powder thatburns or explodes to produce coloured lights, noise, and smoke 烟火，烟花，焰火6.pinwheel: n.［C］a toy consisting of a stick with curved pieces of plasticat the end that turn around when they are blown 玩具风车（windmill, BrE）7.pineapple: n.［C,U］a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicyyellow flesh 菠萝，凤梨8.controversy: n.［C,U］a serious argument or disagreement, especially aboutsomething such as a plan or decision, that continues for a long time 争论；辩论；争议9.rhythmic:又作rhythmical, adj. having rhythm有节奏的10.a dventurous: adj.又作adventuresome,AmE【美】eager to go to new placesand do exciting or dangerous things 喜欢冒险的，有冒险精神的；not afraid of taking risks or trying new things 敢作敢为的，大胆创新的11.choreography: n.［U］the art of arranging how dancers should move during8a performance 编舞（艺术）；舞蹈设计12.s ymbolism: n.［U］the use of symbols to represent something象征主义（手法）97In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. You'll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we're going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?【生词摘录】1.hypothesis: n.plural hypotheses,［C］an idea that is suggested as apossible way of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说2.closed circuit television (TV): a system in which cameras send pictures totelevision sets that is used in many public buildings to protect them from crime 闭路电视3.well-established: adj. established for a long time and respected历史悠久且享有盛誉的4.untapped: adj. an untapped resource, market etc has not yet been used（资源、市场等）未开发的；未利用的108Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house—for example, food—especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.【生词摘录】1.Monticello:蒙提切娄2.appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is欣赏，赏识，鉴赏3.enthusiast: n.［C］someone who is very interested in a particular activityor subject 热衷于…的人4.estate: n.［C］a large area of land in the country, usually with one largehouse on it and one owner （在乡村附有宅地的）一大片私有土地，庄园5.elevation: n.［singular］a height above the level of the sea海拔6.spectacular: adj. very impressive and exciting壮观的，精彩的，引人注目的7.vantage point: a good position from which you can see something（能观察某物的）有利位置119Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to work. As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. The president has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we're working with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presented us with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet our needs. He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have been suggested. So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.【生词摘录】1.item: n.［C］a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set（尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项；一件；一条2.trustee: n.［C］a member of a group that controls the money of a company,college, or other organization（公司、学院等的）理事，董事会成员: v.especially AmE to earn a particular amount of money as a profitafter tax has been paid 【尤美】获得净收入，净赚4.finalize: v. to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc使（计划、交易等）确定，最后定下5.nursery: n.［C］a place where plants and trees are grown and sold苗圃（garden center, BrE）1210Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use. It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw and reeds are so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity—the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?【生词摘录】1.thatcher: n.［C］someone skilled in making a roof from plant stalks orfoliage 盖屋顶者2.barn: n.［C］a large farm building for storing crops, or for keepinganimals in 谷仓，粮秣房，仓库，牲口棚；informal a large, plain building 【非正式】空荡荡的大房子3.withstand: v. to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something such as greatheat or cold, great pressure etc 耐得住，承受住（酷热、严寒、高压等）4.in a nutshell:spoken used when you are stating the main facts aboutsomething in a short, clear way 【口】一言以蔽之，简括地说，用一句话概括5.beam: n.［C］a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in building houses,bridges etc 梁，横梁6.rafter: n.［C usually plural］one of the large sloping pieces of wood thatform the structure of a roof 椽7.skeleton: n.［C］the most important parts of something, to which moredetail can be added later 骨架，框架；梗概，纲要8.reed: n.［C］a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places芦苇9.straw: n.［U］the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that are used foranimals to sleep on, and for making things such as baskets, mats etc 秸秆（如麦秆等）10.c olonist: n.［C］someone who settles in a new colony开拓殖民地的居民，拓殖者11.s hingle: n.［C］one of many small thin pieces of building materials,especially wood, used to cover a roof or wall（覆盖屋顶或墙用的）木瓦；屋面板；墙面板12.slate: n.［U］a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces板岩，板石13.clay: n.［U］heavy sticky soil that can be used for making pots, bricks etc黏土14.t ile: n.［C］a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used forcovering roofs, floors etc（屋顶、地板等上用的）瓷砖，地砖15.l ongevity: n.［U］formal long life【正式】长寿；technical the length ofa person or animal’s life【术语】（人或动物的）寿命11A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as "gourmet coffees" into the American market. Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.【生词摘录】1.premium: adj. of high quality高级的，优质的2.blended: adj. combined or mixed together so that the constituent parts areindistinguishable 混合的3.gourmet: n.［C］someone who knows a lot about food and wine and whoenjoys good food and wine 美食家4.birthplace: n.［C usually singular］the place where someone was born,especially someone famous （尤指名人的）出生地；the place where something first started to happen or exist 发源地，发祥地1512You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?"【生词摘录】1.experiment: v. to try various ideas, methods etc to see whether they willwork or what effect they will have 试验；试用2.skyscraper: n.［C］a very tall modern city building摩天大楼3.identical: adj. exactly the same完全相同的［+to］4.capture: v. to succeed in showing or describing a situation or feelingusing words or pictures（用语言或图片）记录下5.retouch: v. to improve a picture or photograph by painting over marks ormaking other small changes 描绘，润色（图画、照片）。
老托福阅读100解析资料汇总
老托福阅读100解析资料汇总托福阅读100篇的文章内容，也是大家日常备考中，练习的重点内容，这些文章的练习，有助于大家更好的提高阅读水平。
那么在具体的对于备考中，到底这部分的内容是什么，大家如何更好的练习这些内容呢?下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考!老托福阅读100解析资料汇总Perhaps one of the most dramatic andimportant changes that took place in the Mesozoic era occurred late in thatera, among the small organisms that populate the uppermost, sunlit portion ofthe oceans the plankton. The term "plankton" is a broad one,designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weaklypropel themselves through the sea. In the late stages of the Mesozoic era,during the Cretaceous period, there was a great expansion of plankton thatprecipitated skeletons or shells composed of two types of mineral: silica andcalcium carbonate.This development radically changed the typesof sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because, while the organic partsof the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized skeletonsoften survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth's longhistory, very large quantities of silica skeletons, which would eventuallyharden into rock, began to pile up in parts of the deep sea. Thick deposits ofcalcareous ooze made up of the tiny remains of the calcium carbonate-secretingplankton also accumulated as never before. The famous white chalk cliffs ofDover, in the southeast of England, are just one example of the huge quantitiesof such material that amassed during the Cretaceous period; there are manymore. Just why the calcareous plankton were so prolific during the latter partof theCretaceous period is not fully understood. Such massive amounts ofchalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period oftime.Thehigh biological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led to idealconditions for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped insediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures andpressures, transforming it into petroleum. Sediments rich in organic materialaccumulated along the margins of the Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-westocean that formed when Earth's single landmass (known as Pangaea) split apartduring the Mesozoic era. Many of today's important oil fields are found inthose sediments in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and in thestates of T exas and Louisiana in the United States.托福阅读文章类型有哪几类学术性文章的篇章结构在学术性文章中一般需要具备三个组成部分：(1)Topic 话题即文章的主角是什么，比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象，探讨某个历史事件;在托福文章中这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置，考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有一个大体的了解。
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目（三十四）
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目（三十四）托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目(三十四) 托福阅读是托福考试中，难度比较大的科目，阅读内容量大，题型种类多，各种难题都影响着同学们的发挥。
因此大家想要在考试中拿到高分，平时就要做好充分的备考。
下面就是为大家整理的托福阅读真题100篇，供大家练习。
PASSAGE 34Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American settlers on America's urban frontier in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction— as well as the expanded market in consumer goods — allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Technological developments(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities(C) Standards of living(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization2. The word influx in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) working(B) processing(C) arrival(D) attraction3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss(A) foreign immigration(B) rural life(C) the agricultural revolution(D) famous cities of the twentieth century4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?(A) Five percent(B) Eleven percent(C) Twenty-eight percent(D) Forty-six percent5. The word extraordinary in line 12 is closet in meaning to(A) expensive(B) exceptional(C) supreme(D) necessary6. The phrase each other in line 13 refers to(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants(B) farms and small towns(C) growth of cities and industrialization(D) industry and transportation7. The word stimulated in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) forced(B) prepared(C) limited(D) motivated8. Why does the author mention electric lighting and the telephone in line 23?(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life(C) They were developed by the same individual.(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.9. The word them in line 25 refers to(A) urban areas(B) rural Americans(C) farms(D) cities10. The word era in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) period of time(B) location(C) action(D) unique situation11. The word intriguing in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) profitable(B) attractive(C) comfortable(D) challengingPASSAGE 34 DCADB CDBBA B。
【AAA】托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目(八).doc
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目(八)对于托福考生，想要突破阅读部分的难关，最好的复习的方法就是，多找一些阅读真题，进行练习。
不断地模拟考试，才能够找出我们在阅读备考中的不足，加以改正。
提升阅读水平，指日可待。
PASSAGE8ThecanopR,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsaplethoraofclimbingmammalsofmoder atelRlargesize,whichmaRincludemonkeRs,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightro picalcanopiesastheRareinmosthabitatsgloballR.Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheeRposedandturbulentenvironmentofthe uppermosttrees.BecauseasmallbodRhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilar shape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftlR.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaRbescarc eandconditionsmaRfluctuate,asmallmammalmaRhavetroublemaintainingitsbodRtemperature.SmallsizemakesiteasRtoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopRforinsects,flowers,orfruit, butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bRlargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsfo rbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchestheterminalleavesdowns othatfruit-bearingfoliagedropstowardthegibbon'sface.Walkingorleapingspeciesofasimilarorevenlargersize accesstheoutertwigseitherbRsnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorbRclutchingstiffbranch eswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwiththeirhands.SmallclimbinganimalsmaRreachtwigsreadilR,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalst ocrossthewidegapsfromontreecrowntotheneRtthattRpifRthehighcanopR.Amacaqueorgibbonca nhurlitselffartherthanamousecan:itcanachievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelRuseabranch asaspringboard,evenbouncingonaclimbseveraltimesbeforejumping.Theforwardmovementofasm allanimalisseriouslRreducedbRtheairfrictionagainsttherelativelRlargesurfaceareaofitsbodR.Finall R,forthemanRsmallmammalsthatsupplementtheirinsectdietwithfruitsorseeds,aninabilitRtospano pengapsbetweentreecrownsmaRbeproblematic,sincetreesthatRieldthesefoodscanbesparse.1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?(A)Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?(B)Howdoesananimal'sbodRsizeinfluenceananimal'sneedforfood?(C)WhRdoestherainforestprovideanunusualvarietRoffoodforanimals?(D)WhRdolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopRoftherainforest?2.WhichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopRthaninotherenvironments?(A)MonkeRs(B)Cats(C)Porcupines(D)Mice3.ThewordtheRinline4refersto(A)trees(B)climbingmammalsofmoderatelRlargesize(C)smallerspecies(D)hightropicalcanopies4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthesmallmammalsintherainforest?(A)TheRhavebodRshapesthatareadaptedtoliveinthecanopR.(B)TheRpreferthetemperatureandclimateofthecanopRtothatofotherenvironments.(C)TheRhavedifficultRwiththechangingconditionsinthecanopR.(D)TheRusethetreesofthecanopRforshelterfromheatandcold.5.Indiscussinganimalsizeinparagraph3,theauthorindicatesthat(A)smallanimalsrequireproportionatelRmorefoodthanlargeranimalsdo(B)alargeanimal'ssizeisanadvantageinobtainingfoodinthecanopR(C)smallanimalsareoftenattackedbRlargeanimalsintherainforest(D)smallanimalsandlargeanimalsareequallRadeptatobtainingfoodinthecanopR6.ThewordtRpifRinline19isclosestinmeaningto(A)resemble(B)protect(C)characterize(D)divide7.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatmakesjumpingfromonetreecrowntoanotherdifficultfor smallmammals?(A)AirfrictionagainstthebodRsurface(B)Thethicknessofthebranches(C)Thedenseleavesofthetreecrown(D)TheinabilitRtousethefrontfeetashands8.Thewordsupplementinline24isclosestinmeaningto(A)control(B)replace(C)lookfor(D)addto9.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?(A)canopR(line1)(B)warmblooded(line5)(C)terminalleaves(line13)(D)springboard(line21)。
最新文档老托阅读必胜_100_篇
PASSAGE 1By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth centuryhad been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth centuryhad been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth centuryhad been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth centuryhad been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth centuryhad been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth centuryhad been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth centuryhad been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth centuryhad been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth century。
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PASSAGE 33:关于做决定的研究
PASSAGE 34:城市的发展以及移民
PASSAGE 35:一种岩洞对观察天象的影响
PASSAGE 36:美国水彩画协会的发展
PASSAGE 37:人的声音对个性的影响
PASSAGE 38 :有关冰河时代的
PASSAGE 39:印第安人捕鱼的生活方式
PASSAGE 78:远古的文字
PASSAGE 79:动物行为的研究
PASSAGE 80:美国调查方式的实施
PASSAGE 81:木星的简介
PASSAGE 82:婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动物的影响
PASSAGE 83:美国现实主义和自然主义作家介绍
PASSAGE 84:美国早期印刷业的内容
PASSAGE 85: 郁金香在北美殖民地的发展
PASSAGE 70:鸟搭窝的方式
PASSAGE 71:地理位置对城市发展的影响
PASSAGE 72:哈莱姆文艺复兴
PASSAGE 73:科技与工业化联系
PASSAGE 74:冰川的形成及融化
PASSAGE 75:早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭绝的影响
PASSAGE 76:泥土的形成及其用途
PSSAGE 77:生物灭绝的原因
PASSAGE 16:鸟的祖先
PASSAGE 17:鹦鹉产卵的方式
PASSAGE 18:女性对美国建立初期的贡献
PASSAGE 19:北美城市的发展
PASSAGE 20:壁炉的构造
PASSAGE 21:美国早期雕塑的发展
PASSAGE 22:北美城市的发展改革
PASSAGE 23:美国早期城市功能的发展
PASSAGE 94:美国工业化给美国经济带来的改变
PASSAGE 95:昆虫怎样用信息素来传递信息
PASSAGE 96:Homestead Act 的弊端
PASSAGE 97:对月亮两个区域的研究
PASSAGE 98 :松鼠吃橡果的迷
PASSAGE 99 :碳水化合物和气温的关系
PASSAGE 100:小提琴的发展和使用
PASSAGE 48:不同领导的领导风格
PASSAGE 49:古代陶瓷的制作方式
PASSAGE 50:19世纪艺术在工业社会中的角色
PASSAGE 51 :美国建立自然生态保护园的介绍
PASSAGE 52:美国劳动力从农业到工业的转变
PASSAGE 53:玻璃纤维的使用方法
PASSAGE 54:被作曲家采用越来越多的音乐元素
PASSAGE 40:一周工人工作时间的演变
PASSAGE 41:地球物种灭绝的分析
PASSAGE 42:美国铁路发展给美国带来的影响
PASSAGE 43:抗感染药的发明
PASSAGE 44:大脑中神经系统的结构GE 46:宾夕法尼亚暖气锅炉的改造
PASSAGE 47:美国在20世纪初对移民者的介绍
PASSAGE 24:地球极地激光的形成和外形
PASSAGE 25:营养学研究的历史
PASSAGE 26:关于某彗星的介绍
PASSAGE 27:土壤分解法
PASSAGE 28:19世纪末20世纪初艺术的发展
PASSAGE 29:一种农业机器在美国的普遍使用
PASSAGE 30:蝴蝶的种类
PASSAGE 31:房租租金的控制
PASSAGE 62:关于鸟换毛的事
PASSAGE 63:鸟躲避侵略者的三种策略
PASSAGE 64: 蚂蚁工作方式的介绍
PASSAGE 65:彗星的coma的形成
PASSAGE 66:小孩学说话
PASSAGE 67:某个奇特地方的植被
PASSAGE 68:北美陶瓷的制作
PASSAGE 69:美国报纸上气象报道图的变化
Toefl资料下载之老托阅读100篇【完整版】
PASSAGE 1:冰箱的发展
PASSAGE 2:水循环
PASSAGE 3:印第安人变篮子的故事
PASSAGE 4:哈德逊河派的绘画
PASSAGE 5:创造文化的材料和技术
PASSAGE 6:硫酸钾在造玻璃和肥皂时的作用
PASSAGE 7:Philadelphia's如何发展成商业中心
PASSAGE 55:建立公园的计划
PASSAGE 56:民歌定义的不同理解
PASSAGE 57:希腊陶瓷技术的发展
PASSAGE 58:从狩猎到农业的改变对人类生活的影响
PASSAGE 59:历史上第一只鸟的介绍
PASSAGE 60:美国棉花19时期作为重要的出口商品
PASSAGE61:北美农业殖民地艺术家作品
PASSAGE 8:为什么大型动物要生活在热带雨林
PASSAGE 9:孟买象化石的发现地
PASSAGE 10:人类饮食活动的变化
PASSAGE 11:竹屋怎样防御外界的侵害
PASSAGE 12:动物在岩石上产卵
PASSAGE 13:地球表面岩石的生长与分类
PASSAGE 14:电视对美国政治的影响
PASSAGE 15:菌类对农业的影响
原文网址：托福考试：
托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】
老托阅读100篇相对TPO要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做TPO真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，为方便考生备考，太傻留学托福考试频道特意将这100篇托福阅读理解为考生做了归纳和整理，考生只要收藏此页面，就可以在需要的时候打开进行练习了!
PASSAGE 86:蚂蚁生存使用的各种信号
PASSAGE 87:热能在大气中传输
PASSAGE 88:化石的形成
PASSAGE 89:19世纪静物艺术品
PASSAGE 90:某时期变化对海洋生物的影响
PASSAGE 91:不同时期艺术装饰风格的简介
PASSAGE 92:岩石层对气候的影响
PASSAGE 93:洛杉矶城市的发展