[全国版][高三英语专题][第9讲 完形填空解题技巧之名词]讲义(学生版)

1.高考完形填空的文章以380-440 词左右的记叙文，夹叙夹议文为主，纯粹
的说明文和议论文很少出现。

2.完形填空的文章话题贴近中学生的生活并通过讲述小故事传递正能量。

3.完形填空题主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能：
①对文章的整体理解，上下文段落的衔接，逻辑思维与判断能力；
②对词汇和惯用法等语言基础知识的考查，多以实词为主，虚词为辅；
③对生活中常见的事实进行推理和判断的能力。

4.完形填空在高考中所占分值为30 分(以北京高考为例)。

1.完形填空这一题型在高一、高二、高三均有涉及，重点考查学生在语境
中辨析动词、名词、形容词和副词的能力。

高一完形字数一般在 200-280 之间，以记叙文为主；高二完形也以记叙文为主，字数一般在 270-340 之间，要求学生要
能弄清楚作者对人物事件的态度，理顺事件的发生发展和结局，理解作者的思想感情；进入高三，记叙文依然是完形的一种主要体裁，但是夹叙夹议的比重会越来越高，而且难度会加大，字数提高到 350-420 之间，要求学生能准确把握作者核心观点和作
者要阐述的生活哲理，体察人物情绪变化并精准辨析词汇含义。

2.记叙文型完形填空出现频率较高，要引起学生足够重视。

这些记叙文有
人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等，作者切入的角度也是各不相同，涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康等。

夹叙夹议完形填空所选的文章一般富于哲理性，往往
可以从一件看似平淡的小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。

3.从近几年各省市完形填空设题来看，对名词的考察仅次于对动词的考察，
涉及名词词义辨析，名词与其他词的关系，对名词短语的理解和应用，熟词僻义第9 讲完形填空解题技巧之名词
mean, right, treatment, decide, own, shock, tell, change, hold, happen
完形技巧之名词
1. 具体名词
2. 抽象名词
3. 名词与谓语或定语
4. 名词词义辨析
10 个完形高频词
等等，要求学生根据上下文呼应对选项进行判断和甄别。

4.
解答完形填空的总原则是“先完意，后完形”，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要传递的理念，再进行选择填空，在选择过程中需要综合运用以上技巧， 以便得到更高的分数。

Barack Hussein Obama: It’s been a long time coming,but tonight,because of what we did on this day,in this election,at this defining moment,change has come to America.
“Change” is one of the words that frequently appear in the Cloze of College Entrance English Exam. Today,we are going to learn 10 such words.
知识概况
高考完形高频词
1. mean
v.意味着What does this word mean?
v.打算
【即学即练】
1.Yet, as graduation and college neared, it all changed. Treating the sick was noble, but not what I was to do for the rest of my life.
A.planed
B. meant
C. considered
D. thought
2.I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that (41) because school had always been easy for me.
41. A. reflected B. meant C. improved D. affected
3. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals with (50) a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new (51)of the words “hard work.”( 北京卷)
51. A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage
学以致用：
be meant for sb/sth
为某人/某目的而准备的
a book meant for children 专为儿童写的书
2. right
adj.正确的；右边的
We had taken a wrong turning, but a policeman put us right.
n.权利
【即学即练】
1. On August 1st, Mom and I sat down at the dinner table and I told her that she had every (49) to choose where to spend her money, just like I had every right to decide where I wanted to go to school. (15 西城二模)
49. A. chance B. time C. right D. ability
2.Personally, I welcome their opinions. The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers arise from the war between parents exercising their to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers firmly guarding their privacy.
A.rights
B.knowledge
C.obligation
D.rules
学以致用：
right 作为动词有改正的意思，如：
We’ve made progress in righting the wrongs of the past.
我们已经在改正过去的错误方面取得了进展。

3.treatment
n.治疗, 疗法I tried every treatment the doctor suggested.
n.对待; 处理
【即学即练】
1. After that my mom started the (39) and had to travel to the hospital every day. (东城二模)
39. A. appointment B. treatment C. operation D. observation
2. Every night for two weeks, we argued, shouted and gave silent (37) until both sides went to bed with regrets.
37. A. treatments B.wars C. fights D. treats
词义辨析：
treatment 是治疗，对待的意思，而treat 是请客，款待的意思，如：It's my treat. 我请客。

4. decide
决定(determine judge resolve settle );
认为(consider, account)
【即学即练】
1. She had just been adopted by a family in town who ( 37 ) that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids.( 北京卷)
37. A. reported B. decided C. complained D. questioned
2. My mom would always wear bright-colored scarfs and after a while (41) to buy a wig (假发).Along with losing her hair she lost all her nails．(东城二模) 41. A. liked B. offered C. decided D. afforded
学以致用：
Having thought for a while, I decided to take part in basketball club because I had been expecting to be a basketball player for a long time. ( 西城期末（社团招新）)
5. own
adj. 自己的；特有的
v.承认；拥有；支配
on one’s own 独立地，独自地；主动地，自愿地
【即学即练】
1....but as I was not yet used to(24) driving in this city, my wife did not want me to collect it (25) so we went together to fetch(26) it.
25. A. on my own B. right away C. in a hurry D. on the way
2. I realized (53), at that time when I was looking at her excited face, she’d probably never (54)anything in her whole life. ( 北京卷)
54. A. offered B. valued C. owned D. controlled
学以致用：
运用在写作方面，特别是在情景作文里的运用。

比如在活动类的情景作文中，出现分配任务，各自完成任务时的“自己的”的含义。

例句：The next day, my classmates and I were divided into several groups and we all had our own duty.
6. shock
n.震惊，打击；休克
v.使…震惊
v.使受电击
【即学即练】
1.When I took the first exam, I was (38) to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, for(39)English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained unmoved (40). (2008 北京卷)
38. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious
2. Though she had been in a coma(昏迷) for nearly six months, it was still a (36) when my grandmother passed away. ( 北京市丰台区高三一模练习)
36. A. shock B. topic C. story D. custom
学以致用：
On the first day, I was shocked to see so much leftover food thrown away by students. ( 朝阳一模的作文（帮助食堂减少浪费）)
After a while, the man came back. Seeing so many people picking up his money from ground, he was shocked and cried out “Oh, my money!” (丰台一模的作文
（拾金不昧，归还物主）)
7. tell
告诉，说；
分辨，看出
【即学即练】
1. The nurse had him take a seat (36) in the waiting area, (37) him it would be at least 40 minutes before(38) someone would be able to see him. (全国卷1)
37. A. persuading B. promising C. understanding D. telling
2. That’s especially impressive. since(37) she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can’t
(38) how far away things are. (北京卷)
38. A. tell B. guess C. assume D. predict
3. I could (41) he was quite poor by the manner(42) he was dressed. ( 西
城二模)
A. explain
B. prove
C. think
D. tell
学以致用：
Judging from the date marked on the gold coin, we can tell that it was made 500 years ago.
从金币上刻有的日期来判断，我们能辨别出它是500 年前制造的。

8. change
v.变化，改变
n.零钱
【即学即练】
1. All this (38) after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. (北京卷)
38. A. continued B. changed C. settled D. started
2. For five months I stayed at the hospital, feeling like a burden(37) to my family. My self-image was instantly_ (38).
38. A. improved B. created C. changed D. judged
学以致用：
Five vehicles passed, then ten, then twenty. No one refused to pay. Customers stood at my window emptying (53) a fist-full of change（零钱）to buy drinks for a complete stranger. ( 西城期末完形)
9. hold
v.控制：保留（拿着）;拥有; 支撑
【即学即练】
1.One more look and he noticed flames (45)shooting out from under the disabled (46) vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and (47) the fire extinguisher( 灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. ( 全国新课标卷1) 47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled
2. My 14-year old son, John, and I spotted the coat almost at the same time in the secondhand clothing store, while (36) the other coats were hanging down loosely, this one looked as if it were (37) itself up. ( 朝阳期末)
37. A. carrying B. putting C. holding D. pushing
用法拓展：
He threw his motorcycle and dashed to the crowd to grab his money as quickly as possible, holding the last piece of hope to get a little back. He must have had no idea about what would happen next. ( 丰台一模·拾金不昧，归还物主)
Some students stood under the traffic lights, holding a sign, to inform others that
they shouldn't cross the road when the red light was on.( 海淀期末·尝试改变
“中国式过马路”)
10. happen
v.正巧; 发生
【即学即练】
1.In the United States there was an unusual tale telling of the daughter of a mechanic(技工). One day while walking along the bank of a lake, the girl (36) to see 20 eggs laid by a wild goose.
36. A. managed B. attempted C. happened D. supposed
2.My sister has a habit of keeping a diary and write down what every day.
A.goes
B. happens
C. comes
D. evolves
学以致用：
One day, when I was surfing on the Internet, I happened to see a piece of recruitment saying that there would be a strong demand for volunteer narrators in the Museum. ( 海淀一模情景作文)
完形填空解题技巧之名词
名词在历年高考完形填空中考察频度仅次于动词，难度大，出题灵活，不少学生为此吃了不少苦头。

要求学生对四个选项的辨析一定要紧扣文本，不仅要考虑到语法、句意，还要考虑切合文章或段落主旨。

根据所给语篇创设的语境，综合运用所学知识选出最佳选项。

解答好这类题型，常用的技巧有：1.具体名词 2.
抽象名词3. 名词与谓语或定语 4. 动词词义辨析。

同学们要在做题过程中不断应用并体会这些答题技巧，熟练掌握对于提高答题准确率大有裨益。

1. 具体名词
（1）Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs Nanette O’ neill gave an arithmetic (1) to our class. When the papers were collected, she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.( 葫芦岛一模)
1. A. test B. problem C. paper D. lessons
（2）They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud (37)filled the room and made them feel very happy.
37. A. voice B. ring C. music D. cry
2. 抽象名词
（1）So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved
the (41) right away and gymnastics became her favorite. ( 北京卷)
41. A. task B. sport C. event D. show
（2）Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my_ (37). She wanted to know how I thought we should handle (38) things.
37. A. opinion B. impression C. information D. intention
3. 名词与谓语或定语
（1）“Fill her up,” the man said, sounding like any other (49). When the tank was full, Todd quickly turned round and pointed a gun at the man.
49. A. visitor B. robber C. driver D. rider
4. 名词词义辨析
（1）A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and reread (21). It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart (远离的); it can keep a (22) with very little effort.
I will give (23). A few years ago my older brother and l were not getting along(24).
22. A. record B. promise C. friendship D. secret
23. A. an example B. a lesson C. an experience D. a talk
（2）Because we live in an age of easy (38) communication(通讯), people often forget(39) that they don’t always have to phone or email. They have a (40). And that is to write.
40. A. habit B. choice C. method D. plan
【即学即练】
1. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a (47). I thought about it. We were low(48) on cash ourselves, but... well, sometimes giving (49) from our need instead of our abundance is just (50) what we need to do! ( 新课标1)
47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card When we handed him the bag of (52), he lit up and thanked us with (53) eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for (54)his family might need, he burst into tears.
2.A more embarrassing situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the (30) of the head pushes the arm off the (31), and the movement carries the (32) of the body along.
30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength
31. A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book
32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side
3.Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks
louder (36) than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more (37)than we realize.
37. A. sounds B. invitations C. feelings D. messages
4.At first I got angry. Then it hit(31) me –I had been giving all of my (32) to what was going wrong with my (33) rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a (34) of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to add (35) more things to the list. ( 全国卷2)
32. A. feelings B. attention C. strength D. interests
33. A. opinions B. education C. experiences D. life
34. A. list B. book C. check D. copy
5.My wheelchair experiment was soon finished(54). It made a deep impression on me.
A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the (55), both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.
55. A. weaknesses B. challenges C. anxieties D. illnesses
6.As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on
a routine( 常规)basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this (41)at work in people
of all (42).
41. A. principle B. habit C. weaker D. power
42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages children are excited about...Adolescents enter high school with great...The same is true of the young adults going to college...Before people retire, they usually...
7.One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all nice (40) people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their (41)and apologize for their playing.(北京卷)
41. A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. audience
8. “Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my
(36)took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was exposed (37) to more, my interests in the world of dance certainly(38) varied but that little girl’ s dream of someday becoming a dancer (39) in the company never left me.( 北京卷)
36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word
一、单句完形填空
1. The boss, a frequent complainer, doesn’t slow down when I (45) to stop him to suggest (46) that I am writing a series (47) of stories on the Boycott for the business magazine. （高三一模-西城）
45. A. mean B. manage C. try D. intend
2.The lessons they earned may not be different from what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out .
A.right away
B. on their own
C. in a hurry
D. on the way
3.Don’t use your mobile phone while charging, or you may be by electricity.
( 海淀期末单选)
A.worried
B. scared
C. shocked
D. afraid
4.When I explained (50) this incident to one of his teachers and remarked that I didn’t know what caused the (51), she said laughing, “It must be his coat!” ( 朝阳期末)
51. A. choices B. growth C. feeling D. changes
5. Now, in the face of their negative-saying he had been admitted into college. He told me that before coming to our campus no one had believed he had much 49 .
49. A. experience B. information C. potential D. honor
二、完形填空( 北京房山二模)
The Moving Love Story about Onions
I always recall my dad as well as my mom whenever I see or hear of the onions. Although all between my dad and my mom has passed with the tide of time, the memory still 1 in my mind. In my memory, my parents are a favorable loving
a n d c a r i n g c o u p l e . T h e y l i v e d i n
2 with each other from the day of their marriage to the existence of me in the
family.
3 , those happy days didn’t last long. When I was ten, my mom suddenly
4 in a faint when washing up in the kitchen. I was so
5 at that time that my mind went blank without any response but to cry. My dad ran to her and yelled her name but she was still unconscious,
6 he sent her to the nearest hospital as fast as he could. After an all-round check, the doctor said with
7 to my dad that she had got diagnosed with brain cancer in the late period. That evening he didn’t say anything.
My mom 8 and would never come back to me anymore. I managed to live by myself but the flow of sorrow and 9 to her never stopped. My dad has to
10 a role of a breadwinner as well as a household wife. He behaved just as usual, but I found that he developed a(n) 11 of cutting onions, which was really strange. Every time I saw him cutting onions, I discovered that several drops of 12 flowed over his flush cheek.
“Why are you 13 ?”
“No, it’s because of the stimulant from the onions”
“I have learned from a science book that if you cut onions in the water, you will not cry.” I said with satisfaction.
“Oh, really? Thank you, my little love.” was my dad’s14 . But next time, when he cut onions in the basin full of water, his eyes still 15 with tears. “Why?”
I said to myself with too much 16 .
Now, I grow up, and my father 17 does so as he did before. What a white and fancy but moving 18 my father had made in those years. The 19 my mom’s death brings to my whole family is so deeply rooted in his heart.
Now, he still believes that I have been taken in by his white lie. Mom, you will never be lonely in the heaven as there is a middle-aged man devoting what remains of his life to 20 you and weep not once for you.
1. A. leaves B. sinks C. flashes D. fades
2. A. harmony B. quarrel C. trouble D. return
3. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D.Otherwise
4. A. hurt B. drank C. broke D. fell
5. A. moved B. shocked C. embarrassed D. annoyed
6. A. but B. so C. or D. for
7. A. pride B. fear C. sympathy D. courage
8. A. recovered B. cured C. operated D. died
9. A. conflict B. pardon C. miss D. puzzle
10. A. fetch B. carry C. bring D. play
11. A. habit B. theory C. experience D. tradition
12. A. waters B. bloods C. tears D. sweats
13. A. laughing B. crying C. shouting D. cutting
14. A. question B. action C. expression D. response
15. A. wet B. hurt C. cool D. light
16. A. hesitation B. confusion C. imagination D. intention
17. A. also B. once C. ever D. still
18. A. promise B. apology C. lie D. excuse
19. A. sorrow B. glory C. fortune D. reputation
20. A. marry B. memorize C. amuse D. trust
知识点知识点说明举例
完形高频词
（翻译）
mean
right
treatment
decide
own
shock
tell
change
hold
happen
名词五大解
题技巧
具体名词
抽象名词
名词与谓语或定语
名词词义辨析
学生易错点整理：。