2018年上海高三年级英语二模翻译汇总(含答案解析)

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2018届上海市普陀区高三英语二模试卷和参考答案（2018.4）

2018届上海市普陀区⾼三英语⼆模试卷和参考答案（2018.4）上海市普陀区2018届⾼三⼆模英语试题考⽣注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（⾮选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反⾯清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold B. Sunny C. Rainy D. Cloudy2. A. 110 minutes B. 120 minutes C. 130 minutes D. 140 minutes3. A. Shop assistant and customer B. Boss and assistantC. Professor and studentD. Husband and wife4. A. In a meeting room B. In a reference roomC. At a booking officeD. At a police station5. A. A movie B. A lecture C. A play D. A speech6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset B. He’s an hour later for the interview.C. The woman should be patientD. He’s too nervous to calm down7. A. The man is intelligent enough B. The man does not work hard enoughC. The man should get some sleepD. The man is hard-working.8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He wants to spend more time with his familyC. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the jobD. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9. A. The woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studiesB The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degreeC. The woman insists that her son should major in science.D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10. A. It ran into another car B. It fell into a river and sankC. It broke down on the roadD. It left the road and landed in a fieldSection B 15%Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions o n each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11. A. Noise B. Smoking C. Litter D. Drinking12. A. A tour guide B. A conductor C. A teacher D. A lawyer13. A. To prepare people for international travelB. To make the laws of different kindsC. To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD. To give advice to travelers to the countryQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording14. A Conference with the course tutor B. Active attendance and commitmentC. Punctuality and politenessD. Debate and essay preparation15. A. Inform the teacher in advance B. Just do not choose the courseC. Drop out of the courseD. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand B. One that is originalC. One that is revise by the tutorD. One that keeps to the instructionsQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache B. He doesn’t feel like eatingC. He can’t sleep very wellD. His blood pressure is high18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays19. A. Every day for seven weeks B. Three times a week for seven weeksC. Three times a weeks for three weeksD. Twenty times for two weeks20. A. Use hot water pads B. Sit by the stoveC. Drink cold waterD. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware(21)_____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered(22)______ (serve)in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East(23)______ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming(24)______ (involve)in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across(25)____ he considered exquisite(精美的)samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that(26)_____(become)rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)______ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived(复兴)and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interest inarchitecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had(28)_____ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29)______ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, noclues(30)____(find)as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.Section B10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发⽣率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for othercountries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways .One simple __41__is that it is the rapid increase in inte rnational free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic __42___over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument__43___globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, where per capita income(⼈均收⼊)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000.___44____per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become___45____ .However, these sorts of___46__might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seena___47___improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports___48___imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) ___49__ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.___50___ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of good and, ____51___, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.___52___developmentFinally, globalization often___53___ a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能)and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countrieswhich___54___ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product(GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the ___55___ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported good are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41. A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42. A. systems B. solution C. crisis D. growth43. A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard to D. in honour of44. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. wealthier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49. A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. official D. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54. A. stop B. continue C. fail D. refuse55. A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe Harlem RenaissanceThe word “renaissance” means “rebirth”. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s. It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts. After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, setting in a neighborhood called Harem. Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer, W. E.B Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Back Folk, in 1903, Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that “Harlem” grew into something of a brand name African Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Black businesses began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame C.J. Walker, who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people---black and white---began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slaveryB. To find jobs in agricultureC. To avoid racial discriminationD. To gain citizenship57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to AfricaB. He composed folk music based on African American themeC. He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD. He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity58. What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB. The vast majority were considered lower classC. Most were regarded as middle classD. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy59. What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law?A. Spread of black businessesB. Access to higher educationC. Shift from agriculture to industryD. Push for unity among all Africans60. A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________.A. the Essential TourB. the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD. any of the tours61. Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler _____.A. is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfastD. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there ,what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A. $203.25B. $214.5C. $225D. $239.25CA sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth’s his tory. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date, some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggerated.By contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星)which hit Mexico’s Yucatan peni nsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction. Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier. Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater (⽕⼭⼝)near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in th e rock’s structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact, a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor’s crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emerged in Earth’s history. Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately, meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63. The word “plausible” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A. availableB. incredibleC. reasonableD. ridiculous64. Why didn’t the meteor affect human bei ngs?A. Because they were very resistantB. Because there weren’t any thenC. Because they lived in isolated areasD. Because they hid themselves in the caves65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC. V olcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD. When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up.66. What is the best title for the passageA. The Dinosaurs’ EndB. Crater on QomolangmaC. Contradictory ClaimsD. A Meteor’s ImpactSection C8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______ Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____ Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored.“We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.”The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it---it might help them have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.⽐起节⾷，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。

上海市崇明2018届高三英语二模（含答案）

上海市崇明2018届⾼三英语⼆模（含答案）2018崇明⼆模崇明区⾼考英语质量抽查试卷(考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a train B. In a theater C. In a meeting room D. In a booking office2. A $2.4 B. $4.8 C. $7.2 D. $9.63. A. A waiters B. A customer C. A secretary D. A saleswoman4. A. The man’s air-conditioner is broken B. The man doesn’t have air-conditioningC. The su mmer has been unusually hotD. The music doesn’t bother her5. A. She’s enjoying the music B. The music doesn’t bother herC. She would prefer different musicD. The music will keep her awake6. A. She acted like a stranger today B. She usually talks quietlyC. She didn’t give the lesson todayD. She usually assigns homework7. A. A job opportunity B. A position as general managerC. A travel experienceD. A sales manager’s experiences8. A. She has had her camera broken B. She hasn’t handed i n her photoC. She has been busy taking photosD. She hasn’t ordered a student’s card9. A. He hasn’t prepared well for his lectureB. He wants the woman to postpone the lectureC. He doesn’t know anything about engineeringD. He regularly gives lectures to high school students10. A. It’s more effective if priority is given to listeningB. It’s more effective if reading comes before listeningC. It’s more effective if listening is combined with readingD. It’s less effective if the learner checks the same informationSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To provide a protective space for giant pandas.B. To stop the loss of giant pandas’ natural habitatsC. To help China to improve its economy on the wholeD. To protect the giant pandas in the proposed territory12. A. About 300 B. Around 1864 C. More than 2,000 D. Less than 156413. A. The park first began to be constructed in January 2017.B. 1.5 billion yuan will be invested in the construction of the parkC. The park will cover a bit more space than Yellowstone National ParkD. The place where the park is to be constructed is a poverty-stricken area.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Smart mirrors than make you look much smarterB. Software apps that allow you to add images to photosC. Virtual mirrors that teach you to use camera functionsD. Special apps that help you see your image after try-on15. A. They can make it easy for customers to make upB. They can help stores avoid damage, loss and theftC. They can teach users how to make smart productsD. The can improve the effect of products on customers16. A. They promote both online and offline businessesB. They have high requirements for mobile devicesC. They enable customers to interact with each otherD. They are quite similar to previous apps like SnapchatQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Their great food and free drinks for lunchB. The numerous benefits of drinking hot liquidsC. The way to get rid of unhealthy drinking habitsD. Their different perspectives on hot and cold drinks18. A. By causing sweat B. By increasing blood flowC. By helping ease painD. By emitting pleasant smells19. A. It slows down blood flow B. It makes one consume moreC. It helps one become slimmerD. It is good for one’s digestion20. A. The man prefers hot drinks only on very cold daysB. The woman may change her habit of drinking cold liquidsC. The woman believes drinking cold water also helps relieve a coldD. The man is trying losing weight by exercising and drinking hot waterII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.China’s Good Samaritan Law (见义勇为法)Takes EffectChina’s Good Samaritan Law went into effect on October 1 to encourage people who are ready to help others. Under the law, people how voluntarily offer emergency assistance to those who are, or who they believe to be, injured, ill or in anger, will not have civil responsibility in the event of harm to the victims.The new law aims to ease the reluctance people feel toward helping strangers for fear of legal consequences if they make mistakes in treatment. It is a response to the phenomenon of people (21)_____ (hesitate) to help fallen senior citizens due to concern that they might be blackmailed(讹诈)later.There has been no shortage of cases over the past decade(22)______people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need. And some good Samaritans have been blackmailed for charitable acts. In 2011, a two-year-old girl known as Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars, and 18 people passed by(23)_____offering emergency help. The girl died after days of medical treatment. In 2014, a man from Guangdong Province aided a senior citizen, but (24)_____(accuse) of knocking him down. The man committed suicide when(25)_____(face)with demands for a large sum of money.These cases(26)____(arouse) debate about morality and heroism in China in recent years. “If you don’t provide help, you will blame yourself, but if you do help, you are likely(27)___(hurt)by the people you help. It is really a difficult choice,” one netizen said on Sina Weibo.(28)______there had been calls for a national Good Samaritan law, only a few cities pushed ahead with such laws before the nationwide law came into effect.However, some experts are concerned (29)____there could be some danger from a nationwide Good Samaritan Law.“Rescuers who know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people in critical conditions,” said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of C hina. He hoped the government (30)____introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bob Dylan Wins a Nobel Prize in LiteratureBob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature. The productive musician is the first Nobel winner to have followed a career primarily as a singer-songwriter. What’s more, he’s also the first American to have won the prize in more than two decades. Not since novelist Toni Morrison won in 1993 has an American __31__ the prize.Dylan earned the prize “for having __32__ new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition,” according to the statement by the Swedish Academy, the committee that annually decides the winter of the Nobel Prize. The academy’s permanent secretary, Sara Danius, announced the news Thursday.The win comes as something of a(n) __33__. As usual, the Swedish Academy did not announce a shortlist of nominees(被提名者), leaving the betting markets to their best __34__ . And while Dylan has enjoyed favor as an outside shot for the award, the __35__ that the musician would be the one to break the Americans’ long dry period was regarded as unlikely---especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the __36__ page.Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but __37__ , both in the U. S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941,“has the status of an idol(偶像),” the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of __38__ literature.”In an interview following the announcement, Danius __39__ the Swedish Academy’s decision: “He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creati ng a new identity.”And for his work, he has been __40__ by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U. S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Companies Doing the Most to Make Their Employees HappierFat paychecks, light workloads, and endless vacation days don’t necessarily add to happy employee. In fact, the happiest employees in the U. S. owe their happiness to first-rate employee motivations, sufficient benefits, career advancement programs, and great work-life balance. The companies that have been the most devoted to cultivating and advancing these things in the past year have seen employee happiness __41__ .The jobs site /doc/a202d6f9d7bbfd0a79563c1ec5da50e2524dd1af.html just announced the winners of this year’s “Leap Awards,” which honor the companies that have made the biggest leaps to improve employee happiness year-over-year. CareerBliss evaluated more than 250,000 company reviews and ratings it received from __42__ nationwide to determined the top 50 deserving companies. To __43__ the list, each company had to have at least 50 reviews.“The Leap Awards are important because they highlight __44__ in our workforce,” says CareerBliss’s chief executive, Heidi Golledge. CaareerBliss asked the respondents to evaluate t he key factors that __45__ work happiness, including work-life balance, one’s relationship with the boss and co-workers, the work environment, job resources, salary, growth opportunities, company culture, company reputation, daily tasks, and job __46__ .Each respondent valued each of these things on a 1-to-5 scale, and indicated how important each was to their overall happiness at work. These numbers were __47__ to find an average rating of overall employee happiness for each company. These averages were compared to last year’s numbers to find which companies had __48__ the most.“Every employer who receives a Leap Award should __49__ their workplace happiness initiatives,” says Golledge. “Even though we are coming out of a difficult time, it is __50__ to see companies putting their efforts into providing a great environment for their employees. These efforts in workplace happiness will ensure that their employees will be around for years to come, as happiness breeds __51__ .”“We find each year that work-life balance is a key factor in determining employee happiness,” says Golledge. “Employee want to know that they can balance their career with their family and personal life. Often this __52__ over things like salary. Having programs that allow managers to offer employees flexibility can be a key factor in creating a happy work environment. __53__ , we see career advancement programs have a big impact on overall employee happiness. Often employees would rather take a job for a __54__ salary, if the company provides a comprehensive program which will help grow their career. Employees want to learn, develop and sustain a successful career path.”Workplace happiness is the core of CareerBliss’ mission, Miller says. “An individual’s happiness at work will create happiness throughout all areas of their life, and __55__ a company with a happy, motivated workforce will see exceptional results in its products and services.”41. A. soar B. change C. cease D. disappear42. A. netizens B. administrators C. candidates D. employees43. A. make up B. quality for C. count on D. refer to44. A. change B. power C. duty D. variety45. A. lay in B. resulted from C. focused on D. contributed to46. A. analysis B. vacancy C. flexibility D. responsibility47. A. applied B. combined C. compared D. remembered48. A. benefited B. improved C. changed D. produced49. A. approve of B. account for C. take pride in D. get used to50. A. good B. easy C. impossible D. interesting51. A. profit B. honesty C. creativity D. loyalty52. A. turns B. runs C. advantages D. skips53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Besides D. Instead54. A. lower B. fair C. regular D. similar55. A. obviously B. frankly C. fortunately D. similarlySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference. Michigan States has not only received useful information from its parents. It has also shared helpful information of its own.Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.”56. What led to the setting up of the UIA?A. The low graduation ratesB. The great need of low-income students.C. The inefficiency of learningD. The severe competition between schools57. The UIA functions in such a way as the member universities ____.A. find out their own graduation ratesB. share and follow each other’s good practiceC. make joint efforts to aid students financiallyD. popularize computer programs among students58. By “it has meant a world of difference” in paragraph 6, the author means Michigan State__________.A. has found the computer program quite different from theirsB. has discovered the computer program is very difficult to useC. has helped students successfully with the computer programD. has involved more academic advisors in the computer program59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Universities Highlighting Their Efforts for Low-IncomesB. Universities Computing for Better Students and TeachersC. Universities Working Together to Help Poor StudentsD. Universities Creating the UIA to Share Information(B)60. The above webpage mainly aims to _________.A. raise funds from readersB. inform readers of quality journalismC. attract more readersD. guarantee readers a secure future61. Which of the following is a difficulty the Guardian is facing?A. It’s losing its editorial independenceB. It’s becoming increasingly reliant on its ownerC. It’s profiting much less from advertisingD. It’s operating in a challenging political climate62. What can be inferred from the webpage?A. Some billionaire owners are the Guardian’s editorsB. The Guardian is independent financially and politicallyC. Shareholders can interfere with the Guardian’s journalismD. Guardian Supporters can put ads on the mobile app for free(C)A new kind of production was underway on the set of the NBC comedy Superstore. Social media stars were crafting 30-second videos to post on their social media channels ahead of the comedy’s second-season return. Each made sure to mention Superstore and its first public show.As networks and studios struggle to reach young audiences in an increasingly fragmented(碎⽚化的)media marketplace, many have turned to so-called influencers—online stars whose is measured by the size of their Internet followings—as a means of generating awareness. Advertisers are seizing on the strategy in an age of commercial-skipping and ad-blockers. Word of mouth in the digital age means messages travel faster by way of social media. The majority of consumers worldwide trust online recommendations from stars. And when Superstore gave its first public show, it did so to higher ratings than the last show of Season 1.Studio and network executives say they work with influencers to build brand awareness and reputation in a more friendly way through the friend-like connections consumers feel toward the online personalities they follow. At the upper level, influencers typically have thousands of followers on social media and online content platforms and count many millions of people who tune in daily to watch them. Some do something that makes themselves look stupid in their daily routine, sharing videos of their trips to the grocery store or dinner dates. Others have built careers on performances—making comedy videos, reviewing video games, performing magic tricks and teaching cooking lessons, among other pursuits.When in the employ of studios, their efforts can be as simple as publicizing a film or more involved attempts like the marketingpush for Superstore. Entertainment companies declined to discuss how much they pay influencers. But several experts said their pay ranges from a few thousand dollars to several million. Some simply receive gift baskets instead of pay.Over the last year or so, some entertainment companies have begun to cast influencers in their TV and film pro jects. The strategy is a bit of gamble: It’s a new business model, and questions remain about the effectiveness of using these personalities to improve a show’s ratings—or helpopen a movie. Just how much influence the influencers have is hard to measure. TV ratings and box-office returns do not reveal what caused a viewer to tune in.What is clear is that these personalities aren’t necessarily getting the work because of their acting skills, but often because of their Internet followings. Yet as social media stars consider whether to take on jobs promoting movies and TV shows, there’s an important consideration for both parties: the credibility of a campaign. “Fans are definitely award when they’re being tempted with promotional posts,” said Zach King, a social media star who performs magic tricks. “It has to be something that is natural and fits with the image of the creator.”63. Why did social media stars post short videos on their channels before Superstore’s second season?A. To attract more influ encersB. To draw audience’s attentionC. To put on better performancesD. To increase the channels’ popularity64. Advertisers like the influencer marketing strategy because ________.A. audiences believe in whatever online stars recommendB. influencers are quite award of the impact of the digital ageC. ordinary advertisements are often ignored by young peopleD. social media platforms are the cheapest place to spread messages65. What is implied in the passage?A. The influencer marketing strategy help build connections between executivesB. Most influencers get paid from gift baskets instead of from their companiesC. Most influencers take on marketing jobs regardless of their reliabilityD. The influencer marketing strategy may not really work well66. The passage mainly wants to tell us that __________.A. most young people like following influencersB. studios are relying more on social media starsC. influencers are gradually replacing movie starsD. social media are filming videos for SuperstoreSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Longer LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers, you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says.____________67____________ Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for they study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “____________ 68____________ Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health message promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,” the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. ____________69____________One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. ____________70__________ .IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do Smartphones Make Us Smarter?Should teachers allow cellphones in a classroom? A recent study on the way smartphones disturb learning might help explain the issue. Researchers published findings showing how students were affected by their phones in the classroom. They explored the differences in student performance in four situations: open phone use allowed, phones allowed in the classroom but could not be used, no phones in the classroom and a no-instruction control group. After watching a 20-minuted video, students took a short quiz. The result was that the students in a room without any cellphones performed significantly better on the test. Scientists believe the way we attach ourselves to our phones could be the problem. Smartphones have become to strongly established in society that many people are lost without them. We are now in an age when many people can’t ima gine life without a phone. There is even a name for the anxiety caused by not having one-monophobia, which is the powerful feeling people get when they don’t have signal, their battery is about to die, or they are separated from their phones. Their fear of missing out on important information or connections can have a controlling effect on their lives and can divide their attention from other important things like learning.So does information technology help or block the way we think? In the past, people relied heavily on specific knowledge and knew how in their circle of friends would be most likely to know things in different subjects. Now, our friend with all the information is the Internet. Indications are that people don’t remember information as wel l if they know they can use a computer of phone to recall it quickly. So it may be more difficult to move information from the Internet into our long-term memory.But the impact of being exposed to so much information isn’t all bad. Reports show that frequent Internet use can strengthen fast-paced problem solving and can speed up the ability to spot patterns in a lot of data.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.何不利⽤这宜⼈的天⽓出去野餐呢?(advantage)73.当你对情况⼀知半解时，不要随意发表见解。

2018届上海市金山区高三下学期质量监控（二模）英语试题（含答案）

2018届上海市⾦⼭区⾼三下学期质量监控（⼆模）英语试题（含答案）2018届上海市⾦⼭区⾼三下学期质量监控（⼆模）英语试题（含答案）（时间120分钟，分值140分）2018年4⽉I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. For one week. B. For less than a week.C. For two weeks.D. Hard to say.2. A. Go to her sister’s wedding ceremony. B. Stay at home.C. Go to George’s birthday party.D. Go to George’s house-warming party.3. A. 50 dollars. B. 40 dollars. C. 60 dollars. D. 55 dollars.4. A. She feels bored with the idea. B. She thinks ballet is funny.C. She will not go with the man anyway.D. She shows interest in the show.5. A. Snowy. B. Sunny. C. Windy. D. Cloudy.6. A. She hasn’t seen Monet’s paintings for ten years.B. She hasn’t been to the museum for long.C. She has been interested in Monet’s paintings for ten years.D. She used to own one of Monet’s paintings.7. A. Father and daughter. B. Friends.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and his employee.8. A. The man is not interested in the game this weekend.B. The man is not interested in the team that will play this weekend.C. The man doesn’t want to mention the game.D. The man is not interested in watching any game.9. A. She would see Ellen at last.B. She saw Ellen for the last time not long ago.C. She has many people to see before Ellen.D. She wouldn’t like to see Ellen at all.10. A. The woman is sorry for not being able to spend the holiday with the man.B. The man is a bit annoyed because the woman didn’t tell him her plan for the winter holiday.C. The man is sorry about not being able to go to Malaysia.D. The woman is excited about spending the winter holiday in Malaysia without the man.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70. B. 80. C. 130. D. 15.12. A. On Tuesdays. B. On Wednesdays.C. On Sundays.D. On Mondays.13. A. The English Family club. B. The painting club.C. The sports club.D. The music club.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because they haven’t as much interest in finding the cure as in space travel.B. Because there are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C. Because it is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D. Because they believe people can recover without treatment.15. A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D. They show our body is fighting the virus.16. A. It can actually does more harm than good.B. It causes damage to some organs of our body.C. It works better when combined with other remedies.D. It helps us to recover much sooner.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It lasts till today.B. It lasted about ten years.C. It’s not mentioned in the conversation.D. It lasts forever.18. A. The commercial success of several boys and girls.B. The funny daily stories that happened to a group of close friends.C. How people in Manhattan made their living.D. American culture, mainly the coffee culture.19. A. It always received positive reviews from the critics.B. It enjoyed a high rate of watching.C. It was used as a tool for English learning all over the world.D. It became a cultural phenomenon.20. A. They may go to the ―Central Perk‖ for a cup of coffee.B. They may open a new coffee shop together.C. They may start practicing English with each other.D. They may go to the woman’s place to enjoy the show.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was eighteen, summer fading, when my parents drove me to my university apartment. It was my first apartment. ___21___ (walk) my parents solemnly back to their car, I noticed that my mother had tears in her eyes.I ___22___ (struggle) to hold back my own. Such a strong woman was she ___23___ it was rare to see such a show of emotion. At the time, I was rather surprised. Being the youngest of five children, I thought that myparents were accustomed to ___24___ (let) go. But maybe it’s something that never gets any easier, ___25___ ______________ many practice swings you get. As my parents drove off, I realized that they would return to an empty home,___26___ all of their children leaving to pursue dreams and lives of their own. Their nest, full of love and joy for so long, was now empty. Relishing (憧憬) my new-found freedom, I concentrated on my college life. My parents did their best to give me space to learn and grow, even if I neglected to call or visit. It was a time of ―firsts,‖ and a taste of first ―lasts.‖I have recently been playing Travel Frog, a mobile game that has me emotionally ___27___ (influence). In the game you gather resources, send your frog on his adventures and your payoff is, *drum roll please* ... postcards. That’s right, postcards.I thought it was a silly, overly-simplistic game at first, but then it started to bring back memories from long ago.While the game lacks the narrative detail or the interactivity of other games, you have a lesson ___28___ (learn) from your itinerant (四处奔波的) ―Frog Son‖. You do not control when he sets off on his adventures, ___ 29___ can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted (梦寐以求的) postcard. This game, however, has emotionally affected many players. They ___30___ (remind) of their parents who restlessly await their return home, their familiar voices, their love. Parents sacrifice a large part of themselves for their children. It is a sacrifice that can only be paid back with love.Section BDirections:Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used only once. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.Can Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作⽤), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. ―The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,‖ says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.―There are no definitive studies to show that having indoor plants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,‖says Luz Claudio, a professor of environmental medicine and publ ic health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air ―under laboratory conditions,‖according to Claudio. But in the real world —in your home or in your office space —the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour.―In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greater effect on indoor air quality than plants,‖ Kays says.Many people may be disappointed by what Kays said, but the professor also made it clear that he believes house plants are ___40___ — they are not only pleasant living companions, but also provide a number of health benefits. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress by calming the sympathetic nervous system, and can also make people f eel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels.III. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.What the scientists are saying…The first primate (灵长⽬动物) clonesFor the first time, scientists have used the technique that produced Dolly the sheep to clone monkeys. The Chinese researchers who produced the two macaques say that having access to genetically identical primates will be a huge___41___ to medical research. It will give scientists a clearer understanding of genetic ___42___ by enabling them to compare animals who are identical except for one tweaked gene; when ___43___ drugs, it will make it possible to rule out the possibility that variations in outcomes are down to genetic ___44___. But other experts have raised a host of ___45___. The somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique involves ___46___ a cell nucleus to a donated nucleus-free egg that is then prompted to develop into an embryo（胚胎）. Although 23 species have been cloned in this way, primates have only been cloned before using a less complex embryo-splitting technique. Similar to the process that creates twins, it can only lead to a very ___47___ number of genetically identical individuals. SCNT can in ___48___ lead to a far larger number of clones, but in the Chinese experiment, the fail rate was very high. The team implanted scores of embryos, but only two monkeys survived beyond a few days. ___49___ to that is the concern that by cloning a primate species, the team has broken down a significant ___50___ on the way to cloning humans.Herbal remedy dangerHerbal remedies such as St. John’s wort and ginseng may be ___51___ when used alongside conventional drugs, reports The Guardian. In a review of medical literature, researchers at Stellenbosch University in South Africa found several___52___ of alternative treatments appearing to ___53___ with prescription drugs, resulting in potentially dangerous side effects. In one case, the autopsy (解剖) of a 55-year-old who died while swimming concluded that the ginkgo biloba supplements he had been taking may have ___54___his anti-seizure (防⽌发作) medicine. Other cases documented patients on statins appearing to suffer complications linked to flaxseed, St. John’s wort and green tea. ―If you are taking herbal remedies, you should ___55___it to your clinician,‖ said one of the report’s authors, Dr Charles Awortwe.41. A. threat B. damage C. benefit D. potential42. A. variations B. diseases C. structures D. factors43. A. manufacturing B. applying C. testing D. prescribing44. A. mess B. differences C. losses D. recombination45. A. concerns B. focuses C. funds D. suspicion46. A. translating B. transferring C. connecting D. reversing47. A. magnificent B. astonishing C. limited D. accurate48. A. theory B. reality C. advance D. addition49. A. Attached B. Related C. Compared D. Added50. A. access B. key C. barrier D. contribution51. A. harmful B. useful C. helpful D. purposeful52. A. methods B. figures C. problems D. instances53. A. deal B. interact C. mix D. identify54. A. put forward B. moved up C. held down D. carried on55. A. claim B. avoid C. classify D. mentionSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Cure for tiredness?Staying up late is a potential battle between parents and kids. But the solution could be as simple as changing your meal time.Researchers at the University of Surry, UK, found that delaying meals could help change one of the internal body clocks. Besides a ―master‖ clock in the brain, there are clocks in other parts of the body. They are usually synchronized according to factors including light.During the study, researchers tested 10 participants to examine the effect of changing meal times on their body clocks. The participants were given three meals – breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the first stage, participants received breakfast 30 minutes after waking. Lunch and dinner followed, after 5-hour intervals. In the second stage, each meal was delayed by 5 hours. Right after each stage, blood and fat samples were collected.Results showed that later meal times greatly influenced blood sugar levels. A 5-hour delay in meal times caused a 5-hour delay in the internal blood sugar rhythms.The discovery showed that meal times are in line with the body clock that controls blood sugar levels.This is a small study but the researchers believe the findings could help jet lag sufferers and night-shift workers.In a study by the University of Surre y in 2013, researchers explored what happened when a person’s body was changed from a normal pattern to that of a night-shift worker’s.After people work through the night, over 97 percent of the bo dy’s rhythmic genes are disrupted.These findings explain why we feel so bad following a long flight, or after working at night, according to Simon Archer, one of the study’s researchers.“It’s like living in a house. There’s a clock in every room in the h ouse and in all of those rooms those clocks are now disrupted, which of course leads to chaos in the household,‖ fellow researcher DerkJan Dijk told the BBC.Changing meal times didn’t affect the ―master‖ body clock – the one controlling when we get sleepy – but it can reset the body clock that controls blood sugar levels.This wouldn’t necessarily cure jet lag completely, but it might reduce the negative effects.A study published earlier this year suggested that just a weekend camping trip could be enough to reset our body clocks.And now this latest research shows regular food schedules could play a key part too.56. What did researchers at the University of Surrey find from their new study?A. Connections between the ―master‖ clock and clocks in ot her parts of the body.B. Changing meal times can be enough to reset one of our body clocks.C. A delay in meal times causes an irregular change in blood sugar rhythms.D. Blood sugar levels are affected by when we eat rather than by our internal clocks.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the new study, according to the article?A. The interval between each meal being given was different.B. Blood and fat samples of the two groups of participants were collected.C. Participants were asked to report their feelings after each stage.D. Each meal was served five hours later during the second stage.58. What can we learn from the study by researchers at the University of Surrey from 2013?A. All our body’s genes would b e disrupted if we worked through the night.B. Our genes often become less active after a long flight or night of work.C. The disruption of one gene could lead to the disruption of other genes.D. A disruption to the body’s rhythmic genes can cau se people to feel bad.59. According to the article, ______.A. it’s impossible to reduce the negative effects caused by jet lag or night workB. there is more than one way to reset body clocksC. the ―master‖ body clock controls all the other bo dy clocksD. a change in meal times can reset the ―master‖ body clockThe Government of Canada offers apprentices registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship。

上海市崇明区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

15.A.Theycanmakeiteasyforcustomerstomakeup.
B.Theycanhelpstoresavoiddamage,lossandtheft.C.Theycanteachusershowtomakesmartproducts.
D.Theycanimprovetheeffectofproductsoncustomers.
16.A.Theypromotebothonlineandofflinebusinesses.
B.Theyhavehighrequirementsformobiledevices.C.Theyenablecustomerstointeractwitheachother.
D.TheyarequitesimilartopreviousappslikeSnapchat.
C.Ithelpsonebecomeslimmer.D.Itisgoodforone’sdigestion.
20.A.Themanprefershotdrinksonlyonverycolddays.
B.Thewomanmaychangeherhabitofdrinkingcoldliquids.
C.Thewomanbelievesdrinkingcoldwateralsohelpsrelieveacold.
China’sGoodSamaritanLaw(见义勇为法)TakesEffect
China’sGoodSamaritanLawwentintoeffectonOctober1toencouragepeoplewhoarereadytohelpothers.Underthelaw,peoplewhovoluntarilyofferemergencyassistancetothosewhoare,orwhotheybelievetobe,injured,illorindanger,willnothavecivilresponsibilityintheeventofharmtothevictims.

上海高三英语二模翻译汇总(含答案)-word文档资料

2018上海英语高三二模翻译汇总宝山72.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

（optimistic）I am optimistic about the result of the game /match.73. 许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。

（think）Many people think of being late as a small problem, but in fact it’s not./it can have serious consequences.74.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。

(…it…)Driverless technology solves people's puzzle and makes it possible to make a phone call /talk on the phone while driving.75. 人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力了仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。

（...not...but...）The most horrible/terrible/ dreadful/ fearful/ frightening/frightful thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieved/accomplished nothing even though you tried, but that you do nothing at all/give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary.崇明72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage)73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。

(knowledge)74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作，来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物？(it)75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界，你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。

2018年上海市黄浦区高考英语二模试卷

The cameras（2）________（spot）some animals that have never been recorded before in the area and others，like chimps，（3）________ are rarely seen．Stuart Nixon，the Africa Field Programme Co﹣ordinator at Chester Zoo，said confirmation of the locations of chimps was an important discovery．" Gashaka’s been regarded for many years as（4）________（have）the biggest population of this Nigeria﹣Cameroon chimp，which is the rarest chimp subspecies，" he said．" We consider it the most important population﹣that’s really（5）________ we need to count it and see what the status of the chimp is right now﹣that will ultimately affect what we know about this subspecies elsewhere．"
【解答】
1．for，考查固定搭配，be known for以…而闻名．
2．spotted，考查时态，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时态．
3．which，考查非限制性定语从句，先行词chimps，在从句中作主语，所以用which引导．

上海市静安区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

上海市静安区2018届⾼三英语⼆模试卷及答案静安区⾼三年级英语期中（⼆模）测试卷（2018.5）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By the seaside. B. In a restaurant.C. In a supermarket.D. At home.2. A. Driving the private car costs little.B. Taking subway requires a special pass.C. It’s more convenient to carry canned fish by pri vate cars.D. It’s uncomfortable to take the subway.3. A. A phone company clerk. B. A mechanic.C. A travel agent.D. A marriage consultant.4. A. The woman should go out to work.B. The woman should take charge of the cleaning herself.C. Maids are not very trustworthy these days.D. He contributes a lot to the family economy.5. A. He is not clever enough for the math club.B. He doesn’t have enough enthusiasm to explore math.C. He lacks former experiences in math study.D. He will be sooner or later admitted into the math club.6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D.7.7. A. The woman was mistaken about where she lost her ipad.B. The woman’s ipad might be kept well in the library.C. There’s a very slight chance of finding back her ipad.D. Her ipad is for public use so she might as well buy a new one.8. A. As a science fiction fan, she has already seen the film.B. She will go to deal with a dental problem then.C. She will go for a business appointment then.D. She is not very happy to go to see a film with the man.9. A. Her personal feeling quite contrasts with the research finding.B. Reading books is teenagers’ favourite activity.C. All the researches are offering misleading information.D. Mobile phones have taken none of teenagers’ leisure time.10. A. Previous customers have bought up the ovens on sale.B. Many other goods on sale are still available.C. The man can buy the oven through other channels.D. The oven is now sold at regular price.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passagesand the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To take advantage of cheap sugar cane.B. To reduce carbon dioxide emission.C. To add a selling point for its cola.D. To attract more young customers.12. A. To exchange food recipe(配⽅) with these companies.B. To share customer information with these companies.C. To get investments from these companies.D. To relieve these company’s dependence on petroleum.13. A. Coca-Cola’s new ways to cut costs.B. Coca-Cola’s transfer to recyclable plant plastics.C. Coca-Cola’s successful partnerships with other business giants.D. Coca-Cola’s efforts to pay more attention to customers’ needs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It provides jet bursts to strongly clean the body.B. It installs noise-masking effect equipment.C. It has a private doctor stand by the toilet.D. It collects one’s physical data when the toilet is used.15. A. The toilet will be more economical on water.B. User’s doctor can instantly get the data.C. A device inside the basin will be installed.D. Treatment suggestions will be delivered to the doctor.16. A. Because young people are not keen on innovations.B. Because young people are suspicious of the toilet’s function.C. Because the retail price is high for the young.D. Because young people don’t know much about the product.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because it’s an experienced car rental agency.B. Because it provides big discount on the rent.C. Because it’s convenient to collect the car after arrival.D. Because it offers commute cars and cars for long trip.18. A. Unreliable technology.B. Short battery life.C. Potential radiation from electricity.D. Lack of charging points.19. A. €370. B. €400. C. €530. D. €560.20. A. Car rental service fee.B. Insurance fee.C. Gas fee.D. Traffic fine.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – theyget（21）______(wire) into our brains."Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway."We all as creatures are behaving that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to (22)______ is delayed," Volkow says.How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemicalnamed dopamine. It causes the brain (23)______(pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right hint from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus (24)______(destroy) attempts to give up bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it (25)______ show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says，"It's fascinating."A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance reduction for adopting better habits.(26)______well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps that may help fight your brain's hold(27)______ newly-established habits:Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior – the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, (28)______ (make) the striatum(终脑⽪层)recognize thehabit.Therefore, if you don’t keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit (29)______ ______ your muscles protest.Besides, try to reward yourself with (30)______ that you really desire. For instance, if you exercise all week or stick to your diet, you could try a fancy restaurant- safer perhaps than a box of cookies because the price inhibits the quantity.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordcan only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. necessaryB. infectC. extremesD. refreshedE. spellsF. impactG. accompaniedH. sufficientI. shrinkJ. silencedK. earnedAs the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(⼲旱), and more intense rainfalls linked to global warming continue toupset our daily weather, we often forget they also ___31___ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ___32___ top spots on theworld's "endangered foods" list, indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ___33___ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to ___34___ the coffee plant and beans. The result?Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and ___35___ rain. However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producingcountries are not expected to be___36___by an increase in rainfall. Therefore ashigher temperatures take more moisture from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for this loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut grows best when it gets five months ofcontinuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree that the climate of the future will be one of the ___37___, including droughts and heatwaves. The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last yeara serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die.According to a financial report, the dry ___38___ caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the___39___in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage vicious marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) could be ___40___ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Don’t get sick in July!”This is a common concern in teaching hospitals in the U.S. It’s driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns, fresh out of medical school, start work. In other words, it’s when everyone is most ___41___. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.So is medical experience good or bad? Well, in most cases, your doctor’s experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ___42___ symptom earlyin a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can also determinethe right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ___43___,where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there’s a di rect connection between physician experience and your treating outcome.In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire. The reason is simple___44___. Doctors are humans too and they ___45___ tricks of the mind—like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ___46___from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ___47___ practitionersinto making the wrong decisions.Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and___48___ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quicklyfatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ___49___ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciously ignoring information opposing it. Let’s say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to___50___ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestionanyway because she was ___51___ with the prior diagnosis by experience.In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technical proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less-experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same___52___ for years.To safeguard yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ___53___. It may not always be possible to determine that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking ___54___. But asking questions does force your doctor tothink twice and ___55___ her decision about your case.41. A. innocent B. productive C. inexperienced D. prohibited42. A. slight B. objective C. complex D. sustainable43. A. media B. tradition C. reality D. textbook44. A. psychology B. education C. procedure D. priority45. A. take advantage of B. make sense ofC. fall victim toD. play fire with46. A. spring B. depart C. benefit D. distinguish47. A. highly-motivated B. well-seasonedC. deeply-offendedD. wide-eyed48. A. moderate B. visible C. conflicting D. permanent49. A. initial B. tough C. multiple D. private50. A. evaluate B. operate C. confirm D. revise51. A. preoccupied B. labelled C. associated D. concerned52. A. professional circle B. thinking patternC. academic backgroundD. operating order53. A. investigating B. questioning C. monitoring D. observing54. A. obstacle B. trap C. horizon D. struggle55. A. practice B. accommodate C. justify D. removeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations(震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overh ead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of thereef(礁⽯). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slowmovers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that Icould feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly,a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(⿇⽊的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and sho uting, ”What was that?”Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnesseda huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.(B)Amazon is presenting to you our weekly bestsellers in the fiction section.Twilight WhispersLinked for years through friendship and intermarriage, the Warren and Whyte families find their charmed world marred when Mark Whyte and his wife Deborah Warren are murdered. Police detectives, hearing about dissension of the families, set out to examine the mystique behind their superficial rapport.Katia Morell, daughter of the Whyte’s housekeeper, is drawn back to her growingplace and is forced to face her life-long love for Jordan Whyte. As many secrets are uncovered, especially about Katia’s biological father, the two young people from rival families are encountering fierce family objection in their search for happiness.10The New ColossusNellie Bly, blessed with courage and reportage skill, lands two front-page stories on the widely-read newspaper, Joseph Pulitzer’s NEW YORK WORLD.Pulitzer is so impressed that he assigns her to a murder case confusing the police—the death of Emma Lazaru. Her investigation leads to tense encounters with somepowerful and ruthless men of the time, when evils run wild on unregulated upper class. Bly has one real ally: a doctor who uses scientific techniques to establish criminal behavior. As the pieces fall into place, Bly uncovers layers of corruption(腐败).The essential connection between the murder case and the prevalent greed and darkness of the then society finally emerges.The Last Days of NightA young lawyer named Paul Cravath, takes a case that seems impossible to win. Paul’s client, George Westinghouse, has been sued by Thomas Edison over abillion-dollar question: Who invented the light bulb and holds the right to power the country?The case affords Paul entry to the heady world of high society—the glittering parties and the dark dealings behind closed doors. The task is beyond daunting. Edison is a dangerous opponent with vast resources at his disposal—private spies, newspapers.Yet this unknown lawyer shares with his famous opponent a compulsion to win at all costs.In obsessive pursuit of victory, Paul receives favors from Nikola Tesla, a brilliant inventor holding the key to defeating Edison.Bones Don't LiePrivate investigator Lance Kruger was just a boy when his father vanished twenty-three years ago. Since then he’s lived under the weight of that disappearance for over 20 years—until his father’s car is finally dragged out from Grey Lake. It should be a time for closure, except for the skeleton found in the trunk. A missing person case gone cold has become a murder.For Lance, the investigation yields troubling questions about a man he thought he knew. But memories can play dirty tricks. For his partner attorney Morgan, uncovering each new lie comes with a disquieting fear that someone is out there watching, killing every witness tied to this decades-old crime.60. In which way is The Last Days of Night different from the other three novels?A. In that The Last Days of Night exposes the evil and the dark dealings of the upper class life then.B. In that nobody is killed illegally in The Last Days of Night.C. In that the leading character in The Last Days of Night has got help from other characters.D. In that the leading character is born into a rich upper class family.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. In Twilight Whispers, the biggest challenge for Katia and Jordan is the long separation of time and space between them.B. In The New Colossus, the cause of the murder is rooted in the then corrupted society.C. In The Last Days of Night, Paul finally wins the law case because of his client Westinghouse’s vast resources at disposal.D. In Bones don’t lie, Lance Kruger’s father was confirmed by the police as the murdered when Lance was a boy.62. The underlined word dissention is closest in meaning to ______.A. financial worseningC. the loss of powerB. silenceD. conflict(C)If what we did were simply work to live, the reality of our everyday existence would be equivalent to that of stone age man. All of human achievement that makes modern life possible has happened because of the time that has been freed up from the work of everyday survival.For most of the human species on earth man and woman have been occupiedwith the simple business of staying alive in as much relative comfort as possible. Hunting and gathering, finding or building shelter, defending the little that one has from plunder(抢夺), surviving long enough to have offsprings of a mature enough ageto contribute to the welfare of the group—this was initially the main business of living. It has only been comparatively recently, since the agricultural and industrial revolutions that used emerging technologies to free human beings from the drudgery of day-to-day survival, that time has become available to do other than simply survive.However, living to work is a luxury that we should not take for granted, for even now still most of the human race couldn’t be blessed with the pearl.When we live to work we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we wouldn’t be doing it. The term “live to work” implies choice. Working to live denotes theexact opposite: anything will do that pays the bills. Anyone in the latter situationwill attest to the undesirability of being in such a position. Living to work suggests exhilaration in one’s calling; it summons images of freedom and excitement in the prospect of what each new day will bring, whereas working to live suggests little choice if any. “What do you want to do when you grow up?” is a question withwhich most children will be familiar, perhaps even bored. It is a question of what even a young adult can often not be sure of until they have had experiences of many different jobs, or at least the ones they thought to try. But to be forced to work at a task that one does not enjoy day after day for survival would be last choice on anyone’s list. Enlightened humanity, while acknowledging that some undesirablejobs must be done regardless, would acknowledge that if one was motivated in his work, the work would be so much better accomplished.63. The underlined word drudgery is closest in meaning to ______.A. imaginationB. hard laborC. draggingD. familiarity64. It is implied in the text that human beings ______.A. have been satisfied by contributing to the welfare of the group.B. stayed alive in much possible comfort for centuriesC. made little progress before the emergence of technologiesD. were addicted to hunting, gathering and building shelters.65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Human achievements facilitating modern life are done during the leisure time freed from survival work.B. The major early business of humans is to seek chances for technological developments.C. In modern society, most people have enough comforts to make individual choices for work.D. Most adults can answer confidently questions concerning what jobs they want to do.66. The best title for the passage would be ______.A. Technology, a driving force to push humans aheadB. Working to live, a basic condition for pleasant living to workC. Different desires and prospects people have for different kinds of work.D. Working to live or living to work, a choice distinguishing joy from suffering Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The appropriate feeding and caring styles were greatly rewarded in all aspects.B. It was claimed that simply feeding and changing them would be adequate.C. Some, however, demonstrate little influence with roughly ordinary behavior pattern.D. Maternal attachment plays a fundamental role in shaping who we are.E. Necessities are not just the availability of food and water.F. And they simply didn’t grow like normal infants.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love.But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychologicaland physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent.___67___ In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed fromtheir mothers were found to be clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) motherfor comfort.Such experimentations sound cruel. They, however, have been critical inhelping change policies in human orphanages( 孤⼉院) in the U.S. For centuriessome orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage. ___68___ Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to lightin Romania in the 1980s and ‘90s. A ban on abortion（流产) led to a surge in orphanage babies. Simply being fed and changed without individualized affection,some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors,repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. ___69___ Their head sizes were especially small.They even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has destructive consequences for both physical and mental。

上海市虹口区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

虹口区2017学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第 I 卷(共100 分)I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: Af t er reading the passage below, f i ll in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, f ill in each blank with the proper f orm of the given word; f o r the other blanks, use one word that best f i ts each blank.Nook 's arrival, Good or Bad?Book l overs, most of them, w i ll tell you(21)a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to the friend -the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of ; the travel book that made you feel (22)you yourself w ere on a train ride through India. For a w hile it seemed that e-book users w ere to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. Y ou could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn't lend it out.But now, w ith the Nock, the US book chain Barnes and Noble's response to Amazon's Kind le,electronic readers w ill be ab le to have their latest literaryenthusiasm(23) (press) on their friends,justlik e readers of physical books can, Y ou simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read itfor tw o w eeks, (24)(use) any device w ith the Barnes& Noble e-book reader softw a re. It's a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. Y ou read in black and w h ite on the main screen. just like w ith Kind le. The difference is (25)on the low er part of the device there's a colour touch screen,(26)allow s you to browse through a book or a magazine , but goes black w hen you're not using it sothat you save pow e r.(27) exciting th ing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)(read) w hole e-books at Barnes& Noble for hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Barnes& Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook,iron i cally,(29)(turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes& Noble, or at least ajob- loser for Barnes& Noble's employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website,(30)the Nook is successful it mighttake sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word cho s en f r om the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. branchB. departmentC. appropriateD. expansionE. w i thdrewF. dominatedG. licensed H. contract I. considerable J. brands K. breakthroughForeign Giants T arget Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Ch in ese milk manufacture as a business partner for its (31)in China – a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge Ch i na’s dairy market by tying up w i th local players.Ar la signed the cooperation (32), w hich comes into effect this month, w ith Mengn iu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-pow der joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North Chin a’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal betw een Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new (33) for Multinat i onal’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create ( 34) profits in domestic milk market, especially the liqu id-m ilk sector, w hich is follow ed closely by price w ars and dominated by local (35)---companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful ---Nestle, Inter, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wy eth have (36) the high-end milk-formula market in Ch i na.“We w ill w atch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) (37) time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said w hen it (38) its investment in its Tianjin jo int venture last year after eight years.The company has (39) its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk pow der and Dutch lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its (40) company in Hong Kong.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the f ollowing passage there are f our word s or phra ses marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best f its the context.Our modern w o rking lives are ruled by the concept of competence(能力). The idea that lies behind competence is quite simple: that one can state w hat people should do in behavioral terms, and then 41 w hether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not. We rarely have a second thought about w hether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not. 42 , it is a debatable one.Humans do not learn or w o rk in w a ys that can be measured by the 43 of competence. Take the example of a bar ista w ho is being trained to make coffee. The job title of “bar ista” 44 a degree of skill in making coffee. How ever, baristas in large coffee chains are usually trained through 45 qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n) 46 standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are tw o reasons w h y such an approach to training baristas does not 47 .First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary(二次元的) 48 . The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the w orld, it does not matter, as competence-based training does not rew ard outstanding performance. 49 , producing the w orst cup of coffee w ould be a fail in the same w ay as producing a cup just below the standard. In fact, competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all----only the final b i nary outcome.Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain 50 , competence is not interested in w hy the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that 51 produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds w h ich 52 through learning.Y et w e are increasingly forced to 53 competence in our schools and w o rkplace. We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If w e w ant to be true human in our learn ing and our w orkplace, w e need to be 54 and special. Learning and innovation invo lve failure in aim i ng for something that is unusually good. Such things simply cannot be 55 by the standard of competence w h ere the mediocre(平凡的) is the gold standard.41. A. question42. A. As a rule B. predictB. As a w h oleC. measureC. In other w o rdsD. confirmD. In fact43. A. impression44. A. suggests45. A. society-based B. conceptB. assumesB. self-basedC. valueC. deservesC. pleasure-basedD. developmentD. inheritsD. competence-based46. A. minimum47. A. last48. A. challenge B. uniqueB. w o rkB. appearanceC. traditionalC. existC. outcomeD. internationalD. changeD. practice49. A. Therefore50. A. agreement51. A. typically B. InsteadB. extentB. simplyC. MoreoverC. standardC. cheaplyD. Likew i se D.description D.occasionally52. A. alter53. A. handle54. A. common B. expandB. classifyB. sociableC. createC. transferC. creativeD. exhaustD. achieveD. mature55. A. judged B. achieved C. restored D. presentedSection BDirections:Read the f ollowing three passages. Each passage is f ollowed by several questions or unf inished statements. For each of them there are f our choices marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that f i ts best according to the inf o rmation given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel w a s born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a fam i ly of musicians. In 1757, hefled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, heconvinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team becameoccupied in astronomy. William d ied at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th, 1822, andCaroline on September 1st, 1848.Herschel's first major discoveries w e re to show that Mars and Jupiter exhib i t ax i al rotation( 绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in1781, w h en on March13th, he discovered the planet Uranus(天王星) w hileengaged in w ork aimed at determining stellar parallax( 恒星视差). This being the first new planetdiscovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relat ively unknow n even inEng land, became w orld-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planetGeorgiumSidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick w orked once again, asKing George III gave William and Caroline the titles of "The King’s Astronomer" and "Assistant to theking's Astronomer", an honor w hich came w ith a life's pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, andshortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caro line could devote themselves entirelyto astronomy. The Herschels w e nt on to discover tw o moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied w i th the search for comets at w h ich she w a s quitesuccessful. William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 w o rk, he put forththe theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist w ell into the nineteenth century. In 1800, hebecame interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energyoutput outside of the visible spectrum, in w hat is now know n as the infrared (红外线). In 1801, hepublished tw o papers that effectively started the field of solar influ e nces on Earth’s w e ather.56. Herschel made himself know n to the w o rld mainly byA. discovering the planet UranusB. determin i ng stellar parallaxC. discovering tw o moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George IIIA. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel's naming of the new planetC. w a s interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do w e know about Carolin e from the passage?A. She w a s successful in music.B. She w a s titled "The king's AstronomerC. She died later than her brother.D. She published tw o papers59. This passage mainly tells readersA. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along w e ll w i th each otherD. Herschel and Caroline's major scientific publications(B)OSCAR THEATR EBOOKI NG-in personThe Box Office is open Monday to Saturday, 10 am-8 pm.-by postStating the performance and choice of seats, enclosing a cheque, postal order, or your credit card detailsto Oscar Theatre Box Office, PO Box 220, Main street. All cheques should be made payable to OscarTheatre-by telephoneRing 0844 847 2484 to reserve your tickets or to pay by credit card (V isa, Master Card accepted)-on-lineComplete the on-line book i ng form at www.oscartheatre com.DISCOUNTSSaver: $2 off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from Monday to Thursdayinclusive, and for all matinees (下午场). Savers are availab l e for children up to 16 years old, over 60sand full-time students.Supersaver: half-price seats are availab le for people w ith disabilit ies and one companion. It isadvisab le to book in advance. There is a maximum of eight w heelchair spaces availab le and onw h eelchair space w i ll be held until one hour before the show(subject to availab i lity) Standby: best availab le seats are on sale for $6 from one hour before the performance for peopleelig i b l e(有资格的) for Saver and Supersaver discounts and thirty minutes before for all other customers.Group Book i ngs: there is a ten per cent discount for parties of tw e lve or more.Schools: school parties of ten or more can book $9 tickets in advance and w ill get every tenth ticket free.Please note: w e are unable to exchange tickets or refund money unless a performance is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstance.60. When booking by post, you can pay for a ticket byA. visit i ng the w e bsite of a post officeB. going to your local bank in personC. enclosing your Master Card in an envelopeD. providing your credit card information61. What benefit can bookers enjoy according to the text?A. A group of ten adults going to a performance can claim a discount.B. A school party of 15 persons that book in advance pay $135 in total for aperformance.C. Someone accompanying a w h eelchair user to a performance receives a discount.D. An 18-year-old teenager is elig i b l e for Saver discounts.62. According to the text, can get Standby ticket.A.65-year-olds buying tickets an hour and a half before a performanc e beginsB. full-t ime students buying tickets 45 minutes before a performance beginsC.theatre-goers w h o are unexpectedly unable to be present at a performance.D. anyone w h o buys tickets an hour before a performance begins(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last w eek: there w as nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This w as an inside job,according to court documents. A low ly help-desk w orker at Teledata Communications, a softw are firm that helps banks access credit reports online, alleged ly stole passw ords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allow ed the gang to cherry-pick consumers w ith good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It's one of crime's biggest grow th markets. A name, address and Social Security number --w hich can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to app ly for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so there's little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it's up to you to protect your ident i ty.The good new s is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not w ell-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of "pre-approved" credit-card mailin gs that go out every day. Others steal w allets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leav ing your Soc ial Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective w a y to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or tw ice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, w hich is a lot better than w ading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion's w ebsite to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--lay ing out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you're lucky enough to live in Co l orado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or V ermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherw ise it's going to cost $8 to $14 each time. A void services that offer to monitor your reports year -round for about $70; that's $10 more than the going rate among th ieves. If you think you're a victim of ident ity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. Y ou can also dow nload a theft-report form /idtheft, w hich, along w ith a local po lice report, should help w hen irate creditors come knocking. Just don't expect justice. That audacious help-desk w o rker w a s one of the few e r than 2% of identity thieves w h o are ever caught.63. The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means .A. a crime that is committed by a person w o rking for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. The creditors can protect their identity in the follow i ng w a y except .A. destroying your junk mailB. leav i ng your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report w e bsite regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft becauseA. More people are using credit service.B. The application program is not safe enough.C. Creditors usually disclose their identity.D. Creditors are not careful about their ident i ty.66. The best title of the text isA. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identitySection CDirections: Read the passage caref u lly. Fill in each blank with a proper seen given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there aret»o sentences than you need.A. When you are done w i th your task then rew a rd yourself.B. Make sure you only rest for 10 minutes.C. Or you can w o rk harder and start an even bigger project.D. Set a kitchen timer and say to yourself that you only have to do this w o rk for 10minutes.E. When you sort papers，do the laundry or do the dishes, be fully there.F. Y ou don't alw a ys have to do just one thing at a time in silence.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring. But you still have to w ash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at w ork or in school. So w hat can you do not to get lost in procrastination( 拖延)?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in w h at may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus on your thought on w hy you are doing this and how good it w ill feel w hen you are done w ith it. If needed, sit dow n for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to w ork w ith that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attent i vely. 67 Focus 100% on just the w o rk w i th all your sense-how it feels, looks, and smells –as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal w i th yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do task like these in small bursts. So make a deal w ith yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house. 68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) .Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable d i straction. If possible，try to listen to the radio，your favorite songs，an audio book or w a tch a movie or TV episode w h ile doing your boring task.69 I often listen to music or w a tch an episode of the Simpsons w h ile doing the dishes or other routine w o rk at home.70 Take a w alk in the sun. Move on to more fun or creative task at w ork or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forw ard to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate rew a rd right after you are finished.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the f o llowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own wo r ds as f a r as possible.Clearly if w e are to participate in the society in w hich w e live, w e must communicate w ith other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If w e travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, w e are likely to have conversations w here w e give information or opinions, receive new s or comment and very likely have our view s challenged by other members of society.Face-to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last tw o hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of current society. Tw o things, above others, have caused the enormous grow th of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiv eness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and televis ion. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local new s often takes a back seat to national new s, w h ich itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international new s.No longer is the possession of information restricted to a w ealthy minority. In the last century the w ealthy man w ith his ow n library w as indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to w a tch a program that is being channeled into m i llions of homes.Communication is no longer merely concerned w i th the transmission of information. The modem communication influ ences the w ay, people live in society and broadens their horizons by allow ing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all information, education and entertainment, The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all invo l ved w i th informing, educating and entertaining.V.T ranslationDirection:Translate the f o llowing sentence into English,using the words given in the brackets. 72. 应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。

【2018年】高三英语上海市第二次模拟试题及参考答案

英语2018年高三上海市第二次模拟试题英语考试时间：____分钟填空题（本大题共7小题，每小题____分，共____分。

）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On paper alone you would never guess that I grew up poor and hungry.These years my (21)____(recent) annual salary was over $700,000.I am a Truam National Security Fellow and a term member at the Council on Foreign Relations. My publisher has just released my latest book series on quantitative finance in worldwide distribution.(22) ____of it feels like enough.I feel(23)____I am wired(极度紧张的)for a permanent salary of fight or flight,waiting for the other shoe to drop, or the metaphorical week when I don’t eat.I’ve chosen not to have children, partly because(24)____any success-I still don’t feel I have a safety net.I have a huge minimum checking account balance in mind before I would ever consider having chidren If you knew me personally,you(25)____ get glimpses of stress,self-doubt,anxiety,and depression.In my childhood,I spent a lot of my time (26)____pondering basic questions. Where will my next meal come from?Will have electricity tomorrow?I (27)____(acquaint) with the embarrassment of my mom trying to hide our food stamps at the grocery store checkout.Iremember panic setting in as early as age 8,at the prospect of a perpetual uncertainty about everything in life, from food to clothes to education.I knew that the life I was living couldn’t be normal.I just wasn’t sure(28)____it was that wrong with the tiny microcosm I was borninto.As an adult I thought I’d figured that out.I’d always thought my upbringing had made me wary and cautious, in a “lessons learned”kind of way.Over the past dacades, though,that marrative(29) ____(evolve). We’ve learned that stresses（30）____（associate）with poverty have the potential to change our biology in ways we hadn’t imagined.It can reduce the surface area of your brain,shorten your telomeres and lifespan,increase your chances of obesity,and make you more likely to take outsized risks.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.magnetB.scheduledC.idealD.forwardE.touringF.envisionedG.architecture H.dramaticI.physical J.tentativelyK.headquartersDream Works Animation Bringing Broadway to ShanghaiDream Works Animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg’s quest to build what he hopes will be China’s answer to New York’s Broadway has taken a big step____.Construction workers have begun work on the foundation of a 13-level tower that will be the new ____of Oriental Dream Works and linked to a large to a large,X-shaped IMAX cinema complex via a pathway____as an extended red carpet.The waterfront development is____to open in late 2017 on a choice parcel south of Shanghai’s historic Bund district.The Oriental Dream Works movie studio will have room for 500-plus animators,up from the company’s current 250 employees,and will be at the ____heart of the complex.Situated on the grounds of a shuttered cement factory, the complex will have five major live performance venues with 8,500 seats in total,including a 3.000-seat facility houses in a dome where cement was once mixed.In addition to hosting international touring productions of musicals and dramas,the Dream Center is visualized as a____for pop, rock and jazz concerts; sporting events such as mixed material arts and motorbike racing;fashion shows and awards ceremonies;and conferences,art fairs and____exhibitions.Planning is also underway for a Lego Discovery Center and an attraction____called the Kung Fu Panda Experience.The complex is designed by New York____film Kohn Pedersen Fox.Associates,which is behind the massive Hudson Yards redevelopment project on Manhattan’s West Side.The IMAX theater,meanwhile, will have eight to nine screens and presumably be the ____venue to host premiers of productions form Oriental DreamWorks----though it won’t be ready in time for the studio’s first effort,”Kung Fu Panda3”,scheduled for release in January.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon,their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil,which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the ____surface’s low-pressure environment.But back at Johnson Spance Center,in Houston,scientists discovered that the seals had been____—by moon dust.Lunar dust is fine,like a powder,____it cuts like glass.It’s formed when meteoroids crash on the moon’s surface,heating rocks and dirt____them to fine particles.Since there’s no wind or water to smooth____edges,the tiny grains are sharp and sharp and jagged,and cling to nearly everything.“The invasive____of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue,as well as a____issure for settlers,than does radiation,”wrote Harrison(Jack) Schmitt,an Apollo 17 astronaut,in his 2006 book,”Return to the Moon.” The dust sullied spacesuits and ate away layers of moon boots.Over the____of six Apollo missions, not one rock box ____its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships,too.According to Schmit,it smelled like gunpowder,where particles are bound to the moon by gravity,but are so sparse that they____collide.In the nineteen-sixties,Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during ter,Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan,while orbiting the moon,recorded a ____phenomenon at the sharp line wherelunar day meets night,called the terminator.Cernan____a series of pictures illustrating the changing dustscape;streams of particles popped____the ground and levitatel,and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter approached daylight. ____there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds,their origin is something of a mystery.It’s presumed that they’re made of dust,but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.41. A.solar B.narC.dustyD.mysterious42. A.destroyed B.stainedC.changedD.redesigned43. A.because B.howeverC.butD.so44. A.adapting B.reducingC.tailoringD.shaping45. A.soft B.hardC.roughD.flat46. A.nature B.speedC.degreeD.troops47. A.intelligence B.healthC.fundD.future48. A.moment B.situationC.courseD.program49. A.installed B.lostC.foundD.maintained50. A.coats B.affectsC.protectsD.crusts51. A.frequently B.violentlyC.gentlyD.rarely52. A.strange B.similarmonD.different53. A.sketched B.describedC.receivedD.copied54. A.out B.inC.offD.down55. A.Although B.WhereverC.UnlessD.SinceSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Thewriter’s festival is more than an event celebrating authors,it also celebratesthe power of literature and the power of you,the reader.B.Storieshave been around since time began.C.But heargued sexual pleasure is too fleeting and betrayal too common,and while friendship was better italways ended with death.D.A 2013study found reading literary fiction can help you become more empathetic.E.It isno coincidence that Apollo was the god of medicine as well as poetry.F.They remind us of the university and timelessness ofemotions,helping us better understand our own.The understanding that literature can comfort,console and heal has been around since the second millennium Bc,____.As a bibliotherapist,I’m internsted in the therapeutic value stories have to offer us,particularly during times of stress.Here the intent around reading is different;the value of the story lies solely in our emotional response to it.One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne,who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness:have a lover,have friends and readbooks.____.Therefore,the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul?Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books?Why,despites all the distractions of modern life,do booksstill get published and writers’festival events get sold out?The answer lies in the power of stories.____.They tell us what it is to be human,give us a context for the past and aninsight towards the future.A narrator’s voice replaces our stressed,internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story.Paradoxically,we think we are escaping ourselver but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds.Freud,who believed the “reading cure” came before the “talding cure”,once wrote that wherever he want he discovered a poet had been there before.It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writes,____What stories have shaped you?It’s a question reflecting on,as this shaping is often subconscious.The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a different intent;you will be “reading” your life from now on,allowing you to live it more fully and better understand it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learn from mistakesThe best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison.who invented the light bulb,told his colleagues:”Of the 200 light bulbs that didn’t work,every failure told me something I was able to incorporate into the next attempt.” Benjamin Franklin, the US statesman and statesman and scientist once said:”I haven’t failed.I have had 10,000 ideas that didn’t work.”Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success.In fact, a surprising number of everyday bojects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post0-it-notes,packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.In 2600 BC, a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his fried potatoes were not thin enough.In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague,Art Fry,decided to use it six years later,in 1974,to hold his bookmarks in his books and the post-it note was invented.Successful businesspeople have often made big,expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000,Thomos Watson,the chairman,was asked if he would fire the man.”Of course not,”he replied.”I have just spent $600,000 training him.I am not going to let another company benefit from experience.”The important thing to remember is that you need to learn fromr your mistakes.If you don’t,then there is no sense in making them.”I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你怎么能指望在合作的过程中依靠一个言而无信的人？(expect)73.只有在自然灾害发生的时候，人们才会真正了解到大自然的威力。

【英语】上海市长宁区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A. He is angry.B. He is exhausted.C. He is hungry.D. He is disappointed.2. A. Go over his lessonsB. Attend the partC. Eat out with friendsD. Take the final exam3. A. She is most likely to be arrested.B. She has forgotten to call the police.C. She may have lost her driving license.D. She is lying to the police officer.4. A. Bill broke his promise.B. Mum will probably reward Bill.C. Bill failed in the testD. Mum is worried about Bill’s wor k.5. A. Make a recovery plan.B. Go back to work.C. Drop out of school.D. Quit her present job.6. A. She gave him a lift home again.B. She offered him an extra room.C. She treated him well at her home.D. She spared much time for him.7. A. She doesn't have time to find a new flat.B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat.D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday.8. A. Extreme sports.B. Travel insurance.C. Bungee jumping.D. Diving safety.9. A. She likes Phillips singing very much.B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.C. She enjoys the changes of his musicalsD. She admires other singers more than Phillips.10. A. American students are too talkative in class.B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.C. One can join in schooling in different ways.D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but ne questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One should wait for things to happen before leaving.B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.C. One should try to take control of the difficult situationD. One should turn to other people for instant help12. A. By motivating himself to take action.B. By seeking help from his friend.C. By thinking of the meaning of lifeD. By taking good care of himself.13. A. Life is not always peaceful and it is full of terrible accidents.B. Keep a positive attitude and focus on survival whatever happensC. Advanced equipment is the essential factor in surviving crisesD. Be ready to get immediate assistance when lost in the jungle Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In 1969.B. In 2012.C. In 1976.D. In2016.15. A. Suggested creating a university of science and technology in Egypt.B. Helped many Egyptian scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize.C. Developed cooperation with the University of California in the U.S.D. Provided excellent Egyptian students with more financial support.16. A. For his relationship with Egyptian President.B. For his academic performance in technology.C. For his good service in the Egyptian Army.D. For his outstanding contributions to Egypt.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It offers different opinions on old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates the causes of the aging problem.D. It reveals the secrets of living longer.18. A. The old are thought to be healthy but lonely.B. The old are reported to be poor but happy.C. The old are regarded as an unattractive group.D. The old are considered dangerous to the society.19. A. They are easy to fall down with serious illness.B. They enjoy traveling and getting new experiences.C. They are difficult to be recognized due to the changes.D. They have no more mental problems than the middle-aged.20. A. Raise people's awareness of caring for the old.B. Help people take their responsibilities for the old.C. Change people’s attitude towards the aged group.D. Ease people's fear and anxiety about growing old.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shapethe official new plan of the government.21 (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were22 (share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months 23 he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death."The friendship which _ 24 (exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me 25 (believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with 26 single and keen eye to the generalinterest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth,to_ 27 _ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.”A week later, Madison replied.“You cannot look back 28 _ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. __29_ they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public goodand I have confidence30 sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word canbe used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain numberof short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet toput them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novelin a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it,he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful_ 38 .Just what he will write in the future remains_ 39 . With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that fromit will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效)Quality teaching depends on teachers' knowledge and skills but on the environmentin which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent c m focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work 41 with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomesof their 42 .If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just ashospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the 43 of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation( if i) requirements,---schools must have such regular occasionsto examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right,school-level accountability can be supported by school _ 44 , like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schoolsby spending several days visiting classrooms, 45 samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, 46 looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make _ 47 about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the 48 and comparabilityof school-based assessments(as in England and Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong).I n most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’ 49 and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_ 50 , the acquisition of workplace skills and the 51 to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices anda 52 lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedbackon what the inspections both saw and _ 53_ . Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert 54 and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be_ 55 if they are not improved.41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D.copying46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D.support49. A. education B. performance C. attention D.interest50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits51. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent52. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled downSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given inthe passage you have just read.(A)NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWSWarning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “This is a growing environmental problem,”said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,” Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space.Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem,” Johnson admits. “I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C. It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.(B)ABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submit to iris(虹膜)scans, as the technology that helps keep our nation’s airports and hotels safe begins to make its way further into American lives.this high-techsecurity system on Monday with fundingfrom the Department of Justice as part of a study onthe system’s effectiveness.As many as four adults can be authorized to pickup each child in the district, order to be authorizedto come into school, they will be asked to registerwith the district’s iris recognition security and visitor management system. At thispoint, the New Jersey program is not a must.If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes analarm and red flashing lights in the front office. The entire process takes justseconds.This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country likeOrlando International Airport, where the program has been in operation since July.It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to irisscans rather than going through lengthy security checks.An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records240 unique details- far more than the seven to twenty-four details that are analyzedin fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about onein 1.2 million and just one in 1. 44 trillion if you scan both eyes.Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive,the program would help schools across the country move into a new frontier in childprotection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in New Jersey, on school,he said, We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urbanschool to launch the system.”Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had theeye scanners installed in two grammar schools and one middle school. So far, 300 ofthe nearly 1, 500 individuals available to pick up a student from school haveregistered for the eye scan system.59. Why does the Freehold Borough School District adopt the iris security system?A. To ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking up children.B. To encourage more students to register in New Jersey urban schools.C. To test the effectiveness of school security and management system.D. To collect the information of the children and their beloved parents.60. What's the advantage of the eye scan system over fingerprints?A. Having many more subscribers throughout the country.B. Authorizing the adults to pick up children more flexibly.C. Attracting parents in a larger proportion to register for it.D. Making almost no mistakes in identifying the authorized.61. How does Phil Meara help to ensure the safety of children?A. By persuading people to register with the security system.B. By applying for grant to install eye scanners in schools.C. By asking the department of justice to fund the program.D. By turning to Orlando International Airport for help.62. What is the best title of this passage?A. Parents Favor the Eye Scan System.B. Security Management Needs Improving.C. High Technology Comes to School.D. Iris Scanners Are Invented in the Country.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off.Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They j ust felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “I t's been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her c oncentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with .A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty’s experiences in his childhood and coll egeD. K arenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD. Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousandsof years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品). 70The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mainpoint(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Conflict of the OrdersThe types of people who served as officials in the Roman government changed over time. These changes stemmed from the attempts of common people to more rights. The struggles became known as the Conflict of the Orders.In the early republic, Romans were divided into two classes of people: patricians and plebeians. Patricians were powerful landowners who controlled the government. As nobles, they inherited their power. Plebeians, who made up most of the population, were mainly farmers and workers. For many years, plebeians had few rights. They could vote, but they were barred from holding most public offices. Plebeians could not even know Roman laws because laws were not written down. In court, a judge stated and applied the law, but only patricians served as judges.Over time, plebeians increased their power through demand and strikes. They gained the right to join the army, hold government office, form their own assembly, and elect leaders. In one of their greatest victories, they forced the government to write down the laws of the Roman Republic. In about 450, B.C. the Romans engraved their laws on tablets called the Twelve Tables. The laws were placed in the Forum, the chief public square, for all to view.The first plebeians were appointed to the government in the late 400s B.C. After 342 B. C, a plebeian always held one of the consul positions. By about 300 B. C. many plebeians had become so powerful and wealthy themselves that they joined with patricians to form the Roman nobility. From that time on, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was not as important. Membership in the nobility was still very important, however, since government officials were not paid a salary only wealthy nobles could afford to hold office. Thus, the nobles still controlled the republic.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.我们必须尽快适应新环境。

【高三英语试题精选】2018届高三下学期英语教学质量调研考试(二模)试卷(上海市嘉定区带答案)

2018届高三下学期英语教学质量调研考试（二模）试卷（上海市嘉定区带答案）Kj 嘉定区Greek project can provide important clues as to what happened during this violent period in Greek historyIII Reading prehensionSection ADirections For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the contextWhy College is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity However , nothey are being an ___41____period of adolescence , during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult _____42____In the past two decades , continued connections with and ___43____on family , thanks to cell phones , email and social media , have increased significantly Some parents go so far as to help with coursework Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy ,universities have ____44_____to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility , college need to be a time of ___45____and experimentation This process involves “trying on” neays of thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally _____46_____we should。

2018上海高考英语二模翻译汇总

2018年上海高考二模翻译汇总1.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

（popular）Going out for a holiday is increasingly popular.2.寒暑假期间，我们学校的各类体育设施向市民开放。

（access）All kinds of sports facilities are access to the citizens during the winter and summer holidays.3.智能手机给人们生活带来了许多便捷，但其负面影响不容小觑。

（despite）Despite much convenience brought by smart phones, we can’t ignore their negative impacts.4.我们坚信：一个更加和谐的社会将会建成，人民安居乐业，物质和精神方面都将得到满足。

（where）We firmly believe that a more harmonious society will be built, where people will live and work in peace and contentment, both material and spiritual aspects will be satisfied.1. 这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。

(provide)The Spring outing provided students with an opportunity for relaxation.2. 缩小贫富差距是政府面临的主要挑战之一。

(face)Reducing\narrowing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.3. 只有充分利用有限的时间, 才能适应快节奏的现代生活。

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2018上海英语高三二模翻译汇总宝山72.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

（optimistic）I am optimistic about the result of the game /match.73. 许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。

（...not...but...）The most horrible/terrible/ dreadful/ fearful/ frightening/frightful thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieved/accomplished nothing even though you tried, but that you do nothing at all/give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary.崇明72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢(advantage)73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。

(knowledge)74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作，来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物(it)75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界，你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。

(So)72. Why not take advantage of the agreeable weather and go out for a picnic (1+1+1)73. When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don’t express your opinionscasually/randomly. (2+1)74. What was it that made you give up such a stable job and come to the remote area to protectwild animals (1+1+1+1)75. So quickly is artificial intelligence changing the whole world that it is hard for you to predictwhat life will be like in the future. (1+2+1+1)奉贤72. 与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

（popular）73. 寒暑假期间，我们学校的各类体育设施向市民开放。

（access）74. 智能手机给人们生活带来了许多便捷，但其负面影响不容小觑。

（despite）75. 我们坚信：一个更加和谐的社会将会建成，人民安居乐业，物质和精神方面都将得到满足。

(where)72. Going on a holiday with their family members is becoming more and more/increasingly popular with people.citizens have access to all kinds of sports facilities in our school during summer and winter vacations.the great convenience smart phones have broug ht about to people’s life, its side effects can’t be ignored.firmly believe a more harmonious society will be built, where people will live and work happily and they will be satisfied with their life physically and mentally.虹口72. 应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。

(stop)73. 在澳大利亚期间，他养成了每天和父母视频通话的习惯。

(habit)74. 与成年人相比，年轻人更容易犯错误是因为他们不够成熟，缺少经验。

(likely)75. 近年来，电子白板系统应高效灵活地运用于课堂教学的想法已被广泛接受，难道不是吗(idea)1.Measures/ Steps/action(s) should be taken to stop new viruses (from) spreading.2.He developed/ formed/got into the habit of making video calls with his parents during his stayin Australia.pared with adults, young people are more likely to make mistakes for their immaturity andlack of experience.4.In recent years, the idea that electronic whiteboard system should be applied to classroom teaching efficiently and flexibly has been widely accepted, hasn’t it (同位语从句可以后移；副词也可提前）黄浦72. 他一直提醒自己不要对他人太苛刻。

(hard)73. 正如歌中所唱，没有人可以随随便便成功。

(reason)74. 在业余时间，汤姆通过替在外出差的人遛狗来赚取零用钱。

(spend)75. 这家以牛排为特色的饭店很受欢迎，你至少要提前两周定座。

(feature)72. He keeps reminding himself not to be (too) hard on others.73. Just as the song goes: no one will succeed without a reason.74. Tom spends his spare time walking dogs for those on business trips to earn pocket money.75. The restaurant, which features steaks, is so popular that you have to reserve a table/ seat atleast two weeks in advance.嘉定72. 他在会议上提出的建议值得三思。

（worth）73. 法律和政策应该适应我们不断发展的社会需求。

（adapt）74. 绝不能任由困难打倒你，因为你永远不知道你离成功有多么近。

（account）75. 父母竭力庇护孩子免受问题的困扰，甚至代替他们做重要的决定，这将不利于孩子的健康成长。

（which）。

72. The suggestion he put forward at the meeting is worth giving a second thought.73. Laws and policies should adapt to the developing needs of our society.74. On no account can you let any difficulties discourage/ beat you, for you can never tell howclose you may be to success.75. Parents try to shelter / protect their children from problems and even make importantdecisions for them, which will do harm to / be harmful to /be bad for the growth of their children.金山72. 多参加志愿者活动，它能使你成为更好的人。

(and)73. 随着收入的提高，人们开始追求更高品质的生活方式。

(pursue)74. 自从新的地铁建成以来，人们不再骑自行车上班了。

(Rarely)75. 大多数市民在网上高度赞扬这个主意，因为它不仅有助于传播信息，而且还提高了人们保护孩子的意识。

(speak)72. Take part in more volunteer activities, and it can make you a better person.73. With improving incomes, people have begun to pursue higher-quality lifestyles.74. Rarely have people ridden their bikes to work anymore since the new underground was built.75. Most citizens speak highly of the idea online (on the Internet), because it not only helps tospread information, but also raises people’s awareness of protecting children.静安72.听到学校篮球队赢球的消息，我们都很兴奋。

（excited）73.重要的是目前这个免费配送服务向全体顾客开放。

（available）74.尽管在发掘学生潜能方面我们做了很多努力，但仍留下许多领域亟待进一步的探索。