高考-状语从句讲解和练习题

定义——在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，状语从句由从属连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词而直接和主句连接起来。

类型——时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、目的、让步、方式、比较状语从句。

1.引导词when, while, as, as soon as, once, before, after, every time, each time, since, whenever, ever since, until ,till等。

2.whenever, each time, every time的用法。注：whenever=no matter when

every time / each time 每次，whenever 每当······时，表示习惯性、经常性的动作。

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.

Each time he came to town he would visit our school.

Eevery time I went to his house, he was out.

注：whenever=no matter when

whenever既可以引导时间从句也可引导名词性从句，no matter when只可以引导时间状语从句。

It does not matter whenever the party begins.

3.before的汉英表达

1）before的基本含义是“在·····以前”

The train had left before he got to the station.

注意：与before对应的是after引导的时间状语从句，表“在·····之后”。

2）强调从句动作发生的晚或慢，before可译成“（后）·····才”

句型：It was + 时间段+ before·····It will be + 时间段+ before·····

It seemed long time before my turn came.

It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

It will be five years before we meet again.

3)主句中谓语动词是否定形式，before可译成“就”、“便”、“快”

句型：It was not +时间段+ before ····

It won’t be + 时间段+ before ····（从句谓语动词用一般现在时）

It was not long before he got to know it.

It won’t be long before we get promotion.

4)强调在从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生，before可译成“还没有····就”

Before I could say a single word, he ran away.

4.when, while, as 的用法及区别

1）when表示“当····的时候”

从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用点动词，可表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动词既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。

I met Tom when I was walking along the street.

1)如果when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语又是be动词，从句主语和be可以省略。

When (you are) in trouble, ask me for help.

2）当when从句主语与主句主语相同时，用when加分词可以代替状语从句。

When ( I am) sleeping, I can never hear anything.

2.as 表示“当····时”、“一边····一边”、“随着”

1)表示“当····时”、“与····同时”，指从句的动作未结束，主句中的动作就已发生。从句中多用动态动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。

As he was eating his breakfast , he heard the door bell ringing.(强调同一时间)

2）用于平行的动作中，表示“一边····一边····”，常指一个主语同时进行两个动作。

The students took notes as they listened.

3)表示“随着····”，常指两种正在发展或变化的情况。

As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.

3.while表示“在····的时候”、“在····期间”

它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内。While 从句中必须是延续性动词。

I was reading the book while he was watching TV.

1)如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。

While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.

2)如果主句和从句主语相同，while加现在分词可代替状语从句。

While discussing the matter, they got very excited.

3)while有时还有对比的含义，意为“然而，却”。

While I was reading, he was playing.

注意：1.表示主句的动作发生在从句的较长动作过程中，用when,while, as。

He was fond of swimming when (while) he was yet a child.

As he was a child, he was fond of swimming.

2.从句中为be动词时，多用when 和while.

Don’t talk too much when (while) you are eacting.

3.谈论两个同时进行的长时间动作可用while。

While he is in the office, he is always serious.(严肃的)

4.谈论两个平行动作或两种状态变化多用as。

The students rose as the teacher entered the classroom.

5.till和untill的用法。

在肯定句中表示“直到····为止”，主句需用延续性动词。在否定句中表示“直到····才”，主句常用点动词。1）till一般不用于句首

Let’s wait till the rain stops. Don’t wake him till midnight.

2)until when疑问句中，untill要放在句首

——Until when are you staying here ?

——Until next Tuesday.

注意：当until引起的状语修饰动词肯定式时，动词常是延续性动词；反之，修饰动词否定式时，动词常是点动词。

3）否定句可用另外两种句式表示

Not until ····放在句首，主句用倒装。

Not until it was dark did he come back.

It is not until ···that ···强调句型。

It wasn’t until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.

6.since（自从）,ever since(自从)的用法

since表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

I have known her since I have lived here.

He has been ill ever since.他自那以后一直生病。

句型：It is / has been + 时间段+since····(一般过去时)

It is 10 years since he lived here.