西安外国语大学英语二外历年考研真题
2019年西安外国语大学英语语言文学各科真题回忆
[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年西安外国语大学英语语言文学各科真题回忆英美文学综合一、填空题15个吧可能是(20分，研究真题，会复现)Wallace的作品莎士比亚一个作品中的两个主角（忘了是啥了，但是应该之前考过）UtopiaChristopher MarloweTony Morrison BelovedTo a NightingaleInvisible Man Ralph Ellison二、名词解释（30分）Byronic HeroIceberg PrincipleTragicomedyflat and round character（还有一个我怎么也想不起来了，我只记得是很简单的一个，欢迎研友补充）三、简答5个（50分）今年简答题考的挺意外的，就压中了一个盖茨比= =1.Jane Austen的写作风格（特点）2.Adgar Allan Poe的贡献3.Joseph Conrad黑暗之心题目的象征4.Fitzigerald的《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比为什么伟大5.西方和中国在Hospitality方面的不同四、文学评论（50分）The Man And The Bridge(Hemingway)(1)summary(2)comment日语一、单词：根据假名写汉字，根据汉字写假名，此处单词的意思（全是初级很基础的单词）天花板住所刺身加班毕业音乐会便利店足球小说字典台球（这种类型的，这是仅有的我还能记起来的考到的单词）二、选择今年考了比较多的使役和被动感觉，具体的有点忘了。
三、阅读没啥好说的。
总体不难四、翻译汉译日日译汉各5个（初级课本课后题）想要去东京塔，请问怎么走？（忘记去哪里的了）机票有时便宜有时贵。
提前预订酒店比较好。
五、总结大意今年是一小篇讲手机发展历程的文章基础英语一、选择二、阅读今年选择和阅读都不难三、翻译汉译英是《三代》考动词翻译比较多我觉得英译汉我忘记是啥了，不难四、写作小作文是投诉信，好像是投诉社区环境不好希望政府想办法改善一下，具体的有点忘了。
西安外国语大学翻译硕士考试试题
西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题科目：翻译硕士英语（代码：211）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
2. 请一定使用黑色、蓝色钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔，铅笔答题无效。
3. 请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的姓名和准考证号码。
4. 请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答，在试卷上答题无效。
5. 本科目总分为100分，答题时间为3小时，请掌握好答题时间。
6. 考试结束后，请将试题和答题纸一并装入考试专用试题袋，并及时交回。
Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)1. Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.[A] obey [B] understand[C] improve with [D] agree with2. Stars are composed of intensely hot gases and derive their energy from nuclear reactions occurring in the interiors.[A]extremely [B]uniformly[C]explosively [D] continually3. From1775 to 1776 the Americans undertook an unsuccessful campaign against the British in Canada.[A] wage [B] headed[C] Paid for [D] attended to4. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.[A]fascinate [B]aggravated[C]offended [D]terrified5. Industrial self-sufficiency in the United States developed simultaneously with the mass production of textiles in New England.[A]smoothly [B]concurrently[C]effectively [D]spontaneously6. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.[A] occurred at the same time as [B] collided with[C] was necessitated by [D] was similar to7. Chicago’s O’ Hare International Airport accommodates forty-four million passengers per year.[A] amazes [B] lures[C] handles [D] counts8. Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.[A] outlandish [B] exclusive[C] exempted [D] remote9. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car asa form of travel.[A] designation [B] mechanization[C] disappearance [D] friskiness10. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.[A] haphazard [B] unpleasant[C] regional [D] periodic11.After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.[A] prematurely [B] economically[C] specifically [D] proudly12.Before social inequality can be alleviated, its principal causes must be diagnosed.[A] denounced [B] relieved[C] analyzed [D] controlled13. Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.[A] demanded [B] created[C] diagnosed [D] allowed14. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.[A] vigorous [B] popular[C] certain [D] careful15. Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects[A] unexpected [B] obvious[C] adverse [D] immediate16. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.[A] advocate [B] involve[C] elicit [D] exaggerate17. Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.[A] event [B] habit[C] trait [D] gift18. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.[A] rebuild [B] invade[C] dominate [D] tend19. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden pad.[A] carved [B] docked[C] driven forward [D] carried upright20. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining incidence of tooth decay.[A] treatment [B] consequences[C] occurrence [D] misfortuneSection BDirections: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Rephrase the underlined part so as to express most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your correction should be dear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%)21. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods and services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more widely than cash.22. Scholars recognized immediately that thelanguage experiments in Finnegan’s Wake are different than any other novel.23. When it rains outside, most parents prefer small children to play indoors.24. Required by law to register by the end of the year, the post office was crowded with legal aliens attempting to comply with the law before the deadline.25. In the past few years, significant changes have take place in the organization of our economy that will profoundly affect thecharacter of our labor unions as well as influencing consumer and industrial life.Task Two: Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]; write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%)Text1The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason, such as protecting ourselves from theelements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.Another function of early clothing-providing comfort and protection—probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today, we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors, most men still carry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food-gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes “clothing” and attire that is more aptly termed “costume”. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate others.Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear. A chieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with wealth, costume has come to be an expression of social class and material prosperity.A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not only to express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate.A soldier’s uniform says. “I am part of a powerful machine, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.” Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power—a police officer, for example—then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god.A successful clergy has always displayed impressive investments of one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religious leader’s dominant status.26. According to the passage, what aspect of humanity’s hunting-gathering past is reflected in the clothing of today?[A]People cover their bodies because of modesty.[B]Most men still carry objects on their person.[C] Women like clothes that are beautiful and practical.[D]Men wear pants, but women wear skirts or pants.27. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?[A] Clothing serves a physical purpose, while costume has a personal, social, or psychological function.[B] We like clothing to fit our body well,but different costumes fit differently depending on the purpose.[C] Both clothing and costume are types of attire, but it is often difficult to distinguish between them.[D] People spend more time in choosing special costumes than they do in selecting everyday clothing.28. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the author most likely believes whichof the following about costume?[A] We can learn about a society’s social structure by studying costume.[B] Costume used to serve a simple function, but now it is very complex.[C] The main purpose of costume is to force people to obey their leaders.[D] Costume is rarely a reliable indicator of a person’s material wealth.29. Why does the author discuss the police officer’s uniform in paragr aph 5?[A] To describe the aesthetic aspects of costume.[B] To identify the wearer with a hero.[C] To suggest that police are superhuman.[D] To show how costume conveys authority.30. All of the following are likely to be indicated by a person’s costume except[A] playing on a football team.[B] being a prisoner[C] having a heart condition.[D] leading a religious ceremony.Text2The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schoolsemphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffee or alehouses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of un um for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.31. The passage deals primarily with the[A] content of early textbooks on American history and government.[B] role of education in late 18th- and early to mid-19th-century America.[C] influence of New England Puritanism on early American values.[D] establishment of universal, free public education in America.32. According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as[A] a religious obligation. [B] a private matter[C] a matter of individual choice. [D] a political necessity.33. The author states that textbooks written in the middle part of the nineteenth century[A] departed radically in tone and style from earlier textbooks.[B] mentioned for the first time the value of liberty.[C] treated traditional civic virtues with even greater reverence.[D] were commissioned by government agencies.34. Which of the following would LEAST likely have been the subject of an early American textbook?[A] the American Revolution.[B] patriotism and other civic virtues[C] principles of American government.[D] vocational education35. The author implies that an early American Puritan would likely insist that[A] moral and religious values are the foundation of civic virtue.[B] textbooks should instruct students in political issues of vital concern to the community.[C] textbooks should give greater emphasis to the value of individual liberty than to the duties of patriotism.[D] private schools with a particular religious focus are preferable to public schools with no religious instruction.Section BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)The Greenhouse Effect and Global WarmingCarbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earth’s atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. These gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earth’s surface and its atmosphere would rise steadily. Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouse effect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major contributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the world’s forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane from human activities will enhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of green house gases is already causing the earth’s average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth’s average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5degrees F during the next century as heat-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.What are the potential impacts of an enhanced green house effect? According to estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practices would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperature and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation.Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar ice caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmland would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to the potential danger.Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papers that tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species—thus climatic zones—northward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit.36. According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?37. What can e inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?38. According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agriculture in North America?39. What evidence does the author give that climate zones have shifted northward?40. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by writing THREE sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.Scientists are concerned about the greenhouse effect and its role in global warming.Task Three: Composition WritingDirections: Read the following essay question carefully, formulate a title based on the question and write a 400-word composition on the Answer Sheet. (35%)“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the key to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience.西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题汉语写作与百科知识（代码：448）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
西安外国语大学英语研究生真题
西安外国语大学2002年硕士研究生入学考试试题（专业英语）Part A Basic EnglishSection one: VocabularyDirections: This section consists of (10) incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by (4) words or phrases. Select the word of phrase that best fits in with each context and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet (10%)1. She had clearly no of doing any work, although she was well paid.a. tendencyb. intentionc. ambitiond. preference2. The mother separated the quarrelling children and gave each of them a sharp .a. slapb. scratchc. pinchd. punch3. His decision to invest in the developing holiday resort was a one.a. shrewdb. slyc. craftyd. cunning4. He cited a Chinese proverb to the that you should never wish ill on your neighbor.a. extentb. notionc. effectd. point5. All the following verbs but may form a meaningful combination with the noun phrase a need in one’s life.a. fillb. servec. answerd. accord6. An honorary doctorate of law was on him by Newcastle University in 1976.a. grantedb. conferredc. extendedd. awarded7. The Academic Committee him of its willingness to help with his research program.a. assuredb. ensuredc. reassuredd. insured8. As winter the population is predicted to face severe food and fuel shortages.a. sets outb. sets inc. sets forth d sets down9. Each of the following noun phrases may constitute a logical collocation except .a. a burst of passionb. a fit of industryc. a gust of raged. a flash of meditation10 I have been away from home for many years, and it is not very easy for me to some of my old friends.a. keep track ofb. take sides withc. fall into line withd. take note of Section Two Grammatical StructureDirections: This section consists of ten incomplete sentences, each followed by four possible answers. Select the one that best completes each sentence and blacken your answer choice on the answer sheet.(10%)11. The management has now introduced a policy pay rises are related toperformance at work.a. whichb. wherec. whetherd. what12. Mary’s facial expression suggested that she disappointed with my decision.a. wasb. bec. should bed. must be13. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than eastern Nebraska.a. inb. doesc. it does ind. it receives in14. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless very young.a. trainedb. being trainedc. to be trainedd. having been trained15.you have no right_____to read what is written in the study report.a. indeedb.actuallyc.anyhowd.whatsoever16.a thorough check of the accounts has revealed_______a tax evader.a.him beingb.that he bec.him to bed.that he had been17. They regard it as one of the sights of london that must_____be missed.a.of no accountb.from all accountsc.on no accountd.by all accounts18. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ____by the police each time.a. had been capturedb.being always capturedc.unfortunately capturedd.only to be captured19.according to be law,___organizations or individuals that employ school-age children and youngsters shall be criticized and ordered to put______stop to such employment.a.the;/b./;ac.the;ad./;/20.deliberate aggression integral____some forms of competitive athletics increases the likelihood that imitative violence will erupt among crowds of young adult spectators.a.tob.intoc.ford.withsection three rhetoricDirections: in each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Beneath each sentence you will find four(4)ways of phrasing the underlined part. Select the answer that expresses most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your choice should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet(10%).21.more than five hundred years a go, Chinese scholars accurately described the flow of blood as a continuous circle controlled by the heart, but it was unnoticed ina.but it wentb.although it wasc.but the discovery wentd.although the discovery was22.for members of the 17th-century ashanti nation in africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.a.as a method protectingb. protectingc.as a protection ofd.to protect23.a labor department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.a.numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percentb.numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent24. Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the messenger were two young journalists, chandler owen and a. Philin Randolph who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.a. published in Harlem, two young journalists, chandler own and a Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, were the owner and editor of the messenger.b.published in Harlem, the messenger was owned and edited by two, young joumalists, a, Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and chandler owen.c.the messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.d.the owner and editor being two young journalists, Chandler Owen and a. Philip Randolph. Who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, the messenger was published in Harlem.25. What was as remarkable as the development of the compact disc has been the use of the new technology to revitalize some of the classic recorded performances of the pre-LP era.a. the thing that was as remarkable as developing the compact discb.no less remarkable than the development of the compact discc.developing the compact disc has been none the less remarkable thand.developwent of the compact disc has been no less remarkable as26.unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree to which their analytical skillsa.unlike computer skills or other technical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are disinclined to recognize that the analytical skills are weak.b.unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people to recognize that they are weak to a degree.c.many people, willing to admit that they lack computer skills or other technical skills, are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.d.many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analytical skills while willing to admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.27.some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earth-quake last year were constructed in violation of the city’s building code.a.some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake last year had beenb.some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last year have beenst year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that have beenst year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake had been28.while some academicians believe that business ethics should be included in every business course, others say that students will take ethics seriously only if it would be taught as a separately required course.a.only if it is taught as a separate, required courseb.if it is taught only as a course required separatelyc.if it was taught only as a separate and required coursed.if it would only be taught as a required course, separately29.scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper 20 centimeters of Baltic sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.a.baltic sea sediments, which the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findingsb.baltic sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activityc.sediments from the Baltic sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the aread.sediments from the Baltic sea, consistent with the growth of industrial activity there30.the current administration, being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness.a.worrying over some foreign trade barriers being removed, also over the failure of our exportsb.worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exportsc.in that they were worried sbout the removal of some foreign trade barriers and also about the failure of our exportsd.because od its worry concerning the removal of some foreign trade barriers, also concerning the failure of our exportssection four reading comprehensiondirections;this section consists of two (2) reading texts, each of them is followed by a number of questions or unfinished statements based on ias content. After you read each text, select the best answer to each question and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet(10%)Text a trouble in paradiseEaster Sunday was just another day in paradise for James and Mary Murphy-until the guys with the ak-47s and rocket launchers turned up. After a day of diving and lounging on the beach, the Murphys and the other tourists on Sipadan island off the east coast of Malaysia were having dinner when six armed men burst in and ordered them onto boats waiting offshore. The Murphys, from Rochester, New York, had come to the exclusive s250-a-night resort of Sipadan for its world-renowned corals, turtles, and sharks. Instead they found themselves confronted by men pointing gun’s at them and shouting orders. The men, it turned out, were muslin separatists from the Philippines’ shadowy Abu Sayyaf terrorist organization.With a tradition of taking foreign hostages-and killing civilians-the abu sayyaf are the most feared rebel group in the predominantly catholic Philippines the organization maintains links with international terrorist leaders, including Osama bin laden and Ramzi Yoursef, the man convicted of plotting the 1993 bombing of the world trade center in New York City.Although James Murphy initially didn’t know who the armed men were, he was worried. They showed little interest in the tourists valuables, he noted, but wanted them to board their boat. They had cut the phone lines to the island, so nobody could call for help. With the kidnappers shouting, “move it, goddamn, move it!” to theAmericans and 10 other foreign tourists, Murphy took a big chance. He told the armed men that his wife could not swim and was unable to make it to the. The pirates turned away long enough for the Murphys to run into the undergrowth of the tropical island, where they hid for the rest of the night.The other travelers were not so lucky, three Germans, two French, two south Africans, two Finns and a Lebanese were herded onto the waiting boats together with nine Malaysians and two Filipino workers from the resort. Under cover of darkness they were taken to Jolo Island in the southern Philippines, about an hour away by sea. For several days their fate was a mystery, until Philippine Defense Secretary Orlando Mercado finally confirmed what many had suspected all along; the hostages were being held by the local Abu Sayyaf leader on Jolo Island, Galib Andang, who goes by the alias commander robot, Andang was behind several previous assaults, including the 1998 kidnapping of three Hong Kong citizens in the Sulu islands. Efforts to negotiate the release of the latest hostages were continuing through the weekend with the appointment of former Muslim rebel leader Nur Misuari as manila’s negotiator, Misuari traveled to Jolo to open communications with the kidnappers, once head of the Moro national liberation front, an Islamic separatist group, Misuari went over to the government after peace talks in 1996. he still commands respect among Muslims in the southern Philippines. The kidnappers reportedly told Misuari they want money and restoration of fishing rights in exchange for the hostages. President Joseph Estrada told time, however, that he isn’t prepared to meet the demands. “no way, you cannot keep paying,” Estrada said,” that’s why we have so much kidnapping in the Philippines,” the president shows every sign of sticking to the hard line he has adopted since the start of the incident,” Abu in Tagalong means ash.” says Estrada and that is what we are going to turn them into.”Though they didn’t realize it at first, the tourists have been plunged into a complicated and brutal kidnap drama that reaches across the Sulu islands, an area long known for piracy, smuggling and general lawlessness a month earlier, Abu Sayyaf fighters had seized 50 people from schools on Basilan Island, some 80 kilometers northeast of Jolo their demand was bizarre: that manila must persuade American president Bill Clinton to release yourself, the world trade center boomer currently serving a 240-year sentence in the u.s. Estrada rejected the demand out of hand. In response, the rebels announced several days before Easter that they had beheaded two of their hostages. Estrada ordered his military. To go in hand on April 22, the government launched an air and ground assault on the Abu Sayyaf camp to free theremaining captives. A day later, the latest batch of hostages were grabbed in Sipadan, upping the stakes for manila once again.Abu Sayyaf, which in Arabic means “bearer of the sword”, was set up in 1991 by abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, a veteran of the anti-soviet war in Afghanistan. With some 600 fighters, abu Sayysf says it is struggling for an independent Muslim state in the southern Philippines. But most of its actions have amounted to little more than localized terrorism and kidnapping for ransom. The group is known to receive money and support from the Middle East, although claims that Osama bin laden visited the region in the early 1990s have never been confirmed. Abu sayyaf has a record of tossing explosives into buses and shopping centers, and in 1993 it killed seven worshipers by rolling grenades down the aisle of the catholic cathedral in Davao. In 1995 Abu Sayyaf fighters invaded the Christian village of Ipil on Mindanao Island, walking down the main street and shooting anything that moved. When they left, 53 people were dead. Over the years they have kidnapped Spanish nuns, Hong Kong fishery workers, a u.s. bible translator and a Taiwanese grandmother.As the hostage drama drags on, Estrada is feeling the pressure. “our priority is the safety of the hostages,” he told time.” but we’re going to finish them off this time.” The philippine military’s assault on the Abu Sayyaf base on Basilan has been going slowly, however, as troops cope with dense jungle land mines and an enemy that knows the terrain better. According to one officer, government soldiers do not dare to move at night for fear of being cut down by friendly fire.Abu sayyafs political objectives may seem unreal: 600 rebels are not going to overturn a country of 73 million people anytime soon, let alone convert the entire world to Islam. But this only makes dealing with them more hazardous. “How do you negotiate with guys like that?” asks one of Estrada’s top aides. “They’re crazy.” Solving that problem, however, could mean the difference between life and death for several dozen hostages.31.what does the title of the text suggest about the tourists?a.they had a blessing in disguise.b.their travel was doomed to failure.c.they attracted unwanted attention.d.their holiday was unexpectedly undermined.32.what function is the text primarily intended to achieve?a.entertaining.rmative.c.aesthetic.d.inspiring.33.which category of style does the text basically fall into?a.recount.b.exposition.c.description.d.argumentation.34.the tone of the whole text is___________a.apprehensive.b.pessimistic. c.understandingd.objective35.which of the following cannot be inferred from the text?A.abu sayyaf’s objectives are both political and economic.b.catholicism dominates in the minds of most filipinos.c.the government soldiers will give the rebels a surprise attack.d.the recent crisis is part of the rebls’anti-government scheme.Text b hurricaneHurricane Frederic was far from its peak of fury as l drove through the deserted streets of mobile, Alabama, for a last look. But already roaring winds loaded with rain tunneled between buildings. Traffic lights danced crazily on their wire strings, and then crashed into the streets. Signs, tree limbs, garbage cans, and sheet metal hurtled through the air. Windows popped glass sprayed like shrapnel.I retreated to my hotel at about 8:30 pm, when the center or eye of Frederic neared western mobile. Mobile eventually the city was enveloped in the most violent part of the storm. Wind spiraled in bands toward the eye, signaled by a banshee wail that split the night. Lightning flashed down the wall of the sky thunder shook the hotel. Once a frightening tornado rumbled past in the darkness, more than a few who heard these horrendous noises of a hurricane may have died of heart attacks.The wind strengthened steadily until, in the fiercest assault of the century on mobile bay, Frederic lashed the coast with sustained winds of 133 miles per hour, the maximum gusts of history’s great hurricanes have rarely been clocked, because most measuring instruments cannot stand before them. At the mouth of mobile bay wind gauges on Dauphin Island recorded gusts of 145 miles per hour before Frederic swept them away peak gusts rocked the hotel violently. The floor of my room swayed like the deck of a ship.Hurricanes and their western pacific and Indian ocean counterparts-typhoons and cyclones-may grow to be more than 500 miles in diameter, earth’s greatest storms. They are like enormous heat engines, which feed on the ocean’s warmth evaporated seawater condenses into rain changing thermal energy into wind power in awesome amounts. The heat energy released by one hurricane in a single day, if converted to electrical energy, would supply the entire United States with power for three years.As an experienced Florida reporter, l have had an intimate acquaintance with hurricanes, and l realized that air pressure inside the hotel was now greater than the low barometric pressure of the storm, putting explosive stresses on the building.L propped my door open, hoping to let air into the corridor, l can only assume that it helped, my window held while, all around, others cracked and shattered.The thudding strikes of wind came harder and more often as the night wore on gusts slammed through gaping windows and knocked the inner walls of some rooms out into the hallways. Sometime near midnight Frederic jolted the entire hotel, cutting off electric power and plunging the hotel into darkness.With other guests, l groped down emergency stairs to the lobby, water streamed from the cracked ceiling. Broken glass crunched under our feet. Hours later, l went out into a gray, gusty dawn to walk the streets of a brutally beaten city.Mobile was a shambies. Roofs were tom off, glass and even brick walls caved in church steeples toppled, and debris piled high, at Bellingrath gardens, a luxuriantly landscaped estate, tornadoes like artillery fire had toppled and uprooted oaks, pines and other trees, throughout mobile, giant live oaks that had stood for two centuries now lay blocking avenues and flattening houses.In only a few hours, hurricane Frederic had swept mobile back to an earlier era gone were air conditioning ice-boxes, television sets, telephones, and in many areas, drinking water gasoline could not be pumped newspaper presses were silent and only candles and lanterns dispelled nighttime darkness.36.why did the writer go back to his hotel at about 8:30?a.all the streets were deserted. B.he had seen enough to write a report.c.he was afraid of the tornado that rumbled past. D.it was too dangerous to stay outside37.during the hurricane, the wind at its strongest blew at______________a.about 133 miles per hourb.less than 133 miles per hourc.more than 145 miles per hourd.more than 500 miles per hour38.why did the writer open his hotel room?a.because the lights had gone out. B.so he could escape easily.c.because the room was airless. D.to prevent the windows from breaking.39.according to the text, what was the effect of the hurricane on the hotel?a.it caused it to jerk and moveb.it smashed it to piecesc.it blew all the windows outd.it took the roof off.40.when was the hurricane at its worst?a.at dawn, early next morning,b.around the middle of the nightc.eight-thirty at nightd.when the writer drove through the streetssection five cloze testdirections: fill in each of the numbered blanks in the following text with one word that is appropriate to context. Write down all your answers in the space provided on the answer sheet(10%)More on , there are other text papers on the club of this website, the papers were all typed by the typewriter.single-parent families and stepfamilies share similar frustrations. There is one big difference-one parent______shoulder it all. Single parents face many additional wrinkles in the family______such as increased economic pressures, reduced resources for child care-especially______a child is ill-the effects of a parent’s dating on the children, the remarriage of a formal spouse, the______of steporothers and stepsisters and not having someone to talk things over with. We______single parents to remember the following suggestions.Be the boss and a friend. In the absence of a partner, parent and child often______as friends. So the single-parent family ends up with no real hierarchy of power. This puts the parent in a bind______issues of discipline the solution seems to______in developing good communication skills and establishing clear guidelines about what is expected______the child this covers both____of the relationship: the roles of friendship and parent. The more clearly the child knows what is expected, the easier it is to talk about problems_____they come up.Ask for help. This is the first time in recorded history we are trying to____children alone. Asking is the____thing you will have to do, so if you can not do it for yourself, do it for your child. In my____l was going to change my daughter’s preschool for the third time in a year, and l didn’t want to put her____yet a other change. I finally got up the____to ask the school for help with fees, and even though the school had never done it before, they said ok! L was shocked. It____to ask. Now years later, l have given back a thousand fold. When you are on your feet again, you can give back and more.Be quick to consult single parents need feedback and information about current____in their children’s lives—age-appropriate behsvior, peer group choices and so on. Single motners may need to get perspectives____how to enforce chores, homework and financial assistance. Major corporations do not hesitate to____a professional for recommendations when faced with important decisions. Single parents must break down their walls of isolation and reach out to other when in doubt about parenting.。
2020年西安外国语大学英语语言文学考研备考攻略(含真题)
院校介绍西安外国语大学（Xi’an International Studies University）简称“西外大”、“西外”，位于世界历史名城古都西安，是新中国最早建立的四所外语院校之一，西北地区唯一一所主要外语语种齐全的高等学府，陕西省省属高水平大学、新丝绸之路大学联盟、长安联盟成员之一，中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校[1] ，博士学位授予单位。
是一所以外语教育和人文学科为主体，社会学科、管理学科和理学学科协调发展的多学科外国语大学，国家重要的外语人才培养基地。
专业介绍学院：英文学院招生专业：英语语言文学研究方向：01(全日制)英国文学02(全日制)美国文学03(全日制)文艺理论与批评04(全日制)中英(美)文学比较05(全日制)英语国家研究06 (全日制)美国政治与外交研究07(全日制)跨文化交际考试科目：①101思想政治理论（全国统考）②242俄语二外或 243法语二外或 244德语二外或 245日语二外或 247西班牙语二外③611英语专业基础④811英美文学综合参考书目：611英语专业基础内容范围：包括基础英语、英汉互译、英语写作三部分811 英美文学综合（指定）811英美文学综合内容范围：包括英美文学和跨文化交际两部分《英国文学史及选读》外语教学与研究出版社 2013 吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》外语教学与研究出版社 2013 吴伟仁《美国文学简史》（第三版）南开大学出版社 2016 常耀信Communication Between Cultures （《跨文化交际》）外语教学与研究出版社汤普森学习出版社 2004 Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E., & Stefani,L.A历年复试分数线2019年西安外国语大学英语语言文学：360（录取50人）2018年西安外国语大学英语语言文学：348（录取47人）2017年西安外国语大学英语语言文学：348（53/80）录取45人2016年西安外国语大学英语语言文学：350/53(80)2019年西安外国语大学英语语言文学各科真题回忆英美文学综合一、填空题 15个吧可能是 (20分，全是历年真题中的原题)Wallace的作品莎士比亚一个作品中的两个主角（忘了是啥了，但是应该之前考过）UtopiaChristopher MarloweTony Morrison BelovedTo a NightingaleInvisible Man Ralph Ellison二、名词解释（30分）Byronic HeroIceberg PrincipleTragicomedyflat and round character（还有一个我怎么也想不起来了，我只记得是很简单的一个，欢迎研友补充）三、简答5个（50分）今年简答题考的挺意外的，就压中了一个盖茨比= =1.Jane Austen的写作风格（特点）2.Adgar Allan Poe的贡献3.Joseph Conrad黑暗之心题目的象征4. Fitzgerald的《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比为什么伟大5.西方和中国在Hospitality方面的不同四、文学评论（50分）The Old Man And The Bridge(Hemingway)(1)summary(2)comment基础英语一、选择(5道选词题(专八，gre单词)二、阅读(4篇阅读理解，把握好时间）今年选择和阅读都不难三、翻译汉译英是《三代》考动词翻译比较多我觉得英译汉我忘记是啥了，不难四、写作小作文是投诉信，好像是投诉社区环境不好希望政府想办法改善一下，大作文是Taday, high sales of popular consumer goods reflects the power of advertising, not reflects the real need of people.写一篇不少于400字的essay（广告推销的各种产品真的是社会所需要的吗？）。
(NEW)西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
![(NEW)西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/82af719bda38376bae1fae22.png)
目 录2010年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20 %)1．The invention of the thermometer is attributed to Galileo.A. chargedB. givenC. toldD. credited【答案】D【解析】句意：温度计的发明归功于伽利略。
be credited to把……归功于。
2．When an aircraft travels at subsonic speeds, the sounds that it generates extend in all directions.A. createsB. manufacturesC. powersD. spawns【答案】A【解析】句意：当一架飞机以亚音速飞行时，它发出的声音会传向各个方向。
西安外国语大学英语专业考研02真题基础英语
西安外国语大学英语专业考研真题基础英语西安外国语大学2002年硕士研究生入学考试试题（专业英语）Part A Basic EnglishSection one: VocabularyDirections: This section consists of (10) incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by (4) words or phrases. Select the word of phrase that best fits in with each context and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet (10%)1. She had clearly no of doing any work, although she was well paid.a. tendencyb. intentionc. ambitiond. preference2. The mother separated the quarrelling children and gave each of them a sharp .a. slapb. scratchc. pinchd. punch3. His decision to invest in the developing holiday resort was a one.a. shrewdb. slyc. craftyd. cunning4. He cited a Chinese proverb to the that you should never wish ill on your neighbor.a. extentb. notionc. effectd. point5. All the following verbs but may form a meaningful combination with the noun phrase a need in one’s life.a. fillb. servec. answerd. accord6. An honorary doctorate of law was on him by Newcastle University in 1976.a. grantedb. conferredc. extendedd. awarded7. The Academic Committee him of its willingness to help with his research program.a. assuredb. ensuredc. reassuredd. insured8. As winter the population is predicted to face severe food and fuel shortages.a. sets outb. sets inc. sets forth d sets down9. Each of the following noun phrases may constitute a logical collocation except .a. a burst of passionb. a fit of industryc. a gust of raged. a flash of meditation10 I have been away from home for many years, and it is not very easy for me to some of my old friends.a. keep track ofb. take sides withc. fall into line withd. take note of Section Two Grammatical StructureDirections: This section consists of ten incomplete sentences, each followed by four possible answers. Select the one that best completes each sentence and blacken youranswer choice on the answer sheet.(10%)11. The management has now introduced a policy pay rises are related to performance at work.a. whichb. wherec. whetherd. what12. Mary’s facial expression suggested that she disappointed with my decision.a. wasb. bec. should bed. must be13. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than eastern Nebraska.a. inb. doesc. it does ind. it receives in14. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless very young.a. trainedb. being trainedc. to be trainedd. having been trained15.you have no right_____to read what is written in the study report.a. indeedb.actuallyc.anyhowd.whatsoever16.a thorough check of the accounts has revealed_______a tax evader.a.him beingb.that he bec.him to bed.that he had been17. They regard it as one of the sights of london that must_____be missed.a.of no accountb.from all accountsc.on no accountd.by all accounts18. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ____by the police each time.a. had been capturedb.being always capturedc.unfortunately capturedd.only to be captured19.according to be law,___organizations or individuals that employ school-age children and youngsters shall be criticized and ordered to put______stop to such employment.a.the;/b./;ac.the;ad./;/20.deliberate aggression integral____some forms of competitive athletics increases the likelihood that imitative violence will erupt among crowds of young adult spectators.a.tob.intoc.ford.withsection three rhetoricDirections: in each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Beneath each sentence you will find four(4)ways of phrasing the underlined part. Select the answer that expresses most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your choice should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet(10%).21.more than five hundred years a go, Chinese scholars accurately described the flow of blood as a continuous circle controlled by the heart, but it was unnoticed in the west.a.but it wentb.although it wasc.but the discovery wentd.although the discovery was22.for members of the 17th-century ashanti nation in africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.a.as a method protectingb. protectingc.as a protection ofd.to protect23.a labor department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.a.numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percentb.numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent24. Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the messenger were two young journalists, chandler owen and a. Philin Randolph who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.a. published in Harlem, two young journalists, chandler own and a Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, were the owner and editor of the messenger.b.published in Harlem, the messenger was owned and edited by two, young joumalists, a, Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and chandler owen.c.the messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.d.the owner and editor being two young journalists, Chandler Owen and a. Philip Randolph. Who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, the messenger was published in Harlem.25. What was as remarkable as the development of the compact disc has been the use of the new technology to revitalize some of the classic recorded performances of the pre-LP era.a. the thing that was as remarkable as developing the compact discb.no less remarkable than the development of the compact discc.developing the compact disc has been none the less remarkable thand.developwent of the compact disc has been no less remarkable as26.unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weaka.unlike computer skills or other technical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are disinclined to recognize that the analytical skills are weak.b.unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people to recognize that they are weak to a degree.c.many people, willing to admit that they lack computer skills or other technical skills, are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.d.many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analytical skills while willing to admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.27.some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earth-quake last year were constructed in violation of the city’s building code.a.some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake last year had beenb.some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last year have beenst year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that have beenst year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake had been28.while some academicians believe that business ethics should be included in every business course, others say that students will take ethics seriously only if it would be taught as a separately required course.a.only if it is taught as a separate, required courseb.if it is taught only as a course required separatelyc.if it was taught only as a separate and required coursed.if it would only be taught as a required course, separately29.scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper 20 centimeters of Baltic sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.a.baltic sea sediments, which the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findingsb.baltic sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activityc.sediments from the Baltic sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the aread.sediments from the Baltic sea, consistent with the growth of industrial activity there30.the current administration, being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness.a.worrying over some foreign trade barriers being removed, also over the failure of our exportsb.worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exportsc.in that they were worried sbout the removal of some foreign trade barriers and also about the failure of our exportsd.because od its worry concerning the removal of some foreign trade barriers, also concerning the failure of our exportssection four reading comprehensiondirections;this section consists of two (2) reading texts, each of them is followed by a number of questions or unfinished statements based on ias content. After you read each text, select the best answer to each question and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet(10%)Text a trouble in paradiseEaster Sunday was just another day in paradise for James and Mary Murphy-until the guys with the ak-47s and rocket launchers turned up. After a day of diving and lounging on the beach, the Murphys and the other tourists on Sipadan island off the east coast of Malaysia were having dinner when six armed men burst in and ordered them onto boats waiting offshore. The Murphys, from Rochester, New York, had come to the exclusive s250-a-night resort of Sipadan for its world-renowned corals, turtles, and sharks. Instead they found themselves confronted by men pointing gun’s at them and shouting orders. The men, it turned out, were muslin separatists from the Philippines’ shadowy Abu Sayyaf terrorist organization.With a tradition of taking foreign hostages-and killing civilians-the abu sayyaf are the most feared rebel group in the predominantly catholic Philippines the organization maintains links with international terrorist leaders, including Osama bin laden and Ramzi Yoursef, the man convicted of plotting the 1993 bombing of the world trade center in New York City.Although James Murphy initially didn’t know who the armed men were, he was worried. They showed little interest in the tourists valuables, he noted, but wantedthem to board their boat. They had cut the phone lines to the island, so nobody could call for help. With the kidnappers shouting, “move it, goddamn, move it!” to the Americans and 10 other foreign tourists, Murphy took a big chance. He told the armed men that his wife could not swim and was unable to make it to the. The pirates turned away long enough for the Murphys to run into the undergrowth of the tropical island, where they hid for the rest of the night.The other travelers were not so lucky, three Germans, two French, two south Africans, two Finns and a Lebanese were herded onto the waiting boats together with nine Malaysians and two Filipino workers from the resort. Under cover of darkness they were taken to Jolo Island in the southern Philippines, about an hour away by sea. For several days their fate was a mystery, until Philippine Defense Secretary Orlando Mercado finally confirmed what many had suspected all along; the hostages were being held by the local Abu Sayyaf leader on Jolo Island, Galib Andang, who goes by the alias commander robot, Andang was behind several previous assaults, including the 1998 kidnapping of three Hong Kong citizens in the Sulu islands. Efforts to negotiate the release of the latest hostages were continuing through the weekend with the appointment of former Muslim rebel leader Nur Misuari as manila’s negotiator, Misuari traveled to Jolo to open communications with the kidnappers, once head of the Moro national liberation front, an Islamic separatist group, Misuari went over to the government after peace talks in 1996. he still commands respect among Muslims in the southern Philippines. The kidnappers reportedly told Misuari they want money and restoration of fishing rights in exchange for the hostages. President Joseph Estrada told time, however, that he isn’t prepared to meet the demands. “no way, you cannot keep paying,” Estrada said,” that’s why we have so much kidnapping in the Philippines,” the president shows every sign of sticking to the hard line he has adopted since the start of the incident,” Abu in Tagalong means ash.” says Estrada and that is what we are going to turn them into.”Though they didn’t realize it at first, the tourists have been plunged into a complicated and brutal kidnap drama that reaches across the Sulu islands, an area long known for piracy, smuggling and general lawlessness a month earlier, Abu Sayyaf fighters had seized 50 people from schools on Basilan Island, some 80 kilometers northeast of Jolo their demand was bizarre: that manila must persuade American president Bill Clinton to release yourself, the world trade center boomer currently serving a 240-year sentence in the u.s. Estrada rejected the demand out of hand. In response, the rebels announced several days before Easter that they had beheadedtwo of their hostages. Estrada ordered his military. To go in hand on April 22, the government launched an air and ground assault on the Abu Sayyaf camp to free the remaining captives. A day later, the latest batch of hostages were grabbed in Sipadan, upping the stakes for manila once again.Abu Sayyaf, which in Arabic means “bearer of the sword”, was set up in 1991 by abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, a veteran of the anti-soviet war in Afghanistan. With some 600 fighters, abu Sayysf says it is struggling for an independent Muslim state in the southern Philippines. But most of its actions have amounted to little more than localized terrorism and kidnapping for ransom. The group is known to receive money and support from the Middle East, although claims that Osama bin laden visited the region in the early 1990s have never been confirmed. Abu sayyaf has a record of tossing explosives into buses and shopping centers, and in 1993 it killed seven worshipers by rolling grenades down the aisle of the catholic cathedral in Davao. In 1995 Abu Sayyaf fighters invaded the Christian village of Ipil on Mindanao Island, walking down the main street and shooting anything that moved. When they left, 53 people were dead. Over the years they have kidnapped Spanish nuns, Hong Kong fishery workers, a u.s. bible translator and a Taiwanese grandmother.As the hostage drama drags on, Estrada is feeling the pressure. “our priority is the safety of the hostages,” he told time.” but we’re going to finish them off this time.” The philippine military’s assault on the Abu Sayyaf base on Basilan has been going slowly, however, as troops cope with dense jungle land mines and an enemy that knows the terrain better. According to one officer, government soldiers do not dare to move at night for fear of being cut down by friendly fire.Abu sayyafs political objectives may seem unreal: 600 rebels are not going to overturn a country of 73 million people anytime soon, let alone convert the entire world to Islam. But this only makes dea ling with them more hazardous. “How do you negotiate with guys like that?” asks one of Estrada’s top aides. “They’re crazy.” Solving that problem, however, could mean the difference between life and death for several dozen hostages.31.what does the title of the text suggest about the tourists?a.they had a blessing in disguise.b.their travel was doomed to failure.c.they attracted unwanted attention.d.their holiday was unexpectedly undermined.32.what function is the text primarily intended to achieve?a.entertaining.rmative.c.aesthetic.d.inspiring.33.which category of style does the text basically fall into?a.recount.b.exposition.c.description.d.argumentation.34.the tone of the whole text is___________a.apprehensive.b.pessimistic. c.understandingd.objective35.which of the following cannot be inferred from the text?A.abu sayyaf’s objectives are both political and economic.b.catholicism dominates in the minds of most filipinos.c.the government soldiers will give the rebels a surprise attack.d.the recent crisis is part of the rebls’anti-government scheme.Text b hurricaneHurricane Frederic was far from its peak of fury as l drove through the deserted streets of mobile, Alabama, for a last look. But already roaring winds loaded with rain tunneled between buildings. Traffic lights danced crazily on their wire strings, and then crashed into the streets. Signs, tree limbs, garbage cans, and sheet metal hurtled through the air. Windows popped glass sprayed like shrapnel.I retreated to my hotel at about 8:30 pm, when the center or eye of Frederic neared western mobile. Mobile eventually the city was enveloped in the most violent part of the storm. Wind spiraled in bands toward the eye, signaled by a banshee wail that split the night. Lightning flashed down the wall of the sky thunder shook the hotel. Once a frightening tornado rumbled past in the darkness, more than a few who heard these horrendous noises of a hurricane may have died of heart attacks.The wind strengthened steadily until, in the fiercest assault of the century on mobile bay, Frederic lashed the coast with sustained winds of 133 miles per hour, the maximum gusts of history’s great hurricanes have rarely been clocked, because most measuring instruments cannot stand before them. At the mouth of mobile bay wind gauges on Dauphin Island recorded gusts of 145 miles per hour before Frederic swept them away peak gusts rocked the hotel violently. The floor of my room swayed like the deck of a ship.Hurricanes and their western pacific and Indian ocean counterparts-typhoons and cyclones-may grow to be more than 500 miles in diameter, earth’s greatest storms. They are like enormous heat engines, which feed on the ocean’s warmth evaporated seawater condenses into rain changing thermal energy into wind power in awesome amounts. The heat energy released by one hurricane in a single day, if converted to electrical energy, would supply the entire United States with power for three years.As an experienced Florida reporter, l have had an intimate acquaintance withhurricanes, and l realized that air pressure inside the hotel was now greater than the low barometric pressure of the storm, putting explosive stresses on the building. L propped my door open, hoping to let air into the corridor, l can only assume that it helped, my window held while, all around, others cracked and shattered.The thudding strikes of wind came harder and more often as the night wore on gusts slammed through gaping windows and knocked the inner walls of some rooms out into the hallways. Sometime near midnight Frederic jolted the entire hotel, cutting off electric power and plunging the hotel into darkness.With other guests, l groped down emergency stairs to the lobby, water streamed from the cracked ceiling. Broken glass crunched under our feet. Hours later, l went out into a gray, gusty dawn to walk the streets of a brutally beaten city.Mobile was a shambies. Roofs were tom off, glass and even brick walls caved in church steeples toppled, and debris piled high, at Bellingrath gardens, a luxuriantly landscaped estate, tornadoes like artillery fire had toppled and uprooted oaks, pines and other trees, throughout mobile, giant live oaks that had stood for two centuries now lay blocking avenues and flattening houses.In only a few hours, hurricane Frederic had swept mobile back to an earlier era gone were air conditioning ice-boxes, television sets, telephones, and in many areas, drinking water gasoline could not be pumped newspaper presses were silent and only candles and lanterns dispelled nighttime darkness.36.why did the writer go back to his hotel at about 8:30?a.all the streets were deserted. B.he had seen enough to write a report.c.he was afraid of the tornado that rumbled past. D.it was too dangerous to stay outside37.during the hurricane, the wind at its strongest blew at______________a.about 133 miles per hourb.less than 133 miles per hourc.more than 145 miles per hourd.more than 500 miles per hour38.why did the writer open his hotel room?a.because the lights had gone out. B.so he could escape easily.c.because the room was airless. D.to prevent the windows from breaking.39.according to the text, what was the effect of the hurricane on the hotel?a.it caused it to jerk and moveb.it smashed it to piecesc.it blew all the windows outd.it took the roof off.40.when was the hurricane at its worst?a.at dawn, early next morning,b.around the middle of the nightc.eight-thirty at nightd.when the writer drove through the streetssection five cloze testdirections: fill in each of the numbered blanks in the following text with one word that is appropriate to context. Write down all your answers in the space provided on the answer sheet(10%)More on , there are other text papers on the club of this website, the papers were all typed by the typewriter.single-parent families and stepfamilies share similar frustrations. There is one big difference-one parent______shoulder it all. Single parents face many additional wrinkles in the family______such as increased economic pressures, reduced resources for child care-especially______a child is ill-the effects of a parent’s dating on the children, the remarriage of a formal spouse, the______of steporothers and stepsisters and not having someone to talk things over with. We______single parents to remember the following suggestions.Be the boss and a friend. In the absence of a partner, parent and child often______as friends. So the single-parent family ends up with no real hierarchy of power. This puts the parent in a bind______issues of discipline the solution seems to______in developing good communication skills and establishing clear guidelines about what is expected______the child this covers both____of the relationship: the roles of friendship and parent. The more clearly the child knows what is expected, the easier it is to talk about problems_____they come up.Ask for help. This is the first time in recorded history we are trying to____children alone. Asking is the____thing you will have to do, so if you can not do it for yourself, do it for your child. In my____l was going to change my daughter’s preschool for the third time in a year, and l didn’t want to put her____yet a other change. I finally got up the____to ask the school for help with fees, and even though the school had never done it before, they said ok! L was shocked. It____to ask. Now years later, l have given back a thousand fold. When you are on your feet again, you can give back and more.Be quick to consult single parents need feedback and information about current____in their children’s lives—age-appropriate behsvior, peer group choices and so on. Single motners may need to get perspectives____how to enforce chores, homework and financial assistance. Major corporations do not hesitate to____a professional for recommendations when faced with important decisions. Single parents must break down their walls of isolation and reach out to other when in doubt about parenting.。
西安外国语学院基础英语考研真题及详解(2009)【圣才出品】
西安外国语学院基础英语考研真题及详解（2009）西安外国语大学2009年基础英语考研真题PART ONEⅠ.Grammatical Structure(20points)Directions:There are20sentences in this plete each of the sentences by selecting the best one from A.B.C.and D provided.Indicate your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.Environmental groups want more passenger and freight traffic______off the roads and onto trains.A.movedB.moveC.movingD.be moving【答案】A【解析】句意：环保团体想要更多的行人和货物不走公路，而是通过铁路运输。
句中passenger and freight traffic和move是被动的关系，因此选A。
2.If you attend______college outside______state in which you reside,you must pay out-of-state fees.A.×;theB.the;theC.a;aD.×;a【答案】A【解析】句意：如果你在你所居住的州外上大学，就必须要交纳州外费用。
在这里college 统称大学这个概念，前面不加冠词，而state指的是你居住的那个州，后面有定语从句修饰，所以前面用定冠词the表示特指。
3.Even though the two sisters seemed to care deeply for each other,they cannot be together long______they began to wrangle.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when【答案】B【解析】句意：虽然这两姐妹相互关心，可是她们在一起的时候过不了多久就会吵架。
西安外国语学院06外国语言学综合真题
欲索取更多考研资料，请上北京天问教育网站官网！西安外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目名称：外国语言学综合（英语语言学433+翻译理论与实践434）（请考生将所有答案写在答题纸上，并标清题号）PART ONEDirections: Select from the lettered choices the one which best completes the statement. (选择题，每题1分，共20分)1. By _____ we mean language is resourceful because of its duality andrecursiveness.a. arbitrarinessb. dualityc. creativityd. displacement2. The most important sociological use of language is the ______ function, by whichpeople establish and maintain their status in a society.a. performativeb. interpersonalc. phaticd. metalingual3. ____ refers to the system of a language, i.e. the arrangement of sounds and wordswhich speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of.a. Langueb. Competencec. Communicative competenced. Linguistic potential4. _____ deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced.a. Acoustic phoneticsb. Articulatory phoneticsc. Segmental phonologyd. Suprasegmental phonology5. The vowel ____ is a low back vowel.a. /i:/b. /u/c. /ae/d. /a:/6. ____ refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, ornumber.a. Affixationb. Inflectionc. Derivationd. Conjugation7. Words like brunch, guesstimate are examples of _____.a. acronymsb. contractionsc. blendsd. cohyponyms8. Language has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguisticaspects except that of ______.a. phonologyb. lexiconc. syntaxd. semantics9. _____ refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units becausethey may occur together in a sentence.a. Syntagmatic relationsb. Hypotactic relationsc. paradigmatic relationsd. Paratactic relations10. For structuralists, ______ is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent tothat of one or more of its constituents.a. coordinate constructionb. subordinate constructionc. endocentric constructiond. exocentric construction11. The sentence “I dislike such people” can be considered to be ___.a. markedb. unmarkedc. topic prominentd. content prominent12. Transformational component is one of the components in all the Chomskianmodels of language except the ____ model.a. 1965b. 1972c. 1979d. 199513. According to C. Ogden and I. Richards, ____ is regarded as the crucialintermediary between ______ and ______.a. symbol … referent … thoughtb. referent … thought … symbolc. thought … symbol … referent14. By componential analysis, BECOME (x, (~ALIVE(x))) is an explanation of______.a. dieb.deadc. killd. killed15. ____ is using a sentence to perform a function.a. A perlocutionary actb. An illocutionary actc. A locutionary actd. Speech act16. According to the conversational maxim of ____ suggested by Grice, one shouldspeak truthfully.a. quantityb. qualityc. relevanced. manner17. ____ is a figurative use of language which implies a comparison between twounlike elements.a. Simileb. Metaphorc. Metonymyd. Synecdoche18. The ____ is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms ofspeech acts together with the language items needed for them.a. structural syllabusb. situational syllabusc. notional syllabusd. functional syllabus19. ____ measure how much of a language someone has learned with reference to aparticular program of instruction.a. Aptitude testsb. Achievement testsc. Placement testsd. Proficiency tests20 According to _______ theory, grammar refers to the initial state of the humanlanguage faculty.a. Saussure’sb. Bloomfield’sc. Chomsky’sd. Halliday’sPART TWODirections: Define the following terms. (术语解释，每题6分，共30分)1.Metalanguage2.Textual function3.Schemata4.Foregrounding5.CALLPART THREEDirections: Answer four of the following questions. (选择4个题回答，每题15分，共60分)1.What are suprasegmental features?2.What is meant by Move a in Universal Grammar?3.What are the major types of synonyms?4.What is register as used in Functional Grammar?5.What do you think of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?6.What is meant by the Critical Period Hypothesis?Directions: Comment on any two of the following topics. (选择2个题论述，每题20分，共40分)1.Definitions of language.2.The relationship between language and culture.3.The role of native language in second language learning.Answer each of the following questions briefly. (60 points)1.What are the principles of translation proposed by Alexander F. Tytler?2.What does the unit of translation refer to? How is it relevant to translation practice?3.How do you understand literal translation and free translation?e two examples to show the syntactic (structural) differences between Chinese andEnglish.5.“Kill two birds with one stone”is generally translated into “一石二鸟”, “一箭双雕”or“一举两得”. What is the basic line of thought underlying each translation?6.What methods are often used to deal with English pronouns in the process ofEnglish-Chinese translation?7.What are the conditions that may affect the selection of active and passive forms inChinese-English translation?8.Based on the following SL sentence, make critical comments on the Chinese version interms of semantic relations.SL: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.TL: 有一个举世公认的道理，即一个有钱的单身汉总想娶位太太。
西安外国语大学翻译硕士考试试题
西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题科目：翻译硕士英语（代码：211）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
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Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability tointerpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)1. Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.[A] obey [B] understand[C] improve with [D] agree with2. Stars are composed of intensely hot gases and derive their energy from nuclear reactions occurring in the interiors.[A]extremely [B]uniformly[C]explosively [D] continually3. From1775 to 1776 the Americans undertook an unsuccessful campaign against the British in Canada.[A] wage [B] headed[C] Paid for [D] attended to4. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.[A]fascinate [B]aggravated[C]offended [D]terrified5. Industrial self-sufficiency in the United States developed simultaneously with the mass production of textiles in New England.[A]smoothly [B]concurrently[C]effectively [D]spontaneously6. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with thefirst issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.[A] occurred at the same time as [B] collided with[C] was necessitated by [D] was similar to7. Chicago’s O’ Hare International Airport accommodates forty-four million passengers per year.[A] amazes [B] lures[C] handles [D] counts8. Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.[A] outlandish [B] exclusive[C] exempted [D] remote9. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car as a form of travel.[A] designation [B] mechanization[C] disappearance [D] friskiness10. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.[A] haphazard [B] unpleasant[C] regional [D] periodic11.After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.[A] prematurely [B] economically[C] specifically [D] proudly12.Before social inequality can be alleviated, its principal causes must be diagnosed.[A] denounced [B] relieved[C] analyzed [D] controlled13. Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.[A] demanded [B] created[C] diagnosed [D] allowed14. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.[A] vigorous [B] popular[C] certain [D] careful15. Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects[A] unexpected [B] obvious[C] adverse [D] immediate16. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.[A] advocate [B] involve[C] elicit [D] exaggerate17. Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.[A] event [B] habit[C] trait [D] gift18. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.[A] rebuild [B] invade[C] dominate [D] tend19. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden pad.[A] carved [B] docked[C] driven forward [D] carried upright20. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining incidence of tooth decay.[A] treatment [B] consequences[C] occurrence [D] misfortuneSection BDirections: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Rephrase the underlined part so as to express most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your correction should be dear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%)21. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods and services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more widely than cash.22. Scholars recognized immediately that thelanguage experiments in Finnegan’s Wake are different than any other novel.23. When it rains outside, most parents prefer small children to play indoors.24. Required by law to register by the end of the year, the post office was crowded with legal aliens attempting to comply with the law before the deadline.25. In the past few years, significant changes have take place in the organization of our economy that will profoundly affect thecharacter of our labor unions as well as influencing consumer and industrial life.Task Two: Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]; write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%)Text1The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason, such as protecting ourselves fromthe elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that thefunction of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearingsimple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.Another function of early clothing-providing comfort and protection—probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today, we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors, most men stillcarry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food-gatherers. But these twofunctions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes “clothing” and attire that is more aptly termed “costume”. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wishto be distinguished from or to emulate others.Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear.A chieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power,while a warrior’s costume enhanced h is physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with wealth, costume has come to be an expression of social class andmaterial prosperity.A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not onlyto express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate. A soldier’s uniform says. “I am part of a powerful machine, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.” Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power—a police officer, for example—then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god. A successful clergy has always displayed impressive investmentsof one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religiousleader’s dominant status.26. According to the passage, what aspect of humanity’s hunting-gathering past is reflected in the clothing of today?[A]People cover their bodies because of modesty.[B]Most men still carry objects on their person.[C] Women like clothes that are beautiful and practical.[D]Men wear pants, but women wear skirts or pants.27. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?[A] Clothing serves a physical purpose, while costume has a personal, social,or psychological function.[B] We like clothing to fit our body well,but different costumes fitdifferently depending on the purpose.[C] Both clothing and costume are types of attire, but it is often difficult to distinguish between them.[D] People spend more time in choosing special costumes than they do inselecting everyday clothing.28. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the author most likely believes whichof the following about costume?[A] We can learn about a society’s social structure by studying costume.[B] Costume used to serve a simple function, but now it is very complex.[C] The main purpose of costume is to force people to obey their leaders.[D] Costume is rarely a reliable indicator of a person’s material wealth.29. Why does the author discuss the police offic er’s uniform in paragraph 5?[A] To describe the aesthetic aspects of costume.[B] To identify the wearer with a hero.[C] To suggest that police are superhuman.[D] To show how costume conveys authority.30. All of the following are likely to be indicated by a person’s costume except[A] playing on a football team.[B] being a prisoner[C] having a heart condition.[D] leading a religious ceremony.Text2The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civiceducation, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in Americanhistory and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schools emphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffeeor alehouses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of un um for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else,the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.31. The passage deals primarily with the[A] content of early textbooks on American history and government.[B] role of education in late 18th- and early to mid-19th-century America.[C] influence of New England Puritanism on early American values.[D] establishment of universal, free public education in America.32. According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as[A] a religious obligation. [B] a private matter[C] a matter of individual choice. [D] a political necessity.33. The author states that textbooks written in the middle part of the nineteenth century[A] departed radically in tone and style from earlier textbooks.[B] mentioned for the first time the value of liberty.[C] treated traditional civic virtues with even greater reverence.[D] were commissioned by government agencies.34. Which of the following would LEAST likely have been the subject of an early American textbook?[A] the American Revolution.[B] patriotism and other civic virtues[C] principles of American government.[D] vocational education35. The author implies that an early American Puritan would likely insist that[A] moral and religious values are the foundation of civic virtue.[B] textbooks should instruct students in political issues of vital concern to the community.[C] textbooks should give greater emphasis to the value of individual liberty than to the duties of patriotism.[D] private schools with a particular religious focus are preferable to public schools with no religious instruction.Section BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)The Greenhouse Effect and Global WarmingCarbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earth’s atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. These gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earth’s surface and its atmosphere would rise steadily.Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouseeffect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major contributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the world’s forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane from human activities will e nhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of green house gases is already causing the earth’s average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth’s average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5degrees F during the next century as heat-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.What are the potential impacts of an enhanced green house effect? According to estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practices would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperature and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation. Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar ice caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmland would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to the potential danger.Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papersthat tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species—thus climatic zones—northward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climatechange, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit.36. According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?37. What can e inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?38. According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agriculture in North America?39. What evidence does the author give that climate zones have shifted northward?40. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by writing THREE sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.Scientists are concerned about the greenhouse effect andits role in global warming.Task Three: Composition WritingDirections: Read the following essay question carefully, formulate a title based on the question and write a 400-word composition on the Answer Sheet. (35%)“Education has become the mai n provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the key to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience.西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题汉语写作与百科知识（代码：448）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
西外考研基础英语
西外考研06年基础英语西安外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语科目代码：311PART ONEI. Vocabulary (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Select the one that best fitsin with each context and draw a bar across the correspondentletter on the Answer Sheet.1. In view of the petrol shortage, _________ will be placed on the unnecessaryuse of private cars for pleasure.A. limitationsB. restrictionsC. rationingD.banning2. During a war, many of the normal basic rights of the individual are___________ in the national interest.A. disregardedB. infringedC. suspendedD. stamped3. Countries bordered by the sea have a pleasant _________ climate becausethe sea warms the coast on winter and cools it in summer.A. arborealB. aquaticC. maritimeD.ocean4. Crimes of violence appear to be quite __________; but psychologists canusually find a motive hidden away in the criminal’s childhood.A. senselessB. sensationalC. nonsensicalD.sensitive5. I’m afraid the result of the coming election is a _________ conclusion.A. foregoneB. foreseenC. predictableD.prospective6. It is possible to organize housework so as to ________ inefficiency but notmonotony.A. depleteB. minimizeC. diminishD.subtract7. The _____________ of social security benefits often feel that they arecontributing more than they in fact receive in terms of medical care,pensions, etc.A. receiptsB. receiversC. recipientsD.payees8. If silicon chips are going to be significant and profitable then Britain oughtto have a _________ in their manufacture.A. stakeB. bidC. betD.flutter9. I had no _________ about speaking the language when I was in Greece, itwas driving on the other side of the road which bothers me.A. panicB. quakeC. nervousnessD. qualms10. As he took his foot off the clutch the car _________ forward and thepassenger was almost thrown through the windscreen.A. lurchedB. swirledC. staggeredD.wobbled11. At each race meeting Hawkins desperately _______ to beat Owen, but healways arrives at the tape a split-second behind.A. drivesB. exertsC. contendsD. strives12. Some of the people living on the Council’s new estate decided to set up a(an) _________ association.A. occupants’B. dwellers’C. tenant s’D.inhabitants’13. He thumbed through the rose ________ to see if there was anything hefancies for his south-facing wall.A. brochureB. catalogueC. pamphletD.booklet14. I was going to spend my holiday in Italy next year but the price ofeverything has rather _______ the idea. Perhaps I shall to Spain instead.A. bogged me downB. turned me outC. set me backD. put me off15. A brilliant writer can _________ a whole scene effortlessly.A. invokeB. provokeC. evokeD. stimulateII. Grammatical Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences. Each is followed by fourpossible answers. Choose the one that best completes eachsentence and draw a bar across the correspondent letter on theAnswer Sheet.16. In such desperate strains did he find himself that he was reduced to________ violin in the streets.A. playB. playingC. be playingD. havingplayed17. Please try to remember ________ he said he was going this afternoon. Ifyou can tell me, I may be in time to save him from trouble.A. whereB. whenC. howD.what18. Those twins are so alike that it is next to impossible to distinguish________.A. who is whoB. which is whichC. one and the otherD. one another19. You _________ hurt his feelings by saying that, even if you thought it.A. didn’t need toB. needn’t toC. hadn’t needed toD.needn’t have20. A captain never gives _________ order to abandon ______ ship until all__________ hope of saving it is lost.A. the; x; xB. an; a; theC. an; the; xD. the; a;the21. After the Arab state won independence, great emphasis was laid onexpanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school.A. to be encouragedB. being encouragedC. to have been encouragedD. be encouraged22. To a highly imaginative writer, _________ is a pad paper and a pen.A. all are requiredB. all is requireC. all that is requiredD. all required is23. He’s improving slowly _________ it’ll be a long time before h e’s fitenough to go back to work.A. butB. forC. asD.unless24. Language is a city, to the building of ________ every human beingbrought a stone.A. itB. thisC. thatD.which25. At first she accused me of being a political fanatic, but she soon cameround to _________ that my ideas where not so ridiculous as she hadsupposed.A. realizeB. realizingC. have realizedD. beingrealizing26. Many political problems are so complicated that the layman cannot seethe wood _______ the trees.A. ofB. fromC. forD.with27. I read that in some book or _________; does it matter which it was?A. the otherB. anotherC. othersD. other28. All was confusion around him; __________ he remained calm andunruffled.A. nonethelessB. consequentlyC. otherwiseD.furthermore29. He is determined to improve his innocence, ________ he has to go to thehighest court in the land.A. even thoughB. even asC. even ifD. evenso30. When _________, many racists cannot give a logical reason for theirattitudes towards other racial groups.A. questioningB. having beenquestionedC. having questionedD. questionedIII. Cloze (20 points)Section ADirections: For questions 31-40, read the text and then decide which word, A, B, C, or D best fits each space. Make your choices and draw abar cross the correspondent letter on the Answer Sheet.Face-to-face conversation is a two-way process: you speak to me, I reply to you and so on. Two-way 31 depends on having a coding system that is understood by both 32 and receiver, and an agreed conversation about 33 the beginning and end of the 34 in speech, the coding system is a language like English or Spanish; the conversation that one person speaks at a time may seem too obvious to 35 . In fact, the 36 that people use in conversations and meetings are often non-verbal. For example, lowering the pitch of the voice may mean the end of a sentence; a 37 of breath may signal the desire to 38 , catching the chairman’s eye may indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting like a 39 , a clenched fist may indicate anger. When these 40 signals are not possible. More formal signals may be needed.31. A. exchange B. correspondenceC. interchangeD. communication32. A. transmitter B. messengerC. senderD. announcer33. A. signaling B. symbolizingC. signingD. showing34. A. idea B. theme C. topic D. message35. A. notice B. mention C. recognize D. judge36. A. clues B. signals C. features D. symbols37. A. deep hold B. noisy releaseC. big puffD. sharp intake38. A. interfere B. interact C. interrupt D. intercept39. A. debate B. lecture C. chat D. broadcast40. A. auditory B. visual C. verbal D. sensorySection BDirections: For questions 41-50, read the text and decide on a suitable word to fill each of the gaps. Remember there is one word for eachgap. Write you answer on the Answer Sheet.In this week’s issue, our resident film critic discusses the 41 of cinema going, and the audiences who 42 chewing hot-dogs, slurping drinks, gossiping and rustling crisp packets to actually 43 the film. Fair complaint, or just cinema snobbery?It’s the munchers and talkers, not those who complain about them, who are spoiling 44 people’s simple pleasures and the 45 seem to me to be self-evident. Junk foods and even popcorn and choc ices, when eaten in a 46 and possibly crowded space, are inclined to demand living spaces. They spread 47 about—usually onto other’s clothing. Crisps, peanuts and boiled sweets make a lot of 48 , first when being unpacked then when being crunched or sucked. These are definite 49 , especially if you yourself—having merely come to see or hear the film—are not eating and not therefore generously sharing your fried onions,mustard and ketchup with the trousers of the stranger in the 50 seat.IV. Reading Comprehension (10 points)Directions: Here is a text. The parts A-F have been removed. Match the parts A-F to the numbered gaps in the text. There is one extra partwhich does not belong in any of the gaps.Professor Kimura has now discovered that homosexual men tend to do worse in targeting tasks, but are superior in other areas, for example, listing things that are a particular color. This goes one step further towards supporting the theory part of the brain is pre-programmed.But despite all the differences that appear to have emerged between male and female brains, Professor Kimura’s studies indicate that the sexes still having something quite strikingly in common: both, it appears, are sensitive to hormonal fluctuation throughout their lives.51_________________ Now Professor Kimura has discovered that males perform best on mental-rotation tests in the spring when, contrary to popular belief, male levels of the hormone testosterone are at their lowest. Autumn, when testosterone levels are high, iswhen her male subjects fare worst in tests.52_________________Moreover, weaknesses in certain skills are not fixed immutable. Extra training in weak areas for both sexes can go far towards rectifying the gender balance.53_________________It’s a good step forward towards greater harmony between men and women. It means they can work towards understanding and helping each other, even on the most basic level.54_________________Furthermore, says Dr. Apter, the latest findings mean that women need no longer force themselves into activities for which they have natural gift—just for the sake of equality. “They don’t have to feel guilty or inferior about doing feminine things.”With childcare, for example, women have developed the skills of attending to babies and noticing what they need and when they need it. This is partly because they spend more time with them, but women do also tend tobe quicker at learning how to respond to the young.55_________________A. But Dr. Terri Apter, a social psychologistat Cambridge University, welcomes therecognition that the sexes have differentintellectual abilities.B. ‘If women want to stay at home lookingafter their children, they should do so.They happen to be very good at it.’C. What’s more, the experts acknowledgethat in spite of some evidence to thecontrary women generally recognizetheir superiority in this field.D. ‘If a man find his wife is not very good atmap-reading and realizes that it may begenetic, he will not only be more patientbut he can teach her how to do it better.’E. Women tested by scientists at Canada’sYork University have been found toscore much better on spatial reasoningtests during menstruation when theirestrogen levels are low.F. Of course, as all scientists involved ingender testing are at pains to point out, their results are only averages. Some women will be better at football than most men, and some men will be better at Russian than most women.PART TWOTranslate the underlined parts of the following text into Chinese. (30 points)(1) The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the slightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them. (2) I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. As a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once make, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.(3) I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. One evening he was with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse (or the better) for liquor. One of them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean.“It sounds fine” said Mayhew “Is that house for sale?”“Everything is for sale in Italy.”“Let’s send’em a cable and make an offer for it.”“What on heaven’s name would you do with a house in Capri?”“Live in it”, said Mayhew.He sent for a cable form, wrote it out, and dispatched it. In a few hours the reply came back. The offer was accepted.(4) Mayhew was no hypocrite and he madeno secret of the fact that he would never have done so wild a thing if he had been sober, but when he was he did not regret it. He was neither an impulsive nor an emotional man, but a very honest and sincere one. (5) He would never have continued from bravado in a course that he had come to the conclusion was unwise. He did not care for wealth and he had enough money on which to live in Italy. (6) He though he would do more with life than spend it on composing the trivial quarrels of unimportant people. I suppose his friends thought him craze; some must have done all they could to dissuade him. He arranged his affairs, packed up his furniture, and started.Capri is a gaunt rock of austere, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace. (7) It is friendly, remote, and debonair. I find it strange that Mayhew should have settled on this lovely island, for I never knew a man more insensible to beauty, freedom, or merely leisure; I know what he found. In this place which appears so extravagantly to the senses he lived a life entirely of the spirit. For the island is rich with historic associations and over it broods always the enigmatic memory of Tiberius the Emperor. Form his windows overlooking the Bay of Naples, with the noble shape of Vesuvius changing color with the changing light, Mayhew saw a hundred places that recalled the Romans and the Greeks. The past began to haunt him. All that he saw for the first time excited his fancy; and in his soul stirred the creative imagination. He was a man of energy. Presently he made up his mind to write a history. For some time he looked about for a subject, and at last decided on the second century of the Roman Empire. It was little known and it seemed to him to offer problems analogous with those of our own day.PART THREEI. Summary (25 points)Directions: Write a 150-word summary based on the following text. Note that your summary should cover the main points of the text and thatyour quotation from the original source should be kept to aminimum.Overreaction to Cloning Claim Poses OtherRisksA USA Today EditorialMuch of the world is now holding its breath, wondering whether Eve, the supposed first-ever human clone, born Dec. 26 [2002], is real or a twisted publicity stunt. Her existence certainly sounds like something out of science fiction: announced by the Raelians, a bizarre sect that believes the human race was cloned from aliens 25,000 years ago.The Raelians' Clonaid organization promises to provide in coming days scientific proof of Eve's authenticity through genetics experts, though it refuses to produce Eve or her 31-year-old American mother. It also claims that four more clones are due to be born by February [2003]—a statistic that stretches credulity, given that the cloning of mammals since Dolly the sheep in 1997 has usually taken hundreds of tries and produced Frankenstein-leaning deformities.Whether or not Eve proves to be genuine, any clone would catch Americans spectacularly unprepared. That's because conservative Republicans and the Bush administration have insisted on pursuing a ban on all cloning. Their overreach overlooks a more sensible alternative: outlawing the morally reprehensible cloning of humans but permitting cellular cloning that could cure ailments from Alzheimer's to spinal injuries.True to form, within days of Eve's birth for Senate legislation to ban all human cloning…Yet such a knee-jerk reaction ignores critical differences between cloning of the human and therapeutic variety.Human cloning aims to replicate humans. It requires implanting a cloned embryo into a woman's uterus. The Raelians' claims aside, thepractice holds moral, ethical and practical risks. Attempts to clone humans are certain to follow the path of animal cloning. That means hundreds of failures and the death within days of most clones that do reach birth. Survivors, even if they seem healthy, could be time bombs with unknown genetic abnormalities. Besides such vexing moral questions as who has the right to clone another person, family relationships and rights would become a minefield of ambiguity: Eve's ''mother,'' for example, would really be her twin.Therapeutic cloning aims to develop medical therapies. Cloned embryos are grown only up to 14 days, long enough to harvest their stem cells, which may eventually prove useful in treating diseases including Parkinson's, leukemia and diabetes. Embryos aren't implanted in a woman's uterus, the step required to clone a human.Supporters of a total ban would shut off this promising avenue of U.S. research. Yet investigations would continue overseas.A far more sensible approach was proposed last year, when the National Academy of Sciences called for a five-year renewable ban on the cloning of human beings while allowing research on therapeutic cloning.Regardless whether Eve is a clone, her announced arrival delivers a call for responsible action. Like it or not, we already are in a brave new world of medical advances.II. Composition (35 points)Directions: Write a composition in about 350 words to give your opinion on Why and How Web Addicts Should Be Treated. Write your compositionon the Answer Sheet.。
2022西安外国语大学英语语言文学考研真题考研经验考研参考书
西安外国语大学英语语言文学考研真题经验参考书目录第一章考前知识浏览1.1西安外国语大学招生简章......................1.2西安外国语大学专业目录........................1.3西安外国语大学英语语言文学专业历年报录比....... 1.4西安外国语大学英语语言文学初试科目解析......第二章英语语言文学专业就业前景解读2.1西安外国语大学专业综合介绍.................2.2西安外国语大学专业就业解析.................2.3西安外国语大学各方向对比分析.......第三章西安外国语大学英语语言文学专业内部信息传递3.1报考数据分析..............3.2复试信息分析..............3.3导师信息了解........第四章西安外国语大学英语语言文学初试专业课考研知识点4.1参考书目分析..........4.2真题分析................4.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）....第五章西安外国语大学英语语言文学初试复习计划分享5.1政治英语复习技巧5.2专业课复习全程详细攻略5.3时间管理策略及习题使用第六章西安外国语大学英语语言文学复试6.1复试公共部分的注意事项6.2复试专业课部分的小Tips【学院介绍】西安外国语大学创建于1952年，是新中国最早建立的4所外语院校之一，是西北地区唯一的一所主要外语语种齐全的普通高校。
其前身是西北大学俄语系、兰州大学俄语系、中共西北局党校俄文班合并组建的西北俄文专科学校，招收俄语专业本科生，1958年更名为西安外国语学院。
1979年开始招收研究生，1986年经国务院学位委员会批准，正式成为硕士学位授权单位。
2006年2月，经教育部批准，学校更名为西安外国语大学。
经过50余年的建设和发展，学校已实现了由单科外语院校向突出外语特色，以人文学科为主体，社会学科、管理学科和理学学科协调发展的多学科外国语大学的转变，是国家西部重要的外语人才培养基地，在西北地区的外语教育教学和研究领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
西安外国语大学英语语言文学复试真题
西安外国语大学英语语言文学复试真题1、61．How is online shopping changing our way? ? ? ? ? ? life? [单选题] *A．of(正确答案)B．inC．onD．for2、A lot of students in our school were born _______ March, 1 [单选题] *A. in(正确答案)B. atC. onD. since3、Taking the subway is quite fast and cheap. It can _______ both time and money. [单选题] *A. savesB. save(正确答案)C. earnD. use4、Lily is a very_____person and never wastes anything. [单选题] *A.generousB.economical(正确答案)C.economicD.efficient5、Could you tell me _____ to fly from Chicago to New York? [单选题] *A.it costs how muchB. how much does it costC. how much costs itD.how much it costs(正确答案)6、75．As a student in Senior Three, I must work hard．（）, I should take exercise to strengthen my body．[单选题] *A.OtherwiseB.Meanwhile(正确答案)C.ThereforeD.Thus7、We haven't heard from him so far. [单选题] *A. 到目前为止(正确答案)B. 一直C. 这么远D. 这么久8、This is not our house. lt belongs to _____. [单选题] *A. the Turners'B. the Turners(正确答案)C. Turner'sD. Turners9、1．________my father ________ my mother is able to drive a car. So they are going to buy one. [单选题] *A．Neither; norB．Both; andC．Either; orD．Not only; but also(正确答案)10、Henry lives happily with his three cats. _______ of them are part of his family. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. All(正确答案)D. Neither11、（）it is to have a cold drink on a hot day! [单选题] *A. What a great funB. How great funC. What great fun(正确答案)D. How a great fun12、I hope to see you again _______. [单选题] *A. long long agoB. long beforeC. before long(正确答案)D. long13、（）of the twins was arrested because I saw them both at a party last night. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. Neither(正确答案)D. All14、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision15、Chinese people spend _____ money on travelling today as they did ten years ago. [单选题] *A. more than twiceB. as twice muchC. twice as much(正确答案)D. twice more than16、I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy _____. [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. oneC. thisD. that17、I_____you that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.for sure18、---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. [单选题] *A. show(正确答案)B. showsC. to showD. showing19、These two films are very interesting. I like them _____. [单选题] *A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. both(正确答案)20、--Jimmy, you are supposed to?_______ your toys now.--Yes, mom. [单选题] *A. put upB. put onC. put away(正确答案)D. put down21、The bookshop is far away. You’d better _______. [单选题] *A. by the busB. by busC. take busD. take?the bus(正确答案)22、I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. [单选题] *A. orB. andC. soD. but(正确答案)23、Sichuan used to have more people than ______ province in China. [单选题] *A. otherB. any other(正确答案)C. anotherD. any others24、The manager demanded that all employees _____ on time. [单选题] *A. be(正确答案)B. areC. to beD. would be25、95--Where and when _______ you _______ it? [单选题] *A. did; buy(正确答案)B. do; buyC. have; boughtD. will; buy26、I have a _____ every day to keep fit. [单选题] *A. three thousand meter walkB. three-thousands-meters walkC.three-thousand-meters walkD. three-thousand-meter walk(正确答案)27、He is going to _______ a party this evening. [单选题] *A. hold(正确答案)B. makeC. needD. hear28、30．It is known that ipad is _________ for the old to use. [单选题] * A．enough easyB．easy enough (正确答案)C．enough easilyD．easily enough29、There are trees on both sides of the broad street. [单选题] *A. 干净的B. 狭窄的C. 宽阔的(正确答案)D. 宁静的30、When we take a trip,we usually have to _______ a hotel. [单选题] *A. takeB. stayC. book(正确答案)D. bring。
西安外国语学院06外国语言学综合真题
欲索取更多考研资料，请上北京天问教育网站官网！西安外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目名称：外国语言学综合（英语语言学433+翻译理论与实践434）（请考生将所有答案写在答题纸上，并标清题号）PART ONEDirections: Select from the lettered choices the one which best completes the statement. (选择题，每题1分，共20分)1. By _____ we mean language is resourceful because of its duality andrecursiveness.a. arbitrarinessb. dualityc. creativityd. displacement2. The most important sociological use of language is the ______ function, by whichpeople establish and maintain their status in a society.a. performativeb. interpersonalc. phaticd. metalingual3. ____ refers to the system of a language, i.e. the arrangement of sounds and wordswhich speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of.a. Langueb. Competencec. Communicative competenced. Linguistic potential4. _____ deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced.a. Acoustic phoneticsb. Articulatory phoneticsc. Segmental phonologyd. Suprasegmental phonology5. The vowel ____ is a low back vowel.a. /i:/b. /u/c. /ae/d. /a:/6. ____ refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, ornumber.a. Affixationb. Inflectionc. Derivationd. Conjugation7. Words like brunch, guesstimate are examples of _____.a. acronymsb. contractionsc. blendsd. cohyponyms8. Language has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguisticaspects except that of ______.a. phonologyb. lexiconc. syntaxd. semantics9. _____ refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units becausethey may occur together in a sentence.a. Syntagmatic relationsb. Hypotactic relationsc. paradigmatic relationsd. Paratactic relations10. For structuralists, ______ is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent tothat of one or more of its constituents.a. coordinate constructionb. subordinate constructionc. endocentric constructiond. exocentric construction11. The sentence “I dislike such people” can be considered to be ___.a. markedb. unmarkedc. topic prominentd. content prominent12. Transformational component is one of the components in all the Chomskianmodels of language except the ____ model.a. 1965b. 1972c. 1979d. 199513. According to C. Ogden and I. Richards, ____ is regarded as the crucialintermediary between ______ and ______.a. symbol … referent … thoughtb. referent … thought … symbolc. thought … symbol … referent14. By componential analysis, BECOME (x, (~ALIVE(x))) is an explanation of______.a. dieb.deadc. killd. killed15. ____ is using a sentence to perform a function.a. A perlocutionary actb. An illocutionary actc. A locutionary actd. Speech act16. According to the conversational maxim of ____ suggested by Grice, one shouldspeak truthfully.a. quantityb. qualityc. relevanced. manner17. ____ is a figurative use of language which implies a comparison between twounlike elements.a. Simileb. Metaphorc. Metonymyd. Synecdoche18. The ____ is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms ofspeech acts together with the language items needed for them.a. structural syllabusb. situational syllabusc. notional syllabusd. functional syllabus19. ____ measure how much of a language someone has learned with reference to aparticular program of instruction.a. Aptitude testsb. Achievement testsc. Placement testsd. Proficiency tests20 According to _______ theory, grammar refers to the initial state of the humanlanguage faculty.a. Saussure’sb. Bloomfield’sc. Chomsky’sd. Halliday’sPART TWODirections: Define the following terms. (术语解释，每题6分，共30分)1.Metalanguage2.Textual function3.Schemata4.Foregrounding5.CALLPART THREEDirections: Answer four of the following questions. (选择4个题回答，每题15分，共60分)1.What are suprasegmental features?2.What is meant by Move a in Universal Grammar?3.What are the major types of synonyms?4.What is register as used in Functional Grammar?5.What do you think of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?6.What is meant by the Critical Period Hypothesis?Directions: Comment on any two of the following topics. (选择2个题论述，每题20分，共40分)1.Definitions of language.2.The relationship between language and culture.3.The role of native language in second language learning.Answer each of the following questions briefly. (60 points)1.What are the principles of translation proposed by Alexander F. Tytler?2.What does the unit of translation refer to? How is it relevant to translation practice?3.How do you understand literal translation and free translation?e two examples to show the syntactic (structural) differences between Chinese andEnglish.5.“Kill two birds with one stone”is generally translated into “一石二鸟”, “一箭双雕”or“一举两得”. What is the basic line of thought underlying each translation?6.What methods are often used to deal with English pronouns in the process ofEnglish-Chinese translation?7.What are the conditions that may affect the selection of active and passive forms inChinese-English translation?8.Based on the following SL sentence, make critical comments on the Chinese version interms of semantic relations.SL: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.TL: 有一个举世公认的道理，即一个有钱的单身汉总想娶位太太。
(NEW)西安外国语大学241英语二外历年考研真题及详解
目 录2005年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题2005年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题及详解2006年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题2006年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题及详解2005年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题Part I. Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the answer sheet.1．_____ at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.A. So forcefully he speakB. So forcefully was he spokenC. So forcefully did he speakD. So forcefully has he spoken2．Helen probably _____ her rapid recovery, to her husband’s devoted care.A. was owingB. ownedC. owedD. was owning3．The young girl was chosen to ______ our school for a diving competition in Asia.A. representB. recallC. respectD. resemble4．Our society _____ on “making it” that we assume that any failure is bad.A. takes so much emphasisB. gets so much emphasisC. stresses so much emphasisD. places so much emphasis5．The couple can _____ on their income at the moment, but they’ll need more money when their son goes to school.A. get offB. get byC. get backD. get about6．The ozone layer ______ the earth from harmful radiation.A. shadesB. shieldsC. shadowsD. shapes7．The boy took an apple and ______ it into quarters.A. dividedB. decidedC. decreased。
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2005年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题
Part I. Structure and V ocabulary (20 points)
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the answer sheet.
1. _____ at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.
A. So forcefully he speak
B. So forcefully was he spoken
C. So forcefully did he speak
D. So forcefully has he spoken
2. Helen probably _____ her rapid recovery, to her husband‟s devoted care.
A. was owing
B. owned
C. owed
D. was owning
3. The young girl was chosen to ______ our school for a diving competition in Asia.
A. represent
B. recall
C. respect
D. resemble
4. Our society _____ on “making it” that we assume that any failure is bad.
A. takes so much emphasis
B. gets so much emphasis
C. stresses so much emphasis
D. places so much emphasis
5. The couple can _____ on their income at the moment, but they‟ll need more money when their son goes to school.
A. get off
B. get by
C. get back
D. get about
6. The ozone layer ______ the earth from harmful radiation.
A. shades
B. shields
C. shadows
D. shapes
7. The boy took an apple and ______ it into quarters.
A. divided
B. decided
C. decreased
D. distributed
8. Having worked for five years, she is extremely well ______ for the job.
A. superior
B. satisfied
C. qualified
D. abundant
9. She rang up to _____ when her car would be ready.
A. inquire
B. require
C. acquire
D. expire
10. Barbara ______ a job-training program in the city to learn computer operation.
A. signed to
B. applied to
C. signed up for
D. made for
11. When she was in danger, she screamed and some passers-by came to her _____.
A. safe
B. way
C. mind
D. rescue
12. It is urgent that the police ______ informed about those strange phone calls.
A. will be
B. are
C. have to be
D. be
13. ______ criticizing Alice for what she has done, the teacher praised her highly for it.
A. Thanks to
B. Instead of
C. Owing to
D. In spite of
14. Usually excellent work leads to frequent pay increase and _____.
A. progress
B. advance
C. promotion
D. lift
15. Attempts to swim across the English Channel have been made by over 3,700 people, but _____ have succeeded.
A. of whom only 298
B. of them only 298
C. only 298 of them
D. only 298 of whom
16. Y ou should save your work often as a _____ against computer failure.
A. precaution
B. preparation
C. presentation
D. prescription
17. The boy _____ to be the descendant of the rich businessman.
A. clapped
B. claimed
C. decided
D. demanded
18. Reform is rather difficult, for it will face the _____ between tradition and innovation.
A. tissue
B. matter
C. solution
D. conflict
19. Seeing the children in the park _____ thoughts of her own sons on the other side of the Atlantic.
A. arose
B. prompted
C. encouraged。