大学英语翻译教程-第十三单元

试比较下列例子中的两种译文： (1) There are wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 原译：有许多奇妙的故事可以讲关于我访问的 一些地方和遇见的不少人。 改译：我访问了一些地方，遇见了不少人。要 讲起来，奇妙的故事有许多。

13.2.1改变定语语序

汉语定语一般置于中心词之前。因此，许 多英语长句中后置的定语短语或定语从句 译成汉语时经常需要改变语序，调整到中 心词之前的位置上。例如：

(9) Einstein’s equations indicated that when a star several times larger than the sun exhausts its nuclear fuel and collapses，its matter crushes together at its centre with such force that it forms a singularity，an infinitely dense point with no dimensions and irresistible gravity.
(10) What is the nature of the scientific attitude，the attitude of the man and woman who studies and applies physics，biology，chemistry， geology，engineering，medicine or any other science？ (11) The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security.
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13.1原序译法
13.2变序译法 13.3分句译法
13.1原序译法
原序译法，又称“顺序法”或“顺译法”。 有些英语长句的内容安排与汉语的表达习 惯颇为一致，基本可以按照原文语序依次 译出，例如： (3) The global economy that boomed in the 1960s，growing at an average of 5.5 per-cent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year rate in the mid1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982.
13.2.2改变状语语序

英语叙事说理的逻辑顺序相对比较灵活， 表示原因、条件、前提等的状语成分既可 前置又可后置；汉语一般则是前因后果、 先提出条件后交待结果，有关状语大多前 置。因此，汉译某些英语长句时，经常需 要调整其状语的语序。例如：
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(13) Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free，owing to its always being combined with other elements，most commonly with oxygen， for which it has a strong affinity. (14) Moreover, the essential guarantee for mutual cooperation should be realized to solve a series of problems that affect our cooperation, which is in line with my target.
翻译技巧(九)
长句的译法
英语重形合，其连接手段丰富多样,一方 面可以组成很长的简单句，另一方面还可 以组合成更长的复合句或复杂句；而且往 往从句之中套着分句、分句之中又包含从 句，形成环扣相连、层现叠出的长句结构。 汉语更注重意合，汉语句子一般要比英语 句子简短。


在汉译英语长句时，必须在吃透原文意思 的基础上，采取灵活的变通手段，按照汉 语的造句常规，重新加以组合，贴切地再 现原文意义。

(6) A water supply for a city usually includes a storage reservoir at the source of the supply, a pipeline from the storage reservoir to the distribution reservoir near the city， and finally the distribution pipes buried in the streets，taking the water to the houses，shops，factories, and offices.

(18) Ten international finalists for the award, who will be from these countries --China, India, Kenya, Latin American region, Lithuania, Malaysia, Nigeria and Poland, will visit the UK in September 2009 to undertake a common program where they will take part in valuable networking both with key UK design industry contacts and amongst their IYDE peers.


(17) A student of mathematics must become familiar with all the signs and symbols commonly used in mathematics and bear them in mind firmly，and be well versed in the definitions，formulas as well as the technical terms in the field of mathematics，in order that he may be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.
13.3分句译法
分句译法又称拆句法或切分法，是翻译英 语长句最为常用的手法之一。 为了适应汉语多用较短句式的基本趋势， 经常可以将英语长句中的某些短语或从句 分译成句。特别是有些短语或从句与句子 中的其他成分的联系并不十分紧密，这时 分句译法就尤其适用。


当然，翻译手法的使用往往都不是孤立的。 在采用分句译法翻译某些英语长句时，需 要同时运用增词法，加译适当的词语，以 便使语气更加连贯，语义更加清楚。例如：


(4) The East Greenland Current carries much ice from the Arctic down the coast of Greenland，maintaining the low temperatures and rendering access to the east coast of Greenland difficult.

(5) Whenever chemists want to combine oxygen and hydrogen to form water，they find they must use them in a certain proportion，which is always the same，no matter whether they are forming a single drop of water or many gallons.


(12) There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer appears to be the magician that the world press had made him out to be，an illusion which he failed to discourage because he has been said to have a tendency toward megalomania.

(8) The electronic notebook will serve as memo files in which the scientist records thoughts for preservation description of experiments，drafts of reports, quotations and other materials extracted from other electric files, and other types of information that would now be put in paper notebooks and other types of paper files.
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(2) And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girlfriend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born. 原译：他知道他会非常丢脸，如果他的女朋友 知道了他的母亲，他出生的地方以及他所出生的 人群. 改译：他出生在这类人中间，出生在这样的地方， 有这样的母亲，这些要是让他的女朋友知道了的 话，他明白会有多么丢人。

(7) The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.

(15) Five years earlier even one year earlier -I wouldn't have been able to live with myself if I had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment. (16) Later the institute was instructed to carry out its research on condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecasts.
13.2变序译法
变序译法又称逆序法。如果英语长句的叙 事层次与汉语不相一致，往往需改变原文 语序、甚至逆着原文语序翻译，以使译文 更加符合汉语的习惯。 在汉译不同的英语长句中，尤以定语(从句) 和状语(从句)的变序处理更为常见，也更加 重要。 13.2.1 改变定语语序 13.2.2 改变状语语序