中科院考博英语形近词辨析

形近词辨析A1．adept adopt adaptadeptadj．（与 at， in 连用）熟练的；精通的She was adept at the fine art of irritating people．n．内行；老手adoptvt．收养；采取；采用They adopted our methods．正式通过；采纳The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favor to 10 against it．adaptvt．使适应；使适合He adapted himself to the cold weather．When he moved to Canada， the children adapted to the change very well．2．adopted adoptiveadoptedadj．被收养的，被采纳的an adopted childan adopted adviceadoptiveadj．收养（孩子）的an adoptive mother3．averse adverseaverseadj．（常与to连用）嫌恶的I am not averse to a dance party and a good mean aftera week's hard work．The minister is averse to/from flattery．adverseadj．不利的；相反的an adverse decisionAdverse circumstances compelled him to close his business．4．affection affectationaffectionn．友爱，爱情，影响，疾病，倾向affectationn．假装，虚饰，做作5．altitude latitude longitude multitude attitude aptitudealtituden．（海拔）高度At high altitudes of Tibet it is difficult to breathe．高处The plane flew at an altitude of 20000 metres．latituden．纬度，范围， (用复数)地区，行动或言论的自由(范围) longituden．经度，经线multitude n．多数，群众attituden．姿势；态度People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely．看法；意见What is the Municipal Authority's attitude to the proposal of a tunnel across the river?aptituden．能力；才能；天资6．angle angelanglen．角；角度a right angle角落；墙角；棱角观点；看法；看问题的角度to consider all angles of the questionThe professor angled his report to suit the audience he was speaking to．vt．转动一个角度to angle a camera带成见地描述（某事）He angles his reports to please his editor in chief．用钩和钓钓鱼He is keen on angling．（与 for 连用）运用手段获得，攫取angeln．天使；守护神；仁慈、漂亮的女人7．announce denounce renounce pronounce announcevt．通告；发表；宣布，宣告The captain announced that the plane was going to land．denouncevt．揭发；告发；斥责renouncevt．正式放弃He renounced his claim to the property．宣布断绝关系He renounced his religion．ronouncevt．& vi．发音；发出…音How do you pronounce c-l-e-r-k?宣称；宣告；断言The expert pronounced the picture to be a forgery．Everyone pronounced the party to be very good．（常与on， for， against， in favor of连用）〈法〉宣判The judge pronounced sentence on the prisoner．8． annual annul annualadj．每年的；一年一次的an annual eventannulvt．取消，废除（婚姻、契约等）9．apposite oppositeappositeadj．适当的oppositeadj．相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的，对等的；对应的n．相反的事物10．appraise apprise praiseappraisevt．评估，评价，鉴定apprisevt．通知；告知She was apprised of our arrival．The secretary came to apprise us that the erection of the monster machine had been successfully completed．praisevt．赞美；赞扬；歌颂；赞颂She praised her daughter's hard work．11．apprehensive comprehensiveapprehensiveadj．忧虑的；担心的apprehensive for sb．'s safetycomprehensiveadj．全面的；广泛的；包含内容多的；详尽的The state government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans for the development of electronic industry．12 argument augmentargumentn．争论，辩论，论据，论点，～ (for，against)，意见augmentvt．& vi．增大；增加13． ascribe describe prescribe subscribe inscribe proscribeascribevt．归因于，归咎于describevt．描写，记述，形容，形容v．描述prescribevt．&vi．开药方；处方；命令；规定The law prescribes what should be done．What punishment does the law prescribe for corruption?The doctor prescribed total abstinence．subscribevt．& vi．（常与to，for连用）捐款；捐助；订购（报纸、杂志等）（常与 to 连用）同意，赞同inscribevt．（常与 in，on，with 连用）题写；铭刻She inscribed her own name on the textbook．（常与to连用）题名This book I inscribe to my old comrades-in-arms．proscribevt．禁止14． assent ascent assentvi．（常与to连用）同意ascentn．上升，(地位，声望等的)提高，攀登，上坡路15．dissent descent decentdissentvi．（常与 from 连用）持异议；不同意；意见不一致He and I dissented from each other in choosing a suitable candidate．descentn．下降；下滑；降下；下来；血统；遗传He traces his descent from an old Norman family．decentadj体面的，合适的16． assume resume consume presume assumevt．假定；假设I assume you always get up at the same time．采用；承担to assume new dutiesresumen．摘要，概略，<美>履历vt．再继续，重新开始，重新占用，再用，恢复consumevt．& vi．吃，喝；消耗；消费；花费His old car consumed much gasoline．毁灭；烧毁The fire soon consumed the old woodenbuildings in the neighborhood．presumevt．&vi．（常与 that 连用）假定；假设；认为I presume from your speech that you are a foreigner．You must presume no such thing．当作；姑且认为If a person is missing for 7 years， he is presumed dead．（常与 to + inf 连用）放肆；擅作主张A servant ought not to presume．（与 on， upon 连用）指望；寄希望于…We must not presume too mush on the reliability of such sources．17．avocation vocation vacationavocationn．(个人)副业，业余爱好vocationn．职业；行业；天职；使命vacationn．假期I worked in a small beachside restaurant during the college vacation．18．authentic authoritativeauthentic真实的：与事实相符并且值得相信、信赖的：an authentic account by an eyewitness．真正的：有着经证实的来源或创作者的；非伪造的或非复制的：an authentic medieval sword．一把真正的中世纪剑authoritativeadj．（形容词）官方的：有着或由政府发起的；官方的：an authoritative decree；authoritative sources权威性的：拥有公认的精确性或优秀性的；极可信赖的：an authoritative account of the revolution．专断的：行使权力的；命令的：the captain's authoritative manner．19．adjoin adjacent adjournadjoinvt．毗连；临近；贴近Our house adjoins theirs．adjacentadj．(与 to 连用）相邻的，邻近的adjournvt．& vi．延期；休会，会议暂停The meeting will be adjourned till next Wednesday．20．admire admiraladmirev．赞美，钦佩，羡慕admiraln．海军上将，舰队司令，旗舰21．adore adornadorevt．崇拜；敬爱；敬重；非常喜欢He adores the cinema．She adores going to the volleyball match．adornvt．装饰She likes to adorn herself with jewels．增加…的重要性或吸引力He tried to adorn his story with a lot of lies 22．appliance applicant application appliancen．用具，器具applicantn．申请者，请求者applicationn．请求，申请，申请表，应用，运用23．alley allyalleyn．小路，巷， (花园里两边有树篱的)小径allyv．结盟，与．．．(在血统，性质等上)有关联，同盟n．同盟国，支持者24．accession accessaccessionn．就职，就任，添加，增加accessn．通路，访问，入门vt．存取，接近B1． bull bullybulln．公牛，粗壮如牛的人；乐观进取的人；胡扯；废话bullyvt．威吓；欺侮；以强凌弱He's always bullying smaller boys．2．bandage bondagebandagen．绷带bondagen．奴役，束缚3．bread beadbreadn．面包4．bump dump jump hump lump plump pump bumpn．撞击，肿块v．碰(伤)，撞(破)，颠簸dumpvt．倾倒(垃圾)，倾卸n．堆存处jumpn．跳跃，上涨，惊跳vt．跳跃，跃过，突升，使跳跃vi．跳跃，暴涨humpn．驼峰，驼背，小园丘，峰丘v．(使)隆起，弓起lumpn．块（尤指小块），肿块，笨人vt．使成块状，混在一起．plumpadj．圆胖的，丰满的，鼓起的vt．突然放下，使丰满，使鼓起vi．变丰满，鼓起pumpn．泵，抽水机vt．(用泵)抽(水)，抽吸5．beach breach bleachbeachn．海滨；湖滨；河滩The little beach hotel has a pleasant ambient breachn．（常与 of 连用）违背；不履行；破坏in breach of contractYour company is in breach of the contract．bleachvt．&vi．使变白Did you bleach this table cloth?beadn．珠子，水珠vt．祈祷6．bride bribebriden．新娘briben．&vt．贿赂7．boom broomboomn．&v．繁荣，兴旺broomn．扫帚8．buffet bufferbuffetn．餐具柜，小卖部，殴打，打击vt．①连续地打击②搏斗buffervt．缓冲、缓和C1．censor censurecensorn．检查员vt．检查，审查censurev．责难n．责难2．cession sessioncessionn．割让，转让， [律]让与(他人)债权sessionn．（官方机构的）会议，会期，开会期The general session approved the report of the investigation committee．学期；大学的学期3． clash crush crashclashn．冲突，撞击声，抵触the clash of weaponsclash of interestsa clash with the policeI failed to go to her wedding because it clashed with my examination．战斗It is broadcast that the two armies clashed near the borderline again before dawn．vi．& vt．冲突The enemy armies clashed．（事情）在时间上相冲突It's a pity the two concerts clash．（常与 with 连用）（色彩）不协调This shirt clashes with your trousers．crushvt．& vi．压碎；压坏；碾碎；挤压；塞to crush one's way through the crowd破坏；镇压；压服to crush all oppositioncrashn．碰撞，坠落，坠毁，撞击声，爆裂声v．碰撞，坠落，坠毁， (指商业公司，政府等)&破产，垮台4． classic classicalclassicn．杰作，名著adj．第一流的classicaladj．古典的，正统派的，古典文学的5． clench clinchclenchvt．&vi．紧合；咬紧（牙关）；捏紧（拳头）She clenched her teeth when she was operated on．紧握；抓牢The girl clenched her money in her hand．clinchvt．& vi．敲弯钉头钉牢；钉住；把（木头）钉牢在一起；确定；决定（贸易等）；达成买卖或合同The two companies clinched the deal quickly．The offer of more money clinched it for her．She agree to undertake the job as the assistant to the managing director．6．coarse hoarse roarcoarseadj．粗的；粗糙的；未精炼的；（表面）不光滑的coarse cloth粗鲁的；鲁莽的；不礼貌的coarse talkhoarseadj．嘶哑的His voice was hoarse after talking for an hour．roarn．吼声；咆哮声the roar of an angry lionThe lion gave a loud roar．7． canvass canvascanvasn．粗帆布；一块油画布The young artist showed me his recent canvases．canvassn．细查，讨论，劝诱vt．彻底检查，细究，向．．．拉票或拉生意，讨论vi．游说，拉选票8． cannon canoncannonn．加农炮；大炮canonn．教规，宗教法规9． credible credulouscredibleadj．可信的；可靠的credulousadj．轻信别人的10．continual continuouscontinualadj．连续的Recently the young couple have continual arguments with each other for trifles．continuousadj．不断的continuous rain all day11．collide colludecollidevi．互撞；碰撞；（车、船等）猛撞The two trains collided．冲突；反对；强烈抵触(with)colludevi．共谋；勾结；串通(with)12． comment commendcommentn．注释，评论，意见vi．注释，评论(on )commendvt．称赞，表扬，推荐，委托，吸引13． compel expel propel repelcompelvt．强迫，迫使expelvt赶走：驱逐或把…赶出去：expel an invader．排出：从容器里或象从容器里释放；被迫离开；把…除名：expelled the student from college for cheating．See Synonyms at ejectpropelvt．推进，推动；驱策repelvt．击退；逐退to repel an attack使厌恶；使反感His accent repels me．14． contemporary temporarycontemporaryn．同时代的人adj．当代的，同时代的temporaryadj．暂时的，临时的，临时性15． contemptuous contemptiblecontemptuousadj．（常与 of 连用）表示轻蔑的；傲慢的a contemptuous lookcontemptibleadj．卑劣的It was contemptible of him to speak like that about a respectable teacher!It was a contemptible trick to tell lies and play on an old friend! 16． confer infer refer prefer defer confervt．授予(称号、学位等)on，赠与，把．．．赠与，协议v．协商，交换意见(on)The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident．infervt．推断；推知；推论to infer an unknown fact from a known factI infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet．refervt．& vi．（常与to连用）涉及；提到；针对；有关The new law does not refer to farm land．提交；交付The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers．prefervt．（常与to连用）更喜欢；宁愿to prefer coffee toWhich of these two dresses do you prefer? defervt．推迟；延期vt．（与to连用）服从；顺从Do you always defer to your parents’ wishes? 17． consequent subsequentconsequentadj．作为结果的subsequentadj．随后的，后来的；继起的18． conventional convenientconventionaladj．惯例的，常规的，习俗的，传统的convenientadj．便利的，方便的19． confidant confidante confident confidentialconfidantn．知己男友confidanten．知己的女友confidentadj．确信的；有信心的；自信的Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing director．confidentialadj．机密的；秘密的a confidential order参与机密的；视为心腹的a confidential secretary20． convert divert invert revert reverse convertvt．（常与 into 连用）转变；变换to convert an old house into a new oneThat building has been converted into a school．兑换I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars．改变信仰、党派或意见等She managed to convert him to her opinion．divertvt．转向；转移A ditch diverted water from the stream into the fields．Traffic was ordered to divert to another road because of the repair of the main road．The government is planning to divert the river to supply water to the town．A loud noise from the street diverted my attention．invertvt．置于相反位置；上下倒置The little boy caught the insect by inverting the cup over it．revertvi．（与to连用）恢复原状；回复；回到（原来话题）；（财产等）归复，归还reversevt．倒退；倒转He reversed the car．翻转She reversed the paper．改变；使成相反的东西He reversed the judgment and set the prisoner free after all．21． counsel consul councilcounseln．讨论，商议，辩护律师vt．劝告，忠告consuln．领事counciln．政务会，理事会，委员会，参议会，讨论会议，顾问班子，立法班子22．conscious conscientiousconsciousadj．有意识的；神志清醒的He is hurt but still conscious．了解的；察觉的She was not conscious of his presence in the room．刻意的：故意设计或做的；刻意的：a conscious insult。