塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响(英文)ppt课件

Obviously, this sea turtle
was scarred. After this
picture was taken, maybe
it would die soon. As we
can imagine, there are still
thousands of sea turtles
under the threaten of
A sea turtle that is trapped by a rubber b. and
Convincing data(on Pacific Ocean)
• In a 2008 Pacific Gyre voyage, Algalita Marine Research
Foundation researchers began finding that fish are eating plastic fragments and waste. Of the 672 fish caught during that voyage, 35% had ate plastic pieces. Click to see more details
• Naval and research vessels eject waste and military equipment that are deemed unnecessary.
• Pleasure crafts release fishing gear and other types of waste, either accidentally or through negligent handling.
.
Human actions that polluted the pacific ocean
• Merchant ships expel cargo, sewage, used medical equipment, and other types of waste that contain plastic into the ocean.
Parsons&JR ,2012 ）
.
The organism that is being affected
• Seabirds • Whales • Fisheries • Seals • Sea lions • Sea turtle • Dolphins
.
Aquatic wildlife can be threatened by suffocation.
• The North Pacific Gyre, for example, has collected the so-called
“Great Pacific Garbage Patch”, which is now estimated to be one to twenty times the size of Texas (approximately from 700,000 to 15,000,000 square kilometers). In samples taken in 1999, the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton (the dominant animal life in the area) by a factor of six. (Weisman&Alan，2007). Click to see more details
• The largest ocean-based source of plastic pollution is discarded
fishing gear (including traps and nets), estimated to be up to 90% of
plastic debris in some areas. （ Hammer, J; Kraak, MH;
.
Effects on wildlife & fisheries
(how have the plastic debris affected them)
1. Entanglement •Entanglement is responsible for many different kinds of wildlife. Such as seals, fish, turtles, and birds. •These animals get caught in the debris and end up suffocating or drowning. •They don’t have hands like us to untangle themselves, as a
Example: this sea turtle is taking a plastic bag in plastic debris. If no one helps them, they are just
dying lonely, scared, and
.
d来自百度文库sperated.
Example: the seal is stuck by fishing nets
This picture tells us a sad story about this turtle: it was trapped accidentally when it was young. As it grew bigger and bigger, the rubber band limited it. As a result, its body was deformed.
How plastic waste is affecting wildlife and fisheries
The main waste in the ocean is the Plastic debris. About 80 percent of marine debris is plastic.
Every year, a huge number of seabirds, turtles, and fisheries died of