天线辐射方向图及其matlab仿真
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天线阵列辐射场的研究 摘要
随着现代通信技术的迅猛发展，无线通讯越来越广泛，越来越多的应 用于国防建设，经济建设以及人民的生活等领域。在无线通信系统中，需 要将来自发射机的导波能量转变为无线电波，用来辐射或接受无线电波的 装置称为天线。在通信过程中，特别是点对点的通信，要求天线具有相当 强的方向性，即希望天线能将绝大部分的能量集中向某一预定方向辐射。 阵列天线就是近代天线研究的一种方向，其研究催生了包括相控阵天线， 均匀直线列天线，智能天线等在无线通信，雷达，导航领域中广泛应用的 新型天线。而天线阵列辐射场的研究是其中很重要的一部分。 本文首先介绍天线是如何产生电磁波的，并介绍辐射场的几种情况。 接下来介绍单个天线的基本参数包括主瓣宽度，增益系数，极化特性，方 向性等。然后介绍和分析了边射阵，端射阵和均匀线性阵。阵列天线的方 向相乘性原理，随后使用了 MATLAB 仿真软件分别对二项阵，三角阵和 道尔夫切比雪夫阵模型进行了仿真。在综合对比了阵元的数量，间距，排 列方式后得出天线阵列辐射场的特性。 关键词 元天线；阵列天线；MATLAB 仿真；辐射方向图
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I
Research on Radiation Field of Antenna Array Abstract
With the rapid development of modern communication technology, wireless communication is more and more widely, more and more applications on the national defense construction, economic construction and people’s life and other fields. In the wireless communication system, it needs guiding wave energy which will come from the transmitter to the radio .The device which is used to radiation or receiving is known as the Antenna of radio waves. Antenna is an essential part of the wireless communications system. It requests the antenna to have the quite strong directive in the communication, especially in the point-to-point communications. It hopes that the antenna is able to radios in the direction with mainly energy. Single symmetrical antenna cannot satisfy this kind of request forever. Therefore, the array antenna is an important method to realizes this request. This paper first introduces the antenna is how to generate electromagnetic wave, and introduces several cases of radiation field. The basic parameters of next introduces the single antenna comprises a main lobe width, gain, polarization, direction. Then, it introduces and analyzes the direction of multiplicative principle and mathematical model of antenna array of antenna array, then using MATLAB simulation software on simulation Binomial array, Triangular array and Dolph-Tschebyscheff array for a sidelobe through comparison and reasoning factors control antenna array performance method of control parameter, finally embarks from the reality, put forward its own on array antenna and improve some of the views of its radiation performance Keywords - element antenna；array antenna；MATLAB；antenna pattern
II
目
录摘要 .........源自............................................................................................................ I Abstract .............................................................................................................. II 第 1 章 绪论 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 课题背景 ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究的现状 .................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 天线发展史 ........................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 算法成果 ............................................................................................ 4 1.2.3 阵列天线应用 .................................................................................... 5 1.3 本文的研究内容 ....................................................................................... 5 1.4 章节安排 ................................................................................................... 5 第 2 章 电磁场与电磁波 .................................................................................... 6 2.1 引言 ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2 电磁波的干涉与叠加 ............................................................................... 6 2.3 辐射场的三种情况 ................................................................................... 7 2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 10 第 3 章 天线的基本参数 .................................................................................. 11 3.1 引言 ......................................................................................................... 11 3.2 天线的分类 ............................................................................................. 11 3.3 天线方向图及相关参数 ......................................................................... 12 3.3.1 天线效率 .......................................................................................... 15 3.3.2 增益系数 .......................................................................................... 15 3.3.3 极化特性 .......................................................................................... 16 3.3.4 频带宽度 .......................................................................................... 16 3.3.5 输入阻抗 .......................................................................................... 16 3.3.6 有效长度 .......................................................................................... 17 3.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 17 第 4 章 阵列天线分析与仿真 .......................................................................... 18 4.1 引言 ......................................................................................................... 18 4.2 二元阵天线 ............................................................................................. 18 4.2.1 二元阵在 H 面内的方向性函数 ..................................................... 18 4.2.2 二元阵在 E 面内的方向性函数 ..................................................... 21 4.3 均匀直列天线分析 ................................................................................. 21 4.3.1 主瓣方向 .......................................................................................... 22 4.3.2 零辐射方向 ...................................................................................... 23 4.3.3 主瓣宽度 .......................................................................................... 23 III - -
随着现代通信技术的迅猛发展，无线通讯越来越广泛，越来越多的应 用于国防建设，经济建设以及人民的生活等领域。在无线通信系统中，需 要将来自发射机的导波能量转变为无线电波，用来辐射或接受无线电波的 装置称为天线。在通信过程中，特别是点对点的通信，要求天线具有相当 强的方向性，即希望天线能将绝大部分的能量集中向某一预定方向辐射。 阵列天线就是近代天线研究的一种方向，其研究催生了包括相控阵天线， 均匀直线列天线，智能天线等在无线通信，雷达，导航领域中广泛应用的 新型天线。而天线阵列辐射场的研究是其中很重要的一部分。 本文首先介绍天线是如何产生电磁波的，并介绍辐射场的几种情况。 接下来介绍单个天线的基本参数包括主瓣宽度，增益系数，极化特性，方 向性等。然后介绍和分析了边射阵，端射阵和均匀线性阵。阵列天线的方 向相乘性原理，随后使用了 MATLAB 仿真软件分别对二项阵，三角阵和 道尔夫切比雪夫阵模型进行了仿真。在综合对比了阵元的数量，间距，排 列方式后得出天线阵列辐射场的特性。 关键词 元天线；阵列天线；MATLAB 仿真；辐射方向图
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I
Research on Radiation Field of Antenna Array Abstract
With the rapid development of modern communication technology, wireless communication is more and more widely, more and more applications on the national defense construction, economic construction and people’s life and other fields. In the wireless communication system, it needs guiding wave energy which will come from the transmitter to the radio .The device which is used to radiation or receiving is known as the Antenna of radio waves. Antenna is an essential part of the wireless communications system. It requests the antenna to have the quite strong directive in the communication, especially in the point-to-point communications. It hopes that the antenna is able to radios in the direction with mainly energy. Single symmetrical antenna cannot satisfy this kind of request forever. Therefore, the array antenna is an important method to realizes this request. This paper first introduces the antenna is how to generate electromagnetic wave, and introduces several cases of radiation field. The basic parameters of next introduces the single antenna comprises a main lobe width, gain, polarization, direction. Then, it introduces and analyzes the direction of multiplicative principle and mathematical model of antenna array of antenna array, then using MATLAB simulation software on simulation Binomial array, Triangular array and Dolph-Tschebyscheff array for a sidelobe through comparison and reasoning factors control antenna array performance method of control parameter, finally embarks from the reality, put forward its own on array antenna and improve some of the views of its radiation performance Keywords - element antenna；array antenna；MATLAB；antenna pattern
II
目
录摘要 .........源自............................................................................................................ I Abstract .............................................................................................................. II 第 1 章 绪论 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 课题背景 ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究的现状 .................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 天线发展史 ........................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 算法成果 ............................................................................................ 4 1.2.3 阵列天线应用 .................................................................................... 5 1.3 本文的研究内容 ....................................................................................... 5 1.4 章节安排 ................................................................................................... 5 第 2 章 电磁场与电磁波 .................................................................................... 6 2.1 引言 ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2 电磁波的干涉与叠加 ............................................................................... 6 2.3 辐射场的三种情况 ................................................................................... 7 2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 10 第 3 章 天线的基本参数 .................................................................................. 11 3.1 引言 ......................................................................................................... 11 3.2 天线的分类 ............................................................................................. 11 3.3 天线方向图及相关参数 ......................................................................... 12 3.3.1 天线效率 .......................................................................................... 15 3.3.2 增益系数 .......................................................................................... 15 3.3.3 极化特性 .......................................................................................... 16 3.3.4 频带宽度 .......................................................................................... 16 3.3.5 输入阻抗 .......................................................................................... 16 3.3.6 有效长度 .......................................................................................... 17 3.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 17 第 4 章 阵列天线分析与仿真 .......................................................................... 18 4.1 引言 ......................................................................................................... 18 4.2 二元阵天线 ............................................................................................. 18 4.2.1 二元阵在 H 面内的方向性函数 ..................................................... 18 4.2.2 二元阵在 E 面内的方向性函数 ..................................................... 21 4.3 均匀直列天线分析 ................................................................................. 21 4.3.1 主瓣方向 .......................................................................................... 22 4.3.2 零辐射方向 ...................................................................................... 23 4.3.3 主瓣宽度 .......................................................................................... 23 III - -