第4讲英汉语言的对比
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12.Do concerts
给 ….化来自百度文库 做头发 剪指甲 打扫房间 供应鱼 招待客人 时速达到120英里 供给饭食 吃午饭 去看电影 参观一座塔 参观博物馆 去听音乐会
1.They do fish very well in that restaurant. 那家饭店鱼做的特别好吃。
2.Have you done your teeth? 你刷牙了吗？
2. I am a teacher. • 我是老师
3. Three days later there came another heavy snowstorm.
• 三天后这里又下了一场大暴风雪。
4. This pudding is not bad, but a little too heavy. • 这块布丁不错，就是稍微腻了点。
自从五月份创造了这个记录以来，人们一直认为
它是很容易被打破的。
3. The landing must be super-soft, made at a velocity of 18 miles or so an hour.
这次软着陆一定是超级软着陆，即着陆的飞行速度 在每小时 18英里左右。
4. Marijuana(大麻) is usually regarded as a soft drug. • 大麻通常被看作是软性（毒性较轻的）麻醉毒品
– 气功
Ying and Yang ( The two opposing
principles in nature) Taijiquan （ a kind of traditional Chinese shadow boxing ） Qigong qigong （a system of deep breathing exercises ）
• 你是主人，我听从你的吩咐（ 仆人）
Some words& terms
定语从句 先行词 修饰 词序 重新调整 系动词
attributive clause antecedent modify order ( position, sequence ) of words rearrange link verbs ( be,become,get,seem,look
2. Did you at least total the guy that hit you? 对那个揍你的家伙，你至少已经向他报复了吧？
More examples Man
– I am a man now.
– 我现在已长大成人了（ 男子汉）
– Any man can do it.
– 任何人都能做这件事。（不论性别、年龄）
第四讲 第三章
英汉语言对比
第一节 英汉词汇现象的对比
（1） No equivalents
采用音译加注的补偿翻译法
mascon beddo
物质聚积（mass concentration) （一种多用途）床 (bed with various functions)
Plumber
管子工 – 特工
阴阳 太极拳
3.2 定语的位置
order of attributives
英语
汉语
两个或以下的单 词作定语
Attributive adjectives 短语作定语
所修饰名词前
precede the nouns being modified 所修饰名词后
Collocation
• a fast car • the fast growth • fast music • a fast journey • fast color • a fast film • a fast oven • fast asleep • break one’s fast • stick fast in the mud
3.How can the car sustain so many people? • 这辆车怎么能承载这么多人？
4.He proposed leaving at once. • 他提议立即离开。
5.Joe proposed to Mary. • 乔向玛丽求婚了。
6.Man proposes, God disposes. • 谋事在人，成事在天。
In English attributive phrases and clauses usually follow the words being modified (antecedents), whereas in Chinese such phrases and clauses always precedes the words being
1.English and Chinese _d_i_ff_e_r_f_r_o_m__e_a_c_h other in collocation.
2. English word can be _w__id_e_l_y_u_s_e__d__ in collocation. 3. The translation should_b_e__a_d_j_u_sted to the Chinese
•割麦子 •切蛋糕 •剪指甲
1.Do one's make-up. 2.Do one’s hair 3.Do one’s nails 4.Do the room 5.Do fish 6.Do guests 7.Do 120 mph. 8.Do food 9.Do lunch. 10.Do a movie. 11.Do a tower 12.Do a museum
– The rights of man should be respected.
– 人权应该得到尊重（ 人类）
– You can stay in the same room if you are man and wife.
– 如果你们是夫妻你可以同居一室。
– You are the master and I am the man.
（2） 英语中许多词一词多义，与汉语中几个不同 词、词组对应。 One word with multiple
equivalents ——of different meanings
1. A soft aboveground launching site 2. 无坚固掩体的地面发射基地。
2. The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May.
III. Word Order 词序方面
3.1 主谓宾/主系表
3.2 定 语 （ attribute ) 3.3 状语 ( adverbial )
三. 词序方面 ( word order ) I. Different word order in English and Chinese. II. In the practice of English Chinese translation, we
_c_o_rr_e_c_t to people who have spoken the language
all their lives 1.淡茶 （ weak , feeble )
weak tea
In the phrase ‘weak tea ', ‘weak' is a collocation of ‘tea ' and ‘feeble' would not sound natural.
软枕 靠垫 轻柔的音乐 软木 和风 不含酒精的饮料 纸币 柔光 低声 文火
11. soft hat 12.soft answer 13.soft heart 14.soft words 15.soft goods 16. soft water
呢帽 委婉的回答 易感动之心 和蔼动听的话 毛织品 软水（ 不含矿物盐类的水）
2. 浓茶 ( strong, thick )
strong tea
3. 今早车辆很多 （ 不多）。
There was heavy/ light traffic on the roads this
morning.
• 英汉搭配的差异 The difference between English and Chinese language in collocations
• 速度很快的车 • 迅速发展 • 节奏快的音乐 • 行程紧凑的一次旅行 • 不易褪掉的颜色 • 快速感光胶卷 • 烤箱 • 熟睡的 • 开斋 • 牢牢地陷在泥巴里
1.There isn’t enough food to sustain his life. • 没有足够的食物来维持他的生命。
2. The conversation sustained for hours. • 谈话持续了好几个小时。
3.1 主谓宾/主系表 主-动-宾 （SVO，_S_u_b_j_e_c_t+__V_e_rb__+__O_b_j_e_ct____ ）
主系表 (SVP，__S_u_bj_e_c_t+__L_in_k_._V_+__P_r_ed_i_c_at_iv_e_ ）
1. He passed the exam. • 他通过了考试
way of expression.
Collocation
Wear • Wear clothes • Wear glasses • Wear perfumes • Wear ties
穿衣服 戴眼镜 •搽香水 •系领带
Cut
• To cut wheat • To cut cake • To cut finger-nails
一词多义，翻译时根据上下文和前后的逻辑联系确 定其意义。
1.A earlier POW returnee was given a new Ford by a Denver dealer and totaled it the next month.
早些时候回国的一名战俘从丹佛的一个经销商处 弄到了一辆崭新的考文特牌汽车，一个月后，这辆 车就撞得无法修理了。
3.Have you done the British Museum yet? 你参观过大英博物馆吗？
4.We did the journey in six hours? 我们用了六个小时完成了这段旅程。
5.He did his guests well. 他对客人招待的很周到。
6.That shopkeeper did me. 那位店员接待的我。
often III. have to adjust or rearrange the word order on account
of the IV. different syntax（句法） of these two languages. V. e.g. That’s the best hotel I know . 这是我所知道的做好旅馆。
5. At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention. We should not take action.
在目前，关于敌人的意图还只有不太充分的情报， 我们不能鲁莽行事。
试译下列短语 1.soft pillow 2. soft cushion 3. soft music 4. soft wood 5. soft breeze 6. soft drink 7. soft money 8. soft light 9.soft voice 10. soft fire
Modifier
Restrictive attributive clause
• 二. 词的搭配 （ Collocation ） A word or phrase which is__f_r_e_q_u_e_n_tly used with
another word or phrase, in a way that sounds
表语
predicative
谓语
predicate
在…之前
precede
前置
preposition / prepose
后置，后置词 postposition / popstpose
Antecedent being modified
That’s the best hotel I know . 这是我所知道的做好旅馆。
给 ….化来自百度文库 做头发 剪指甲 打扫房间 供应鱼 招待客人 时速达到120英里 供给饭食 吃午饭 去看电影 参观一座塔 参观博物馆 去听音乐会
1.They do fish very well in that restaurant. 那家饭店鱼做的特别好吃。
2.Have you done your teeth? 你刷牙了吗？
2. I am a teacher. • 我是老师
3. Three days later there came another heavy snowstorm.
• 三天后这里又下了一场大暴风雪。
4. This pudding is not bad, but a little too heavy. • 这块布丁不错，就是稍微腻了点。
自从五月份创造了这个记录以来，人们一直认为
它是很容易被打破的。
3. The landing must be super-soft, made at a velocity of 18 miles or so an hour.
这次软着陆一定是超级软着陆，即着陆的飞行速度 在每小时 18英里左右。
4. Marijuana(大麻) is usually regarded as a soft drug. • 大麻通常被看作是软性（毒性较轻的）麻醉毒品
– 气功
Ying and Yang ( The two opposing
principles in nature) Taijiquan （ a kind of traditional Chinese shadow boxing ） Qigong qigong （a system of deep breathing exercises ）
• 你是主人，我听从你的吩咐（ 仆人）
Some words& terms
定语从句 先行词 修饰 词序 重新调整 系动词
attributive clause antecedent modify order ( position, sequence ) of words rearrange link verbs ( be,become,get,seem,look
2. Did you at least total the guy that hit you? 对那个揍你的家伙，你至少已经向他报复了吧？
More examples Man
– I am a man now.
– 我现在已长大成人了（ 男子汉）
– Any man can do it.
– 任何人都能做这件事。（不论性别、年龄）
第四讲 第三章
英汉语言对比
第一节 英汉词汇现象的对比
（1） No equivalents
采用音译加注的补偿翻译法
mascon beddo
物质聚积（mass concentration) （一种多用途）床 (bed with various functions)
Plumber
管子工 – 特工
阴阳 太极拳
3.2 定语的位置
order of attributives
英语
汉语
两个或以下的单 词作定语
Attributive adjectives 短语作定语
所修饰名词前
precede the nouns being modified 所修饰名词后
Collocation
• a fast car • the fast growth • fast music • a fast journey • fast color • a fast film • a fast oven • fast asleep • break one’s fast • stick fast in the mud
3.How can the car sustain so many people? • 这辆车怎么能承载这么多人？
4.He proposed leaving at once. • 他提议立即离开。
5.Joe proposed to Mary. • 乔向玛丽求婚了。
6.Man proposes, God disposes. • 谋事在人，成事在天。
In English attributive phrases and clauses usually follow the words being modified (antecedents), whereas in Chinese such phrases and clauses always precedes the words being
1.English and Chinese _d_i_ff_e_r_f_r_o_m__e_a_c_h other in collocation.
2. English word can be _w__id_e_l_y_u_s_e__d__ in collocation. 3. The translation should_b_e__a_d_j_u_sted to the Chinese
•割麦子 •切蛋糕 •剪指甲
1.Do one's make-up. 2.Do one’s hair 3.Do one’s nails 4.Do the room 5.Do fish 6.Do guests 7.Do 120 mph. 8.Do food 9.Do lunch. 10.Do a movie. 11.Do a tower 12.Do a museum
– The rights of man should be respected.
– 人权应该得到尊重（ 人类）
– You can stay in the same room if you are man and wife.
– 如果你们是夫妻你可以同居一室。
– You are the master and I am the man.
（2） 英语中许多词一词多义，与汉语中几个不同 词、词组对应。 One word with multiple
equivalents ——of different meanings
1. A soft aboveground launching site 2. 无坚固掩体的地面发射基地。
2. The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May.
III. Word Order 词序方面
3.1 主谓宾/主系表
3.2 定 语 （ attribute ) 3.3 状语 ( adverbial )
三. 词序方面 ( word order ) I. Different word order in English and Chinese. II. In the practice of English Chinese translation, we
_c_o_rr_e_c_t to people who have spoken the language
all their lives 1.淡茶 （ weak , feeble )
weak tea
In the phrase ‘weak tea ', ‘weak' is a collocation of ‘tea ' and ‘feeble' would not sound natural.
软枕 靠垫 轻柔的音乐 软木 和风 不含酒精的饮料 纸币 柔光 低声 文火
11. soft hat 12.soft answer 13.soft heart 14.soft words 15.soft goods 16. soft water
呢帽 委婉的回答 易感动之心 和蔼动听的话 毛织品 软水（ 不含矿物盐类的水）
2. 浓茶 ( strong, thick )
strong tea
3. 今早车辆很多 （ 不多）。
There was heavy/ light traffic on the roads this
morning.
• 英汉搭配的差异 The difference between English and Chinese language in collocations
• 速度很快的车 • 迅速发展 • 节奏快的音乐 • 行程紧凑的一次旅行 • 不易褪掉的颜色 • 快速感光胶卷 • 烤箱 • 熟睡的 • 开斋 • 牢牢地陷在泥巴里
1.There isn’t enough food to sustain his life. • 没有足够的食物来维持他的生命。
2. The conversation sustained for hours. • 谈话持续了好几个小时。
3.1 主谓宾/主系表 主-动-宾 （SVO，_S_u_b_j_e_c_t+__V_e_rb__+__O_b_j_e_ct____ ）
主系表 (SVP，__S_u_bj_e_c_t+__L_in_k_._V_+__P_r_ed_i_c_at_iv_e_ ）
1. He passed the exam. • 他通过了考试
way of expression.
Collocation
Wear • Wear clothes • Wear glasses • Wear perfumes • Wear ties
穿衣服 戴眼镜 •搽香水 •系领带
Cut
• To cut wheat • To cut cake • To cut finger-nails
一词多义，翻译时根据上下文和前后的逻辑联系确 定其意义。
1.A earlier POW returnee was given a new Ford by a Denver dealer and totaled it the next month.
早些时候回国的一名战俘从丹佛的一个经销商处 弄到了一辆崭新的考文特牌汽车，一个月后，这辆 车就撞得无法修理了。
3.Have you done the British Museum yet? 你参观过大英博物馆吗？
4.We did the journey in six hours? 我们用了六个小时完成了这段旅程。
5.He did his guests well. 他对客人招待的很周到。
6.That shopkeeper did me. 那位店员接待的我。
often III. have to adjust or rearrange the word order on account
of the IV. different syntax（句法） of these two languages. V. e.g. That’s the best hotel I know . 这是我所知道的做好旅馆。
5. At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention. We should not take action.
在目前，关于敌人的意图还只有不太充分的情报， 我们不能鲁莽行事。
试译下列短语 1.soft pillow 2. soft cushion 3. soft music 4. soft wood 5. soft breeze 6. soft drink 7. soft money 8. soft light 9.soft voice 10. soft fire
Modifier
Restrictive attributive clause
• 二. 词的搭配 （ Collocation ） A word or phrase which is__f_r_e_q_u_e_n_tly used with
another word or phrase, in a way that sounds
表语
predicative
谓语
predicate
在…之前
precede
前置
preposition / prepose
后置，后置词 postposition / popstpose
Antecedent being modified
That’s the best hotel I know . 这是我所知道的做好旅馆。