《劳动经济学》第09章在线测试

《劳动经济学》第07章在线测试

《劳动经济学》第07章在线测试《劳动经济学》第07章在线测试剩余时间：56:54答题须知：1、本卷满分20分。

2、答完题后，请一定要单击下面的“交卷”按钮交卷，否则无法记录本试卷的成绩。

3、在交卷之前，不要刷新本网页，否则你的答题结果将会被清空。

第一题、单项选择题（每题1分，5道题共5分）1、由于雇主歧视的存在，所以完全竞争劳动力市场上，有歧视雇主的利润会变得（）。

A、增加B、减少C、不变D、无法判断2、具有相同的可测量生产性特征的人，由于归属于不同的群体而受到不同的对待，称为（）。

A、雇主歧视B、雇员歧视C、工资歧视D、统计性歧视3、一个就业群体对另一个就业群体的歧视是( )。

A、雇主歧视B、顾客歧视C、雇员歧视D、统计性歧视4、雇主在利用某个群体的典型特征作为雇用标准时，就会产生（）。

A、顾客歧视B、雇员歧视C、统计性歧视D、性别歧视5、从长期来看，完全竞争劳动力市场倾向（）歧视。

A、增加B、蔑视C、消除D、不变第二题、多项选择题（每题2分，5道题共10分）1、个人偏见理论把歧视按产生这种偏见的来源分为（）。

A、工资歧视B、雇主歧视C、顾客歧视D、职业歧视E、雇员歧视2、垄断力量所产生的歧视理论包括（）。

A、拥挤效应B、个人偏见C、二元劳动力市场模型D、顾客歧视E、统计性歧视3、歧视的表现形式有（）。

A、工资收入歧视B、就业歧视C、职业歧视D、人力资本投资歧视E、立法歧视4、按照歧视产生的来源不同，存在（）几种理论。

A、职业歧视B、个人偏见歧视C、垄断力量模型D、统计性歧视E、工资歧视5、自由竞争市场上，歧视主要表现为（）。

A、个人偏见歧视B、工资歧视C、、职业歧视D、统计性歧视正确错误、同一群体中的每一成员之间的相似性越差，则运用群体信息作为甑选工具所带来的成本就越高。

正确错误、双重劳动力市场是完全竞争劳动力市场上的歧视模型。

正确错误、完全竞争的劳动力市场上，由于雇主对劳动者持有偏见而雇佣自己喜爱的劳动力群体，所以会带来更高的利润。

电子科大18秋《劳动经济学》在线作业3

(单选题) 1: 下列选项中，属于延期支付方式的是（）A: 带薪休假B: 免费工作午餐C: 折价优惠商品D: 失业保险正确答案:(单选题) 2: 下列哪个选项属于垄断力量造成的市场歧视？( )A: 男雇员不愿意在妇女领导下工作B: 企业以5分钟打字测试为依据，拒绝得分低于55分的所有申请者C: 雇主由于既定偏好，不愿意雇佣女性D: 二元劳动力市场正确答案:(单选题) 3: 长期劳动力需求曲线比短期需求曲线的弹性和形状( )A: 大，陡峭B: 大，平缓C: 小，陡峭D: 小，平缓正确答案:(单选题) 4: 文体明星的高收入属于( )。

A: 补偿性B: 竞争性C: 平均性D: 垄断性正确答案:(单选题) 5: 认为“失业问题可依靠市场的自我调节得到解决”的经济学家是（）A: 亚当·斯密B: 李嘉图C: 萨伊D: 凯恩斯正确答案:(单选题) 6: 等成本线的斜率等于( )A: 劳动和资本的边际产品之比B: 劳动和资本的数量之比C: 劳动和资本的相对价格比D: 工资率正确答案:(单选题) 7: ES>1是表示劳动力供给弹性如何？( )A: 供给无弹性B: 供给有无限弹性C: 供给缺乏弹性D: 供给富有弹性正确答案:(单选题) 8: 下面哪一因素，不是确定工资水平的因素（）。

A: 劳动者个人家庭所需的生活费用B: 同工同酬的原则C: 企业的支付工资能力D: 劳动者消费水平的差异性正确答案:(单选题) 9: 下列关于边际技术替代率的说法，不正确的有( )A: 边际技术替代率是劳动投入和资本投入相互替代的比率B: 边际技术替代率数值为正C: 边际技术替代率是等产量线的斜率D: 边际技术替代率等于可变投入要素的边际产品之比正确答案:(单选题) 10: 个人劳动力供给曲线是( )的。

A: 向前弯曲B: 向后弯曲C: 从左下向右上倾斜D: 从左上向右下倾斜正确答案:(单选题) 11: 工资率变动对劳动力需求的影响包括（）A: 规模效应和收入效应B: 规模效应和替代效应C: 收入效应和替代效应D: 收入效应和边际效应正确答案:(单选题) 12: 下列哪个选项属于延期支付？( )A: 小时工资B: 养老金C: 住房D: 免费午餐正确答案:(单选题) 13: 一般情况下，实际工资水平总是_______货币工资水平。

《劳动经济学》结课考试试题及答案

《劳动经济学》结课考试试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共35道小题，总分值70分）1.个体工作决策中，收入约束线的斜率是（）。

（2分）A.主体保持相同效用的边际替代率B.工作时间C.工资率D.余暇时间正确答案：C2.一个就业群体对另一个就业群体的歧视是（）。

（2分）A.雇主歧视B.顾客歧视C.雇员歧视D.统计性歧视正确答案：C3.美国经济学家（）提出了发展中国家存在着二元经济结构。

（2分）A.拉尼斯B.费景汉C.舒尔茨D.刘易斯正确答案：D4.下列对劳动力参与率的变动表述正确的是（）。

（2分）A.其他因素不变，高等教育供给规模变大，青年劳动力参与率上升B.其他因素不变，复杂劳动报酬增加，劳动力参与率上升C.其他因素不变，居民家庭生产率提高，劳动力参与率上升D.其他因素不变，平均工资水平提高，劳动力参与率上升正确答案：D5.假设劳动力需求曲线不变，在居民家庭生产率下降的时候劳动力市场形成新的均衡，下列对新的均衡点的表述正确的是（）。

（2分）A.新的均衡工资＞原来的均衡工资，新的均衡就业量＞原来的均衡就业量B.新的均衡工资＜原来的均衡工资，新的均衡就业量＜原来的均衡就业量C.新的均衡工资＞原来的均衡工资，新的均衡就业量＜原来的均衡就业量D.新的均衡工资＜原来的均衡工资，新的均衡就业量＞原来的均衡就业量正确答案：D6.劳动力供给与劳动力需求通过竞争达到均衡时，将导致（）。

（2分）A.劳动力供给过剩B.劳动力需求过剩C.充分就业D.劳动力需求不足正确答案：C7.我国所有的经济资源都是稀缺的，但（）是相对过剩的。

（2分）A.土地资源B.劳动力资源C.矿产资源D.设备资源正确答案：B8.长期成本曲线是资本和劳动投入都可变动时，若干短期平均成本的（）的连辍轨迹。

（2分）A.最低点B.最高点C.相切点D.交点正确答案：A9.一种劳动力的需求量对其它要素或其它类别劳动力价格或工资的敏感程度称之为（）。

（2分）A.劳动力需求的自身工资弹性B.劳动力需求的点弹性C.劳动力需求的交叉工资弹性D.劳动力需求的弧弹性正确答案：C10.劳动经济学研究的核心对象是（）。

《劳动经济学》(作者Borjas)第九章习题答案

CHAPTER 99-1. Suppose a worker with an annual discount rate of 10 percent currently resides in Pennsylvania and is deciding whether to remain there or to move to Illinois. There are three work periods left in the life cycle. If the worker remains in Pennsylvania, he will earn $20,000 per year in each of the three periods. If the worker moves to Illinois, he will earn $22,000 in each of the three periods. What is the highest cost of migration that a worker is willing to incur and still make the move?The worker must compare the present value of staying in Pennsylvania to the present value of moving to Illinois. A worker will move if the present value of earnings in Illinois minus the costs of moving there exceed the present value of earnings in Pennsylvania:74.710,54$)1.1(000,201.1000,20000,202=++=PA PV and82.181,60$)1.1(000,221.1000,22000,222=++=IL PVThe worker will move, therefore, ifPV IL – C > PV PA ,where C denotes migration costs. Thus, the worker moves ifC < 60,181.82 - 54,710.74 = $5,471.089-2. Nick and Jane are married. They currently reside in Minnesota. Nick’s present value oflifetime earnings in his current employment is $300,000, and Jane’s present value is $200,000. They are contemplating moving to Texas, where each of them would earn a lifetime income of $260,000. The couple’s cost of moving is $10,000. In addition, Nick very much prefers the climate in Texas to that in Minnesota, and he figures that the change in climate is worth an additional $2,000 to him. Jane, on the other hand, prefers Minnesota’s frigid winters, so she figures she would be $2,000 worse off because of Texas’s blistering summers. Should they move to Texas?Yes. The “climatic” aspects of the move exactly balance each other, so we should not take them into account. On the monetary side, the sum of Nick’s and Jane’s lifetime present value of earnings inMinnesota is $500,000. The corresponding amount in Texas will be $520,000. The difference between the two ($20,000) exceeds the cost of moving ($10,000), so the move will make the couple jointly better off.9-3. Mickey and Minnie live in Orlando. Mickey’s net present value of lifetime earnings in Orlando is $125,000. Minnie’s net present value of lifetime earnings in Orlando is $500,000. The cost of moving to Atlanta is $25,000 per person. In Atlanta, Mickey’s net present value of lifetime earnings would be $155,000, and Minnie’s net present value of lifetime earnings would be $510,000. If Mickey and Minnie choose where to live based on their joint well-being, will they move to Atlanta? Is Mickey a tied-mover or a tied-stayer or neither? Is Minnie a tied-mover or a tied-stayer or neither?As a couple, the net present value of lifetime earnings of staying in Orlando is $500,000 + $125,000 = $625,000 and of moving to Atlanta is $510,000 + $155,000 – $50,000 = $615,000. Thus, as a couple, they would choose to stay in Orlando. Thus, there can only be a tied-stayer. (There cannot be a tied-mover, because the couple is not moving.)For Mickey, staying in Orlando is associated with a net present value of $125,000, while moving to Atlanta would yield a net present value of $155,000 – $25,000 = $130,000. So Mickey would choose to move to Atlanta. Therefore, Mickey is a tied-stayer.For Minnie, staying in Orlando is associated with a net present value of $500,000, while moving to Atlanta would yield a net present value of $510,000 –$25,000 = $485,000. So Minnie would choose to remain in Orlando. Thus, Minnie is not a tied-stayer.9-4. Suppose a worker’s skill is captured by his efficiency units of labor. The distribution of efficiency units in the population is such that worker 1 has 1 efficiency unit, worker 2 has 2 efficiency units, and so on. There are 100 workers in the population. In deciding whether to migrate to the United States, these workers compare their weekly earnings at home (w0) with their potential earnings in the United States (w1). The wage-skills relationship in each of the two countries is given by:w0 = 700 + 0.5s,andw1 = 670 + s,where s is the number of efficiency units the worker possesses.(a) Assume there are no migration costs. What is the average number of efficiency units among immigrants? Is the immigrant flow positively or negatively selected?The earnings-skills relationship in each country is illustrated in the figure below. The US line is steeper because the payoff to a unit of skills is higher in the United States. All workers who have at least 60 efficiency units will migrate to the United States. Therefore, there is positive selection and the average number of efficiency units in the immigrant flow is approximately 80 (the exact answer depends on whether the person with 60 efficiency units, who is indifferent between moving or not, moves to the United States).(b) Suppose it costs $10 to migrate to the United States. What is the average number of efficiency units among immigrants? Is the immigrant flow positively or negatively selected?If everyone incurs a cost of $10 to migrate to the United States, the U.S. wage-skill line drops by $10, and only those persons with more than 80 efficiency units will find it worthwhile to migrate. The immigrant flow is still positively selected and has, on average, 90 efficiency units.(c) What would happen to the selection that takes place if migration costs are not constant in the population, but are much higher for more skilled workers?If migration costs are much higher for skilled workers, it is possible that no skilled workers will find it worthwhile to migrate. We already know that even in the absence of migration costs no worker with fewer than 60 efficiency units finds it worthwhile to migrate. If highly skilled workers find it very costly to migrate it might be the case that there is no migration to the United States.Income700660809-5. Suppose the United States enacts legislation granting all workers, including newly arrived immigrants, a minimum income floor of y− dollars.(a) Generalize the Roy model to show how this type of welfare program influences incentive tomigrate to the United States. Ignore any issues regarding how the welfare program is to be funded.(b) Does this welfare program change the selection of the immigrant flow? In particular, are immigrants more likely to be negatively selected than in the absence of a welfare program?(c) Which types of workers, the highly skilled or the less skilled, are most likely to be attracted by the welfare program?U.S. Labor Market U.S. Labor MarketThe introduction of a wage floor in the United States (at y −) shifts the U.S. earnings-skill relationship to the bold line drawn in the figures. If the returns to skills are higher in the United States (left panel above), there are then two sets of workers who find it profitable to move: those who have very high skill levels (above s P ) as well as those workers who have very low skill levels (below s L ). In contrast, if the returns to skills are lower in the United States than in the country of origin (the right panel above), the introduction of the welfare program does not change the incentives to migrate for any worker (although the incentives of some workers would change if the wage floor was high enough). The welfare program, therefore, acts as a welfare magnet for workers originating in countries that generate “brain drains”, but not in countries where unskilled workers have incentives to migrate even in the absence of wage floors.α αL P Dollars αN y −α9-6. The immigration surplus, though seemingly small in the United States, redistributes wealth from workers to firms. Present a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the losses accruing to native workers and of the gains accruing to firms. Do these calculations help explain why some segments of society are emotional in their support of changes in immigration policy that would either increase or decrease the immigrant flow?The total loss in earnings experienced by workers in the United States is given by the rectangle w 0 B F w 1 in Figure 9-11. The area of this rectangle is given by:Loss to Native Workers = (w 1 - w 0) × N .We can calculate the loss to native workers as a fraction of GDP by dividing both sides by Q (national income). If we do this and rearrange terms we obtain:MN N Q M N w w w w Q +×+×−=)( Workers Native to Loss 0001.Thus, the native loss (as a fraction of GDP) equals the percentage change in the native wage caused by immigration times labor’s share of national income times the fraction of the labor force that is native born. If we continue the numerical example in the text, this calculation yields: (-.03) × (.7) × (.9) = -1.89percent of GDP. As national income is on the order of $11 trillion, the loss suffered by native workers is on the order of $208 billion. Capitalists receive this income plus the immigration surplus of $11 billion (see the text), for a total gain of about $219 billion (about 2 percent of GDP).Even though the net benefits from immigration are small, particular groups in the United States either gain or lose substantially from immigration. This explains why the debate over immigration policy is often polarized.9-7. In the absence of any legal barriers on immigration from Neolandia to the United States, the economic conditions in the two countries generate an immigrant flow that is negatively selected. In response, the United States enacts an immigration policy that restricts entry to Neolandians who are in the top 10 percent of Neolandia’s skill distribution. What type of Neolandian would now migrate to the United States?No one would migrate from Neolandia. The policy does not change the cost-benefit analysis for the most skilled Neolandians. They did not want to migrate when they could enter the country freely, and they still will not want to migrate when they are the only ones who can obtain visas. The lesson is that changes in immigration policy affect the skill composition of the immigrant flow only if changes target immigrants who wished to migrate to the United States in the first place.9-8. Labor demand for low-skilled workers in the United States is w = 24 – 0.1E where E is the number of workers (in millions) and w is the hourly wage. There are 120 million domestic U.S. low-skilled workers who supply labor inelastically. If the U.S. opened its borders to immigration, 20 million low-skill immigrants would enter the U.S. and supply labor inelastically. What is the market-clearing wage if immigration is not allowed? What is the market-clearing wage with open borders? How much is the immigration surplus when the U.S. opens its borders? How much surplus is transferred from domestic workers to domestic firms?Without immigration, the market-clearing wage is $12, at which all 120 million low-skill U.S. workers are employed. With immigration, the market-clearing wage is $10, at which all 120 million low-skill U.S. workers and all 20 million immigrants are employed. The additional surplus received by the U.S. because of the immigration equals ($12 – $10) (140m – 120m) / 2 = $20 million. The total transfer from U.S. workers to U.S. firms because of the immigration equals ($12 – $10) (120m) = $240 million.9-9. A country has two regions, the North and the South, which are identical in all respects except the hourly wage and the number of workers. The demand for labor in each region is:w N = $20 – .5E N and w S = $20 – .5E S,where E N and E S are millions of workers. Currently there are 6 million workers in the North and 18 million workers in the South.(a) What is the wage in each region?The wage in the North is $20 – .5 (6) = $17. The wage in the South is $20 – .5 (18) = $11.(b) If there were no shocks to the economy, migration over time will result in an equalization of wages and employment. What would be the long-run wage and employment level in each region?As labor demand is the same in both regions and workers are identical in their preferences, half of the workers will locate in each region in the long-run. Thus, 12 million workers will work in each region, and the hourly wage will be $14.(c) Return to the original set-up where there are 6 million workers in the North and 18 million workers in the South. As a policy maker, you decide not only to allow 2 million immigrants of working age to enter your country, but you have the authority to resettle the immigrants wherever you want. How should you distribute immigrants across the regions to maximize the country’s immigration surplus? Besides maximizing the immigration surplus in the short-run, in what other ways does your distribution of immigrants help the economy?Let I N and I S be the number of immigrants (in millions) placed in the North and in the South respectively, so that I N + I S = 2. After immigration, the new wages are:w N = $17 – .5I N and w S = $11 – .5I Sand the immigrant surpluses are:S N = 0.25(I N)2 and S S = .25(I S)2.Using that I N + I S = 2, therefore, the total immigrant surplus isS = 0.25(I N)2 + 0.25(2–I N)2 = 1 – I N + .5(I N)2.One can use calculus to solve for the optimal value for I N, but be aware that S is U-shaped, so setting the first order conditions to 0 solves for a minimum. Rather, use Excel to plot S. The data are:I N S I N S I N S I N S0.001.000.05 0.95 0.55 0.60 1.05 0.50 1.55 0.650.10 0.91 0.60 0.58 1.10 0.51 1.60 0.680.15 0.86 0.65 0.56 1.15 0.51 1.65 0.710.20 0.82 0.70 0.55 1.20 0.52 1.70 0.750.25 0.78 0.75 0.53 1.25 0.53 1.75 0.780.30 0.75 0.80 0.52 1.30 0.55 1.80 0.820.35 0.71 0.85 0.51 1.35 0.56 1.85 0.860.40 0.68 0.90 0.51 1.40 0.58 1.90 0.910.45 0.65 0.95 0.50 1.45 0.60 1.95 0.950.50 0.63 1.00 0.50 1.50 0.63 2.00 1.00 Thus, the immigrant surplus is maximized by placing all 2 million immigrants in either of the regions. It would be best, however, to place them all in the high wage region, as this will lead to a faster equalization of wages and saves natives the trouble and costs of moving.9-10. Phil has two periods of work remaining prior to retirement. He is currently employed in a firm that pays him the value of his marginal product, $50,000 per period. There are many other firms that Phil could potentially work for. There is a 50 percent chance of Phil being a good match for any particular firm, and a 50 percent chance of him being a bad match. If he is in a good match, the value of his marginal product is $56,000 per period. If he is in a bad match, the value of his marginal product is $40,000 per period. If Phil quits his job, he can immediately find employment with any of the alternative firms. It takes one period to discover whether Phil is a good or a bad match with a particular firm. In that first period, while Phil’s value to the firm is uncertain, he is offered a wage of $48,000. After the value of the match is determined, Phil is offered a wage equal to the value of his marginal product in that firm. When offered that wage, Phil is free to (a) accept;(b) reject and try some other firm; or (c) return to his original firm and his original wage. Phil maximizes the present value of his expected lifetime earnings, and his discount rate is 10 percent. What should Phil do?Phil makes decisions at the beginning of each period, and there are a variety of choices at each of these times. To reduce the number of strategies that require the numerical calculation of the expected outcome, first discard unreasonable choices. In particular, if Phil does not quit his job in period 1, he should not do so in period 2. After all, his second-period wage in a new job will be lower than in the old job, and there is no third period. Similarly, if he tries a new job in period 1 and is found to be a bad match, he should return to the old job. After all, the old job pays a higher wage than what Phil’s current employer is willing to pay and what another new firm would offer him. Finally, if he tries a new job and is found to be a good match, he should certainly accept their offer. In the end, Phil only has two potentially viable strategies.Strategy one: Keep the old job in both periods. The earnings path associated with this choice is flat and deterministic – Phil earns $50,000 in each period. The present discounted value of the outcome of this strategy is PV1 = 50,000 + 50,000/1.1 = $95,455.Strategy two: Try a new job. If it is a good match, keep it. If it is a bad match, return to the old job. If Phil adopts this strategy, he will earn $48,000 in period 1. In period 2, he will earn either $56,000 or $50,000, each with probability ½. The expected present discounted value of the outcome of that strategy is PV2 = 48,000 + ((½× 56,000) + (½ × 50,000))/1.1 = $96,182.As the second strategy generates a higher present value, this is the strategy Phil adopts.9-11. Under the recently enacted 2001 tax legislation in the United States, all income tax filers can now deduct from their total income half of their expenses incurred when moving more than 50 miles to accept a new job. Prior to the change, only tax filers who itemized their deductions were allowed to deduct their moving expenses. (Typically, homeowners itemize their deductions and renters do not itemize.) How would this change in the tax bill likely affect the mobility of homeowners and renters?The policy change has no affect on homeowners, whereas the policy change reduces the cost of moving for renters. Therefore, the policy is predicted to increase the mobility of renters.。

劳动经济学试题及答案

劳动经济学试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 劳动经济学研究的核心问题是（）。

A. 劳动力的供给与需求B. 劳动生产率C. 劳动关系D. 劳动法规2. 劳动经济学中的“劳动”指的是（）。

A. 体力劳动B. 脑力劳动C. 任何形式的劳动D. 有偿劳动3. 劳动经济学中的“边际生产率”是指（）。

A. 增加一个单位的劳动投入所增加的产量B. 减少一个单位的劳动投入所减少的产量C. 增加一个单位的劳动投入所减少的产量D. 减少一个单位的劳动投入所增加的产量4. 劳动经济学中，劳动力市场均衡是指（）。

A. 劳动力供给等于劳动力需求B. 工资水平等于劳动生产率C. 劳动力供给大于劳动力需求D. 劳动力需求大于劳动力供给5. 劳动经济学中，劳动供给曲线通常呈现（）。

A. 正U型B. 倒U型C. 正斜率D. 负斜率6. 劳动经济学中，劳动需求曲线通常呈现（）。

A. 正斜率B. 负斜率C. 水平线D. 垂直线7. 劳动经济学中，工资水平的决定因素不包括（）。

A. 劳动生产率B. 劳动供给C. 劳动需求D. 劳动者的个人偏好8. 劳动经济学中，劳动参与率是指（）。

A. 劳动年龄人口中就业人数的比例B. 劳动年龄人口中失业人数的比例C. 劳动年龄人口中不参与劳动的人数比例D. 劳动年龄人口中退休人数的比例9. 劳动经济学中，劳动生产率的提高通常会导致（）。

A. 工资水平下降B. 工资水平上升C. 工资水平不变D. 工资水平先上升后下降10. 劳动经济学中，劳动市场的不完全竞争可能导致（）。

A. 工资水平过高B. 工资水平过低C. 工资水平与劳动生产率无关D. 工资水平与劳动生产率成正比二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 劳动经济学的研究内容主要包括（）。

A. 劳动供给B. 劳动需求C. 劳动力市场D. 劳动政策2. 劳动经济学中，影响劳动供给的因素包括（）。

A. 工资水平B. 劳动时间C. 劳动技能D. 劳动偏好3. 劳动经济学中，影响劳动需求的因素包括（）。

《劳动经济学》第08章在线测试

《劳动经济学》第08章在线测试
A B
C D
、下列关于基尼系数的论述中，不正确的是（
A
B
围的面积除以完全平等曲线下的面积
C D
、下列关于差别倍数的说法不正确的是（
A、指个人或家庭的最高收入与最低收入之间的比例B
C D
、下列不属于库兹涅次倒
A、到达经济充分发展的阶段，收入分配将趋于平等
B
济发展而趋于不平等
C、在经济未充分发展的阶段之后，经济收入分配暂时无大变化的时期
D 等
A B C D
C、0.3—0.4表示相对合理
D、0.4—0.5表示收入差距较大
E、0.6以上表示收入差距悬殊
2、中国收入差距的类型有（）。

A、城镇内部
B、农村内部
C、城乡之间
D、年龄之间
E、地区之间
3、国际收入差距扩大的原因有（）。

A、产业结构的变动
B、对技术劳动力需求的增长
C、通货膨胀
D、经济周期性变动
E、国际贸易和工会主义
4、中国收入差距扩大的原因有（）。

A、非国有部门的快速发展
B、中国企业改革与改制
C、行业垄断
D、地区工资差别
E、地区经济增长速度
5、对个人收入差距的衡量方法有（）。

A、差别倍数
B、洛伦兹曲线
正确错误、基尼系数的值越小，表明社会总收入的分配越不平均。

正确错误、所有国家的收入分配变化都符合库兹涅次的倒
正确错误、我国企业内部分配体制的改变引起了职工之间收入差距的上升。

正确错误、差别倍数用来反映居民收入极值之间的相对差距。

正确错误。

2020-2021大学《劳动经济学》期末课程考试试卷B(含答案)

2020-2021《劳动经济学》期末课程考试试卷B一、单项选择题(本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.劳动资源稀缺性的本质表现是( )A.相对稀缺性B.绝对稀缺性C.普遍稀缺性D.支付能力与支付手段的稀缺性2．用规范研究方法研究经济现象的出发点和归宿是( )A．客观事实 B.价值判断C.经济现象自身的运动规律D.经济现象运动的内在逻辑3. 如果某种劳动力需求的工资弹性大于l，说明该劳动力需求弹性是( )A.无弹性B.无限弹性C.富有弹性D.缺乏弹性4.劳动力供给完全没有弹性时，其劳动力供给曲线( )A.较为陡峭B.较为平坦C.与横轴垂直D.与横轴平行5．引起劳动力供给量变动的最重要的因素是（）A．生产技术革新 B．资本规模变化C．市场工资率变动D．企业经营范围变动6.下列对无差异曲线的特征表述正确的是( )A.离原点越远的无差异曲线所表示的效用越低B.同一平面上任意两条无差异曲线不会相交C.无差异曲线斜率为正值、凸向原点D.即使主体偏好不同，无差异曲线的形状也不会有区别7．个人劳动力供给曲线与其他供给曲线存在明显区别，即“向后弯曲”。

造成这种结果的主要原因是（）A．收入效应大于替代效应 B．收入效应小于替代效应C．总互补关系D．总替代关系8.在市场经济中，劳动力供给的决策主体是( )A.劳动者家庭或个人B.政府或公共部门C.行业工会D.企业或雇主9.世界上大多数国家将年龄在下列哪个区间的人口定义为劳动年龄人口？( )A.16－55岁B.16－60岁C.18－55岁D.18－60岁10.衡量、测度人口参与社会劳动程度的指标是( )A.就业率B.失业率C.劳动力供给弹性D.劳动力参与率11.劳动的边际产量是指( )A.增加一个单位的劳动要素投入而增加的产量B.增加一个单位的劳动要素投入而增加的收入C.增加一个单位的劳动要素投入而增加的产品价值D.增加一个单位的劳动要素投入而增加的工资投入12.下列哪个公式表述是正确的？( )A.MRP=MR•PB.MR=MRP•MPC.MR=MRP•PD.MRP=MR•MP13.劳动力买方独家垄断厂商实现利润最大化的原则是( )A.MRPL＜MELB.MRPL=MELC.MRPL＞MELD.MRPL≥MEL14.人力资本投资报酬率是指人力资本投资预期收益的现值( )A.大于预期成本的现值时的折现率B.小于预期成本的现值时的折现率C.等于预期成本的现值时的折现率D.等于银行利息时的折现率15．从人力资本的特征来看，人力资本作为一种生产能力，其寓寄的载体是（）A．雇主 B．技术C．设备 D．劳动者16.其他条件不变，劳动力供给增加时，均衡工资率会( )A.上升B.不确定C.不变D.下降17.劳动力市场中，会使劳动力供给曲线右移的是( )A.工会组织控制劳动力供给的能力下降B.工人的组织程度增强C.工会的组织规模扩大D.企业优先雇佣工会会员18.产品市场的卖方垄断企业的特点是( )A.该产品市场有多个产品的提供者B.各厂商提供的产品具有同质性C.厂商不能决定商品的价格D.厂商出售的商品或服务没有近似的替代品19．企业经营中的“长期”的含义是（）A．仅资本投入可变B．劳动投入可变，资本投入不可变C．其他因素不变仅有劳动投入可变 D．所有生产要素都是可变的20．下列有关教育投资决策模型表述正确的是（）A．在其他条件不变时，教育的直接成本下降将刺激教育投资B．在其他条件不变时，教育的直接成本上升将刺激教育投资C．接受教育与不接受教育的收益差距缩小将刺激教育投资D．时间内生偏好率上升将刺激教育投资上升21.特殊培训的成本通常由_____支付。

《劳动经济学》第06章在线测试

《劳动经济学》第06章在线测试A BC D相同的劳动者从事危险岗位与不从事危险岗位时，产生的工资差别属于A BC D、劳动力供给曲线不变，劳动力需求曲线右移，对均衡工资率和均衡就业量的影响是A BC D、下列对差别补偿性工资的说法正确的是（A、是指为吸引潜在职工到一个不具有吸引力的工作B岗位所要支付的额外工资C D）是指在劳动供给量和需求量相等时劳动力市场处于均衡时的工资率。

A BC DD、劳动的时间长度E、劳动的数量与质量2、下列劳动报酬的支付方式中，属于福利种类的有( )A、股票期权B、加班工资C、带薪休假D、免费工作餐E、年终奖3、工资的演变经历了（）形式。

A、实物工资B、货币工资C、工资和薪水D、薪酬E、员工工资4、下列属于计时工资的优点的是( )。

A、计算简便B、员工有稳定的收入C、对员工有激励作用D、为企业节约开支E、企业易于预算人工成本5、造成劳动力市场均衡工资率上升的因素有( )A、劳动力供给曲线左移，需求曲线不动B、劳动力需求曲线右移，供给曲线不动C、劳动力供给增加，需求减少正确错误、在货币工资不变时，实际工资与物价水平成同方向变动。

正确错误、当其他行业或本行业的其他企业的工资水平上升时，会导致本行业、本企业劳动供给数量减少，此时，本企业会降低工资水平。

正确错误、工作的非货币特征不会导致工资差别。

正确错误、广义工资指劳动者因从事劳动而获得的所有报酬收入。

正确错误。

2021知到答案【劳动经济学】智慧树网课章节测试答案

A:自然垄断性工资差别
B:竞争性工资差别
C:补偿性工资差别
D:非自然垄断性工资差别
答案: 【非自然垄断性工资差别】
6、选择题:机械加工厂的装配车间工作环境很差，而且危险系数很高，因此厂里为该车间的工人支付较高的工资，这属于（）。
选项：
A:垄断性工资
B:补偿性工资
C:竞争性工资
D:技能性工资
答案: 【补偿性工资】
6、选择题:引起劳动力需求量变动的根本缘由是（）。
选项：
A:工资率
B:生产技术
C:企业的性质
D:货币资本规模
答案: 【工资率】
7、选择题:长期劳动力需求曲线比短期劳动力需求曲线（）。
选项：
A:陡峭
B:平缓
C:高
D:低
答案: 【平缓】
8、选择题:劳动力需求的三个层次有（）
选项：
A:企业需求
B:行业需求
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
3、选择题:从劳动力供应的意愿来看，劳动力供应主、客观存在不一致的现象。
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
4、选择题:（）是指劳动力供应的数量随着工资率变动而发生变动的灵敏程度。
选项：
A:劳动力供应弹性
B:收入弹性
C:交叉弹性
D:劳动力需求弹性
答案: 【劳动力供应弹性】
9、选择题:劳动作为生产要素与土地、资本等要素相比的特点是（）
选项：
A:劳动的全部权不能转移
B:劳动的全部者既可是自然人也可以是法人
C:劳动的全部者是自然人
D:劳动力在流淌中具有肯定主动性和决定性
E:在流淌中劳动的全部权常发生转移

9劳动经济学第九章课后参考答案贾东王亮亮劳动经济学(人大三版)

1.什么是人力资本？人力资本是一种与物质资本相对相应的资本形式，它表现为能为任何个人带来永久性经济收入的能力和知识等。

2.人类资本的特点是什么？（1）人力资本是寓寄在劳动者身上的一种生产能力（2）人力资本的所有权不具有转让或者继承的属性3.人力资本投资的形式有哪些？（1）各级正规教育（2）职业技术培训（3）健康保健（4）人们从一个地区向另一个地区的流动4.教育投资的理性依据是什么？5.怎样进行培训的成本效益分析？6.劳动力流动的条件是什么？（1）劳动力的个人所有权（2）不同地区和工作之间存在着经济福利方面的差异（3）社会对劳动者就业给予充分的自主权（4）社会分工所造成的劳动技巧和工作能力的专门化7.影响劳动力流动的因素有哪些？（1）年龄（2）家庭（3）教育（4）流动的距离（5）失业率（6）职业许可制度（7）国家和地方政策将影响劳动力的流动（8）环境（9）公会（10）流动地的环境质量和气象状况人力资本：人力资本是一种与物质资本相对相应的资本形式，它表现为能为任何个人带来永久性经济收入的能力和知识等。

人力资本投资：是通过增加人的资源而影响未来的货币和物质收入的各种活动。

职业技术培训：职业技术培训投资是人们为获得与发展从事某种职业所需要的知识、技能与技巧所发生的投资支出。

这类投资方式主要侧重于人力资本构成中的职业、专业知识与技能存量。

其表现是人力资本构成中的专业技术等级。

健康保健：用于健康保健、增进体质的费用也是人力资本投资的主要形式，这方面的投资效果主要变现为人口语气寿命的提高和死亡率的降低。

正规教育：这种投资形式增加了人力资本的知识存量，表现为人力资本构成中的普通教育程度，即用学历来反映人力资本存量。

教育投资净现值：教育这种人力资本投资在未来一定量的价值相当于现在的价值教育投资供给曲线：教育投资需求曲线：劳动力流动：是指劳动者相对于劳动力市场条件的差别，在地区之间、行业之间、产业之间、职业之间、和岗位之间的自愿选择和迁移。

《劳动经济学》练习题库参考答案

《劳动经济学》练习题库一. 名词解释1. 劳动经济学2. 工资刚性3. 自然失业率4. 就业弹性5. 工资指导线6. 统计性歧视7. 家庭生产函数8. 理性经济人9. 劳动力生产费用10. 内部劳动力市场11. 劳动边际生产力递减规律12. 劳动力参与率13. 余暇时间14. 非均衡分析15. 职业流动率16. 补偿性工资差别17. 就业结构18. 磨擦性失业19. 最低社会保障制度20. 帕金森定律二. 判断题1. 劳动力交换是人力资本与物力资本的结合。

2. 失业是价值规律调节劳动力供求的必然现象。

3. 内部劳动力市场的组织原理是源于价格或经济关系。

4. 人均收入最大化目标的企业存在着让劳动力流动的倾向。

5. 从劳动力供给的意愿性看，劳动力供给量即劳动力资源数量不等同于劳动力的实际使用量。

6. 道格拉斯——有泽法则认为丈夫的收入越高，妻子的劳动参与率越低。

7. 在劳动力市场上，雇主既有选择性又有流动性，而雇工只有选择性而没有流动性。

8. 福利按人而论，所以与劳动者的个人劳动量相关。

9. 计划经济假定人具有很高的觉悟，而市场经济假定人是合乎理性的经济人。

10. 我国所有的经济资源都是稀缺性的，惟有劳动力资源是相对过剩的。

11. 对劳动力市场的一般分析，是劳动经济学的逻辑起点。

12. 劳动力的生产费用即人力投资的直接费用与间接费用之和。

13. 劳动力市场的供给方式是其供给主体和供给客体分属于不同的劳动者。

14. 劳动力价格等于人力资源成本。

15. 劳动力市场即买卖劳动者的市场。

16. 劳动力供需均衡是经常的、永久性的。

17. 劳动投入收益理论，是揭示劳动投入与劳动成本之间的数量关系的理论。

18. 劳动力资源同一切经济资源一样具有稀缺性。

19. 规范分析方法不用一定的价值观去评价经济效益的好坏和制度政策的利弊。

20. 内部劳动力市场与外部劳动力市场的关系是一种内部制度性与外部价格性的关系。

21. 劳动力的需要是一种不需要以货币支付能力作为后盾的主观愿望。

《劳动经济学》(作者Borjas)第九章习题答案

CHAPTER 99-1. Suppose a worker with an annual discount rate of 10 percent currently resides in Pennsylvania and is deciding whether to remain there or to move to Illinois. There are three work periods left in the life cycle. If the worker remains in Pennsylvania, he will earn $20,000 per year in each of the three periods. If the worker moves to Illinois, he will earn $22,000 in each of the three periods. What is the highest cost of migration that a worker is willing to incur and still make the move?The worker must compare the present value of staying in Pennsylvania to the present value of moving to Illinois. A worker will move if the present value of earnings in Illinois minus the costs of moving there exceed the present value of earnings in Pennsylvania:74.710,54$)1.1(000,201.1000,20000,202=++=PA PV and82.181,60$)1.1(000,221.1000,22000,222=++=IL PVThe worker will move, therefore, ifPV IL – C > PV PA ,where C denotes migration costs. Thus, the worker moves ifC < 60,181.82 - 54,710.74 = $5,471.089-2. Nick and Jane are married. They currently reside in Minnesota. Nick’s present value oflifetime earnings in his current employment is $300,000, and Jane’s present value is $200,000. They are contemplating moving to Texas, where each of them would earn a lifetime income of $260,000. The couple’s cost of moving is $10,000. In addition, Nick very much prefers the climate in Texas to that in Minnesota, and he figures that the change in climate is worth an additional $2,000 to him. Jane, on the other hand, prefers Minnesota’s frigid winters, so she figures she would be $2,000 worse off because of Texas’s blistering summers. Should they move to Texas?Yes. The “climatic” aspects of the move exactly balance each other, so we should not take them into account. On the monetary side, the sum of Nick’s and Jane’s lifetime present value of earnings inMinnesota is $500,000. The corresponding amount in Texas will be $520,000. The difference between the two ($20,000) exceeds the cost of moving ($10,000), so the move will make the couple jointly better off.9-3. Mickey and Minnie live in Orlando. Mickey’s net present value of lifetime earnings in Orlando is $125,000. Minnie’s net present value of lifetime earnings in Orlando is $500,000. The cost of moving to Atlanta is $25,000 per person. In Atlanta, Mickey’s net present value of lifetime earnings would be $155,000, and Minnie’s net present value of lifetime earnings would be $510,000. If Mickey and Minnie choose where to live based on their joint well-being, will they move to Atlanta? Is Mickey a tied-mover or a tied-stayer or neither? Is Minnie a tied-mover or a tied-stayer or neither?As a couple, the net present value of lifetime earnings of staying in Orlando is $500,000 + $125,000 = $625,000 and of moving to Atlanta is $510,000 + $155,000 – $50,000 = $615,000. Thus, as a couple, they would choose to stay in Orlando. Thus, there can only be a tied-stayer. (There cannot be a tied-mover, because the couple is not moving.)For Mickey, staying in Orlando is associated with a net present value of $125,000, while moving to Atlanta would yield a net present value of $155,000 – $25,000 = $130,000. So Mickey would choose to move to Atlanta. Therefore, Mickey is a tied-stayer.For Minnie, staying in Orlando is associated with a net present value of $500,000, while moving to Atlanta would yield a net present value of $510,000 –$25,000 = $485,000. So Minnie would choose to remain in Orlando. Thus, Minnie is not a tied-stayer.9-4. Suppose a worker’s skill is captured by his efficiency units of labor. The distribution of efficiency units in the population is such that worker 1 has 1 efficiency unit, worker 2 has 2 efficiency units, and so on. There are 100 workers in the population. In deciding whether to migrate to the United States, these workers compare their weekly earnings at home (w0) with their potential earnings in the United States (w1). The wage-skills relationship in each of the two countries is given by:w0 = 700 + 0.5s,andw1 = 670 + s,where s is the number of efficiency units the worker possesses.(a) Assume there are no migration costs. What is the average number of efficiency units among immigrants? Is the immigrant flow positively or negatively selected?The earnings-skills relationship in each country is illustrated in the figure below. The US line is steeper because the payoff to a unit of skills is higher in the United States. All workers who have at least 60 efficiency units will migrate to the United States. Therefore, there is positive selection and the average number of efficiency units in the immigrant flow is approximately 80 (the exact answer depends on whether the person with 60 efficiency units, who is indifferent between moving or not, moves to the United States).(b) Suppose it costs $10 to migrate to the United States. What is the average number of efficiency units among immigrants? Is the immigrant flow positively or negatively selected?If everyone incurs a cost of $10 to migrate to the United States, the U.S. wage-skill line drops by $10, and only those persons with more than 80 efficiency units will find it worthwhile to migrate. The immigrant flow is still positively selected and has, on average, 90 efficiency units.(c) What would happen to the selection that takes place if migration costs are not constant in the population, but are much higher for more skilled workers?If migration costs are much higher for skilled workers, it is possible that no skilled workers will find it worthwhile to migrate. We already know that even in the absence of migration costs no worker with fewer than 60 efficiency units finds it worthwhile to migrate. If highly skilled workers find it very costly to migrate it might be the case that there is no migration to the United States.Income700660809-5. Suppose the United States enacts legislation granting all workers, including newly arrived immigrants, a minimum income floor of y− dollars.(a) Generalize the Roy model to show how this type of welfare program influences incentive tomigrate to the United States. Ignore any issues regarding how the welfare program is to be funded.(b) Does this welfare program change the selection of the immigrant flow? In particular, are immigrants more likely to be negatively selected than in the absence of a welfare program?(c) Which types of workers, the highly skilled or the less skilled, are most likely to be attracted by the welfare program?U.S. Labor Market U.S. Labor MarketThe introduction of a wage floor in the United States (at y −) shifts the U.S. earnings-skill relationship to the bold line drawn in the figures. If the returns to skills are higher in the United States (left panel above), there are then two sets of workers who find it profitable to move: those who have very high skill levels (above s P ) as well as those workers who have very low skill levels (below s L ). In contrast, if the returns to skills are lower in the United States than in the country of origin (the right panel above), the introduction of the welfare program does not change the incentives to migrate for any worker (although the incentives of some workers would change if the wage floor was high enough). The welfare program, therefore, acts as a welfare magnet for workers originating in countries that generate “brain drains”, but not in countries where unskilled workers have incentives to migrate even in the absence of wage floors.α αL P Dollars αN y −α9-6. The immigration surplus, though seemingly small in the United States, redistributes wealth from workers to firms. Present a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the losses accruing to native workers and of the gains accruing to firms. Do these calculations help explain why some segments of society are emotional in their support of changes in immigration policy that would either increase or decrease the immigrant flow?The total loss in earnings experienced by workers in the United States is given by the rectangle w 0 B F w 1 in Figure 9-11. The area of this rectangle is given by:Loss to Native Workers = (w 1 - w 0) × N .We can calculate the loss to native workers as a fraction of GDP by dividing both sides by Q (national income). If we do this and rearrange terms we obtain:MN N Q M N w w w w Q +×+×−=)( Workers Native to Loss 0001.Thus, the native loss (as a fraction of GDP) equals the percentage change in the native wage caused by immigration times labor’s share of national income times the fraction of the labor force that is native born. If we continue the numerical example in the text, this calculation yields: (-.03) × (.7) × (.9) = -1.89percent of GDP. As national income is on the order of $11 trillion, the loss suffered by native workers is on the order of $208 billion. Capitalists receive this income plus the immigration surplus of $11 billion (see the text), for a total gain of about $219 billion (about 2 percent of GDP).Even though the net benefits from immigration are small, particular groups in the United States either gain or lose substantially from immigration. This explains why the debate over immigration policy is often polarized.9-7. In the absence of any legal barriers on immigration from Neolandia to the United States, the economic conditions in the two countries generate an immigrant flow that is negatively selected. In response, the United States enacts an immigration policy that restricts entry to Neolandians who are in the top 10 percent of Neolandia’s skill distribution. What type of Neolandian would now migrate to the United States?No one would migrate from Neolandia. The policy does not change the cost-benefit analysis for the most skilled Neolandians. They did not want to migrate when they could enter the country freely, and they still will not want to migrate when they are the only ones who can obtain visas. The lesson is that changes in immigration policy affect the skill composition of the immigrant flow only if changes target immigrants who wished to migrate to the United States in the first place.9-8. Labor demand for low-skilled workers in the United States is w = 24 – 0.1E where E is the number of workers (in millions) and w is the hourly wage. There are 120 million domestic U.S. low-skilled workers who supply labor inelastically. If the U.S. opened its borders to immigration, 20 million low-skill immigrants would enter the U.S. and supply labor inelastically. What is the market-clearing wage if immigration is not allowed? What is the market-clearing wage with open borders? How much is the immigration surplus when the U.S. opens its borders? How much surplus is transferred from domestic workers to domestic firms?Without immigration, the market-clearing wage is $12, at which all 120 million low-skill U.S. workers are employed. With immigration, the market-clearing wage is $10, at which all 120 million low-skill U.S. workers and all 20 million immigrants are employed. The additional surplus received by the U.S. because of the immigration equals ($12 – $10) (140m – 120m) / 2 = $20 million. The total transfer from U.S. workers to U.S. firms because of the immigration equals ($12 – $10) (120m) = $240 million.9-9. A country has two regions, the North and the South, which are identical in all respects except the hourly wage and the number of workers. The demand for labor in each region is:w N = $20 – .5E N and w S = $20 – .5E S,where E N and E S are millions of workers. Currently there are 6 million workers in the North and 18 million workers in the South.(a) What is the wage in each region?The wage in the North is $20 – .5 (6) = $17. The wage in the South is $20 – .5 (18) = $11.(b) If there were no shocks to the economy, migration over time will result in an equalization of wages and employment. What would be the long-run wage and employment level in each region?As labor demand is the same in both regions and workers are identical in their preferences, half of the workers will locate in each region in the long-run. Thus, 12 million workers will work in each region, and the hourly wage will be $14.(c) Return to the original set-up where there are 6 million workers in the North and 18 million workers in the South. As a policy maker, you decide not only to allow 2 million immigrants of working age to enter your country, but you have the authority to resettle the immigrants wherever you want. How should you distribute immigrants across the regions to maximize the country’s immigration surplus? Besides maximizing the immigration surplus in the short-run, in what other ways does your distribution of immigrants help the economy?Let I N and I S be the number of immigrants (in millions) placed in the North and in the South respectively, so that I N + I S = 2. After immigration, the new wages are:w N = $17 – .5I N and w S = $11 – .5I Sand the immigrant surpluses are:S N = 0.25(I N)2 and S S = .25(I S)2.Using that I N + I S = 2, therefore, the total immigrant surplus isS = 0.25(I N)2 + 0.25(2–I N)2 = 1 – I N + .5(I N)2.One can use calculus to solve for the optimal value for I N, but be aware that S is U-shaped, so setting the first order conditions to 0 solves for a minimum. Rather, use Excel to plot S. The data are:I N S I N S I N S I N S0.001.000.05 0.95 0.55 0.60 1.05 0.50 1.55 0.650.10 0.91 0.60 0.58 1.10 0.51 1.60 0.680.15 0.86 0.65 0.56 1.15 0.51 1.65 0.710.20 0.82 0.70 0.55 1.20 0.52 1.70 0.750.25 0.78 0.75 0.53 1.25 0.53 1.75 0.780.30 0.75 0.80 0.52 1.30 0.55 1.80 0.820.35 0.71 0.85 0.51 1.35 0.56 1.85 0.860.40 0.68 0.90 0.51 1.40 0.58 1.90 0.910.45 0.65 0.95 0.50 1.45 0.60 1.95 0.950.50 0.63 1.00 0.50 1.50 0.63 2.00 1.00 Thus, the immigrant surplus is maximized by placing all 2 million immigrants in either of the regions. It would be best, however, to place them all in the high wage region, as this will lead to a faster equalization of wages and saves natives the trouble and costs of moving.9-10. Phil has two periods of work remaining prior to retirement. He is currently employed in a firm that pays him the value of his marginal product, $50,000 per period. There are many other firms that Phil could potentially work for. There is a 50 percent chance of Phil being a good match for any particular firm, and a 50 percent chance of him being a bad match. If he is in a good match, the value of his marginal product is $56,000 per period. If he is in a bad match, the value of his marginal product is $40,000 per period. If Phil quits his job, he can immediately find employment with any of the alternative firms. It takes one period to discover whether Phil is a good or a bad match with a particular firm. In that first period, while Phil’s value to the firm is uncertain, he is offered a wage of $48,000. After the value of the match is determined, Phil is offered a wage equal to the value of his marginal product in that firm. When offered that wage, Phil is free to (a) accept;(b) reject and try some other firm; or (c) return to his original firm and his original wage. Phil maximizes the present value of his expected lifetime earnings, and his discount rate is 10 percent. What should Phil do?Phil makes decisions at the beginning of each period, and there are a variety of choices at each of these times. To reduce the number of strategies that require the numerical calculation of the expected outcome, first discard unreasonable choices. In particular, if Phil does not quit his job in period 1, he should not do so in period 2. After all, his second-period wage in a new job will be lower than in the old job, and there is no third period. Similarly, if he tries a new job in period 1 and is found to be a bad match, he should return to the old job. After all, the old job pays a higher wage than what Phil’s current employer is willing to pay and what another new firm would offer him. Finally, if he tries a new job and is found to be a good match, he should certainly accept their offer. In the end, Phil only has two potentially viable strategies.Strategy one: Keep the old job in both periods. The earnings path associated with this choice is flat and deterministic – Phil earns $50,000 in each period. The present discounted value of the outcome of this strategy is PV1 = 50,000 + 50,000/1.1 = $95,455.Strategy two: Try a new job. If it is a good match, keep it. If it is a bad match, return to the old job. If Phil adopts this strategy, he will earn $48,000 in period 1. In period 2, he will earn either $56,000 or $50,000, each with probability ½. The expected present discounted value of the outcome of that strategy is PV2 = 48,000 + ((½× 56,000) + (½ × 50,000))/1.1 = $96,182.As the second strategy generates a higher present value, this is the strategy Phil adopts.9-11. Under the recently enacted 2001 tax legislation in the United States, all income tax filers can now deduct from their total income half of their expenses incurred when moving more than 50 miles to accept a new job. Prior to the change, only tax filers who itemized their deductions were allowed to deduct their moving expenses. (Typically, homeowners itemize their deductions and renters do not itemize.) How would this change in the tax bill likely affect the mobility of homeowners and renters?The policy change has no affect on homeowners, whereas the policy change reduces the cost of moving for renters. Therefore, the policy is predicted to increase the mobility of renters.。

《劳动经济学》第01章在线测试

《劳动经济学》第01章在线测试《劳动经济学》第01章在线测试剩余时间：57:37答题须知：1、本卷满分20分。

2、答完题后，请一定要单击下面的“交卷”按钮交卷，否则无法记录本试卷的成绩。

3、在交卷之前，不要刷新本网页，否则你的答题结果将会被清空。

第一题、单项选择题（每题1分，5道题共5分）1、在一定的前提下，人们的行为将是什么（将做什么选择，将是什么结果）的问题的分析方法是（）。

A、规范分析B、定性分析C、定量分析D、实证分析2、在一定的前提下，说明现象应该“是什么”的分析方法是（）。

A、规范分析B、定性分析C、定量分析D、实证分析3、从社会角度看，没有人遭受损失的交换称为( )。

A、互惠B、互利C、互益D、互助4、劳动经济学的研究对象是（）。

A、稀缺的信息资源配置问题B、稀缺的技术资源配置问题C、稀缺的土地资源配置问题D、稀缺的劳动资源配置问题5、相对于人类社会的无限需要而言，客观上存在着制约满足人类需要的力量。

经济学将此种力量定义为（）A、需求弹性B、资源的稀缺性C、机会成本D、边际生产力第二题、多项选择题（每题2分，5道题共10分）1、1．规范研究方法的特点包括（）。

A、目的在于认识客观事实B、结论具有客观性C、以某种价值判断为基础D、结论具有主观性E、目的在于为政府制定经济政策服务2、阻碍互惠交换实现的主要障碍包括（）。

A、体制障碍B、市场缺陷C、诚信障碍D、经济滞后E、信息障碍3、实证研究方法的特点包括（）。

A、目的在于认识客观事实B、结论具有客观性C、以某种价值判断为基础D、结论具有主观性E、目的在于为政府制定经济政策服务4、实证经济学分析隐含的二个假设是（）。

A、稀缺性B、效用最大化C、分配平等D、充分信息E、理性行为5、劳动力市场交易的行为，以下哪些情况符合“互惠”的标准（）。

A、所有人都受益没有人受损B、部分人受益，但没有人受损C、部分人受益，部分人受损，但受益者受益可补偿受损者之损D、所有人都受损，但受损者的损失相同E、部分人受益，部分人受损，但受益者受益不能补偿受损者之损第三题、判断题（每题1分，5道题共5分）1、在现代社会中，劳动力的所有权可以买卖。

劳动经济学智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下黑龙江八一农垦大学

劳动经济学智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下黑龙江八一农垦大学黑龙江八一农垦大学第一章测试1.所有与劳动有关的问题都是劳动经济学研究的对象。

答案:错2.资源的闲置和资源的稀缺性不可能并存。

答案:错3.劳动力资源仅包括劳动力的数量这一方面。

答案:错4.劳动经济学是经济学的重要分支，是一门研究（）的学问。

答案:劳动的人5.劳动力是指（）答案:人的劳动能力6.实证研究方法重点是研究现象本身（）的问题答案:是什么7.规范研究方法重点是研究现象本身（）的问题？答案:应该是什么8.劳动力具有生理性的特点，具体表现为（）。

答案:必须保证劳动力维持生命的最起码的收入或物质生活条件;劳动力的生产是通过消费社会劳动为条件的;劳动力具有生命周期和生理间歇周期;劳动力不能储存;劳动力形成周期长，在现代社会至少需要16年9.劳动作为生产要素与土地、资本等要素相比的特点是（）答案:劳动力在流动中具有一定主动性和决定性;劳动的所有者是自然人;劳动的所有权不能转移10.规范分析方法首先使用什么基准来解诀评价问题?答案:“互惠”基准第二章测试1.劳动力供给是指在一定工资率水平下劳动力的供给主体能够提供的劳动时间。

答案:错2.重视闲暇的人无差异曲线比不重视闲暇的人无差异曲线陡峭。

答案:对3.从劳动力供给的意愿来看，劳动力供给主、客观存在不一致的现象。

答案:对4.（）是指劳动力供给的数量随着工资率变动而发生变动的灵敏程度。

答案:劳动力供给弹性5.一国的平均工资率从10元/小时上升到15元/小时，该国总的劳动力工时供给上升了60%，则该国的劳动供给曲线是（）。

答案:富有弹性的6.对劳动力供给的基本分析，是建立在（）的经济决策分析基础之上。

答案:劳动者个体7.个人劳动力供给曲线是（）的。

答案:可能存在向后弯曲的情况8.影响劳动力供给质量的因素（）答案:营养因素;人类主观能动性;遗传和其他先天因素;教育因素9.个人劳动力供给是指（）答案:劳动者个人决定是否参加社会劳动;单个劳动者的工作决策;劳动者个人决定准备工作多长时间10.个人预算约束线的形状取决于个人可支配资源的状况，包括（）答案:劳动能力状况;工资水平;个人可支配的时间第三章测试1.关于劳动力需求的假设不包括生产技术的假设。

16秋北交《劳动经济学》在线作业二

D.员工的考评费用
正确答案：
6.劳动力供给与劳动力需求通过竞争达到均衡时，将导致（）。
A.充分就业
B.劳动力供给过剩
C.劳动力供给不足
D.劳动力需求不足
正确答案：
7.其他条件不变，劳动力供给增加时，均衡工资率会（）。
A.上升
B.不确定
C.不变
D.下降
正确答案：
8.产品市场的卖方垄断企业的特点是（）。
A.工资率提高，就业量增加
B.工资率降低，就业量减少
C.工资率提高，就业量减少
D.工资率降低，就业量增加
正确答案：
18.如果工资率不论如何变化，劳动力需求量始终为固定不变，则劳动力需求（）。
A.缺乏弹性
B.无弹性
C.为单位弹性
D.富有弹性
正确答案：
19.下列属于企业雇用成本中直接成本的是（）。
A.企业员工的年度工资总额
1.现代市场经济条件下，劳动关系的特征主要有（）。
A.劳动是劳动关系的基础，也是劳动关系的实质与内容
B.劳动关系具有人身关系属性和财产关系属性相兼有的特点
C.劳动关系具有平等性
D.劳动关系具有隶属性
正确答案：
2.解决摩擦性失业的方法有（）。
A.完善劳动力市场的信息情报工作
B.对失业人员进行再就业培训
C.劳动力需求弹性
D.劳动力供给弹性
正确答案：
6.根据主体均衡的条件，主体在资源约束的条件下获得最大效用必须满足的条件是（）。
A.工资率大于边际替代率
B.工资率小于边际替代率
C.工资率等于边际替代率
D.工资率等于边际技术替代率
正确答案：
7.下列对无差异曲线的特征表述正确的是（）。

劳动经济学试题及答案

劳动经济学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 劳动经济学研究的核心问题不包括以下哪项？- A. 劳动力供给- B. 劳动力需求- C. 工资水平- D. 国际贸易答案：D2. 以下哪项不是影响劳动力供给的因素？- A. 工资率- B. 教育水平- C. 技术进步- D. 个人偏好答案：C3. 劳动经济学中，劳动需求的“边际生产力理论”认为，劳动力需求取决于：- A. 劳动力成本- B. 劳动力的边际产出- C. 企业的规模- D. 劳动力的总产出答案：B4. 以下哪项不是劳动经济学中讨论的失业类型？- A. 摩擦性失业- B. 结构性失业- C. 周期性失业- D. 技术性失业答案：D5. 劳动经济学中的“效率工资理论”认为，企业支付高于市场平均水平的工资是为了：- A. 降低员工的流动性- B. 提高员工的士气- C. 减少监督成本- D. 所有以上选项答案：D二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述劳动经济学中“劳动供给”的基本原理。

答案：劳动供给是指在一定时间内，劳动者愿意并且能够提供劳动服务的数量。

它受多种因素的影响，包括工资率、个人偏好、教育水平、家庭状况、劳动市场条件等。

劳动供给的基本原理包括边际递减效用原理，即随着工资率的增加，劳动者愿意提供的劳动时间会先增加后减少，因为劳动者在收入和休闲之间寻求平衡。

2. 解释“劳动市场均衡”的概念，并说明它如何影响工资水平。

答案：劳动市场均衡是指在一定的工资率下，劳动供给与劳动需求达到平衡的状态。

在均衡状态下，没有失业也没有劳动力短缺。

劳动市场的均衡工资水平由劳动供给曲线和需求曲线的交点决定。

如果劳动供给增加或需求减少，均衡工资水平会下降；相反，如果劳动需求增加或供给减少，均衡工资水平会上升。

3. 描述“人力资本理论”并解释它如何影响个人的职业选择和工资水平。

答案：人力资本理论认为，教育、培训和健康投资等可以提高个人的生产力，从而增加其工资收入。

《劳动经济学》第09章在线测试

《劳动经济学》第07章在线测试

电子科大18秋《劳动经济学》在线作业3

《劳动经济学》结课考试试题及答案

《劳动经济学》(作者Borjas)第九章习题答案

劳动经济学试题及答案

《劳动经济学》第08章在线测试

2020-2021大学《劳动经济学》期末课程考试试卷B(含答案)

《劳动经济学》第06章在线测试

2021知到答案【 劳动经济学】智慧树网课章节测试答案

9劳动经济学第九章课后参考答案 贾东 王亮亮劳动经济学(人大三版)

《劳动经济学》练习题库参考答案

《劳动经济学》(作者Borjas)第九章习题答案

《劳动经济学》第01章在线测试

劳动经济学智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下黑龙江八一农垦大学

16秋北交《劳动经济学》在线作业二

劳动经济学试题及答案

2021知到答案【劳动经济学】智慧树网课章节测试答案

9劳动经济学第九章课后参考答案贾东王亮亮劳动经济学(人大三版)