直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

一、概述

引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）

Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：

二、直接引语是陈述句时

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1、人称的变化

直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。

He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。

→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)

He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”

→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me 改为him, told改为had told)

He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”

He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had，her不变，your→my）

2、时态的变化

（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态

→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。

He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”

→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。

注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”

→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。

He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东。”

→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。

He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”

→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。

（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时

如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”

He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。

He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”

He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。

3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化

见下表：

He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”

He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。

He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。”

→He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。

Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来。”

→Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。

He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”他说：“现在九点了。”

→He said that it was nine o'clock then.他说那时九点了。

He said, “I haven't seen her today.”他说：“今天我没见到她。”

→He said that he hadn't seen her t hat day .他说那天他没有见到她。

She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿。”

→She said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。

She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿。”

→She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。

He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”

→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ago→before)

She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”