_呼啸山庄_中男女主人公爱情悲剧的伦理原因剖析
浅析_呼啸山庄_爱情悲剧的原因
东方企业文化·百家论坛 2012年5月157浅析《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧的原因司铜生（河南工业职业技术学院，南阳，473009）摘 要：《呼啸山庄》中主人公希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧深刻而震撼人心。
本文从悲剧根源的角度对小说展开分析，社会背景造成妇女地位的不平等，男女主人公复杂的性格导致了悲剧的发生。
关键词：爱情悲剧 社会背景 性格中图分类号：I206 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672—7355（2012）05—0157—0119世纪英国女作家艾米丽·勃朗特的杰作《呼啸山庄》让无数读者为之着迷。
小说以主人公希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳超凡的爱情悲剧和由此导致的复仇为主线，讲述了两个家族的两代家史。
本文对《呼啸山庄》中主人公的悲剧根源进行分析以期待对作品有更深的理解。
小说中女主人公凯瑟琳在爱情与现实之间做出的选择成为悲剧的导火索。
男主人公希斯克里夫是呼啸山庄的主人老恩肖从利物浦带回的流浪街头的弃儿，得到了他超乎寻常的关爱，并赢得了小姐凯瑟琳的倾心，却遭到了少爷亨德莱的忌恨。
老恩肖死后，亨德莱成了呼啸山庄的新主人，希斯克里夫被迫沦为奴仆，被剥夺了受教育的权力，而凯瑟琳依然保持着对希斯克里夫的挚爱。
相邻的画眉山庄的少爷埃德加·林顿的出现改变了这一切。
凯瑟琳选择了富有的少爷作为丈夫而背叛了爱情，出走的希斯克里夫几年后重回呼啸山庄并开始了疯狂的复仇，成为悲剧的开始。
凯瑟琳对待婚姻的功利性似乎是悲剧的直接原因，但分析下维多利亚时期的妇女地位就会发现，凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫的爱情悲剧有着深刻的社会原因。
从当时的时代背景来看．父权制主导着英国的家庭生活和子女的婚姻及命运，因此，凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫的爱情注定了是悲剧性的，而社会原因也成为了悲剧的根本原因。
首先．凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫虽然在同一个家庭中长大，却有着不同的出生背景和阶级地位。
凯瑟琳是呼啸山庄的主人恩肖之女，她受到众人的眷顾，并被认为应该嫁给一位有地位、有财富、有身份的绅士，而希斯克里夫只是山庄主人收养的弃儿，当他失去唯一的庇护恩肖后，便难以在家里找到立足之地了，只能在众人的唾弃中受尽磨难。
呼啸山庄爱恨交织的人性剖析
呼啸山庄爱恨交织的人性剖析呼啸山庄，一部经典的文学作品，以其复杂的人性描写而闻名于世。
小说中的人物关系纷繁复杂，既有深爱与痛苦的交织，也有欺诈与报复的恶意。
本文将对呼啸山庄中的人性进行剖析，揭示出其中隐藏的情感和动机。
1. 爱与恨的边界呼啸山庄中的人性描写充满了爱与恨的边界，最典型的例子就是希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳之间的关系。
希斯克里夫深爱着凯瑟琳，但她却嫁给了与自己无法相提并论的埃德加。
这种被挫折的爱导致了希斯克里夫内心深处的仇恨，他利用恶毒的手段报复了凯瑟琳一家。
可见，爱恨交织之间的边界极为微妙，一旦越过，就会引发不可遏制的破坏力。
2. 利益与欺诈的阴谋在呼啸山庄中，人性的阴暗面也表现在对利益与欺诈的追求上。
例如，希斯克里夫为了继承庄园，采取了欺骗利用众人的手段。
他无情地对待其他人，不择手段地达到自己的目的。
这种以利益为出发点的欺诈行为揭示出人性中的贪婪和自私。
3. 自我毁灭的循环呼啸山庄中的人性剖析还表现在人物之间自我毁灭的循环中。
希斯克里夫的恶意报复虽然对凯瑟琳和埃德加产生了影响，但也不可避免地伤害了自己。
他的仇恨逐渐吞噬了他的灵魂，使他陷入了无尽的痛苦中。
在这个循环中，人性的复杂性得以展现，人们总是难以从自己的错误中汲取经验，结果反而更加绝望。
4. 爱的复杂性在呼啸山庄中，爱不仅是美好的，也是复杂的。
除了希斯克里夫对凯瑟琳的深爱外，还有希斯克里夫与凯瑟琳的女儿卡瑟琳之间的复杂关系。
卡瑟琳爱上了希斯克里夫，但又不能摆脱对母亲的忠诚和责任感。
这种既私人又道德的冲突，使得爱情更加扑朔迷离。
爱情让人性充满了矛盾和挣扎，使人们的道德底线变得模糊不清。
5. 对生命和死亡的追问呼啸山庄中的人性剖析还反映在对生命和死亡的追问上。
小说中描写了人物之间的生死离别，以及他们对生命意义的思考。
希斯克里夫为了复仇而活着，他生存在世上只是为了对凯瑟琳一家进行报复。
这种对生命价值的深刻思考使读者陷入对人性的思考和反思。
总结：呼啸山庄通过复杂的人性剖析展现了爱恨交织的情感以及欺诈和利益的阴谋。
读书心得——《呼啸山庄》的悲剧根源探析
读书心得——《呼啸山庄》的悲剧根源探析一.凯瑟琳对于自我的背叛在小说当中，凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间的爱情是从小就萌发的，不过希斯克利夫是凯瑟琳的父亲在利物浦捡来的流浪儿。
所以他们两人之间的身份是有着一定的差异，不过他们之间却有着非常多的性格相似点，从小她们的性格之间就是两小无猜，而且青梅竹马，性格上面的相似点也让他们有着非常深厚的感情基础。
由于希斯克利夫从小就是一个流浪儿的身份，因此，在小的时候经常在凯瑟琳的家中受到其他人的欺负，不过凯瑟琳却从来没有看不起希斯克利夫，反而把希斯克利夫作为自己一个非常好的朋友进行交往。
在小说当中，凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫长期的在一起游玩，小说里面讲到她们一大清早就会到荒原那里奔跑，一起干活一起玩。
不过他们这样的一种关系，最后却没有让凯瑟琳留在希斯克利夫的身边，实际上也是因为希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间存在的这种身份差异。
小说不断地体现出凯瑟琳对于希斯克利夫的深刻爱意，但是却没有办法让凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫真正的走在一起，凯瑟琳为希斯克利夫承受了过多的打骂，但是凯瑟琳对于希斯克利夫的感情却从来没有被动摇过。
最后凯瑟琳选择里没有和希斯克利夫一起，这个从本质上来看是凯瑟琳对自我真实想法的背叛。
由于凯瑟琳因为经历了一次特殊的造访，所以他对于希斯克利夫兰也不再有那么强烈的爱意，她不再是一个非常野蛮的女孩子，而选择打扮的像淑女一样，因为凯瑟琳意识到自己还是一个出身于贵族的女子，所以凯瑟琳最终还是选择了和贵族的男子结合在一起，而抛弃了流浪儿出身的希斯克利夫。
在这个变成淑女的凯瑟琳面前，希斯克利夫觉得非常的自卑，因为他非常清楚自己的出生是十分卑微的，而现在的凯瑟琳已经不再和自己一样，而是一个贵族的女子了。
所以凯瑟琳实际上选择了和林顿在一起，这是符合了他自己内心的想法，但是从本质上看，凯瑟琳应该选择和自己感情和趣味更加相投的希斯克利夫，不过因为自己的出身是比希斯克利夫更高，所以凯瑟琳还是选择成为了贵族家里面的女子，这一点实际上也是凯瑟琳对自己真实感情的一次最为严重的背叛。
简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因
简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因摘要《呼啸山庄》是由艾米丽·布朗特所创的世界上最伟大的小说之一。
艾米丽在小说中成功的塑造了爱与恨为主题的爱情悲剧故事。
自该小说诞生以来，国内外学者对于《呼啸山庄》主题的研究从未停止。
本文选取希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳爱情故事原因的角度进行探究，致力通过对男女主人公所处的阶级，受到的教育，各自成长环境的变化，及各自性格原因，来分析男女主人公的爱情悲剧。
通过本次研究，能够使读者对希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧有更清晰的理解和认识。
关键词：爱；恨；凯瑟琳；西斯克里夫；呼啸山庄ContentsAbstract (i)摘要 (ii)1．Introduction. (1)1.1Introduction of Emily Bronte and her Wuthering Heights (1)1.2 Introduction of the tragic love story (1)1.3 The structure of this paper (2)2．Literature Review (4)2.1 Review on the oversea studies (4)2.2 Review on the domestic studies (4)3．The External Reasons for the Tragedy (6)3.1 The class barrier (6)3.2 The educational reasons (7)3.2.1The family education for Heathcliff and Catherine (7)3.2.2Education conducted by European upper class (7)4．The Internal Reasons for the Tragedy (9)4.1 Catherine’s own reasons (9)4.1.1 Catherine’s growing environment (9)4.1.2 Catherine’s dual personality (9)4.1.3 Catherine’s betrayal (10)4.2 Heathcliff’s own reasons (10)4.2.1 Heathcliff’s growing environment (11)4.2.2 Heathcliff’s extreme pe rsonality (11)4.2.3 Heathcliff’s revenge (12)5．Conclusion (14)References (15)Acknowledgements (16)1. Introduction1.1Introduction of Emily Bronte and her Wuthering HeightsEmily Jane Bronte (July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848) was a great British novelist and pet in the 19th century and one of the extraordinary women writers in the literary history of England, and she is also best remembered for her only novel Wuthering Heights, which is now an acknledged classic of English literature.Emily was born at Thornton in Yorkshire. She was the younger sister of Charlotte Bronte, and the fifth of six children. It was the discovery of Emily's poetic talent by her family that led her and her sisters, Charlotte and Anne, to publish jointly a book of poems entitled Poems by Currer, Ellis and Action Bell in 1846. To evade contemporary prejudice against female writers, all three used male pseudonyms, Emily's being "Ellis Bell". She wrote many poems of her own and some of these during her short life, in the form of powerful lyrics. These lyrics have been esteemed highly as passionate utterances of the author’s innermost feelings and thoughts.She subsequently published her only novel, Wuthering Heights, in 1847, a powerful, poetic work, but whose innovative structure somewhat puzzled critics. Although it received mixedreviews when it first came out, the book subsequently became an English literary classic.Wuthering heights depicts the foundling boy Heathcliff after the adoption by the Earnshaw. He lived with Mr. Earnsh aw’s son Hindley and daughter Catherine. Hindley treat Heathcliff badly.He insulted and maltreated Heathcliff in veery possible way afther Mr.Earnshaw’s death. At the same time, peculiar emotion occurred between Cath erine and Heathcliff. Because of her vanity and ignorance, Catherine decided to marry Linton. Heathcliff left with anger. Three years later, Heathcliff returned to revenge. He succeeded in annexing all the property of Hindley’s and the Linton’s. However,Catherine’s ghost pestered him all the time and he died in the dream with Catherine.1.2Introduction of the tragic love storyWuthering Heights shows us the life scenes in a deformity society through a tragic love story, outlines all kinds of the terrible events caused by the human nature in the distorted society. The title of the novel comes from the Yorkshire manor on the moors of the story (as an adjective, Wuthering is a Yorkshire word referring to turbulent weather). The narrative tale centers on the all-encompassing, passionate, but ultimately doomed love between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them and the people around them.The plot of story is actually spread gradually through four stages.The first stage describes the childhood life of Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw who the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment; the special feeling between a homeless gypsy boy and an honored, upper-class lady in the unique environment, and their rebel against the tyranny ofCatherine’s brother Hindley.The second stage focuses on describing Catherine as a common lady who pursues the traditional “human love” and denies Heathcliff’s love; at last she married to Layton, a young and rich, educated gentleman, and becomes the mistress of Thrushcross Grange. She admitted Nelly that she loves Layton, because he is young, handsome, and rich and loves her, and the most important one is that he can make her become the most respected woman. While Catherine patted on her forehead and chest said: “In my soul my heart, I know I was wrong.”She also loves Heathcliff, but here love for Heathcliff is derived form “he and I are the same piece of material”. Love, from the pursuit of happiness to the pursuit of oneself, has become just “super-human love”.In the third stage, the novel, by using a lot of words, describes how Heathcliff who is filled with hatred and despair makes all kinds of actions on his revenge. This part is the main theme of the whole story. With the death of Catherine, Edgar, Isabella, Heathcliff’s son and himself, Heathcliff achieves his revenge on those who treated him badly.At last, the novel only narrates the death of Heathcliff, but reveals a brand new change of his minds when he found that Hareton and Cathy fell in love with each other. His minds changes from love, hatred, and revenge to the recovery of human nature, which reveals a light of hope in this tragic love which is full of horror color.In the novel, Heathcliff and Catherine later grow close, and their love becomes the central theme of the first volume; his revenge and its consequences are the main theme of the second volume. Therefore, his minds change from love, hatred, revengeto the revival of human nature, is not only the essence of the novel, but also the theme throughout the whole novel. The author layouts and arranges the changed scene unpredictably according to this theme, sometimes full of dark clouds, wail like ghosts and howl like wolves in the wilderness, and sometimes like the storms blow hard, or in a dark courtyard. The tragic love story is always surrounded in a mysterious and terrible atmosphere.1.3The structure of this paperWuthering Heights is the most unusual novel in the history of English Literature.By describing Catherine and Heathcliff's love; it shows the variation of deformity society, and the distorted humanistic. This article analyzes the book from the reasons of the tradgic love Catherine and Heathcliff. The first chapter is introduction; it gives a brief introduction on Emily Bronte and the Wuthering Heights. The second chapter is literature review, in this part it introduces thestudies of this novel on the oversea and domestic .The third chapter is the external reasons for the tragedy. The fourth is the internal reasons for the tragedy. The last, chapter five, is the conclusion of this paper.2. Literature ReviewToday considered as a classic of English literature, Wuthering Heights was met with mixed reviews when it first appeared, mainly because of mental and physical cruelty of the narrative's stark depiction. Although Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre was generally considered the best of the Bront? sisters' works during most of the nineteenth century, many subsequent critics of Wuthering Heights argued that it was a superior achievement.The novel has been studied, analyzed, and discussed fromevery imaginable critical perspective and from every aspect, yet it remains unexhausted. Most of them are focused on the character of the hero or the complicated love between the characters. Catherine, the heroine of the Wuthering Heights, is a typical tragic role in Western literature. Caterine’s emotional has different changes with different environment.(Chen le,2007).Heathcliff, in Wuthering Heights, is the real dramatic center of the story. Heathcliff is a coalescence of several characters and elements, one is the concept of a man whose mind of hatred is pitiless and ruthless, and another is of a man whose desire for revenge degenerates into avarice (Davy Cecil, 1934). There are man y factors to deal with Heathcliff’s distortion; many of the previous studies attempt to explore the reasons for Heathcliff’s tragedies. In aboard, t hey are respectively Davy. L. Robert’s analysis based on prototype theory, Davy Cecil’s analysis based on b ackgrounds theory and James. C. Janet’s analysis based on love theory.2.1 Review on the oversea studiesAccording to Davy L Robert(1985)，The Prototype of Heathcliff suggests the sensational revenge and tragic characters. He addressed in his The Prototype of Heathcliff that Emily Bronte created the name “Heathcliff” to tell the readers the man’s temperament in a metaphorical way. Davy L Robert argues that the figure of Heathcliff created by Bronte stands for evil and revenge, and he also thinks that Heathcl iff’s prototype would be the devil from hell. According to James C Janet’s (2009) On Bronte’s Wuthering Heights,the relationship determines Heathcliff and Catherine’s love. Their love is thus formed in the rebellion against those social forces, families and classes, which restrict the ideals. Catherine’s choice of love, her choicefondness of wealth, position and social distinction in other words, are the primary reasons for forming Heathcliff’s tragic characters (James C. Janet, 2009). According to Davy Cecil the backgrounds deal a lot with Heathcliff’s distortion. Davy Cecil believes that the change of class state and life experience con tribute a lot to form Heathcliff’s distortion.2.2 Review on the domestic studiesIn China, many scholars combine characteristics and the fate of life experience of character types in Wuthering Heights with author’s personality and characteristic, such as Tang Zheng(2009) believed that, to a certain extent, Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights is just the author’s true portraitu re. In recent years, there are many scholars wrote many articles to discuss the hero Heathcliff. Zhao Yunmei(2009) wrote: Heathcliff’s wild and intractable personality, his stronglove, lonely character and the violent perverse revenge figure, reflect the characteristics of Byron effect. After the rise in symbolism, many scholars also do research in this aspect, such as the Wang Zhe(2011) thought, Emily in her" the one and only " novel used a large number of symbolic description, through images shaping, turns out the understanding to the deep and mystical philosophy of life.3. The External Reasons for the Tragedy3.1 The class barrier reasons for the tragedyIn England, the 18th Century, is an age of the bourgeoisie. The old aristocratic class was fast losing its power politically and economically to the rising urban middle class or bourgeoisie who worked hard, economized and accumulated great wealth and became the mainstream of the nation; the social and economic values were changing and land ownership did not always theman make, it is a world of patriarchal values. Along with the emergence of this "industrial revolution" came a class- conscious society. The new London would benefit the wealthy and the middle class but exploit and oppress the working and poor classes. The social changes taking place in England between 1801 and1847 provides context for an appreciation of Wuthering Heights. As industrialization spread, a growing middle class challenged the position of landed gentry. The Earnshaws and Heathclif f represent this moment. Heathcliff’s rise from an orphaned urchin to landholder in Wuthering Heights is a paradigm for the origins of capitalism within society.Heathcliff was a fatherless child when he was brought into Catherine’s family. He has some wil dness and strength in his bones. Belonging to a lower class, he tries to get his rights by opposing the upper class. He must do what he wants to do and follows his nature but does not care about others’ attitude. His action shows his capricious and resistant character. The influence of Heathcliff and Edgar leads to Catherine’s complex personality---strength, brawniness, a little wildness, dignity and vanity. At the beginning, due to Heathcliff’s influence, Catherine keeps her strength and brawniness.Catherine is very ambivalent in her love .Due to human nature, she loves Heathcliff deeply with childlike passion, and he r soul can’t live without him. But the social culture made her betray the love in order to satisfy her yearning for fame and wealth. She chooses Linton; hereby her love becomes a tragedy. Catherine learns dignity and vanity through contacting with Edgar. Edgar who is proud of his social status is a well-educated gentleman, so his action follows traditional manners. Besides, he is proud of his social status. She wants to marry Edgar to satisfyher vanity, so she is nearer to the social class to which Edgar belongs. In brief, Heathcliff makes Catherine keep her nature, while Edgar guides her into true middle class.Catherine’s utilitarian treatme nt of marriage is entirely caused by the social environment. The world was full of patriarchal values. Women's status was unequal in politics and economics. Their values can only be reflected in their marriage. As to Catherine, she does not overcome her vanity and weakness. The love can not escape from the times. They ruined their best things in this era. Because of this, their love must be a tragic love.In 19th century of England, economy, society, and politics had a great change. At that time, the prosperity of the middle and upper classes and the wrenched condition of the poor differed greatly. People of the underclass hardly had right in law, and destined to be abused by upper classes. Undoubtedly, cruel social environment and fierce class origin are regarded as root for their tragic love. Heathcliff is on behalf of these poor ones. He begins his life as a foundling boyadopted by Mr.Earnshaw. Uncared for and unloved, he lives in a hostile and frightening world in himself, which is caused by the real society. Heathcilff owned almost the love of Mr. Earnshaw, but he is badly treated by young Hindley, whose behaviors even make him distorted humanity. It is the injury inflicted on him during his childhood results in the tragedy later. Even when coming back y ears after Catherine’s marriage with great possessions, Heathcliff does not belong to the upper class because of his poor origin. That is to say, for a person from the lower, no matter how rich one is now, he is always what he is. The discrimination from others make they lose whatever they are longing for, including love, and dignity. The only thing left is toretaliate the world to balance the pain of the loss. More pains, more retaliations. It is natural for the appearance of distortions. In a word, such distortions come from the social reality and Heathcliff is a representative of the effects of cruelty, deprivation and alienation that are the products of civilization.3.2 Educational reasons for the tragedy3.2.1The family education for Heathcliff and CatherineHeathcliff's character determines his tragedy; however the formation of character is inseparable from the growth process of family education. He is a foundling boy; adopted by Mr. Earnshaw His arrival does not get the love and the warmth of family. Mr. Earnshaw’s son Hindley treats Heathcliff badly. After Mr. Earnshaw’s dead, Heathcliff is treated as a servant. He is deprived of dignity, and not educated. At last his only sustenance, Catherine also away marries Linton. He suffers from serious injuries. After that, he made the terrorist revenge for everyone include their descendants.Catherine has a superior family; all the family pampers her, so she has a little capricious. When she was young Mrs. Earnshaw was dead, her father is always busy on the business no time to train and educate her. After Mr. Earnshaw’s death, Heathcliff is misused by Hindley Catherine also be affected. She can not get education, she become a wild child.She wrestles with the self-willed and rational, dead with painful.3.2.2 Education conducted by the European Upper classIn the early 19th Century, when UK was a classic patriarchy society with a strong sense of hierarchy and class contradiction, divided human into several levels. Their working people not only were exploited and oppressed by the corrupt landed aristocracy, but also ruled by the emerging bourgeois nobles. Meanwhilewomen and proletariats were oppressed too, whose personal rights had been deprived. Too much education would "ruin" girls, making them unfit for marriage and motherhood. Consequently, most middle and upper middle class girls were taught little beyond basic reading and writing, and instead were trained in "accomplishments," such as music, drawing, and dancing, to better attract eligible suitors. As far as they were concerned, marriage was the best home they turned to, on which their all success or failure depended. Adiscussion of whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke, whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land or “trade”—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities.Charlotte Bronte in her preface to the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights, refers to Edgar as "an example of constancy and tenderness and goes on to suggest that her sister Emily was using Edgar to point out that such characteristics constitute true virtues in all human beings, and not just in women, as society tended to believe. At the top of British society was the royalty, followed by the aristocracy, then by the gentry, and then by the lower classes, who made up the vast majority of the population. The social status of aristocrats was a formal and settled matter, because aristocrats had official titles. A discussion of whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke, whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land or "trade"—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities. Considerations ofclass status often crucially inform the characters' motivations in Wuthering Heights. Catherine's decision to marry Edgar so that she will be "the greatest woman of the neighborhood" is only the most obvious example. The Lintons are relatively firm in their gentry’s status but nonetheless take great pains to prove this status through their behaviors. The shifting nature of social status is demonstrated most strikingly in Heathcliff's trajectory from homeless waif to young gentleman-by-adoption to common laborer to gentleman again (although the status-conscious Lockwood remarks that Heathcliff is only a gentleman in "dress and manners").4. The Internal Reasons for the Tragic Love4.1 Catherine’s own reasons4.1.1 Catherine’s growing environmentCatherine’s change is mainly from her values during the different environment between Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.Cath erine’s natural environment is stabbed as “wild child”. In her narrow world, Heathcliff isher only stabbed playmates and spirit. Her stay at the grange has brought about changes for her that affect the course of the lives Heathcliff and her own, both present and future. She has awared of the social difference between Heathcliff and herself. She has looked and acted as a lady after she returns to Wuthering Heights. She laughs at Heathcliff's unkempt appearance. When the Lintons visit Catherine the next day, Heathcliff dresses up himself to impress her. It fails when Edgar, one of the Linton children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. Unfortunately she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status andeducation. She therefore plans to marry Edgar who is a cultured gentleman with enough wealth to make herself as the greatness woman of the neighborhood. In fact, Catherine is totally absorbed in the new way of life and values as her spirit and nature belong to upper-class. Heathcliff has overheard the first part about not being able to marry him and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married.4.1.2 Catherine’s dual personalitiesCatherine’s character is filled with contradictions. On one hand, she is pure and free; on the other hand, she is selfish and vanity, which cause her into a dilemma since Edgar proposed her, and makes her mind collapse at last and she dies in childbirth.In the childhood, Catherine has the spirit of revolting, she always reacts against her father and her brother. During the process, she falls in love with Heathcliff. And she can bear all the punishment from her brother, except the separation from Heathcliff. "Without Heathcliff", she says, "the universe would turn to a mighty stranger". (Emily Bronte, 2005)As she grows up, Catherine hates the meaningless freedom. She seems to become another person after back home from Thorncross Grange. Catherin’s alternative could be easily found in many aspects: the changes of her manners, dress and social attitudes. Her dress is suitable in the Grange rather than in the Heights and she has become used to a life that is centered on the inside of houses and she can do no work. She has accustomed to such a style of living: others work for her, produce for her and satisfy her needs. She is attracted by the “cultural life” in the Lintons, and she starts to long for it.Catherine has thrown herself into a dilemma since EdgarLinton proposed her. She is eager for the honorable life in Thorncross Grange, where she can become a rich and great woman, but she also loves Heathcliff with her soul, just like she said to Nelly "My love for Edgar is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff"(Emily Bronte, 2005)The duality of Catherine's character revealed a crisis point with her marriage to Edgar - the one event in the novel above all others which determine the futures of the central characters. Catherine's marriage to him is a betrayal of her nature. Not only has she broken with her kindredspirit, Heathcliff, but she has physically removed herself from the wildness and freedom from the Heights. Catherine's marriage to Edgar and her rejection of Heathcliff is a rejection of herself. This choice made by Catherine favored wealth, civilization and social position over her natural affinity with the untamed, uncivilized world represented by Heathcliff.Catherine’s dual characters cause her tragedy, which has aroused the readers’ sympathy. As she lies dying, she says，“I wish I were girl again, half savage and hardy, and free, and laughing at injuries, not maddening under them! Why am I so changed?”(Emily Bronte,2005) she regrets her choice but now she has to face it and gives up her life at last.4.1.3Catherine’s betrayalWhen Catherine is a little girl, she is pure and free, she loves Heathcliff without minding his identity, and she falls in love with Heathcliff and bears all the punishment from her brother. But when she encounters Edgar, she realizes that from him she canget more respects and she would be the greatness woman of the neighborhood. She knows that she would never marry Healthcliff. In her heart, she still loves Heathcliff but she is totally absorbed in the new way of life and values as her spirit and nature belong to upper-class. Compared with Heathcliff, Linton is young, handsome, rich and in love with her. The most important is Linton can make her become the most respected woman. Catherine is a faithful partner of Heathcliff, they develop the true love in common resistance. However, Catherine finally betrays Heathcliff.Catherine’s betrayal of Heathcliff is the distortion of her personality and self-betrayal.The relationship determines the nature of their love. Their demand for love is conveyed in the process of their struggle for individual fulfillment and humanity.Catherine shows her passionate love for Heathliff and inseparability of them. But the nature of love should be explored within a context, because the novel shows love is based on mutual bullion and mutual aspirations. Catherine eventually betrays Heathcliff and becomes the mistress of Thrush cross Grange.Seduction by the glamour of the Grange is the beginning of Catherine’s change and distortion.Because Catherine is kind, she loves Heathcliff by the mercy. Because of her vanity, selfish and arrogant, she had betrayed her love to marry Edgar. Eventually Catherine becomes all the fuses of the tragedy. Catherine has been living in the pain of contradiction, her efforts herself to become an upper-class lady. She chooses to marry Linton, the real gentleman, although she still loves healthcliff. After the marriage, Catherine is still not out of pain, and contradictions until her death. Because her betrayal, a direct result of the tragic misfortune of her life, because her death, Heathcliff makes all the crazy revenge.So Catherine’s betrayal is the beginni ng of his own personal hell; for Heathcliff，Catherine’s betrayal is the turning point of his life; For Heathcliff, Catherine’s b etrayal leads him to cruel punishment or treatment to anyone who has relationship with Catherine or anyone he hates.4.2Heathcl iff’s own reasons4.2.1 Heathcliff’s growing environmentYoung Heathcliff’s childhood is full of both half-happiness and half-sadness, and it formats his life experience and social status and distorts his nature at the same time.A homeless gypsy boy named “Heathcliff” was abandoned by his parents after he was born, and this has a huge influence on his unreasonable disposition. Later he was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw. He is treated well by Mr. Earnshaw, and from Mr. Earnshaw, Heathcliff learns the kindness. The children of the Earnshaw family are the teenaged Hindley and his younger sister, Catherine. Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's affections and becomes bitterly jealous of Heathcliff. However, Catherine grows much attached to him. After Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley becomes master of Wuthering Heights, and forces Heathcliff to become a servant instead of a member of the family and exterts tyranny on Heathcliff. Despite the abuse of Hindley, Heathcliff still endure and tolerate on the support of Cathe rine’s love until they meet the Lintons . The seed of hatred has planted in his heart gradually. So his character is formed in this discrimination and betrayal of Catherine, both kindness and cruelty during his teenage time.4.2.2 Heathcliff’s extreme pers onalitiesHeathcliff is an orphan taken to Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw and reluctantly cared for by the rest of the family. Heand Catherine later grow close, and their love becomes the central theme of the first volume; his revenge and its consequences are the main theme of the second volume. So his extreme character is love and hatred.At first, Heathcliff is a pure and kind boy. When Mr. Earnshaw died, Heathcliff was very sad and made a heart-breaking cry. From this we can see his natural kindness character. He also has a strong love in his heart. It is the love that is natural and pure. He loves Catherine so much and faithfully and long-lasting. Only when he learned that Catherine was engaged with Edgar Linton, he left Wuthering Heights with angry, before this happened, he never thought that he would leave here for any reason, even when Hindley treated his badly. That’s because of his love for Catherine that gave him the hope. After three years, when he returned to Wuthering Heights, he still loves Catherine. Only having Catherine’s love, he can own the happiness.Heathcliff’s death for love expresses his everlasting love for Catherine, and the resurgence of his human nature.Due to the unfair life, misery experience and the betrayal love of Catherine, he becomes cruel, selfish and fierce. He deprived Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange step by step. He also hurts the young generation, making Cathy marry to his sick son. For revenge, Heathcliff‘s heart is distorted, of course, we admit that his revenge on people who had hurt his is successful. But his revenge is pointless; he spent all his life on revenge and at last, he lives lonely and is empty in spirit. He finally dies and achieves the reunion with Catherine.Healthcliff himself is contradicting. On one hand, he is kind and pure in nature; on the other hand, he becomes cruel when he returns to Wuthering Heights and take revenge on people。
_呼啸山庄_中男女主人公爱情悲剧的伦理原因剖析
《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的伦理原因剖析程梦雨(华中师范大学 文学院,湖北 武汉 430079)摘 要:一直以来,关于希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情悲剧的原因众说纷呈,不一而论,有人认为这场爱情悲剧具有社会必然性,不仅是社会的悲剧也是时代的悲剧。
也有人把它归结于希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳的性格原因。
本文主要对主人公之间爱情悲剧做出伦理层面的简要分析,在爱的悲剧面前,人性本质中潜在的恶的因素,现时的行为规范,个人的行为抉择对他人的影响,以及社会大环境下人和人之间的关系就很值得我们探讨。
关键词:伦理原因;潜在“恶”;行为;虚伪环境;介入者 一直以来,对于呼啸山庄的主题合乎逻辑的解释就是“关于爱与恨、善与恶之间的冲突”。
希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情悲剧的原因也是众说纷呈,不一而论,从作品的阅读中,笔者发现他们之间爱情悲剧有着深刻的伦理层面的根源,作品中人与人之间的关系,个人的行为抉择以及那个时代人们所遵循的约定俗成的行为规范都在潜移默化中推动着希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间爱情的发展走向。
甚至作品中所出现的几乎每一个人,善良的,邪恶的,有意的,无心的,都是那场爱情悲剧直接的凶手或者帮凶,无一逃脱。
一、潜在“恶”的直接推动每个人的心里面都有邪恶的种子,只是在现实的生活中它们有无被激发。
一直以来,纳莉在我们的心目中都是一个正面的人物形象。
可是事实并非如此。
纳莉作为全文的叙述者,有人说她是一个客观冷静的叙述者,但从阅读中笔者认为她可以说是作者有意安排在书中的一个是非标准,“照着我自个儿的方式把故事讲下去”,1p80一切的人和事都要经过她的标准筛选后才会向我们传达。
同时也是由于她的所作所为构成了故事情节发展的一个重要的因素。
比如文中一个重要的转折点:希克厉的出走。
纳莉明明知道希刺克厉夫就在屋子里,却没有阻止凯瑟琳的谈话,直接导致了希刺克厉夫的雨夜出走。
在作品中,纳莉表现在我们面前的都是一个善良的家庭主妇形象,一个类似于救世主的模样,她给了小哈里顿缺失的母爱,为小凯瑟琳带去了书籍,她一直站在林敦的那一边,认为他是最好的东家。
绝望的存在《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧的原因探析
在爱情悲剧主题方面，《荆棘鸟》和《呼啸山庄》有着异曲同工之妙。两部 小说中的爱情都充满了压抑与无奈，主人公们都在追求着不可实现的爱情。梅吉 与拉尔夫、希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳，他们的爱情都像是一场无声的战争，既没有胜 利的喜悦，也没有失败的绝望，只有无尽的痛苦与挣扎。
具体情节方面，《荆棘鸟》中，梅吉与拉尔夫的爱情从一开始就注定是一场 悲剧。拉尔夫对梅吉有着深深的情感，但出于对教义的忠诚和对家族的责任感， 他无法与梅吉厮守一生。而梅吉，她对拉尔夫的爱从始至终都没有改变过，即便 面对丈夫的背叛和儿子的死亡，她依然坚持着这份爱情。在《呼啸山庄》中，希 斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情也是一场无尽的折磨。
最后，家庭观念也是《呼啸山庄》中爱情悲剧的一个重要因素。在小说中， 家庭观念对个人的影响非常深刻。希斯克利夫在外出致富之后，为了报复凯瑟琳 的背叛和林顿家族的压迫，不惜牺牲自己的家庭和后代。而凯瑟琳和伊莎贝拉则 因为家庭利益而被迫放弃了爱情。这种家庭观念的束缚，使得他们无法自由地追 求自己的幸福。
然而，在复仇的过程中，希斯克利夫也失去了他的人性和爱，最终导致他的 死亡。这种自我毁灭的过程也是解构主义所强调的主题之一，即揭示了结构和规 则的内在矛盾。
德里达解构主义视角下的《呼啸山庄》主题还到小说中存在的权力关系。希 斯克利夫从一个弃儿变成了一个富有的人，他在整个过程中所获得的权力和地位 使他有足够的能力去实现他的报复计划。他在表面上是一个弱者，但他的精神和 毅力却使他变得强大。这种权力关系的转变也是解构主义所的一个重要方面。
绝望的存在《呼啸山庄》爱情 悲剧的原因探析
01 一、背景介绍
目录
02 二、分析原因
03 三、展开论述
04 四、举例支撑
05 五、总结结论
06 参考内容
《呼啸山庄》中爱情悲剧的原因探析
《呼啸山庄》中爱情悲剧的原因探析宛子鑫【摘要】《呼啸山庄》是英国19世纪著名作家艾米莉·勃朗特的代表作，在英国文学史上被称为“最奇特的小说”。
小说叙述了一个爱情悲剧，把一幅当时社会生活的畸形画卷展现在人们的面前。
作者详细勾勒了在扭曲的人性下种种令人恐怖的事件，爱得热烈、恨得狂暴，以及随后报复的无情。
作品中想象的丰富、情感的狂飙，足以产生震撼人心的艺术力量。
其中男女主人公悲剧的爱情，作为永恒的话题而被学术界和广大读者所探究。
基于此，在分析作者艾米莉·勃朗特的现实际遇的基础上，主要围绕男女主人公希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧进行分析论述，以期帮助读者更深刻地理解小说的主题思想。
【期刊名称】《林区教学》【年(卷),期】2014(000)012【总页数】2页(P39-40)【关键词】《呼啸山庄》;希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳;爱情悲剧;原因【作者】宛子鑫【作者单位】绥化学院外国语学院，黑龙江绥化152061【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I106.4在小说《呼啸山庄》中，男女主人公希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情是强烈、痛苦和绝望的，再加之随后希斯克利夫无情的报复，使这部作品具有惊动读者魂魄的力量。
小说问世至今的近百年来，很多学者从社会心理学、人道主义、人或人性等各种角度，讨论、研究造成小说中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因，从而压倒性地凸显了小说的主题。
希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情，具有伟大的精神特质，他们的爱远远地超越了普通形式的爱。
实际上，这种强烈的爱和强烈的恨，也是作者一生困苦的暗指，体现了作者由于不得志而产生的悲观情绪，同时又隐含着作者对现实世界的绝望和个人精神世界的幻灭。
下面，笔者着重基于创作心理学的角度，分析论述小说男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因。
一、现实生活中艾米莉·勃朗特的境遇作者艾米莉·勃朗特出生于贫困的牧师家庭，她的父亲原来是一名爱尔兰的农民，直到35 岁才与英国小郡的女子玛利亚·勃兰威尔结婚，并于1820 年将家搬到英国北部荒凉偏僻的霍沃斯教区，从此就定居在这里。
《呼啸山庄》一段“全军覆没”的三角恋，写尽了爱情中人性的贪婪
《呼啸山庄》一段“全军覆没”的三角恋，写尽了爱情中人性的贪婪22岁的凯瑟琳决定嫁给漂亮、年轻、活泼、有钱并且爱他的埃德加了。
嫁给他后她会成为画眉山庄的主人，会成为附近最了不起的女人。
但是，在她内心深处最深爱着另一个人。
这个人除了爱她一无所有，嫁给他就得做乞丐。
她虽然选择了嫁给埃德加，但是心里却不放下希刺克厉夫。
她说：世上每一个林惇（埃德加）都可以化为乌有，我绝不能够答应放弃希刺克厉夫。
鱼和熊掌不可兼得，最后三个人都不得善终。
艾米莉.勃朗特用灰暗的笔触勾勒了在扭曲的人性下三个人热烈、痛苦又绝望的爱。
在英国史上被称为“最奇特的小说”。
英国当代著名小说家毛姆也曾说：我想不出另外还有哪本书把爱情的痛苦、欢乐和残酷无情表现得如此强有力。
毛姆指的就是凯瑟琳、希刺克厉夫和埃德加的这段三角恋。
而美丽的凯瑟琳的选择就是悲剧的根源。
在爱情中，她太自私，太贪婪。
她既放不下那种刻骨铭心的灵魂之爱，又舍不得俗世中的体面与尊贵，当鱼与熊掌不可兼得时，她却想把这些全部握在自己的手中。
01.那段刻骨铭心的灵魂之爱，至死她都不愿意放下希刺克厉夫是个孤儿，8岁时被老恩萧（凯瑟琳的父亲）带回来呼啸山庄。
进入山庄后，他饱受冷眼和欺辱，只有小凯瑟琳真心对他。
恩萧先生去世后，年轻的恩萧先生（凯瑟琳的哥哥）开始管家，希刺克厉夫的日子过得更艰难了，但是他并不放在心上，因为无论是快乐还是惩罚，凯瑟琳都与他同在：凯瑟琳会把她所学的都交给他，会陪他在地里干活或玩耍；希刺克厉夫受罚挨打，凯瑟琳则被罚不许吃饭；副牧师留许多章节给凯瑟琳背诵，希刺克厉夫被打得胳膊疼……但只要他们在一起，一切不快都会烟消云散，他们像野人一样生长。
在这朝夕相对、同甘共苦的岁月中，他们的心越走越近，彼此爱上了对方。
爱你等于爱自己，凯瑟琳自己就说过：不论我的灵魂是什么做成了，他的和我的是一模一样的。
两个相似的灵魂完全契合，爱在他们心里扎根。
但是，凯瑟琳还是背叛了爱情。
一个偶然的机会凯瑟琳在画眉山庄住了五个星期，当她再回到呼啸山庄时，她的言行举止发生了巨大的改变：她不再时一个不戴帽子的小野人，而是一个从一匹漂亮的小黑马身上下来的一个非常端庄的人。
呼啸山庄的爱情悲剧根源
呼啸山庄的爱情悲剧根源1.凯瑟琳自我背叛和自我迷失○1自我背叛：凯瑟琳·恩肖和她父亲从利物浦捡回来的流浪儿希斯克利夫之间的爱情是从小就埋下了种子。
他们性格相似，从小就青梅竹马，两小无猜，心心相印。
然而，凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫对画眉田庄的一次偶然的造访改变了这一切。
此后凯瑟琳离开呼啸山庄，嫁给了林顿。
其实，凯瑟琳决定嫁给林顿，不是因为她爱林顿，而是因为林顿年轻漂亮，无忧无虑，又有钱，又爱她。
其实她己心里很清楚，她深爱的人是希斯克利夫，在遇到林顿之前，她也从没想过要嫁给别人。
“在艾米莉看来，凯瑟琳和林顿的不能相容意味着人性中最强大的激情是无法被道德化、文明化的，它超出两者的界域之外，凯瑟琳背弃希斯克利夫而选择嫁给林顿意味着她背弃了深层的自我，从此遭受自我失落的痛苦。
”凯瑟琳对自己的本性，也即“自我”的背弃，是该小说中一切悲剧的起源。
○2自我迷失：凯瑟琳违着心嫁给了林顿，背叛了自己的爱情，也背叛了希斯克利夫的爱情。
她背弃希斯克利夫而选择嫁给林顿就意味着她背叛了她自由的天性，意味着她背弃了深层的自我，于是她只能从此遭受痛苦和悔恨，从此陷入无尽的孤寂中，灵魂不再完整。
这种“自我”的迷失，作者在小说开头就以“迷路孩子”的意象进行了铺垫。
在小说第三章，凯瑟琳第一次以一个无家可归的游魂形象出现在洛克伍德的梦中。
尽管凯瑟琳婚后的生活表面上看似平静美满，她也尽量使自己成为画眉田山庄优雅的女主人，可她的本性里充溢着荒原狂野的气息，她的身体里躲着一只野兽，这只野兽只是暂时安眠而已。
现实与梦幻纠结在一起，表现了凯瑟琳被两个爱人分裂的痛楚。
对于凯瑟琳来说，只有摆脱了肉体的束缚，才能与爱人在灵魂上合二为一。
最终，凯瑟琳在精神错乱的状态下死去，其灵魂在荒原上久久徘徊，不肯离去。
离开了呼啸山庄，离开了希斯克利夫，凯瑟琳就等于失去了她的另一个自己，迷失了自我的她犹如一只迷途的羔羊，一个无家可归的流浪儿，只能在孤独中承受漂泊之苦。
《呼啸山庄》的婚恋悲剧分析
《呼啸山庄》的婚恋悲剧分析[摘要]艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》主要讲述的是希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情纠葛以及希斯克利夫的复仇故事，突出了男女主人公之间强烈的爱恨情仇。
这部典型的婚恋悲剧，其悲剧性主要体现为爱情和婚姻的错位。
本文通过对小说中的希斯克利夫、凯瑟琳、林顿和伊莎贝拉等几个人物的婚恋错位的分析，进而挖掘其悲剧意蕴，也探究其悲剧艺术魅力之所在。
[关键词]《呼啸山庄》；悲剧色彩；婚恋悲剧；人生悲剧；悲剧蕴含英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特著名小说《呼啸山庄》主要讲述了呼啸山庄和画眉山庄两代人的爱恨情仇，又以希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情纠葛以及希斯克利夫的复仇故事最为突出。
有论者对该小说改编的电影进行了评价：“《呼啸山庄》包含了太过疯狂和激烈的情感。
”[1]小说中也体现出了同样的情感效果：将爱情的美好、强烈和为爱而疯狂、为得不到爱而复仇、为爱而死等情景呈现出来，令人久久难以忘怀。
这是一部典型的婚恋悲剧，因为小说中几个人物之间错综复杂的情感矛盾和不幸婚恋，使其具有十分浓烈的悲剧色彩。
小说中的主要人物几乎都在上演着各自的人生悲剧，而他们的人生悲剧主要体现为婚恋悲剧，其悲剧性又主要体现为爱情和婚姻的错位或错置。
本文将对小说中的希斯克利夫、凯瑟琳、林顿和伊莎贝拉等四个人物的婚恋错位进行分析，以期进一步挖掘他们婚恋悲剧的意蕴和艺术魅力。
一、爱而不得在《呼啸山庄》中，希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧在于彼此相爱却没能相守。
他们本来可以有情人终成眷属，可是在等级制度、看重金钱和地位等社会观念的影响下，凯瑟琳在婚姻选择时，放弃了爱情，选择了有钱、有地位的画眉山庄的继承人林顿，致使她的爱情与婚姻发生了错位，进而导致了她和希斯克利夫之间出现“爱而不得”的人生悖论。
凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间的感情是青梅竹马、两小无猜的，他们曾经在荒原上纵情奔跑、玩耍，任自由天性和无限激情挥洒。
在呼啸山庄庄主老肖恩去世后，他们曾经一起抵抗凯瑟琳哥哥辛德莱对希斯克利夫的压迫和虐待，喜怒哀乐一起分享，他们就这样感情深笃地一起长大。
呼啸山庄爱情的执着与痛苦
呼啸山庄爱情的执着与痛苦在布朗特·哈希的经典小说《呼啸山庄》中，爱情是执着而又痛苦的。
这个故事以一个充满矛盾与悲剧的爱情风暴为主线，讲述了希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的纠缠与痛苦。
这对情侣之间的执着和痛苦将人们带入了一个缠绕复杂的情感世界，探讨了爱情的本质，也揭示了人性的黑暗面。
希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱情是一种无法言喻的执着。
他们从儿时起就相互依赖，一起度过了童年的快乐时光。
但是，社会地位和命运的差异让他们对彼此的感情产生了不同的理解。
当凯瑟琳选择了和希斯克利夫的对手埃德加结婚时，希斯克利夫心灰意冷，离开了家乡，走上了一条孤独的道路。
然而，即使是在希斯克利夫消失多年之后，他对凯瑟琳的爱情依然执着。
他坚定地相信自己是凯瑟琳唯一真正的爱人，拒绝接受她已婚生子的现实。
希斯克利夫即使在黑暗中苟延残喘，也始终等待着凯瑟琳回归。
然而，这种执着的爱情也带来了巨大的痛苦。
凯瑟琳受到了丈夫埃德加的精心呵护，生活在富裕与舒适之中。
她受到了外界的诱惑和诱导，试图放弃对希斯克利夫的思念。
这种内心的斗争让凯瑟琳备受痛苦折磨，她陷入无法自拔的困境中。
同时，希斯克利夫的执着也给凯瑟琳造成了痛苦，他对她的缠绕不清让她感到束缚和无法自由。
这两个人视爱情为生活中唯一的依靠，但他们的相爱却成为对彼此的折磨。
《呼啸山庄》中的爱情执着与痛苦也反映了人性的复杂性。
希斯克利夫在爱情中变得狡猾、痛苦和报复心理。
他的执着成为了对他人的伤害，他对凯瑟琳、埃德加和他们的孩子们施以了毫无道理的恶意。
即使在最后，他也选择将自己的心脏与凯瑟琳永远地埋葬在一起，表现出了他对爱情的痴迷与痛苦的复仇。
凯瑟琳的爱情也是矛盾而执着的，她既想要得到希斯克利夫，又不愿放弃她的稳定生活。
她在爱情的道路上摇摆不定，无法给予希斯克利夫一个真正的承诺。
《呼啸山庄》给我们上了一堂关于爱情的深刻课程。
爱情既可以给人带来极大的快乐，也能给人带来创伤与痛苦。
它既是人类最美好的情感，也是最复杂的心灵纠结。
呼啸山庄男女主角的爱情
浅析呼啸山庄女主人公的爱情悲剧英国19世纪女作家艾米莉勃朗特在呼啸山庄中刻画了女主人公凯瑟琳恩肖对希刺克利夫的爱情.凯瑟琳的爱情并非以缠绵悱恻感人,而是以强烈深刻震撼人的心灵,她的爱情悲剧具有深刻的哲理意义和社会意义.凯瑟琳对希刺克利夫的爱情的产生既非由于受到他外貌性格的吸引,更非由于地位名利的世俗打算.他们的爱情是在反抗辛德雷等人的压迫和暴虐中建立起来的他们的爱情是深刻的,强烈的.希刺克利夫是老恩肖捡回来的一个弃儿,外貌性格都十分粗野,受到少爷辛德雷的歧视和虐待.凯瑟琳是呼啸山庄这所荒原上的一株生命之花,她活泼,任性,个性强悍.她憎恨辛德雷对她的欺压,而且出自她不受拘束的自然天性,同情并站在希刺克利夫一边,从不以上等阶级的傲慢轻视他.她对希刺克利夫的爱情并不温柔,但却十分强烈.她爱希刺克利夫并非因为他可爱而是因为她的灵魂与他的灵魂一模一样,出于真正意义上爱情的需要.凯瑟琳曾对耐莉分析过自己的这种感情:“不是因为他漂亮,耐莉,而是因为他比我更象我自己.不论我们的灵魂是什么,做成的他的和我的是一模一样的.—在这个世界上,我的最大的悲痛就是希刺克利夫的悲痛, 而且我从一开始就注意和感受到了,在我的生活中,他是我思想的中心.如果别的一切都毁了,而他还留下来,我就能继续活下去,如果别的一切都留下来,而他却给消失了,这个世界对于我将成为一个极陌生的地方.”由此可以看出,凯瑟琳和希刺克利夫之间的爱情的性质不同于普通的男女爱情,他们的爱情由于是建立在反对辛德雷等人的压迫暴虐的基础上,所以他本身就包含着深刻的人性,体现着对正义和人道的追求,体现着生命的价值.背叛这种爱情就意味着背叛人性,痛弃生命本身.凯瑟琳后来痛弃了这种爱情,她选择并嫁给了画眉山庄的主人—富有的林,她幻想能帮助希刺克利夫离开,能把他放在一个辛德雷无权过问的地方.她错了,希刺克利夫离开了她,等她再见到他时,她发现她无法消弥林惇与希刺克利夫之间的对立与仇恨.林惇以对待下等阶级的态度对待希刺克利夫,他与辛德雷并无两样,希刺克利夫也要向这个靠地位和财产夺去了他的恋人的仇人复仇,凯瑟琳永远无法实现她的爱情了,最后走向疯狂与死亡.小说对凯瑟琳的爱情刻画是哲理性的而非伦理性的.小说通过凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧,深刻表现了情感与理性,理想与现实,灵与肉种种矛盾冲突.就自然本性而言,凯瑟琳只爱希刺克利夫,至死如此.在她的身上有最深刻强烈的爱情,她的情感与作为坦白真诚,毫无造作之矫饰,就社会中的人而言,她的选择又在情理中,因为只有与林惇结合她才能够在那个社会中生存下去,她的选择是现实而不是浪漫的,是任何一个在社会中生活的人的实际选择.凯瑟琳爱情的悲剧在于,她一方面意识到自己灵魂中真正爱情的欲求,另一方面又意识到了社会性的理性约束,对于她,希刺克利夫代表着爱情,她要以全部的精神牢牢地坚守着,林惇代表着她在那个社会赖以生存的基础,她又无法舍弃,在凯瑟琳身上情与理,灵与肉,理想与现实是分裂的,种种矛盾冲突使她倍受痛苦折磨,导致了她精神疯狂与肉体死亡,最后酿成悲剧,凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧中包含着丰富的哲理意蕴.凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧是一个社会悲剧,呼啸山庄是1847年维多利亚时代生活的反映,在约克郡荒原的偏僻庄园里,凯瑟琳是无法从爱情出发选择婚姻的,即使凯瑟琳选择与希刺克利夫结合,也不可能实现她与希刺克利夫那种意义上的爱情,凯瑟琳只能选择林惇,她的爱情注定是个悲剧.社会存在决定了凯瑟琳的选择是不自由的.In the novel ,Katherine Linda of love is not to extremely sad moving, but to strongly deep shocked people of soul, she of love tragedy has deep of philosophy significance and social significance. Katherine Linda on Greek thorn Jimmy cliff of love of produced both non-due to was he appearance character of attracted, more non-due to status fame, of secular intends to. they of love is in revolt Hindley, people of oppression and oppressiveIn the established up of they of love is deep of, strongly of. Greek thorn Jimmy Cliff is old Earnshaw picked up back of a outcast, appearance character are is savage, was master Hindley of discrimination and abuse. Katherine Linda is roared Villa this by wilderness Shang of a strains life of spent, she lively, wayward, personality powerful. She hate Hindley on she of bullying, and from she does not by binding of natural nature, sympathy and station in Greek thorn Jimmy cliff side, never to choice class of arrogance despise he. She on Greek thorn Jimmy cliff of love does not gentle, But is is strongly. she love Greek thorn Jimmy Cliff is not because he lovely but because she of soul and he of soul exactly, for real significance Shang love of needs. Katherine Linda had on resistance Mary analysis had own of this feelings: "is not because he beautiful, resistance Mary, but because he than I more as I own. regardless of we of soul is what, made of he of and I ofis exactly of.-in this world Shang, I of maximum of grief is Greek thorn Jimmy cliff of grief, and I from a began on note and feel to has, In my life, he was central to my thought. If everything is ruined, and he also left beh ind, I can go on living, if everything else stayed, and he disappeared, the world I will be a very strange place. " From here we can see, Catherine and the Greek Cypriot thorn between Jimmy Cliff's love of nature is different from ordinary men and women love their love becauseIs established in against Hindley, people of oppression oppressive of Foundation Shang, so he itself on contains with deep of humanity, reflected with on justice and humanitarian of pursuit, reflected with life of value. betrayed this love on means with betrayed humanity, pain abandoned life itself. Katherine Linda later pain abandoned has this love, she select and married has thrush Villa of master-rich of forest, she fantasy can help Greek thorn Jimmy Cliff left, can to he placed in a Hindley shall not be entitled to involved of local. She wrong has, Greek thorn Jimmy Cliff left has she,, she then see he Shi , She found she cannot Xiao along forest sincere and Greek thorn Jimmy Cliff Zhijian of opposition and hatred. forest sincere to treat waits class of attitude treat Greek thorn Jimmy cliff, he and Hindley and no two, Greek thorn Jimmy Cliff also to to this by status and property WINS to has he of lovers of enemy revenge, Katherine Linda forever cannot implementation she of love has, last to crazy and death. novels on Katherine Linda of love characterizations is philosophical of and non-ethics sexual of. novels through Katherine Linda of love tragedy, deep performance has emotion and rational, ideal and reality, Ling and meat various contradictions conflict. on natural nature,, Katherine Linda only love Greek thorn Jimmy cliff, to died so. in she of who has most deep strongly of love, she of emotion and as frankly sincere, no make-of pretending, on social in the of people,, she of select and in reasonable in the, because only and Lin 惇combination she only can in that social in the survival down, she of select is reality and is not romantic of, is any a in social in the life of people of actual select. Katherine Linda love of tragedy is, She while realized that own soul in the real love of wanting, on the and realized that has social of rational constraint, for she, Greek thorn Jimmy Cliff representative with love, she to to all of spirit firmly to adhere to with, Lin 惇representative with she in that social which survival of Foundation, she and cannot discards, in Katherine Linda who love and acting, Ling and meat, ideal and reality is split of, various contradictions conflict makes she's award-winning pain tortured, led has she spirit crazy and flesh death, last causing tragedy, Katherine Linda of love tragedy in the contains with rich of philosophy implication. Katherine Linda of love tragedy is a social tragedy, roared Villa is 1847 Victoria era life of reflect, in York County wilderness of remote Manor in, Katherine Linda is cannot from love starting select marriage of, even Katherine Linda select and Greek thorn Jimmy Cliff combination, also impossible implementation she and Greek thorn Jimmy cliff that significance Shang of love, Katherine Linda only select forest sincere, she of lo ve destined to is a tragedy. social existence decided has Katherine Linda of select is does not free of.HeathcliffHe is a fictional character in the novel . Owing to the novel's enduring fame and popularity, he is often regarded as an archetype of the tortured. He can also be viewed as a reflection and product of his psychological past: the abuse, neglect and scorn of those with whom he grows up render him. His complicated, mesmerizing and altogether bizarre nature makes him a rare character, with components of both the hero and the anti-hero.。
从女性主义视角看《呼啸山庄》中女主人公的婚姻悲剧-精选文档
从女性主义视角看《呼啸山庄》中女主人公的婚姻悲i=r艾米莉.勃朗特生活的30年（1818—1848年）正是英国社会动荡的年代，资本主义的缺陷日益严重地暴露出来，劳资矛盾加深；失业工人数量激增；1820 年，艾米莉举家搬到了豪渥斯地区，她家的住宅位于豪渥斯工业区与荒野之间。
艾米莉在感受旷野氛围的同时，也认识到了资本主义社会的弊端。
正是在这样的背景下，艾米莉开始了《呼啸山庄》的创作（田玲玲，应碧金，2002）。
这部作品的问世，无形中反映了作者很强的女性意识，对女性身份进行了重构。
本小说描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不顺，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。
全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神，又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。
分析故事中女主人公的婚姻悲剧能更好地解读作者独特的女性意识，女主人公的女性形象以及本作品的主题及文化内涵。
、女主人公凯瑟琳的婚姻悲剧分析小说《呼啸山庄》中，从头至尾都暗示着故事的悲剧性，从开始暴风雪的天气弥漫广袤的荒原就为故事的悲剧性做了铺垫，紧接着女主人公凯瑟琳幽灵的出现以及她那让人毛骨悚然的呼救声为悲剧拉开了帷幕，分析其婚姻的悲剧性可从以下三个方面一一剖析。
一）社会地位悬殊社会地位悬殊是造成凯瑟琳婚姻悲剧的社会环境因素。
人们的传统价值观念和社会范畴是一个文明世界的产物，其在很大程度上决定着人们的思想与行为。
《呼啸山庄》凯瑟琳选择嫁给埃德加是直接受社会环境的影响的制约。
凯瑟琳生长在具有几百年历史的贵族家庭，她是贵族小姐。
社会现实和早期的家庭教育对她有很大的影响，且这种影响虽长她年龄的增长日益加剧。
随着时间的流失，她纯洁的心灵慢慢地被社会现实和文明社会的本土价值观念侵蚀。
按照社会范畴，凯瑟琳和埃德加的婚姻才称的上是“门当户对”。
通过这样的婚姻，凯瑟琳才能获得财富和高贵的社会地位。
相反的，希斯克利夫是欧肖先生（凯瑟琳的父亲）在吉卜赛街上捡来的，是一个弃儿，没有贵族出生身份，没有任何财富和社会地位。
《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧的根源剖析
《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧的根源剖析摘要：《呼啸山庄》是一出展现惊天地、泣鬼魂的爱恨交织生死恋情的爱情悲剧。
本文从凯瑟琳背叛和希斯克利夫复仇的视角，着重剖析其悲剧演绎的社会与人性的根源所在，从而揭示小说人物刻画的艺术构想。
关键词：呼啸山庄爱与恨凯瑟琳希斯克利夫1 爱恨交加的情缘《呼啸山庄》的剧情主题反映在爱情与复仇的故事情缘之中。
它既充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神，又笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。
其狂放不羁的浪漫主义风格蕴含在阴冷与暴力，神秘怪诞与隐隐约约的神圣温情中。
故事的男主角希斯克利夫是山庄主人恩肖捡回来的一个弃儿，地位低下，遭到山庄主人的儿子辛德雷蔑视和虐待，而女主角凯瑟琳小姐却与希斯克利夫相爱。
但是后来，凯瑟琳却绝情变故，答应了来自画眉山庄的绅士林顿的求爱，并嫁给了他。
由此，希斯克利夫便愤而出走。
三年过后，希斯克利夫发财归来，并开始了自己的复仇计划。
最终，凯瑟琳在悔恨和病痛中死去，希斯克利夫也在思念中抑郁而亡。
显而易见，《呼啸山庄》演绎的是一场浪漫中带着压抑、豪放中透着温情、平凡却又超脱世俗的爱情悲剧。
女主人公的背叛导致了整个悲剧的产生，古老的庄园，凄凉的荒原也都为这个悲剧的产生埋下了伏笔，在这个自然文明与人类文明的斗争中，爱恨交加的极端对抗，更加凸显了这场爱情悲剧的戏剧化。
2 失去自我的背叛作为呼啸山庄的大小姐，家庭的富裕使天真善良的凯瑟琳养成骄傲任性的性格。
凯瑟琳深爱着希斯克利夫，虽然亨德雷对他们百般压迫，但他们对爱坚贞不移，共同反抗，相互搀扶：“在这个世界上，我最大的悲苦就是希斯克利夫的悲苦……我活着的最大目的，就是他。
即使别的一切全都消亡了，只要他留下来，我就能继续活下去；而要是别的一切都留下来，只有他毁灭了，那么整个世界就成了一个极其陌生的地方，我就不再像是它的一部分了。
”[1]p78可是凯瑟琳终究是上流社会的产物，无论她的思想境界有多崇高，她仍然不可能脱离上流社会。
他们坚固的爱情在林顿的出现后产生了变化。
《呼啸山庄》：热烈与疯狂的爱情
《呼啸山庄》：热烈与疯狂的爱情《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特在19世纪时所著的一部风靡全球的文学作品，也是她唯一的一部长篇小说。
小说以乡村庄园呼啸山庄为背景，通过描述主人公希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间充满热烈与疯狂的爱情，揭示了当时英国社会阶层、宗教观念和人性复杂的一面。
本文将从多个角度解读《呼啸山庄》中的热烈与疯狂的爱情，以及其在当代社会中的启示。
希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳：热烈而疯狂的爱情1. 爱情的纠结与痴迷希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳是《呼啸山庄》中最为经典和深刻的爱情形象之一。
他们之间的爱情如同暴风雨般湍急而激烈，同时又充满了错综复杂的纠结和痴迷。
凯瑟琳原本应该嫁给富有、温文尔雅的埃德加，却因为对希斯克利夫那种原始、粗野的吸引而选择了出身低微、野蛮粗鲁的希斯克利夫。
他们之间的感情仿佛被禁锢在呼啸山庄肮脏的厮杀之中，这种被禁锢的感觉使得两人之间的爱情更显得执着而执拗。
2. 爱恨交织下的悲剧结局希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间并不是纯粹甜蜜美好的爱情，在他们之间更多地是爱恨交织。
希斯克利夫深爱着凯瑟琳，但同时又因为她嫁给了别人而怀恨在心；凯瑟琳对希斯克利夫有着放肆而不羁的追求，却又因为别人家境优越而选择嫁给了别人。
最终，在种种误会和冲突下，两人之间终究走向了一场悲剧性的结局。
当代社会中的爱情启示1. 对真爱的追求《呼啸山庄》中展现出的热烈与疯狂的爱情情感激荡而动人心魄。
这种强大且纯粹的真爱是当代社会中值得我们思考和追求的。
现代社会中，在物质至上、金钱至上的浮躁氛围下，我们往往容易被功利和权利所冲昏头脑，忽略了真挚而执着、深沉而持久的爱情之美。
2. 宽容与理解在当代社会中，彼此间怀有宽容和理解十分必要。
希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间因为种种误会和坚持不懈的自我意志导致了最终令人扼腕叹息的结局。
然而，在感情中，我们应该学会宽容对方、理解对方，尊重对方个体人格与多样性。
结语《呼啸山庄》中描绘出来的那场关于希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳之间纷乱复杂又无比真实、深刻并令人动容至极的爱情故事，让我们看到了一场一生一世、跌宕起伏却依然美好甜蜜、平凡却闪耀永恒魅力的爱情盛宴。
_呼啸山庄_中男女主人公悲剧的心理分析.
青年文学家28《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公悲剧的心理分析龙少华湖南人文科技学院湖南娄底 417000摘要:《呼啸山庄》是一个充满离奇、诡异的爱情悲剧,全文围绕着希思克利夫与凯瑟琳·思肖的爱情和他的复仇而展开。
希斯克厉夫与凯瑟琳都是典型的悲剧人物,本文主要根据弗洛伊德的人格心理学、马斯洛的需要层次原理和 Dollard的挫折攻击假说理论来分析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公的悲剧,表明资本主义社会的理性限制了人们内心的动力,泯灭了熊熊燃烧的人性,这就是他们内心不安的根源所在。
关键词:爱,人格心理学,需要层次原理,挫折攻击假说理论,人性[中图分类号]:I106 [文献标识码]:A [文章编号]:1002-2139(2010-18-0028-02《呼啸山庄》这部小说主人公希斯克厉夫与凯瑟琳之间的强烈的爱是故事的主题。
他们之间的爱远远超出任何一种世俗爱情。
尽管他们之间的爱被视为浪漫爱情,但却是一种精神的而非普通的浪漫爱情。
他们给予对方的爱不是一种快乐,而是一种极大的痛苦。
他们谈论的不是生在一起而是死在一起。
他们不是以吃来维持生命,而是不吃来维持生命。
他们的生死恋,这样强烈,这样真挚,真是“和山峰一样不变,和闪电一般凶猛。
”①同样,希斯克厉夫对凯瑟琳的爱,是自然之爱,原始之爱,精神之爱,灵魂之爱。
然而,埃德加的出现改变了一切。
当凯瑟琳背叛自己的本性而与埃德加.林顿结婚时,希斯克厉夫对凯瑟琳的爱使他极端憎恨除凯瑟琳以外的任何人。
这样,希斯克厉夫的世界一片黑暗,内心也因失去生命的精神支柱而充满痛苦和仇恨。
然而,凯瑟琳在希斯克厉夫和埃德加之间的选择表明了人类的困惑。
英国评论家阿诺•凯特尔(ArnoldKettle②在论及十九世纪的小说时说“《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒,他们生活在这个世界里,而且努力去改变它,有时顺利,却总是痛苦的,几乎不断遇到困难,不断犯错误。
”一些评论家认为,艾米莉.勃朗特在创造呼啸山庄时,就已在她的内心深处找寻到希斯克厉夫和凯瑟琳这样两个人物,因为作者可能能够接受这样一种观点:一个人的灵魂深处是存在另一个人的。
心灵真实：《呼啸山庄》中的情感剖析
心灵真实：《呼啸山庄》中的情感剖析引言《呼啸山庄》是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特于1847年出版的一部经典小说。
该小说以扑朔迷离、充满矛盾和动荡的人际关系为背景，揭示了人们心灵深处隐藏的情感冲突与欲望。
本文将通过对主要角色之间复杂情感关系的分析，探讨小说中心灵真实的展现。
1. 报复与憎恨之爱《呼啸山庄》中最引人注目的是希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间纠缠不清的情感关系。
他们之间既有深厚的爱意，又伴随着报复和憎恨。
希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳怀有深深的爱意，但同时也对她背叛自己而愤怒不已。
这种错综复杂的情感关系使得他们无法完全解开彼此的羁绊，同时也表达了作者对人性善恶并存的思考。
2. 社会阶级和爱情的纠结《呼啸山庄》中，社会阶级对人们的生活和爱情产生了巨大影响。
例如，凯瑟琳的婚姻选择受到了家族利益和社会地位的束缚，而非真正的爱情。
这种纠结不仅对凯瑟琳自己造成了伤害，也给希斯克利夫带来了痛苦和无奈。
小说通过描绘这种社会阶级与爱情之间的冲突，展现出人们在面临权力和传统约束时内心真实感受。
3. 女性角色的探索与解放《呼啸山庄》中包含着对女性角色归属、贞操、责任等问题的思考。
凯瑟琳作为主要女性角色之一，在追求真爱与个人意愿之间陷入困境。
她在遭受家族压力和社会期望下，艰难地寻找自我，并最终选择了适应社会规范而非个人欲望。
小说通过对女性角色的探索与解放，提出了关于自由选择和平等权利的问题。
4. 自然环境与心灵抉择《呼啸山庄》的故事发生在荒凉而美丽的山脉地区，这个特殊的自然环境与人们心灵抉择产生深刻关联。
希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳都曾受到自然环境的影响，他们内心深处的情感与外部世界相互呼应。
这种自然与心灵之间的联系进一步突出了小说中角色情感体验的真实与复杂性。
结论通过对《呼啸山庄》中情感剖析，我们可以看到作者通过身份、阶级、性别和自然等多重因素展示了人们内心纠结和冲突。
小说揭示了现实主义思潮下人性的复杂性，并对社会压力下个人选择、爱情和自由进行思考。
论呼啸山庄爱情悲剧成因
论呼啸山庄爱情悲剧成因内容摘要：《呼啸山庄》的爱情悲剧源于人性的自我异化和严重扭曲时世俗门第等级观念四处横行的社会里，凯瑟琳改嫁给埃德加·林顿已不是出于自己的初衷，她背叛了“自我”。
受到爱情挫折的希思克利夫疯狂的报复，也违背了正常人的感情和伦理道德观念。
真诚、善良的人性完全被当时的资本主义社会所摧残和扭曲，原本伟大的爱情最终被毁灭。
《呼啸山庄》的爱情悲剧是社会的悲剧，也是他们自身的悲剧。
关键词：呼啸山庄爱情悲剧人性的扭曲《呼啸山庄》是一部公认的在英国十九世纪文坛上焕发异彩的天才之作。
它充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神，又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。
其狂放不羁的浪漫主义《风格蕴含在阴冷而暴力，神秘怪诞又隐隐约约透出神圣温情的背景中。
它的整个场景是一个封闭的小社会——两个孤立的山庄和开放的大自然与荒原，然而在书中人物身上体现着爱与恨两种极端，极度的爱中混杂着极度的恨，使小说在颤栗中呈现出极为强烈的戏剧化色彩。
(一)希思克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱情是在一个极其特殊的环境下产生的。
希思克利夫被好心的恩肖抱回家收养，曾被恩肖疼爱过，也曾和凯瑟琳一起读书、学习，他们生活得很快乐，可自从老主人去世后，希思克利夫的生活和受教育权利就被完全的剥夺了，他过着被欣德利仇视，被其任意打骂、虐待、猪狗不如的生活，在那时，唯一关心他的是凯瑟琳，唯一爱他的是凯瑟琳，唯一能安慰他狂燥、仇恨之心的也是凯瑟琳，她是他的朋友、爱人和偶像，是他为之生存的一切，希思克利夫除凯瑟琳以外一无所有，在那个孤寂的处境中，在这个凄凉冰冷的呼啸山庄里，凯瑟琳除希思克利夫以外也没有别的朋友，他们彼此互相依赖，互相理解，于是开始联合起来，共同反抗欣德利的压迫。
在抗争中，他们发现了相互间深沉而强烈的需要，希思克利夫倾心于凯瑟琳这个活泼、倔强而具有野性的姑娘，只有她才能给他理解和友谊。
而凯瑟琳也意识到要获得真正的自由、平等和尊严，只有彻底地和他站在一起，共同反抗欣德利的压迫。
从依恋伦理看《呼啸山庄》主人公希力克列夫悲剧性格的形成
从依恋伦理看《呼啸山庄》主人公希力克列夫悲剧性格的形成摘要《呼啸山庄》是英国19世纪国内享有盛名的小说家艾米丽•勃朗特著作的仅有的一部小说。
它因为强烈的情感表现，人物个性塑造的鲜明被后人誉为“最奇特的小说”。
其中男主人公希力克列夫因其强烈的爱情观，无情的复仇行动及不寻常的举止而成为一个文学经典人物。
本文运用依恋伦理分析希力克列夫的依恋类型及表现，从而揭示他内心的冲突和心理活动，从而更好理解其复杂的悲剧性格是如何形成的。
关键词：依恋伦理呼啸山庄悲剧性格一、《呼啸山庄》概述1.小说简介及写作背景《呼啸山庄》是英国勃朗特姐妹之一的艾米丽·勃朗特的作品，是20世纪之前英国文学中具有代表性的一部作品。
小说讲述山庄老主人收养了疑似吉卜赛弃儿的希力克列夫，因为在山庄受辱和恋爱不顺到外面寻找致富机会。
因其女友凯瑟琳与地主林顿结婚，遂回来后对其及其子女实施了报复行为的故事。
全篇充满了浓厚的反压迫，为幸福奋斗的拼搏精神，始终笼罩着离奇，紧张的浪漫气息。
艾米丽·勃朗特生活在英国社会动荡的三十年。
资本主义逐步发展并日益暴露出其固有的缺陷；锐化的劳动和资本之间的矛盾；可怜的待业工人；大量的童工被残酷地折磨致死。
除此之外，还有英国政府使用高压手段对待工人运动和民主改革的斗争：最好的证明就是发生于1819年的彼得路大屠杀。
因此这种现象也反应在当时的文学作品中。
2.国内外研究概况国内对于小说《呼啸山庄》的研究非常丰富，主要集中在以下几个方面：分析小说的主题、人物、艺术技巧，将《呼啸山庄》与其它文学作品进行比较，对艾米丽·勃朗特生平的关注等等。
研究《呼啸山庄》时涉及的文学理论也比较全面，马克思主义、女性主义、结构主义叙事学、后殖民主义、生态批评等理论都有所体现。
与国外的评论相比，国内研究的特殊之处在于：一是在进行平行比较时，国内学者会选择一些中国的文学作品，比如《金锁记》、《日出》、《红楼梦》等，二是由于众多中译本的存在而衍生的译介研究。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的伦理原因剖析程梦雨(华中师范大学 文学院,湖北 武汉 430079)摘 要:一直以来,关于希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情悲剧的原因众说纷呈,不一而论,有人认为这场爱情悲剧具有社会必然性,不仅是社会的悲剧也是时代的悲剧。
也有人把它归结于希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳的性格原因。
本文主要对主人公之间爱情悲剧做出伦理层面的简要分析,在爱的悲剧面前,人性本质中潜在的恶的因素,现时的行为规范,个人的行为抉择对他人的影响,以及社会大环境下人和人之间的关系就很值得我们探讨。
关键词:伦理原因;潜在“恶”;行为;虚伪环境;介入者 一直以来,对于呼啸山庄的主题合乎逻辑的解释就是“关于爱与恨、善与恶之间的冲突”。
希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情悲剧的原因也是众说纷呈,不一而论,从作品的阅读中,笔者发现他们之间爱情悲剧有着深刻的伦理层面的根源,作品中人与人之间的关系,个人的行为抉择以及那个时代人们所遵循的约定俗成的行为规范都在潜移默化中推动着希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间爱情的发展走向。
甚至作品中所出现的几乎每一个人,善良的,邪恶的,有意的,无心的,都是那场爱情悲剧直接的凶手或者帮凶,无一逃脱。
一、潜在“恶”的直接推动每个人的心里面都有邪恶的种子,只是在现实的生活中它们有无被激发。
一直以来,纳莉在我们的心目中都是一个正面的人物形象。
可是事实并非如此。
纳莉作为全文的叙述者,有人说她是一个客观冷静的叙述者,但从阅读中笔者认为她可以说是作者有意安排在书中的一个是非标准,“照着我自个儿的方式把故事讲下去”,1p80一切的人和事都要经过她的标准筛选后才会向我们传达。
同时也是由于她的所作所为构成了故事情节发展的一个重要的因素。
比如文中一个重要的转折点:希克厉的出走。
纳莉明明知道希刺克厉夫就在屋子里,却没有阻止凯瑟琳的谈话,直接导致了希刺克厉夫的雨夜出走。
在作品中,纳莉表现在我们面前的都是一个善良的家庭主妇形象,一个类似于救世主的模样,她给了小哈里顿缺失的母爱,为小凯瑟琳带去了书籍,她一直站在林敦的那一边,认为他是最好的东家。
“我的心始终偏向东家这一边,而不是偏向凯瑟琳那一边。
我自以为是有理由的,因为他和善,正派,信任别人;而她呢———虽然不能说截然相反,可是她的行动未免太随心所欲,叫我难以相信她立身处世有什么准则,更难于对她的一喜一怒产生同感。
”1p95在小说以后的发展轨迹上我们可以看出,纳莉所谓的准则就是如她所说的“和善,正派,懂礼节,举止体面。
”所以她不喜欢凯瑟琳的疯狂与冲动,自然也不喜欢希刺克厉夫的鲁莽与粗野。
就连以前在她看来优雅的伊莎蓓拉在报复希刺克厉夫的时候,她也指责伊的行为,“听你的话,人家还以为你一辈子从没打开过《圣经》呢。
”并认为她“在他的痛苦上再添加你的折磨,那可是又卑鄙又狂妄了。
1p158但她自己又是怎样对待别人的呢?在希刺克厉夫第一次来到呼啸山庄时,留给我们深刻印象的并不是两个孩子在看到礼物被压碎时的哭闹,他们都还是个孩子,对于孩子们的行为我们总是可以给与原谅,或者说谅解。
作为仆人的纳莉的表现呢?她“把他放在楼梯平台上,心里巴望他明天不知去向了。
”1p33为了这不近人情的行为,她被赶了出来。
她为什么要这么做呢?希刺克厉夫和她只是初识,他们并没有利益上的直接冲突,她的这种行为说明了什么呢?凯瑟琳把自己的真心话向她倾诉,小凯瑟琳也把她当作知心朋友。
但是她却辜负了她们的信任。
作为一个冷静的叙述者,那个时代的见证人,所有的人和事经过她的是非标准筛选后才能展现在我们面前,而正是通过她的一系列的行为作者表现了对这个是非标准的质疑。
她知道小凯841瑟琳屡次去看小林敦,她明明知道那样做是不行的,却还一直纵容,最后酿成小凯瑟琳的悲剧。
她同情东家林敦,却又帮着希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳幽会,明知道病人不能经受刺激,但她都做了,以她那样的特殊身份,如她所说的一个有教养的女性,这样的安排很难说不是作者的特别用意。
她直接造成了希刺克厉夫的出走,促成希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳的爱情三年时间上的阻隔,也正是她最后对凯瑟琳的误解,“听着她的嘱咐,却若无其事似的。
”1p104在凯瑟琳病重的时候,仍和林敦说着她一点事也没有,让林敦别去理她。
在她的讲述中,她是这样说的:“要是我知道她究竟是怎么个情况,我就不会说这些话了,可是我就是摆不开这么一个想法:她这病一半是装出来的。
”1p107她只是一个管家,但在小说中,她却时常忘记自己的身份。
更为甚者,这个仆人还拥有自己的做事原则,并且时时为自己开脱。
“我这么做,是对了还是错了?我只怕是错了,虽说那时权宜之计。
我当时认为我依顺他,避免了爆发另一场冲突;我还认为,对于凯瑟琳的精神上的疾病也许会产生良好的转机。
”1p136这种不自知的恶,相对于希刺克厉夫那种一心走向地狱的恶来得更为可怕。
一个自以为善良,在做好事的人,其实往往都在不自觉地伤害着别人。
对于凯希之间的爱情悲剧以及凯瑟琳的死,纳莉难逃干系。
一个一直以来被我们所认为的客观冷静的知识女性的是非标准尚能导致悲惨结局的酿成,那么被爱情所燃烧的当事人又能当如何呢?二、自相矛盾的行为抉择首先来看凯瑟琳。
这个一直纠结人心的女主角,所有的故事几乎都因她而展开。
可以说从一开始,凯瑟琳就是一个搞不懂自己感情的一个小姑娘,她有很强的虚荣心,但是她并不知道,所以,她在不知不觉中变成了双重性格,尽管她并没明确的要欺骗谁的想法。
“在她听到人家把希克厉叫做一个“下贱的小流氓”,和“比畜生都不如”的地方,她留神着别做出象他那样的举动来。
可是回到家里,她才不高兴讲究什么礼貌呢;因为讲礼貌只落得旁人的讥笑;她也不肯收敛自己的不受管教的本性了,因为那样做并不会给她带来什么称赞和声誉。
”1p58在画眉田庄住了几星期后,目睹林敦家族温文雅尔的生活,她才明白了一个小姐,一个淑女应该是怎么样的。
和自己相异的人往往更能引起我们的注意,埃德加是一个文雅细腻的男孩子,和埃德加在一起时,那种甜蜜的温和的情感也使她觉得非常新鲜。
最重要的是她很喜欢埃德加,埃德加也喜欢她。
所以她以一种很大的热情去发展和林敦的爱情并接受了他的求婚,但从她对纳莉的倾诉中,我们可以看出凯瑟琳并不懂得什么叫做爱。
她爱埃德加,只是“因为他年青,长得俊俏,满脸春风,而且爱她。
”1p69就算有比埃德加更有钱、更俊俏的人,凯瑟琳也认为“我也碰不到他们呀。
在我眼中看到的,再没有哪个能比得上埃德加了。
”1p69但是对于她童年的伙伴希刺克厉夫她觉得他是她心里最大的痛苦,“因为他永远也不知道我是怎样的爱他。
”1p71而她非常渴望看到自己的爱情,也看到对方的爱情,爱情也要有同等的回报。
实际上,凯瑟琳对婚姻一点也不了解,她以为婚姻只不过是和一个人结婚罢了,而希刺克厉夫是永远和她在一起的,“他将永远在我心里,就象当初我们在一块儿的时候一样。
”1p72凯瑟琳的所谓爱是一种自私的爱,完全以自我为中心。
“我对林敦的爱,就像挂在林子里的一簇簇树叶,时光会改变它,我很知道,到了冬天,树叶片儿就要凋落了。
我对希克厉的爱,好比是脚下的永恒的岩石,从那里流出很少的、看得见的快乐的泉源,可是却必不可少。
纳莉,我就是希克厉!他时时刻刻在我的心头———并不是作为一种欢乐,就像我不能老是我自个儿的欢乐一般,而是因为他就是我自身的存在。
”1p72凯瑟琳知道她对希刺克厉夫的感情的强烈,但她仍然选择了林敦。
并且在伊莎蓓拉疯狂的爱着希刺克厉夫的时候,她阻止了,她的理由真的是因为希克厉是个恶魔吗?还是因为她不能忍受她所爱过的人就这样离开她而另有所爱呢?每一个人都有很强的占有欲。
特别是对于一个自私虚荣的人。
在爱情方面,凯瑟琳正是这样的一个人,所以她要抓牢他。
我不否认凯瑟琳是深爱着希刺克厉夫的,只是她的爱是自私而又残忍的。
她不仅揉碎了自己的心,同时也揉碎了其他两个人的心。
这种爱强烈而又残酷。
凯瑟琳为了追寻爱情与快乐而付诸行动,但这种行为本身就自相矛盾,占有一个,抓牢另一个,在爱的世界里一直都是一个危险而又邪恶的行动,这种行动最终导致了悲剧。
凯瑟琳也为此付出了支离破碎的生命。
941三、虚伪环境下介入者的悲剧回顾《呼啸山庄》最初受到的非难,多半的起因是由于评论家们不能容忍作者竟然创造出希克厉这么个十恶不赦的魔鬼。
就连夏洛蒂在为《呼啸山庄》作的再版序中也称:“只有希思克利夫才真正是无可救药的。
他走向沉沦的道路是笔直的;打从那个‘黑头发、黝黑皮肤、黑得象从魔鬼那儿来的小家伙’第一次从衣包里被解出来,放在农庄厨房的地上站着的时候起,直到耐莉・丁恩发现他的那具狰狞壮实的尸体躺卧在围着嵌板的床上,一双睁得大大的眼睛仿佛在‘嘲笑我要把它们合上的打算,咧开的嘴唇和尖锐的白牙齿也在嘲笑’这一刻为止,他径直朝着这条路走去,一次也没有偏离过方向。
”2p27笔者认为,希克厉的形象不能简单地用善或恶、对或错来评价。
或许你会说他是一个恶魔,一个疯狂的复仇者,但在作品这个特定的环境中,他只不过是伦理道德下的一个受害者。
首先来看老欧肖把他带回家直接的动机,是他对儿子行为的不满意,认为儿子是个窝囊废,而在希刺克厉夫那里他看到的是生命存在的另一种倔强的姿态,就连他们给他取的名字“希克厉”,也原本是他们的一个死在襁褓中的儿子的名字。
1p33可以说,希刺克厉夫只是他们良知下的一个替代品。
老欧肖的这份心思在欣德利看来却违背了当时的行为规则,对希刺克厉夫本人也埋下了祸根,在欣德利的心目中,希刺克厉夫只不过是一个闯入者、介入者形象,他打破了原本存在的规则,这个规则不仅包括他在爸爸心目中的地位,也包括他和妹妹之间的关系,以及财产的分摊等等问题,而随着希刺克厉夫的到来,人们心目中原本的生存规则受到了威胁,无论从老欧肖把他带回家的动机来看,还是从欣德利的角度,他都是一个外在的介入者形象。
甚至在后来居上的林敦眼里,希刺克厉夫也是一个介入者,他只不过是一个仆人,根本不配和凯瑟琳做朋友,更别说赢得凯瑟琳的爱情,这是作品中除希刺克厉夫之外的几乎每一个人的看法。
悲剧也由此开始萌芽。
在老欧肖去世以后,希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳结成了对抗欣德利的同盟,两个孩子相依为命,相互安慰。
他们早已把彼此当作另一个自我,“我就是希克厉!他时时刻刻在我的心头———并不是作为一种欢乐,就像我不能老是我自个儿的欢乐一般,而是因为他就是我自身的存在。
”1p72)“我就是凯瑟琳”“两个词儿就可以包括我的未来———死亡和地狱,生命,失去了她以后,就是地狱。
”1p132但是凯瑟琳却违背本性,明明知道嫁给林敦是不对的,“在我的灵魂,在我的心坎里,我清楚地知道我是做错了。
”1p69但她为了潜在的虚荣心,并且天真地以为嫁给了林敦,就可以帮助希刺克厉夫抬起头来,从此不再受哥哥的欺压。
她的行为动机本身就值得我们怀疑,这种行为背叛再加上凯瑟琳的价值观都对希刺克厉夫的性格转变产生了重要的影响,也是造成他性格扭曲的重要根源。