不定式、动名词、过去分词作定语的用法

不定式作定语的用法

不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。

一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。

不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。

1、主谓关系的

（1）We must find a person to do the work.

(2) There is no one to take care of her.

(3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up.

(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.

2、动宾关系的

如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。

（1）He has a lot of books to read.

(2) I would like a magazine to look at.

(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.

(4) Do you have anything else to say?

(5) There is no one to take care of.

(6) She has nothing to worry about.

3、动状关系的

被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。

（1）Please give me some paper to write on.

(2) Let’s find a room to put these things in

(3）I have no house to live in.

(4) He has no pen to write with.

(5) There are five pairs to choose from.

4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的

被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词。（1）I have no time to go to the movie.

（2）There’s no need to send for a doctor.

(3) Where’s the best place to meet?

(4) Is that the way to do it?

(5）I’m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone.

练习

1.He has no friend _______(depend) on.

2.He is not the kind of man (do) such things.

3.I have a lot of work (finish) today.

4.There is a good rule ( go ) by.

5.Thank you for giving me the chance (make) the speech.

6.She is always the first ( answer ) questions.

7.Can you find a proper person ( finish) this job in time

动词的-ing形式做定语

动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如：

1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。

2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。

3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。

4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?

注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。如：

1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.

→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.

一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。

2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.

→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。

-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查，即：

1)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。如：

1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。

2.He may be in the reading room，for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。

dies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。

2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如：

1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。

2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?

练习：

1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.

A.20 dollars remained

B.20 dollars to remain

C.remained 20 dollars

D.remaining 20 dollars.

2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.

A.covering

B.covered

C.cover

D.to cover

3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school，most _____ were from Germany.

A.study;of whom

B.study;of them

C.studying;of them

D.studying;of whom

4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.

A.to be discussing

B.to discuss

C.been discussed

D.being discussed

5.China is a_____country______to the third world.

A.developed;belongs

B.developing;belonging

C.developing;belongs

D.developed;belonged

6.---Who is the man______to the teacher?

---A model worker_____our school.

A.talks，visits

B.is talking;is visiting

C.talking;visiting

D.talking;visited

7.The flowers_____sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A.to smell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.to be smelt

8. There are a few boys (swim) in the river.

9. There is a car ( wait ) outside.

10 .People (wait) for the bus often sheltered in my doorway.

11. The boy (sit)behind me is my brother.

12. The girl (swim) in the pool is my daughter