初中英语简单句基本类型及句子成分(20200523120543)

英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型

句子成分学记口诀：

主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。

宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。

句子成分意义及位置

充当词类

例句

主语

表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy.

Two heads are better than one. 谓语e 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后（除疑问、倒装句外）。

由动词或动词词组充当。

Time tries all thing.(时间检验一切）Lucy is dancing under the tree. Her parents a re both workers.

宾语

表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动词或介词后。

名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。

Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday? 表语

与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在系动词之后。

名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。

His father is a bus driver.My car is white. We were a t school yesterday.

Health is wealth.(健康就是财富。）定语

用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。

形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。The red one is mine. What is his name?

A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。）状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。

通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。Our teacher works v ery hard.She often helps Mike. They had a meeting i n Shanghai.宾语补足语

宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。

We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean. 同位语

重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。

名词、名词性短语、从句等。

They all work hard.

John, a friend of hers , has gone.

简单句的六种基本句型

一、主系表结构（S + V + P ）：主语＋系动词＋表语＋（状语）

系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。

【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。

1. 他感到有点累。______________________________

2. 这听起来是个好主意。______________________________

3. 我的电脑在书房里。______________________________

4. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。______________________________

5. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。______________________________

二、主谓结构（S + V）：主语＋不及物动词＋（状语）

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，不及物动词是指那些本身意义已

完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。【练习导航】根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

1. 他在听。He _____ _____.

2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _____ _____ last night?

3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。The rain _____ _____ two hours.

4. 事物总是变化的。Things always _____.

5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。His dream to China _____ _____ _____.

三、主谓宾结构（S + V + O）：主语＋及物动词＋宾语

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。

【练习导航】找出下列句子的宾语。

1. He handed in his homework this morning.

2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim.

3. He forgot which way to go.

4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?

5. I’ll do what I can.

四、主谓双宾：（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）

1. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）

2. 及物动词+直接宾语（事物）+to / for+间接宾语（人）

主语系动词表语状语These books are great.

This kind of food tastes delicious

All her friends are outside the door now.

The milk turned sour.

The music sounds nice

Tom is very happy today.

状语主语不及物动

词

状语

（In 2003,) The first book came out in 2003

We didn't go to the cinema yesterday.

Li Ming works very hard.

The little girl works even harder.

The accident happened yesterday afternoon.

Last week,I went to Guilin for my holiday.

状语主语及物动词宾语状语（Yesterda

y)

I bought a very good book yesterday.

My father loves pictures of cars.

Every

morning

my

mother

prepares breakfast for me

He is having lunch.

She plans to travel in May Day.

I prefer standing.

I don’t know what I should do next