高考英语阅读猜词教案

高考阅读理解训练之猜测语义

猜测语义题是近年的高考阅读理解中比较常见的题型，通常在一套试题中有二至三个小题是直接考查语义猜测的.这种题主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查大家对语境的分析和把握能力。如果考生具备了一定的猜词能力，那么对于降低生词率，排除阅读理解中某些生词的干扰和最终提高阅读理解速度和阅读能力都有极大帮助。因此，今天我们来谈一谈如何猜测语义的方法。

常见的设问方式：

1.The underlined word “…”probably means ____.

2.The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.

3.The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.

4.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?

5.What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?

6.By saying “…”, we mean_____.

7.What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?

8.The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.

猜词规律探寻：

一．过定义或解释推测语义

有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义。

（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is(to say), in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。

（3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。

（4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。

eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled.

2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse(配偶)

at a time.

Exercises:

1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.

2.Anthropology is the scientific study of man.

3.We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre.

4.He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks

5.Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think

like people.

Test 1

There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms(症状). (NMET2004湖北卷B篇)

61. What is ARICEPT？

A、A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s.

B、A medicine to delay signs of aging.

C、A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.

D、A medicine to cure brain damage.

Test 2

Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. (2004福建卷E篇)

(1)According to the passage, The Pines is a ______.

A.place in which you can see many mobile homes

B.mountain where you can get a good view of the valley

C.town which happens to be near the Banff National Park

D.restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

二．利用例证猜测语义

某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。

eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener.

2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.

Exercises:

1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with

their hands over their heads.

2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin.

3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments

such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts.

Test

The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices –--- deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite. (NMET2001全国A