正说反译-反说正译

(5) I told his lordship this was new doctrine to me. 我对勋爵大人说，这种理论我可从来没有听见过。 (6) Good winner, good loser. 胜不骄，败不馁。 (7) It is a terrible thing to be 16 and never to have shaved. 十六岁还没有刮过胡子，这实在太不像话。 (8) With the fickle market, it’s anyone’s guess. 在如此变幻无常的市场中，对此，谁也说不清。
一．
否定的陷阱
(1) He is not wiser than his brother. (2) He is no wiser than his brother. (3) Everybody is not prepared. (4) He doesn't work very hard every day on mathematics. (5) She does not speak English and French.
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(1) After you, sir. 先生，您先请。 (2) The worst of the problem is behind us. 这问题最坏的情况已经过去了。 3）The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted. 天渐渐有些亮了，然而街上还亮着暗淡的灯光。 4）…… he drove slowly down the hill, his elbows resting on the wheel, his chin cupped in his hands. 他慢慢顺山坡向下开去，两肘支在方向盘上，双 手拖着下巴。
(12) I gave you credit for being more sensible. 我没想到你竟这么愚蠢。 (13) Appearances are deceptive. 外貌是靠不住的。 (14) They could accept it with dignity. 他们可以不失体面地接受这个方案。 “for all….”句式的反面着笔译法： (15) For all he knew, we might be in Boston. 他不知道我们在哪儿，我们可能在波士顿，但他不会知 道。 (16) For all I care, you can throw it away. 你把它丢了，我也不在乎。（“我才不管呢。” )
参考译文
(1)我完全同意。 (2)你现在的境况不错，是吧? (3)这真是荒谬透顶了。 (4)很难想象有比他们俩在一起更合不来的人。 (5)我感到悲伤，心情沉重；朋友借书给我看也 未必能使我轻松，更谈不上忘掉一切了。 (6)他最不在乎钱财了。
(1)He said he could not do enough to show his gratitude for her. (2)Too much praise cannot be due him. (3)Under such a misfortune as this, one cannot see too little of one's neighbours. (4)We can't move too far to suit me! I hate this damned town now and everyone in it! (5)War cannot come too soon to suit me because I know it must come at last.
(1) I couldn’t agree more. (2) You couldn’t be better off, could you? (3) Nothing is farther from the truth. (4) I can hardly imagine two men less capable of getting on together. (5) I was weighed down with grief; my friend’s books offered little release, less escape. (6) He could not care less about money.
1. Unless something is moved，no work is done. 译文：除非某种东西被移动，否则功不会被完 被 被 成。 2. Only objects struck by the light are visible. 译文：只有被光明照到的东西才能被看见。 被 被 上两句一定要用“被”字吗? 改译：1. 除非某种物体发生了 发生了移动，否则就没 发生了 没 有功。 2. 光照射到的物体是可见的 是可见的。 是可见的
1. Though Hamlet has been disappointed of the throne，every one respected him. 译文：虽然哈姆雷特被剥夺了王位，但是大家 照样尊敬他。 2. The aged should be respected everywhere. 译文：老人应到处受到尊敬。 3. She was caught in the downpour. 译文：她叫大雨淋着了。 4. The dictionaries have been affected with damp. 译文：字典受潮了。
反面着笔
Some linguists say, “Every language has its peculiarities in negation”. And there is indeed an important, though often neglected difference between Chinese and English in negation—negation in way of thinking and in mode of speaking. If we study the matter closely, we shall not fail to notice that native speakers of English have their own way of thinking in the negative and of expressing negative implications, quite different from ours. 反面着笔其实就是 英汉思维视角的转变在翻译中的体现和运用，往往是出 英汉思维视角的转变在翻译中的体现和运用 于翻译实际的客观需要，是由上、下文，修辞及习惯表 达方式等多种因素决定的。下面我们通过实例，来对其 运用作简要的分析。
(5) Everybody cannot do it. 并不是人人都能做这件事。 (6) I shall never be able to stress enough your kindness. 不管我怎么感激，都不足以报恩于万一。 (7) You can never be too strong. 身体强壮有百利而无一弊。
(6) They didn’t praise him in the slightest. (7) I’m afraid not. (8) I don’t know how often I haven’t warned you. (9) His speech leaves much to be desired. (10) No news is good news.
被动与主动的互换
叶斯柏森在《语法哲学》中说：“英国各类作家 “ 作品中的被动句有70％ 是不提施动者的。 作品中的被动句有 ％到94%是不提施动者的。” 是不提施动者的 夸克等人在《当代英语语法》中说：“事实上五 “ 个被动句里面大约有四个不把施动者说出来。 个被动句里面大约有四个不把施动者说出来。” 然而，汉语则不然，王力先生在《中国语法理论》 然而 中指出：“中国正常的被动式是必须把主事者说 “ 出来的。 出来的。”
参考译文
(1)他说他对她感激不尽，简直难以表达他的 谢意。 (2)他理应受到表扬，怎么表扬也不过分。 (3)遇到这种不幸事件愈少见邻居愈好。 (4)但愿我们搬得愈远愈好；我现在讨厌这该 死的小镇和这里所有的人。 (5)战争并不因我知道它终究会来就为了迎合 我而来得很快。
(1) All’s not smooth for Lakers. (标题) 湖人队未必一帆风顺。 (2) All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定就是金子。 (3) All is not right. 未必全对。 (4) Jordan replied, “Every year is not going to be a great year.” 乔丹回答说：“并不是每年都是顺利的”
(9) Her face was streaked with dirt and her hair was a tangle; even so, you could see she had pretty features. 她脸上满是污痕，头发乱成一团，就是这样， 也掩盖不住她美丽的容貌。 (10) While she liked his work, she pointed out areas where improvement was possible. 她在鉴赏他的作品的同时，又指出了它的不足 之处。 (11) Apologies really matter. 道歉或拒绝道歉，结果会大不一样。
“It + be + adj. + noun + that…”句式的反面着笔 译法： (17) It is a wise father that knows his own child. 聪明的父亲也未必了解他自己的孩子。 (18) It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 坏事未必对人人都有害处。 (19) It is a good workman that never blunders. 智者千虑必有一失。 (20) It is a long lane that has no turning. 凡事总有变化，还会永远不变。
请同学们试着翻译下列各句： (1) She modeled between roles. 她在不演戏的时候就去当模特儿。 (2) He never spared himself and so he made me work hard. 他就是拼命干的，所以我也只能拼命干。 (3) The explanation is pretty thin. 这种解释的理由很不充分。 (4) Ex-governor Stark remained a private citizen. 前州长斯塔克从此一直没能当官。
参考译文
(1)他并不比他哥哥更聪明。 (2)他跟他哥哥一样愚蠢。 (3)并非人人都准备好了。 (4)他每天都很用功，但并不是在做数学。 (5)她并非英语法语都会讲。 (6)他们一点也没有表扬他。 (7)恐怕并非如此。 (8)我不知道警告过你多少遍了。 (9)他的讲话很不如人意。 (10)没有消息本身就是好消息。
Negation（正说反译，反 （正说反译， 说正译） 说正译）
Negation 的概念应从三个方面来理解： 一，作为语法概念的否定表达法的翻译。对于 中国人而言，英语中的某些否定简直成了一种 陷阱，难点在于常常弄不清否定的对象是什么。 二，作为翻译技法概念的Negation。这是指在 翻译实践中，为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯 地传达原文的意思，必须改变原文叙述或者着 眼的角度，从反面着笔来翻译。 三，作为翻译技法概念的Negation在英译汉主 动句与被动句之间转换的应用。现分别讲述如 下：