诱导性多能干细胞技术的研究进展及其应用前景_吴翠玲

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文章编号(Article ID):1009-2137(2014)04-0883-06·专论·诱导性多能干细胞技术的研究进展及其应用前景

吴翠玲,张玉明*

南方医科大学南方医院小儿科,广东广州510515

摘要在分化的体细胞中表达转录因子可以诱导体细胞重编程,获得诱导性多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPS cells)。这些细胞具有不断的自我更新能力和多向分化潜能,这些细胞重编程领域的突破性研究进展,为细胞重编程机制、人类疾病发病机制的研究及发展新的治疗方法提供了一种强有力的工具。iPS细胞技术是当前干细胞研究领域的热点之一,近年来取得了迅猛的发展。最初,研究者利用逆转录病毒作为载体将4种转录因子导入小鼠成纤维细胞诱导其重编程。近年来,iPS细胞的诱导方法不断改进,包括使用不整合入宿主细胞基因组的病毒载体、非病毒载体或者用基因敲除的方法切除导入的外源基因,从而产生了更为安全的iPS细胞系,许多小分子化合物也被证实能显著提高重编程效率。iPS细胞在再生医学、疾病模型的建立及药物筛选等领域正逐渐显现出它巨大的应用价值。本文回顾过去几年iPS细胞技术的研究进展,包括诱导方法的改进、iPS细胞诱导效率的提高和安全性的提高,并探讨iPS细胞的临床应用前景及当前研究存在的问题。

关键词干细胞;诱导性多能干细胞;体细胞重编程;临床应用

中图分类号R329.28文献标识码A doi:10.7534/j.issn.1009-2137.2014.04.001 Progress and Potential Applications of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology———Editorial

WU Cui-Ling,ZHANG Yu-Ming*

Department of Pediatrics,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou510515,Guangdong Province,China

*Corresponding Author:ZHANG Yu-Ming,Associate Professor,Tutor of Master Postgraduate.E-mail:yumingzhang1966@hotmail.com Abstract Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state through ectopic expression of specific transcription factors.These reprogrammed cells,which were designated as induced pluripotent stem(iPS)cells,are detected to exhibit unlimited self-renewal capacity and pluripotency.This breakthrough in stem cell research provides

a powerful and novel tool for the studies on pathogenesis of diseases,reprogramming mechanism and development of

new therapies.For this reason,the iPSC technology has currently become one of the hot topics in stem cells research.Recently,major progress in this field has been achieved:initially,researchers succeeded in inducing the reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts by retroviral transduction of four specific transcription factors;in succession,the accelerated development of iPSC technology by employing non-integrating viral vectors,non-viral vectors or removing the introduced foreign genes via gene knock-out has ensured the yields of much safer iPSC;meanwhile,some researches discoversed the proofs that a number of micromolecular compounds were potent in accelerating the cellular reprogramming.For a prospect,iPSC are highly promising for regenerative medicine,disease modeling and drug screening.In this review,the recent progress in the generation of iPSC,prospects of their possible clinical applications and problems in the iPSC research are summarized and discussed.

Key words stem cell;induced pluripotent stem cell;reprogramming;clinical application

J Exp Hematol2014;(4):883-888

2006年,日本京都大学的山中伸弥研究小组[1]报道了关于诱导性多能干细胞的研究成果,引起了极大反响并迅速成为干细胞领域的研究热点。该研究小组从24个候选基因中筛选出4个与细胞多能性密切相关的转录因子,利用逆转录病毒载体将这4个转录因子(Oct3/4、Sox2、Klf4和c-Myc,以下简称OSKM)导入小鼠成纤维细胞内,使其重编程得到一种多潜能干细胞。这种细胞在形态学、生长特性、基因表达、畸胎瘤形成及嵌合体形成等方面都与胚胎干细胞非常相似,研究人员把这些细胞命名为诱导性多能干细胞。在iPS技术出现之前,实验研究的干细胞来源主要是从胚胎内细胞团直接分离得到

基金项目:广东省自然科学基金(S2011010003914);国家自然科学基金(81270632);广州市科技计划项目(2013j4100108)

*通讯作者:张玉明,副教授,副主任医师,硕士研究生导师.E-mail:yumingzhang1966@hotmail.com

2014-02-08收稿;2014-04-23接受

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中国实验血液学杂志Journal of Experimental Hematology2014;22(4):883-888

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