专题五 强调句和倒装句-冲刺2020年中考：语法

专题五强调句和倒装句

知识点讲解

A强调句

基本句型

It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who + 句子剩余成分

It is he that/who majors in English.

It is English that he majors in.

It was in college that he majored in English.

It is because he loves English that he majors in it.

注意：

1)在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如：

It is I who am a teacher.

2)即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如：

Itisthey who often help me with my lessons.

3)原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用Itis…that (who)…;如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用Itwas…that(who)…

4）强调句型容易和句型It is/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词It is (was) …that(who)…去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子(这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法)。但后者的It is/was…that 是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉It is/was…that就不再完整：

It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.

5）强调句型还容易跟It is/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。

如：It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚(显然, 真的, 肯定…)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.

That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.

6)强调句型可有如下变体：It is/was变成“情态动词+be”。如：

It may be my bike that he is riding.

It must have been the manager that spoke to you.

二、强调谓语动词

用助动词do来强调

这是最常见的一种方式。当句中没有其他的助动词，我们可以在动词前加do来表示强调。

例如：Do be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶!

I do hope you’ll stay for lunch. 我真的希望你留下吃午饭。

注意：

用于表示强调的do可以有时态的变化，但其后的动词要用原形。

He does look tired. 他确实显得很疲倦。

He did come but soon went back. 他的确来过，但很快就回去了。

She did write to say thank you. 她的确写信向你道谢了。

这样用的do只用于现在时或过去式(即只有do, does, did这样的形式)，不能用于进行时、完成时等形式(如不用于is doing, has done等)。

B倒装句

一、全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:

(1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意:

上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes.

Away they went.

二、部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

1句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

注意:

如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

2 以否定词开头作部分倒装

Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than.

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the

sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

3.so, neither, nor作部分倒装

以so/neither起首的倒装句,结构为so/neither+谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)+主语,用于说明上文所描述的情况也同样适用于下文的人或物。该结构中谓语动词的选择在形式上要和上文的谓语保持一致,数要由下文的主语来决定。

注意:

在“so+谓语+主语”的结构中,主语是另外的人或物,而在“so+主语+谓语”的结构中,主语仍是上文的人或物,表示对上文所讲事实的肯定或强调。

She can play the piano, so she can.她会弹钢琴,她的确会。

He can sing a lot of English songs, so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。

She speaks English very well, so do I.她英语说得好,我也是。

Li Lei hasn’t read this book, neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。

She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。

She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校,他也是。

4.only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

5.as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

注意:

(1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

(2)句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。