肿瘤学词汇

Oncology肿瘤学(zhong liu xue)

Oncologist肿瘤科医师(zhong liu ke yi shi)

A physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer.

Carcinoma癌(ai)，癌瘤(ai liu)

Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer. This cancer develops from epithelia上皮细胞(shang pi xi bao)(sheets of cells that cover a surface, such a the skin, or line a body cavity, such as the glandular lining of stomach). Some names for tumors of this type would be:

Carcinoma of the prostate前列腺癌科(qian lie xian liu ke)

Adenocarcinoma of the lung肺腺癌(fei xian ai) 肺病(fei bing)

Hepatocellular carcinoma肝细胞癌(gan xi bao ai)

Sarcoma肉瘤(rou liu), 恶性毒瘤(er xing du liu)

A rare form of cancer that arises from connective and supportive tissues, such as that seen in the

bone marrow 骨髓(gu sui) , muscle, and lymphatics淋巴系统. (lin ba xi tong)Osteosarcoma (malignancy of bone) 骨肉瘤(gu rou liu), multiple myeloma (malignancy of bone marrow) 骨髓瘤(gu rou liu) are two examples. The term sarcoma does not always appear in the name as in the second example.

Malignant恶性的(e xing de) vs. Benign良性的(liang xing de)

Literally, the Malignant vs. Benign expression means “evil” versus “good”. Malignant is the term used when a cancer or a medical condition has the potentioal to become life threating or terminal. Benign, on the other hand, means that the disease is not fatal. Advanced malignancy 减轻的(jie qin de) is when a cancer is well developed.

Radiosensitive 对放射线敏感的(fa she min gan)

The cancer degenerates退化(tui hua) in response to radiation therapy.

Radioresistant 辐射阻抗的(fa she xian zu kang de)

Cancer is slow to respond or may not respond at all to radiation therapy.

Metastasis转移(zhuan yi)

The placement of cancer in other organs or tissues other then the origin 起源(qi yuan)is called metastasis and the traveling of the cancer to other areas of the body to form new tumors is termed Metastasize转移(zhuan yi). This Invasive入侵的(ru qin de) quality of a tumor to spread into surrounding organs is a manor differentiation between malignant and benign.

In remission免除(mian chu)

This is the term that indicates a time period of holding the cancer in check 被阻止(.bei zu zh i).

Relapse复发(bu fa)

When a cancer returns, the patient is said to relapse. Unfortunately, many cancers, such as leukemia (Overabundance of white blood cells) 白血病(Bai xue bing), recur.

Carcinogens良性肿瘤(liang xing zhong liu)

Carcinogens are cancer-causing agents. Broad categories include radiation exposure, chemicals, drugs and viruses. Only certain types of chemicals, drugs and viruses are carcinogens and excessive radiation exposure. Environmental chemicals found in tobacco smoke and automotive exhaust, toxic emissions from factory smokestacks, and asbestos exposure can be carcinogenic致癌物(质) 的(zhi ai wu zhi de). Human Papilloma virus 乳突淋瘤病毒(ru tu lin liu bing du) is the major cause of cervical子宫颈的(zi gong jing de) cancer.

Fractionation 低剂量分次给药(di ji liang fen ci gei yao)

Repeated low doses of radiation therapy that allow a higher total dose

Myelosuppression

A side effect副作用(fu zuo yong) of chemotherapy is the reduction of bone marrow 骨髓(gu ge) blood cell replacement. Patients may complain of extreme fatigue due to anemia 贫血(pin xie) and can be at an increased risk for infectious diseases 传染病(chuan ran bing) due to the reduced number of leucocytes白血病. (bai xie bing).

Chemotherapeutic agents 化学疗法(hua xue liao fa)

Chemotherapy化学疗法(hua xue liao fa) has the goal of killing or stopping the development of rapidly dividing cells. Examples are Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Bleomycin博来霉素(bo lai mei su), 5-fluorouraci5氟尿嘧啶(fu niao mi ding), methotrexate甲氨蝶呤(jia an die ling), Vincristine长春新碱(chang chun xin jia), Vinblastine长春碱(chang chun jian), Taxol and Tamoxifen三苯氧胺(san ben yang an). Since the same mechanism that kills a malignant cell or blocks development of a malignant cell can have similar effects on a normal, rapidly dividing cell, any of these agents can have bad side effects. Some forms of cancer treated with chem otherapy may cause the cancer to “disappear” for a while although not cured and the patient may be symptom free sometimes for months or years.

Malignant melanoma 恶性黑素瘤(e xing hei su liu)

Melanoma 黑素瘤(hei su liu) 皮膚癌(pi tu ai), 澳洲皮膚癌(ao zhou pi tu ai) or "black mole cancer" is the name given to the most dangerous form of skin cancer皮肤癌(pi fu ai) it is malignant melanoma惡性黑素瘤(e xing hei su liu),. The reason melanoma is so dangerous