医用英语练习

Chapter Review 1-1Fill in the blanks:1. A root with a vowel added to aid in pronunciation is called a(n) _____.2. A word part that comes before a root is a(n) _____ .3. Combine the word parts dia-, meaning “through,” and -rhea, meaning “flow,” to form a word meaning “passage of fluid stool.” _____4. Combine the root psych, meaning “mind,” with the suffix -logy, meaning “study of,” to form a wordmeaning “study of the mind.” _____Multiple choice: Select the best answer and write the letter to the left of each number._____ 5. Which of the following is a compound word?a. urinaryb. skeletalc. gastrointestinald. coronarye. artery_____ 6. The adjective for thorax isa. thoraxicb. thoracicc. thorald. thoriale. thoraxial_____ 7. An acronym is formed froma. a proper nameb. Latin or Greekc. a compound wordd. the first letter of each word in a phrasee. two or more rootsCase Study 1-1: Multiple Health ProblemsSecondary to InjuryD.S., a 28-year-old woman, was treated for injuries sustained in a train derailment accident. During the course of her treatment, she was seen by several specialists. For pain in her knee and hip joints, she was referred to an orthopedist. For migraine headaches and blurry vision, she consulted a neurologist. For pain on urination and occasional bloody urine, she saw a urologist. Later, for a persistent dry cough and problems resulting from a fractured nose, she was referred to an otorhinolaryngologist. During herinitial course of treatment, she had a CT scan of her abdomen and brain and an MRI of her hip andknee. Both imaging studies required her to lie motionless on her back for 45 minutes.Several months after the accident, D.S. was still experiencing some discomfort, and she decided to investigate alternative therapies. She made an appointment with a naturist practitioner who specialized inhomeopathy and herbal medicine. Before herappointment, she browsed in the Nutra-Medica Shop, which carried nutritional supplements, vitamin and mineral products, homeopathic remedies, and herbal formulas.She planned to ask the therapist about some of the products that she saw there, which included remedies with the trade names Pneumogen, Arthogesia-Plus, Renovite, Nephrostat, and Hematone.CASE STUDY QUESTIONSMultiple choice: Select the best answer and write the letter to the left of each number._____ 1. The -ist in the word neurologist is a:a. prefixb. rootc. suffixd. combining forme. conjunction_____ 2. Endo- in endoscopic is a:a. rootb. suffixc. combining formd. prefixe. derivation_____ 3. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. This term represents a(n):a. combining formc. prefixd. suffixe. abbreviation_____ 4. D.S. needed plastic surgery on her nose to repair the postfracture deformity. This procedureis called a(n):a. septoscopeb. rhinoplastyc. neurectomyd. cardioplastye. rhinitis_____ 5. Several of the radiological imaging studies required D.S. to lie on her back for 45 minutes.This position is referred to as:a. supineb. pronec. lateral recumbentd. lithotomye. Trendelenburg_____ 6. The products Renovite and Nephrostat are named for their action on the:a. lungc. liverd. hearte. kidney____ 7. The pn in Pneumogen is pronounced as:a. p d.upb. pa e.fc. nFill in the blanks.8. Use Appendix 4 to find roots that mean blood. __________________________________9. Use the index to find the chapter that contains information on imaging techniques.10. Use the flash cards at the back of this book to find the meaning of the word part endo-._________11. Another word part with the same meaning as endo- is__________________________________12. Use Appendix 3 to look up the meaning of the roots in otorhinolaryngology.ot/o __________________________________rhino __________________________________laryng/o __________________________________13. Use Appendix 3 to find the meaning of the word part homeo-_________________.14. When the word larynx has a suffix added, the x is changed to a______________.15. Appendix 2 tells you that the abbreviation CT in CT scan means________________.C H A P T E R 1 Answer SectionAnswers to Chapter Exercises Array 1. combining form2. Prefix3. Diarrhea4. Psychology5-7. c b d8. dis-FUNK-shun9. RU-ma-toyd10. kron-o LOJ-ik11. FAR-inks12. narcotic13. nitrogen14. surface15. vascular16. thoracicChapter Review 2-1Identify the suffix that means “condition of” in each of the following words:1. egotism2. anemia3. stenosis (4. dystrophy (5. acidosis6. anesthesiaGive the suffix in the f ollowing words that means “specialty” or “specialist”:7. psychiatry8. orthopedist9. obstetrics10. urologyGive the name of the specialist in each of the following fields:11. pediatrics12. dermatology13. pharmacy14. gynecologyIdentify the adjec tive suffix in each of the following words that means “pertaining to” or “resembling”:15. physiologic16. local17. cutaneous18. lymphoid19. cellular20. basic21. salivary22. oral23. rheumatoid24. virile25. anatomical26. circular27. exploratoryWrite the plural for each of the following words. The word ending is underlined:28. patella (kneecap)29. prognosis (prediction of disease outcome)30. bacterium (type of microorganism)31. fungus (simple, nongreen plant)32. protozoon (single-celled animal)33. pharynx (throat)34. apex (high point; tip)Write the singular form for each of the following words. The word ending is underlined:35. foramina (openings)36. nuclei (center; core)37. ganglia (small masses of nerve tissue)38. vertebrae (spinal bones)39. indices (directories; lists)40. carcinomata (cancers)Case Study 2-1: Health Problems on ReturnFrom the Rain ForestE.G., a 39-year-old archaeologist and university professor, returned from a 6-month expedition in therain forest of South America suffering from a combination of physical symptoms and conditions thatwould not subside on their own. He was fatigued, yet unable to sleep through the night. He also had amild fever, night sweats, occasional dizziness, double vision, and mild crampyabdominal pain accompanied by intermittent diarrhea. In addition, he had a nonhealing wound on his ankle from an insect bite. He made an appointment with his family doctor, an internist.On examination, E.G. was febrile (feverish) with a temperature of 101°F. His heart and lungs were normal,with a slightly elevated heart rate. His abdomen was tender to palpation (touch), and his bowel sounds were active and gurgling to auscultation (listening with a stethoscope). His skin was dry and warm.He had symmetrical areas of edema (swelling) around both knees and tenderness over both patellae (kneecaps). The ulceration on his left lateral ankle had a ring of necrosis (tissue death) surrounding an area of granulation tissue. There was a small amount of purulent (pus-containing) drainage.E.G.’s doctor ordered a series of hematology lab studies and stool cultures for ova and parasites. The doctor suspected a viral disease, possibly carried by mosquitoes, indigenous to tropical rain forests. He also suspected a form of dysentery typically caused by protozoa. E.G. was also possibly anemic, dehydrated,and septic (infected). The doctor was confident that after definitive diagnosis and treatment, E.G. would gain relief from his insomnia, diplopia (double vision), and dizziness. CASE STUDY QUESTIONSMultiple choice: Select the best answer and write the letter to the left of each number._____ 1. Diplopia, the condition of having double vision, has the suffix:a. lopiab. opiac. iad. piae. plopia_____ 2. The adjective septic is formed from the noun:a. sepsisb. septosisc. septemiad. septerye. anemia_____ 3. E.G. was suspected of having anemia (diminished hemoglobin). The adjective form of thenoun anemia is _____________, and the field of health science devoted to the study of bloodis called _______________.a. anemic; hematologyb. hematosis; hematismc. dehemia; hematomegalyd. anemic; parasitologye. microhematic; hemacologyWrite the suffix that means “condition of” in each of the following words:4. necrosis5. dysentery6. insomniaWrite the adjective ending of each of the following words:7. febrile8. symmetrical9. anemicWrite the singular form of each of the following words:10. patellae11. ova12. protozoa13. The word virus used as an adjective14. The noun form of the adjective necrotic15. Expert in the field of archeology16. Expert in the field of internal medicine17. The noun abdomen used as an adjectiveAnswers to Chapter ExercisesEXERCISE 2-11. -ism2. -y3. -ia4. -ism5. -sis, -osis6. -sis, -asis7. -ia8. -sis, -osis9. -yEXERCISE 2-21. -ist2. -logy3. -iatrics4. -ist5. -iatry6. anatomist7. pediatrician8. radiologist9. orthodontistAnswers to Case Study Questions1. c2. a3. a4. -sis5. -y6. -ia7. -ile8. -ical9. -ic10. patella11. ovum12. protozoon13. viral14. necrosis15. archeologist16. internist 17. abdominalFill in the blanks:1. Monoclonal refers to a colony (clone) derived from_____ cell(s).2. The quadriceps (KWAD-ri-seps) muscle has _______________________ part(s).3. To unify means to make two or more parts into ____________________ part(s).4. The term semilunar means _____________________ moon(s).5. A dichotomy has __________________ part(s).6. A multicellular organism has ___________________________________ cell(s).7. A tetralogy is composed of ____________ elements or factors.8. A triangle has _________________________ angle(s).9. Bipolar means having _______________ pole(s).Give a prefix that is similar in meaning to each of the following:10. bi- ___________________________________11. poly- ___________________________________12. semi- ___________________________________13. mon/o ___________________________________Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:_____ 1. melanocytea. pertaining to bluish discoloration_____ 2. xanthomab. redness of the skin_____ 3. cyanoticc. yellow raised area on the skin_____ 4. erythrodermad. cell that produces dark pigment_____ 5. leukemiae. overgrowth of white blood cellsIdentify and define the prefix in each of the following words:Prefix Meaning of Prefix1. amorphous (without form) (root morph/o) a- not, without, lack of, absence (a-MOR-fus)2. antibody3. amnesia4. disintegrate5. contralateral6. incontinent7. dehumidify8. noncontributoryAdd a prefix to form the negative of each of the following words:9. coordinated uncoordinated10. adequate11. infect12. permeable (capable of being penetrated)13. congestant14. compatibleIdentify and define the prefix in each of the following words:Prefix Meaning of Prefix1. perforate _______ ___________________________________2. adjacent _______ ___________________________________3. abnormal _______ ___________________________________4. diarrhea _______ ___________________________________5. transfer _______ ___________________________________Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:_____ 1. pandemic (pan-DEM-ik) a. located at the surface (above otherstructures)_____ 2. hyposecretion b. less than the normal number of teeth _____ 3. Hypertension c. underproduction of a substance_____ 4. oligodontia d. disease affecting an entire population _____ 5. superficial e. high blood pressureMatch the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:_____ 1. Reflux a. an irregularly shaped cell_____ 2. orthodontic b. pertaining to normal body temperature_____ 3. Pseudoreaction c. backward flow_____ 4. Poikilocyte d. false response_____ 5. Normothermic e. pertaining to straight teethIdentify and define the prefix in each of the following words:Prefix Meaning of Prefix6. equidistant _______ ___________________________________7. orthopedics _______ ___________________________________8. recuperate _______ ___________________________________9. euthyroidism _______ ___________________________________10. neocortex _______ ___________________________________11. megacolon _______ ___________________________________12. isometric _______ ___________________________________Write the opposite of each of the following words:13. heterogeneous (composed of different materials) ___________________________________14. macroscopic (visible with the naked eye) ___________________________________Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:1. postnasal a. throwing or extending forward2. antecedent b. occurring before the proper time3. projection c. behind the nose4. premature d. before birth5. prenatal e. occurring before another eventIdentify and define the prefix in each of the following words:Prefix Meaning of Prefix6. premenstrual7. post-traumatic8. progenitor9. antedateMatch the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:_____ 1. Endonasal a. placement of the heart outside its normal position_____ 2. Syndrome b. middle layer of the developing embryo_____ 3. Mesoderm c. the last stage of cell division_____ 4. Ectocardia d. within the nose_____ 5. Telophase e. group of symptoms occurring togetherIdentify and define the prefix in each of the following words:Prefix Meaning of Prefix6. synthesis _______ ___________________________________7. extract _______ ___________________________________8. ectopic _______ ___________________________________9. symbiosis _______ ___________________________________10. endoplasm _____ ___________________________________Write the opposite of each of the following words:11. exogenous (outside the organism) ___________________________________12. sinistromanual (left handed) ___________________________________13. endoderm (outermost layer of the embryo) ___________________________________Chapter Review 3-1Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:_____ 1. Primary a. one half or one side of the chest_____ 2. Trisect b. having many forms_____ 3. unilateral c. to cut into three parts_____ 4. Polymorphous d. pertaining to one side_____ 5. hemithorax e. first_____ 6. Neonate a. cell with yellow color_____ 7. melanoma b. through the skin_____ 8. Xanthocyte c. dark tumor_____ 9. percutaneous d. a newborn_____ 10. leukoderma e. loss of color in the skin_____ 11. heterothermic a. endbrain_____ 12. mesencephalon b. having varying body temperature_____ 13. panplegia c. total paralysis_____ 14. telencephalon d. correcting or preventing deformities_____ 15. orthopedic e. midbrainMatch each of the following prefixes with its meaning:_____ 16. oligo- a. equal, same_____ 17. pseudo- b. right_____ 18. eu- c. few, scanty_____ 19. iso- d. good, true, easy_____ 20. dextro- e. falseFill in the blanks:21. A monocular microscope has ___________________________________ eyepiece(s).22. To bisect is to cut into ___________________________________ parts.23. A quadruped animal has ___________________________________ feet.24. Sinistrad means toward the ___________________________________.25. A triad has ___________________________________ part(s).26. A unicellular organism is composed of ___________________________________ cell(s).27. A diatomic molecule has ___________________________________ atom(s).28. A tetralogy is composed of ___________________________________ part(s).Identify and define the prefix in each of the following words:Prefix Meaning of Prefix29. nonexistent _______ ___________________________________30. transmit _______ ___________________________________31. equivalent _______ ___________________________________32. react _______ ___________________________________33. exhale _______ ___________________________________34. absent _______ ___________________________________35. contraindication _______ ___________________________________36. detoxify _______ ___________________________________37. predict _______ ___________________________________38. perforate _______ ___________________________________39. adduct _______ ___________________________________40. dialyze _______ ___________________________________41. antiserum _______ ___________________________________42. microsurgery _______ ___________________________________43. disease _______ ___________________________________44. ectoparasite _______ ___________________________________45. symbiotic ____ ___________________________________46. prognosis ______ ___________________________________47. inadequate _______ ___________________________________Opposites. Write a word that means the opposite of each of the following:48. responsive ___________________________________49. mature ___________________________________50. active ___________________________________51. sufficient ___________________________________52. exotoxin ___________________________________53. macroscopic ___________________________________54. homograft ___________________________________55. hypoactive ___________________________________56. preoperative ___________________________________Synonyms. Write a word that means the same as each of the following:57. supersensitivity ___________________________________58. megalocyte (extremely large red blood cell) ___________________________________59. antenatal ___________________________________60. equilateral (having equal sides) ___________________________________Case Study 3-1: Displaced Fracture of the Femoral NeckWhile walking home from the train station, M.A., a 72-year-old woman with osteoporosis, tripped overa broken curb and fell. In the emergency department, she was assessed for severe pain, swelling, andbruising of her left thigh. A radiograph showed a displaced left femoral neck fracture. M.A. was pre-pared for surgery and given a preoperative injection of an analgesic to relieve her pain.Intraoperatively,she was given spinal anesthesia and positioned on an operating room table, with her left hip elevatedon a small pillow. Intravenous antibiotics were given before the incision. Her left hip was repaired witha bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Postoperative care included maintaining the left hip in abduction, bloodand fluid replacement, physical therapy, and vigilance for development of avascular necrosis and possibledislocation.Case Study 3-2: Intertrochanteric FractureA.R., age 88, slipped on the wet grass and fell while gardening in his back yard. His neighbor was unable to help him to a standing position and called for an ambulance.A.R. had excruciating pain in his right leg, which was externally rotated, slightly shorter than his left leg, and adducted. Preoperative radiographs showed a non-displaced right intertrochanteric fracture. Intraoperatively, Mr. R. was given spinal anesthesia and positioned on an orthopedic table with his right hip abducted and secured in traction. He had an open reduction and internal fixation with a compression screw and side plate with screws. His postoperative recovery was unremarkable, although he was at risk for deep vein thrombosis, that is, blood clots in his legs. He was discharged to a rehabilitation facility for several weeks of physical therapy and assistance with activitiesof daily living, such as personal hygiene, dressing, eating, ambulating, and toileting. CASE STUDY QUESTIONSWrite a word from the case histories that means the same as each of the following:1. replacement of half of the joint component ___________________________________2. substances that act against microorganisms ___________________________________3. in a position away from the midline of the body ___________________________________4. position toward the midline of the body ___________________________________Identify and define the prefixes in the following words:Prefix Meaning of Prefix5. displace and dislocate _______ ______________________________6. replacement, recovery, and rehabilitation _______ ______________________________7. avascular _______ ______________________________8. anesthesia and analgesic _______ ______________________________9. orthopedic _______ ______________________________10. externally _______ ______________________________11. bipolar _______ ______________________________12. unremarkable _______ ______________________________Fill in the blanks:13. The adjective for the operative time span from decision for surgery to placement on the operatingroom table is ___________________________________.14. The adjective for the operative time span from placement on the operating roomtable until transferto postanesthesia recovery unit or intensive care unit is___________________________________.15. The adjective for the operative time span from admission to postanesthesia is________10. neo-; new11. mega-; large, abnormally large12. iso-; equal, same13. homogeneous14. microscopicC H A P T E R 3 Answer Section Array Answers to Chapter ExercisesEXERCISE 3-1 Array 1. one2. four3. one4. half5. two6. many7. four8. three9. two10. di-11. multi-12. hemi-13. uniEXERCISE 3-21. d2. c3. a4. b5. eEXERCISE 3-31. a-; not, without, lack of, absence2. anti-; against, opposite3. a-4. dis-; absence, removal, separation5. contra-; against6. in-; not7. de-; down, without, removal, loss8. non-; not9. uncoordinated10. inadequate11. disinfect12. impermeable13. decongestant14. incompatible1. e2. c3. d4. b5. a6. d7. c8. a9. b10. e11. b12. e13. c14. a15. d16. c17. e18. d19. a20. b21. one22. two23. four24. left25. three26. one27. two28. four29. non-; notFill in the blanks:1. Karyomegaly is enlargement (-megaly) of the ___________________________________.2. Adenitis is in.ammation (-itis) of a ___________________________________.3. A papilla (pa-PIL-a) is a projection that resembles a(n)___________________________________.4. A .bril is a small ___________________________________.5. Histogenesis is the formation (-genesis) of ___________________________________.6. A myxoma is a tumor of tissue that secretes ___________________________________.7. The term reticular means resembling or pertaining to a(n)___________________________.8. A dimorphic organism has two ___________________________________.9. The term mucosa is used to describe a membrane thatsecretes___________________________.10. Nucleoplasm is the material that .lls the ___________________________________.11. Somatotropin also called growth hormone, has a general stimulating effect on the______.Use the suf.x -logy to build a word with each of the following meanings:12. The study of cells ___________________________________13. The study of tissues ___________________________________14. The study of form ___________________________________Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:_____ 1. erythroblast a. organism capable of manufacturing its own food_____ 2. Hypertrophy b. formation of a nucleus_____ 3. phagocytosis c. increased growth of tissue_____ 4. Karyogenesis d. ingestion of waste by a cell_____ 5. autotroph e. immature red blood cell_____ 6. somatotropic a. attracting color_____ 7. Chromophilic b. acting on the body_____ 8. neoplasia c. substance that acts on the sex glands_____ 9. aplasia d. new formation of tissue_____ 10. gonadotropin e. lack of developmentIdentify and de.ne the root in each of the following words:Root Meaning of Root11. esophagus (e-SOF-a-gus) _______ ___________________________________12. normoblast (NOR-mo_-blast) _______ ___________________________________13. dystrophy (DIS-tro_-f ) _______ ___________________________________14. aplastic (a-PLAS-tik) _______ ___________________________________15. regenerate_______ ___________________________________Fill in the blanks:1. Amylase (AM-i-la_s) is an enzyme that digests ___________________________________.2. The ending -ose indicates that maltose is a(n) ___________________________________.3. Glucogenesis (gl u-ko-JEN-e-sis) is the formation of___________________________________.4. Hydrotherapy is treatment using ___________________________________.5. Liposuction is the surgical removal of ___________________________________.6. Adipose tissue stores ___________________________________.Identify and de.ne the root in each of the following words:Root Meaning of Root7. glucolytic (glu_-ko_-LIT-ik) _______ ___________________________________8. asteatosis (as-te -a-TO_-sis) _______ ___________________________________9. normoglycemia (nor-mo_-gli-SE_-me_-a) _______ ___________________________________10. lipoma (l i_-PO_-ma) _______ ___________________________________Diagram of a Typical Animal CellWrite the name of each numbered part on the corresponding line of the answer sheet.CentrioleCytoplasmEndoplasmic reticulum (ER)Genetic material (DNA)Golgi apparatusLysosomeMitochondrionNuclear membraneNucleolusNucleusPlasma membraneRibosomesChapter Review 4-1Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:_____ 1. ribosomes a. genetic material_____ 2. ATP b. state of internal stability_____ 3. Homeostasis c. organelles that contain RNA_____ 4. DNA d. a type of connective tissue_____ 5. Cartilage e. energy compound of the cells_____ 6. Cytoplasm a. organelles that produce ATP_____ 7. metabolism b. immature red blood cell_____ 8. Mitochondria c. material that .lls the cell_____ 9. Erythroblast d. cell division_____ 10. mitosis e. all the activities of the cell_____ 11. Megakaryocyte a. resembling a gland_____ 12. Reticulocyte b. .brous tumor_____ 13. Chromosome c. cell with a very large nucleus_____ 14. adenoid d. cell that contains a network_____ 15. .broma e. structure that contains genes_____ 16. .broplasia a. without form_____ 17. Amorphous b. wasting of tissue_____ 18. Papillary c. attracting basic stain_____ 19. atrophy d. formation of .brous tissue _____ 20. Basophilic e. like or resembling a nipple _____ 21. hyperplasia a. resembling mucus_____ 22. Hypoglycemia b. low blood sugar_____ 23. Amylase c. enzyme that digests fat_____ 24. mucoid d. overdevelopment of an organ or tissue。