2014年高考真题
2014四川高考语文真题(含答案) 高清版
语文
第Ⅰ卷（单项选择题，共27分）
一、（12分，每小题3分）
1.下列词语中加点的字，读音全部正确的一项是
A．眼睑jiǎn哺育bǔ扎辫子zā亘古未有gèn
B．嫩绿nèn铲除chǎn紧箍咒kū一蹴而就cù
C．抽噎yē迸裂bèng户口簿bù不屈不饶láo
D．愤懑mèn要挟xiá绊脚石bàn恃才傲物shì
一个学生考试得了78分，这只是一个"数字"；如果背后的因素――家庭背景、努力程度、学习态度、智力水平等与78分联系在一起，这就成了"数据"。大数据与传统的数据相比，就有非结构化、数据量巨大、数据分析由专家层变化为用户层、大量采用可视化展现方法等特点，这些特点正好适应了个性化和人性化的学习变化。目前教育变革的讨论,过于集中在在线教育(远程、平板、电子、数字）,这正像任何一个科技让人们最先想到的都是偷懒的哲学，自动化时代最先想到的是卓别林演的自动吃饭机，多媒体时代人们最先想到的是游戏。在线教育本身很难改变学习,在这场教育革命的浪潮中,由在线教育引发的教育由数字支撑到数据支撑变化,确是很多人没有在意的巨大金矿。
目前的经济，已经进入后工业化的大数据时代，人与机器的主流社会关系也逐渐转向人与数据之间的关系。若干年后的社会的竞争是以服务和创新为核心，而我们今天的教育还受制于减少犯错和标准化的“魔咒”。大数据教育提供了另外一种可能，标准化的教育将转向网络完成，而个性化的人才培养将主要由学校承担：越来越小的班级、越来越近的学校、越来越聚焦的教育支持、越来越个性的培养方式。将使教育摆脱工业化时代。
⑥自然景物所包涵的方面，原是极博大、极广阔的。天地岁时，社会人事，静而观之，无一不是自然，无一不可以资欣赏，但这却非要悠闲自得，像朱夫子那样的道学先生才办得到。至于我们这种庸人，要想得到些自然的美感，还是上山水佳处去较为直截了当。
2014年上海高考英语真题试卷(word含听力原文)
绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening prehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a puter in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her puter repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed.C. Shocked.D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn't planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor.B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech.C. It made the mayor's view clearer.D. It carried the mayor's speech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70. B. 20. C. 25. D. 75.12. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special munity.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. Those who were unmarried.15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.plete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.plete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, （25）______I might have a better chance to finda good job. （26）______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that （27）______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already （28）______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big panies. Mother had just said that （29）______ I want to have a better career ad-vancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps （30）______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty （31）______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned （32）______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic pushbutton shop. Now res idents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is （33）______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine （34）______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, （35）_____ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the ing months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural munities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture w ho could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by （36）_____. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far（37）______ (appropriate)In recent years, the mercial pressure from supermarket chains （38）_____ (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, （39）______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops orsetup new munities stores.Hundreds of munities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteerrun shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution （40）______those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: plete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 41at the supermarket. Since you really 42 yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would e in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help43some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who de-cides the layout of your local supermarketincluding which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up — is a choice architect.Governments don’t have to44healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architectone that encourages us to choose what is bestwe will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea bines freedom to choose with 45hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a socalled "traffic light system" to 46foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains 47by looking at the lights on the package. A green light48that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be49; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in50. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading prehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that twothirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple51.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we52do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's outand why; how to deal with difficult53situations involving children, lovers, and col-leagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural54, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really55 issues.Dunbar56the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend twothirds of our time gossip-ing just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—57, he goes on to say, language evolved spe-cifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the58of the higher primates(灵长类动物)like monkeys. By means of groomingcleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or59from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 60 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 61it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to62the pressure and calmeverybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be63to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more64kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with everlarger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by onetoone 65contact.51.A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52.A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53.A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54.A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55.A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56.A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57.A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58.A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59.A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60.A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61.A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62.A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63.A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64.A. mon B. efficient C. scientific D. Thoughtful65.A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree?Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodiesand behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that manyanimals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(猎食动物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds e out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bana-nas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps e running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66.A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67.By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?（B）Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate auto-matically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to createor breakhabits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a rewardsay, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward bee interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will e to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70.Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?”in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71.According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72.What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73.“This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or anEnglish newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The setup is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised(同步的)movement bees fortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwardspotentially for the bet-ter. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racismthe bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good,bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a pro-grammer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really remend it to everyone."74.The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75.We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76.In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77.It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or plete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR).CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. panies typically spend about 1% of pretax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some panies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when panies e under attack for their behavior. Hence the sec-ond layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmen-tal disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon V aldez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, panies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to nongovernmental or-ganisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct(行为准则) and devote them-selves to more transparency(透明)in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their pet-itors, set mon rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could bee part of a pany's petitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has bee popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your pet-itors? Is there any really petitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big panies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is of-ten just windowdressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that panies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue(美德)：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or plete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78.Both _________ in some panies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79.Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80.With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81.According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
2014年英语高考试卷(4套真题经典版)
2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(一）第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
例： What is the man going to rend? A. A newspaperB. A magazineC. A book答案是 A1. What room does the man want?A. SimpleB. DoubleC. Twin2. What will the man buy?A. VegetableB. MeatC. Bread3. What does the man plan to do?A. Go fishingB. Go joggingC. Go camping4. How much is the change?A. $8B. $ 42C. $505. What’s the weather like this afternoon?第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）听下面 4 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。
6. When will the woman go to see the movie? A. Friday. B. Saturday C. Sunday7. Where will the woman sit for the movie?A. In the front.B. In the middleC. At the back听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。
2014年高考英语全国卷1-答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1)英语答案解析第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力第一节1.【答案】A【解析】由对话中女士说“This is the address. How do I find it?”可知女士想找个地方，故选A2.【答案】B【解析】由对话中男士说“I can drop you off on my way.”可知，男士将送女士一程，故选B.3.【答案】C【解析】由对话中男士说今天早上已经叫了各部门负责人到他办公室，他们需要向Mr. Peterson汇报工作。
由此可知，Mr. Peterson 是公司负责人，故选C.4.【答案】B【解析】由对话中男士说“…once I started I simply couldn’t put it down”可知男士认为书很有趣，故选B 5.【答案】A【解析】由对话中女士说都已经五月份了，还得穿御寒的衣服，男士说收音机广播了好消息，说不定从明天起女士就可以穿短裤了呢。
由此可知，谈话者在谈论天气，故选A.6.【答案】B【解析】由男士说“You know there is a basketball match on TV today. Let’s just stay home and watch it.”可知男士想要看电视，所以拒绝加入女士，故选B.7.【答案】C【解析】女士邀请男士一起打乒乓球，男士不想参加，女士最后说她和海伦一起打。
由此可知，女士接下来会做运动，故选C.8.【答案】A【解析】由“I should be home from work at 5:45.”，故选A.9.【答案】C【解析】女士说也许UME电影院七点的电影更好，Jacky Chan 主演的，男士说可以。
由此可知，谈话者要去UME电影院，故选C.10.【答案】A【解析】由“So we're leaving on Monday from Hartsfield International Airport…”可知答案．故选C.11.【答案】A【解析】对话中女士说公司安排了车送他们到机场，并且公司负责这次旅行的费用。
2014年全国统一高考真题数学试卷(理科)(新课标ⅱ)(含答案及解析)
2014年全国统一高考数学试卷（理科）（新课标Ⅱ）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求.1．（5分）设集合M={0，1，2}，N={x|x2﹣3x+2≤0}，则M∩N=（）A．{1}B．{2}C．{0，1}D．{1，2} 2．（5分）设复数z1，z2在复平面内的对应点关于虚轴对称，z1=2+i，则z1z2=（）A．﹣5B．5C．﹣4+i D．﹣4﹣i3．（5分）设向量，满足|+|=，|﹣|=，则•=（）A．1B．2C．3D．54．（5分）钝角三角形ABC的面积是，AB=1，BC=，则AC=（）A．5B．C．2D．15．（5分）某地区空气质量监测资料表明，一天的空气质量为优良的概率是0.75，连续两天为优良的概率是0.6，已知某天的空气质量为优良，则随后一天的空气质量为优良的概率是（）A．0.8B．0.75C．0.6D．0.456．（5分）如图，网格纸上正方形小格的边长为1（表示1cm），图中粗线画出的是某零件的三视图，该零件由一个底面半径为3cm，高为6cm的圆柱体毛坯切削得到，则切削掉部分的体积与原来毛坯体积的比值为（）A．B．C．D．7．（5分）执行如图所示的程序框图，若输入的x，t均为2，则输出的S=（）A．4B．5C．6D．78．（5分）设曲线y=ax﹣ln（x+1）在点（0，0）处的切线方程为y=2x，则a=（）A．0B．1C．2D．39．（5分）设x，y满足约束条件，则z=2x﹣y的最大值为（）A．10B．8C．3D．210．（5分）设F为抛物线C：y2=3x的焦点，过F且倾斜角为30°的直线交C于A，B两点，O为坐标原点，则△OAB的面积为（）A．B．C．D．11．（5分）直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中，∠BCA=90°，M，N分别是A1B1，A1C1的中点，BC=CA=CC1，则BM与AN所成角的余弦值为（）A．B．C．D．12．（5分）设函数f（x）=sin，若存在f（x）的极值点x0满足x02+[f（x0）]2＜m2，则m的取值范围是（）A．（﹣∞，﹣6）∪（6，+∞）B．（﹣∞，﹣4）∪（4，+∞）C．（﹣∞，﹣2）∪（2，+∞）D．（﹣∞，﹣1）∪（1，+∞）二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分.（第13题~第21题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答，第22题~第24题为选考题，考生根据要求作答）13．（5分）（x+a）10的展开式中，x7的系数为15，则a=．14．（5分）函数f（x）=sin（x+2φ）﹣2sinφcos（x+φ）的最大值为．15．（5分）已知偶函数f（x）在[0，+∞）单调递减，f（2）=0，若f（x﹣1）＞0，则x的取值范围是．16．（5分）设点M（x0，1），若在圆O：x2+y2=1上存在点N，使得∠OMN=45°，则x0的取值范围是．三、解答题：解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或验算步骤.17．（12分）已知数列{a n}满足a1=1，a n+1=3a n+1．（Ⅰ）证明{a n+}是等比数列，并求{a n}的通项公式；（Ⅱ）证明：++…+＜．18．（12分）如图，四棱锥P﹣ABCD中，底面ABCD为矩形，PA⊥平面ABCD，E为PD的中点．（Ⅰ）证明：PB∥平面AEC；（Ⅱ）设二面角D﹣AE﹣C为60°，AP=1，AD=，求三棱锥E﹣ACD的体积．19．（12分）某地区2007年至2013年农村居民家庭人均纯收入y（单位：千元）的数据如表：年份2007200820092010201120122013年份代号t1234567人均纯收入y 2.9 3.3 3.6 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.9（Ⅰ）求y关于t的线性回归方程；（Ⅱ）利用（Ⅰ）中的回归方程，分析2007年至2013年该地区农村居民家庭人均纯收入的变化情况，并预测该地区2015年农村居民家庭人均纯收入．附：回归直线的斜率和截距的最小二乘估计公式分别为：=，=﹣．20．（12分）设F1，F2分别是C：+=1（a＞b＞0）的左，右焦点，M是C 上一点且MF2与x轴垂直，直线MF1与C的另一个交点为N．（1）若直线MN的斜率为，求C的离心率；（2）若直线MN在y轴上的截距为2，且|MN|=5|F1N|，求a，b．21．（12分）已知函数f（x）=e x﹣e﹣x﹣2x．（Ⅰ）讨论f（x）的单调性；（Ⅱ）设g（x）=f（2x）﹣4bf（x），当x＞0时，g（x）＞0，求b的最大值；（Ⅲ）已知1.4142＜＜1.4143，估计ln2的近似值（精确到0.001）．请考生在第22、23、24三题中任选一题作答，如果多做，则按所做的第一题计分，作答时请写清题号.【选修4-1：几何证明选讲】22．（10分）如图，P是⊙O外一点，PA是切线，A为切点，割线PBC与⊙O相交于点B，C，PC=2PA，D为PC的中点，AD的延长线交⊙O于点E，证明：（Ⅰ）BE=EC；（Ⅱ）AD•DE=2PB2．【选修4-4：坐标系与参数方程】23．在直角坐标系xOy中，以坐标原点为极点，x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，半圆C的极坐标方程为ρ=2cosθ，θ∈[0，]（Ⅰ）求C的参数方程；（Ⅱ）设点D在半圆C上，半圆C在D处的切线与直线l：y=x+2垂直，根据（1）中你得到的参数方程，求直线CD的倾斜角及D的坐标．六、解答题（共1小题，满分0分）24．设函数f（x）=|x+|+|x﹣a|（a＞0）．（Ⅰ）证明：f（x）≥2；（Ⅱ）若f（3）＜5，求a的取值范围．2014年全国统一高考数学试卷（理科）（新课标Ⅱ）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求.1．（5分）设集合M={0，1，2}，N={x|x2﹣3x+2≤0}，则M∩N=（）A．{1}B．{2}C．{0，1}D．{1，2}【考点】1E：交集及其运算．【专题】5J：集合．【分析】求出集合N的元素，利用集合的基本运算即可得到结论．【解答】解：∵N={x|x2﹣3x+2≤0}={x|（x﹣1）（x﹣2）≤0}={x|1≤x≤2}，∴M∩N={1，2}，故选：D．【点评】本题主要考查集合的基本运算，比较基础．2．（5分）设复数z1，z2在复平面内的对应点关于虚轴对称，z1=2+i，则z1z2=（）A．﹣5B．5C．﹣4+i D．﹣4﹣i【考点】A5：复数的运算．【专题】5N：数系的扩充和复数．【分析】根据复数的几何意义求出z2，即可得到结论．【解答】解：z1=2+i对应的点的坐标为（2，1），∵复数z1，z2在复平面内的对应点关于虚轴对称，∴（2，1）关于虚轴对称的点的坐标为（﹣2，1），则对应的复数，z2=﹣2+i，则z1z2=（2+i）（﹣2+i）=i2﹣4=﹣1﹣4=﹣5，故选：A．【点评】本题主要考查复数的基本运算，利用复数的几何意义是解决本题的关键，比较基础．3．（5分）设向量，满足|+|=，|﹣|=，则•=（）A．1B．2C．3D．5【考点】9O：平面向量数量积的性质及其运算．【专题】5A：平面向量及应用．【分析】将等式进行平方，相加即可得到结论．【解答】解：∵|+|=，|﹣|=，∴分别平方得+2•+=10，﹣2•+=6，两式相减得4•=10﹣6=4，即•=1，故选：A．【点评】本题主要考查向量的基本运算，利用平方进行相加是解决本题的关键，比较基础．4．（5分）钝角三角形ABC的面积是，AB=1，BC=，则AC=（）A．5B．C．2D．1【考点】HR：余弦定理．【专题】56：三角函数的求值．【分析】利用三角形面积公式列出关系式，将已知面积，AB，BC的值代入求出sinB的值，分两种情况考虑：当B为钝角时；当B为锐角时，利用同角三角函数间的基本关系求出cosB的值，利用余弦定理求出AC的值即可．【解答】解：∵钝角三角形ABC的面积是，AB=c=1，BC=a=，∴S=acsinB=，即sinB=，当B为钝角时，cosB=﹣=﹣，利用余弦定理得：AC2=AB2+BC2﹣2AB•BC•cosB=1+2+2=5，即AC=，当B为锐角时，cosB==，利用余弦定理得：AC2=AB2+BC2﹣2AB•BC•cosB=1+2﹣2=1，即AC=1，此时AB2+AC2=BC2，即△ABC为直角三角形，不合题意，舍去，则AC=．故选：B．【点评】此题考查了余弦定理，三角形面积公式，以及同角三角函数间的基本关系，熟练掌握余弦定理是解本题的关键．5．（5分）某地区空气质量监测资料表明，一天的空气质量为优良的概率是0.75，连续两天为优良的概率是0.6，已知某天的空气质量为优良，则随后一天的空气质量为优良的概率是（）A．0.8B．0.75C．0.6D．0.45【考点】C8：相互独立事件和相互独立事件的概率乘法公式．【专题】5I：概率与统计．【分析】设随后一天的空气质量为优良的概率为p，则由题意可得0.75×p=0.6，由此解得p的值．【解答】解：设随后一天的空气质量为优良的概率为p，则由题意可得0.75×p=0.6，解得p=0.8，故选：A．【点评】本题主要考查相互独立事件的概率乘法公式的应用，属于基础题．6．（5分）如图，网格纸上正方形小格的边长为1（表示1cm），图中粗线画出的是某零件的三视图，该零件由一个底面半径为3cm，高为6cm的圆柱体毛坯切削得到，则切削掉部分的体积与原来毛坯体积的比值为（）A．B．C．D．【考点】L!：由三视图求面积、体积．【专题】5F：空间位置关系与距离．【分析】由三视图判断几何体的形状，通过三视图的数据求解几何体的体积即可．【解答】解：几何体是由两个圆柱组成，一个是底面半径为3高为2，一个是底面半径为2，高为4，组合体体积是：32π•2+22π•4=34π．底面半径为3cm，高为6cm的圆柱体毛坯的体积为：32π×6=54π切削掉部分的体积与原来毛坯体积的比值为：=．故选：C．【点评】本题考查三视图与几何体的关系，几何体的体积的求法，考查空间想象能力以及计算能力．7．（5分）执行如图所示的程序框图，若输入的x，t均为2，则输出的S=（）A．4B．5C．6D．7【考点】EF：程序框图．【专题】5K：算法和程序框图．【分析】根据条件，依次运行程序，即可得到结论．【解答】解：若x=t=2，则第一次循环，1≤2成立，则M=，S=2+3=5，k=2，第二次循环，2≤2成立，则M=，S=2+5=7，k=3，此时3≤2不成立，输出S=7，故选：D．【点评】本题主要考查程序框图的识别和判断，比较基础．8．（5分）设曲线y=ax﹣ln（x+1）在点（0，0）处的切线方程为y=2x，则a=（）A．0B．1C．2D．3【考点】6H：利用导数研究曲线上某点切线方程．【专题】52：导数的概念及应用．【分析】根据导数的几何意义，即f′（x0）表示曲线f（x）在x=x0处的切线斜率，再代入计算．【解答】解：，∴y′（0）=a﹣1=2，∴a=3．故选：D．【点评】本题是基础题，考查的是导数的几何意义，这个知识点在高考中是经常考查的内容，一般只要求导正确，就能够求解该题．在高考中，导数作为一个非常好的研究工具，经常会被考查到，特别是用导数研究最值，证明不等式，研究零点问题等等经常以大题的形式出现，学生在复习时要引起重视．9．（5分）设x，y满足约束条件，则z=2x﹣y的最大值为（）A．10B．8C．3D．2【考点】7C：简单线性规划．【专题】59：不等式的解法及应用．【分析】作出不等式组对应的平面区域，利用目标函数的几何意义，利用数形结合确定z的最大值．【解答】解：作出不等式组对应的平面区域如图：（阴影部分ABC）．由z=2x﹣y得y=2x﹣z，平移直线y=2x﹣z，由图象可知当直线y=2x﹣z经过点C时，直线y=2x﹣z的截距最小，此时z最大．由，解得，即C（5，2）代入目标函数z=2x﹣y，得z=2×5﹣2=8．故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查线性规划的应用，结合目标函数的几何意义，利用数形结合的数学思想是解决此类问题的基本方法．10．（5分）设F为抛物线C：y2=3x的焦点，过F且倾斜角为30°的直线交C于A，B两点，O为坐标原点，则△OAB的面积为（）A．B．C．D．【考点】K8：抛物线的性质．【专题】5D：圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】由抛物线方程求出焦点坐标，由直线的倾斜角求出斜率，写出过A，B 两点的直线方程，和抛物线方程联立后化为关于y的一元二次方程，由根与系数关系得到A，B两点纵坐标的和与积，把△OAB的面积表示为两个小三角形AOF与BOF的面积和得答案．【解答】解：由y2=2px，得2p=3，p=，则F（，0）．∴过A，B的直线方程为y=（x﹣），即x=y+．联立，得4y2﹣12y﹣9=0．设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），则y 1+y 2=3，y 1y 2=﹣．∴S△OAB =S △OAF +S△OFB =×|y 1﹣y 2|==×=．故选：D ．【点评】本题考查直线与抛物线的位置关系，考查数学转化思想方法，涉及直线和圆锥曲线关系问题，常采用联立直线和圆锥曲线，然后利用一元二次方程的根与系数关系解题，是中档题．11．（5分）直三棱柱ABC ﹣A 1B 1C 1中，∠BCA=90°，M ，N 分别是A 1B 1，A 1C 1的中点，BC=CA=CC 1，则BM 与AN 所成角的余弦值为（ ） A ．B ．C ．D ．【考点】LM ：异面直线及其所成的角．【专题】5F ：空间位置关系与距离．【分析】画出图形，找出BM 与AN 所成角的平面角，利用解三角形求出BM 与AN 所成角的余弦值．【解答】解：直三棱柱ABC ﹣A 1B 1C 1中，∠BCA=90°，M ，N 分别是A 1B 1，A 1C 1的中点，如图：BC 的中点为O ，连结ON ，，则MN0B 是平行四边形，BM 与AN 所成角就是∠ANO ，∵BC=CA=CC 1，设BC=CA=CC 1=2，∴CO=1，AO=，AN=，MB===， 在△ANO 中，由余弦定理可得：cos ∠ANO===．故选：C ．【点评】本题考查异面直线对称角的求法，作出异面直线所成角的平面角是解题的关键，同时考查余弦定理的应用．12．（5分）设函数f（x）=sin，若存在f（x）的极值点x0满足x02+[f（x0）]2＜m2，则m的取值范围是（）A．（﹣∞，﹣6）∪（6，+∞）B．（﹣∞，﹣4）∪（4，+∞）C．（﹣∞，﹣2）∪（2，+∞）D．（﹣∞，﹣1）∪（1，+∞）【考点】H4：正弦函数的定义域和值域．【专题】57：三角函数的图像与性质．【分析】由题意可得，f（x0）=±，且=kπ+，k∈Z，再由题意可得当m2最小时，|x0|最小，而|x0|最小为|m|，可得m2 ＞m2+3，由此求得m的取值范围．【解答】解：由题意可得，f（x0）=±，即=kπ+，k∈z，即x0=m．再由x02+[f（x0）]2＜m2，即x02+3＜m2，可得当m2最小时，|x0|最小，而|x0|最小为|m|，∴m2 ＞m2+3，∴m2＞4．求得m＞2，或m＜﹣2，故选：C．【点评】本题主要正弦函数的图象和性质，函数的零点的定义，体现了转化的数学思想，属于中档题．二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分.（第13题~第21题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答，第22题~第24题为选考题，考生根据要求作答）13．（5分）（x+a）10的展开式中，x7的系数为15，则a=．【考点】DA：二项式定理．【专题】5P：二项式定理．【分析】在二项展开式的通项公式中，令x的幂指数等于3，求出r的值，即可求得x7的系数，再根据x7的系数为15，求得a的值．【解答】解：（x+a）10的展开式的通项公式为T r=•x10﹣r•a r，+1令10﹣r=7，求得r=3，可得x7的系数为a3•=120a3=15，∴a=，故答案为：．【点评】本题主要考查二项式定理的应用，二项展开式的通项公式，求展开式中某项的系数，二项式系数的性质，属于中档题．14．（5分）函数f（x）=sin（x+2φ）﹣2sinφcos（x+φ）的最大值为1．【考点】GP：两角和与差的三角函数；HW：三角函数的最值．【专题】56：三角函数的求值．【分析】由条件利用两角和差的正弦公式、余弦公式化简函数的解析式为f（x）=sinx，从而求得函数的最大值．【解答】解：函数f（x）=sin（x+2φ）﹣2sinφcos（x+φ）=sin[（x+φ）+φ]﹣2sinφcos （x+φ）=sin（x+φ）cosφ+cos（x+φ）sinφ﹣2sinφcos（x+φ）=sin（x+φ）cosφ﹣cos（x+φ）sinφ=sin[（x+φ）﹣φ]=sinx，故函数f（x）的最大值为1，故答案为：1．【点评】本题主要考查两角和差的正弦公式、余弦公式的应用，正弦函数的最值，属于中档题．15．（5分）已知偶函数f（x）在[0，+∞）单调递减，f（2）=0，若f（x﹣1）＞0，则x的取值范围是（﹣1，3）．【考点】3N：奇偶性与单调性的综合．【专题】51：函数的性质及应用．【分析】根据函数奇偶性和单调性之间的关系将不等式等价转化为f（|x﹣1|）＞f（2），即可得到结论．【解答】解：∵偶函数f（x）在[0，+∞）单调递减，f（2）=0，∴不等式f（x﹣1）＞0等价为f（x﹣1）＞f（2），即f（|x﹣1|）＞f（2），∴|x﹣1|＜2，解得﹣1＜x＜3，故答案为：（﹣1，3）【点评】本题主要考查函数奇偶性和单调性之间的关系的应用，将不等式等价转化为f（|x﹣1|）＞f（2）是解决本题的关键．16．（5分）设点M（x0，1），若在圆O：x2+y2=1上存在点N，使得∠OMN=45°，则x0的取值范围是[﹣1，1] ．【考点】J9：直线与圆的位置关系．【专题】5B：直线与圆．【分析】根据直线和圆的位置关系，画出图形，利用数形结合即可得到结论．【解答】解：由题意画出图形如图：点M（x0，1），要使圆O：x2+y2=1上存在点N，使得∠OMN=45°，则∠OMN的最大值大于或等于45°时一定存在点N，使得∠OMN=45°，而当MN与圆相切时∠OMN取得最大值，此时MN=1，图中只有M′到M″之间的区域满足MN≤1，∴x0的取值范围是[﹣1，1]．【点评】本题考查直线与圆的位置关系，直线与直线设出角的求法，数形结合是快速解得本题的策略之一．三、解答题：解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或验算步骤.17．（12分）已知数列{a n}满足a1=1，a n+1=3a n+1．（Ⅰ）证明{a n+}是等比数列，并求{a n}的通项公式；（Ⅱ）证明：++…+＜．【考点】87：等比数列的性质；8E：数列的求和．【专题】14：证明题；54：等差数列与等比数列．【分析】（Ⅰ）根据等比数列的定义，后一项与前一项的比是常数，即=常数，又首项不为0，所以为等比数列；再根据等比数列的通项化式，求出{a n}的通项公式；（Ⅱ）将进行放大，即将分母缩小，使得构成一个等比数列，从而求和，证明不等式．【解答】证明（Ⅰ）==3，∵≠0，∴数列{a n+}是以首项为，公比为3的等比数列；∴a n+==，即；（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）知，当n≥2时，∵3n﹣1＞3n﹣3n﹣1，∴＜=，∴当n=1时，成立，当n≥2时，++…+＜1+…+==＜．时，++…+＜．∴对n∈N+【点评】本题考查的是等比数列，用放缩法证明不等式，证明数列为等比数列，只需要根据等比数列的定义就行；数列与不等式常结合在一起考，放缩法是常用的方法之一，通过放大或缩小，使原数列变成一个等比数列，或可以用裂项相消法求和的新数列．属于中档题．18．（12分）如图，四棱锥P﹣ABCD中，底面ABCD为矩形，PA⊥平面ABCD，E为PD的中点．（Ⅰ）证明：PB∥平面AEC；（Ⅱ）设二面角D﹣AE﹣C为60°，AP=1，AD=，求三棱锥E﹣ACD的体积．【考点】LF：棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积；LS：直线与平面平行；MJ：二面角的平面角及求法．【专题】5F：空间位置关系与距离．【分析】（Ⅰ）连接BD交AC于O点，连接EO，只要证明EO∥PB，即可证明PB∥平面AEC；（Ⅱ）延长AE至M连结DM，使得AM⊥DM，说明∠CMD=60°，是二面角的平面角，求出CD，即可三棱锥E﹣ACD的体积．【解答】（Ⅰ）证明：连接BD交AC于O点，连接EO，∵O为BD中点，E为PD中点，∴EO∥PB，（2分）EO⊂平面AEC，PB⊄平面AEC，所以PB∥平面AEC；（6分）（Ⅱ）解：延长AE至M连结DM，使得AM⊥DM，∵四棱锥P﹣ABCD中，底面ABCD为矩形，PA⊥平面ABCD，∴CD⊥平面AMD，∴CD⊥MD．∵二面角D﹣AE﹣C为60°，∴∠CMD=60°，∵AP=1，AD=，∠ADP=30°，∴PD=2，E为PD的中点．AE=1，∴DM=，CD==．三棱锥E﹣ACD的体积为：==．【点评】本题考查直线与平面平行的判定，几何体的体积的求法，二面角等指数的应用，考查逻辑思维能力，是中档题．19．（12分）某地区2007年至2013年农村居民家庭人均纯收入y（单位：千元）的数据如表：年份2007200820092010201120122013年份代号t1234567人均纯收入y 2.9 3.3 3.6 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.9（Ⅰ）求y关于t的线性回归方程；（Ⅱ）利用（Ⅰ）中的回归方程，分析2007年至2013年该地区农村居民家庭人均纯收入的变化情况，并预测该地区2015年农村居民家庭人均纯收入．附：回归直线的斜率和截距的最小二乘估计公式分别为：=，=﹣．【考点】BK：线性回归方程．【专题】11：计算题；5I：概率与统计．【分析】（Ⅰ）根据所给的数据，利用最小二乘法可得横标和纵标的平均数，横标和纵标的积的和，与横标的平方和，代入公式求出b的值，再求出a的值，写出线性回归方程．（Ⅱ）根据上一问做出的线性回归方程，代入所给的t的值，预测该地区2015年农村居民家庭人均纯收入，这是一个估计值．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）由题意，=×（1+2+3+4+5+6+7）=4，=×（2.9+3.3+3.6+4.4+4.8+5.2+5.9）=4.3，∴== =0.5，=﹣=4.3﹣0.5×4=2.3．∴y关于t的线性回归方程为=0.5t+2.3；（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）知，b=0.5＞0，故2007年至2013年该地区农村居民家庭人均纯收入逐年增加，平均每年增加0.5千元．将2015年的年份代号t=9代入=0.5t+2.3，得：=0.5×9+2.3=6.8，故预测该地区2015年农村居民家庭人均纯收入为6.8千元．【点评】本题考查线性回归分析的应用，本题解题的关键是利用最小二乘法认真做出线性回归方程的系数，这是整个题目做对的必备条件，本题是一个基础题．20．（12分）设F1，F2分别是C：+=1（a＞b＞0）的左，右焦点，M是C 上一点且MF2与x轴垂直，直线MF1与C的另一个交点为N．（1）若直线MN的斜率为，求C的离心率；（2）若直线MN在y轴上的截距为2，且|MN|=5|F1N|，求a，b．【考点】K4：椭圆的性质．【专题】5E：圆锥曲线中的最值与范围问题．【分析】（1）根据条件求出M的坐标，利用直线MN的斜率为，建立关于a，c的方程即可求C的离心率；（2）根据直线MN在y轴上的截距为2，以及|MN|=5|F1N|，建立方程组关系，求出N的坐标，代入椭圆方程即可得到结论．【解答】解：（1）∵M是C上一点且MF2与x轴垂直，∴M的横坐标为c，当x=c时，y=，即M（c，），若直线MN的斜率为，即tan∠MF1F2=，即b2==a2﹣c2，即c2+﹣a2=0，则，即2e2+3e﹣2=0解得e=或e=﹣2（舍去），即e=．（Ⅱ）由题意，原点O是F1F2的中点，则直线MF1与y轴的交点D（0，2）是线段MF1的中点，设M（c，y），（y＞0），则，即，解得y=，∵OD是△MF1F2的中位线，∴=4，即b2=4a，由|MN|=5|F1N|，则|MF1|=4|F1N|，解得|DF1|=2|F1N|，即设N（x1，y1），由题意知y1＜0，则（﹣c，﹣2）=2（x1+c，y1）．即，即代入椭圆方程得，将b2=4a代入得，解得a=7，b=．【点评】本题主要考查椭圆的性质，利用条件建立方程组，利用待定系数法是解决本题的关键，综合性较强，运算量较大，有一定的难度．21．（12分）已知函数f（x）=e x﹣e﹣x﹣2x．（Ⅰ）讨论f（x）的单调性；（Ⅱ）设g（x）=f（2x）﹣4bf（x），当x＞0时，g（x）＞0，求b的最大值；（Ⅲ）已知1.4142＜＜1.4143，估计ln2的近似值（精确到0.001）．【考点】6B：利用导数研究函数的单调性．【专题】16：压轴题；53：导数的综合应用．【分析】对第（Ⅰ）问，直接求导后，利用基本不等式可达到目的；对第（Ⅱ）问，先验证g（0）=0，只需说明g（x）在[0+∞）上为增函数即可，从而问题转化为“判断g′（x）＞0是否成立”的问题；对第（Ⅲ）问，根据第（Ⅱ）问的结论，设法利用的近似值，并寻求ln2，于是在b=2及b＞2的情况下分别计算，最后可估计ln2的近似值．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）由f（x）得f′（x）=e x+e﹣x﹣2，即f′（x）≥0，当且仅当e x=e﹣x即x=0时，f′（x）=0，∴函数f（x）在R上为增函数．（Ⅱ）g（x）=f（2x）﹣4bf（x）=e2x﹣e﹣2x﹣4b（e x﹣e﹣x）+（8b﹣4）x，则g′（x）=2[e2x+e﹣2x﹣2b（e x+e﹣x）+（4b﹣2）]=2[（e x+e﹣x）2﹣2b（e x+e﹣x）+（4b﹣4）]=2（e x+e﹣x﹣2）（e x+e﹣x+2﹣2b）．①∵e x+e﹣x＞2，e x+e﹣x+2＞4，∴当2b≤4，即b≤2时，g′（x）≥0，当且仅当x=0时取等号，从而g（x）在R上为增函数，而g（0）=0，∴x＞0时，g（x）＞0，符合题意．②当b＞2时，若x满足2＜e x+e﹣x＜2b﹣2即，得，此时，g′（x）＜0，又由g（0）=0知，当时，g（x）＜0，不符合题意．综合①、②知，b≤2，得b的最大值为2．（Ⅲ）∵1.4142＜＜1.4143，根据（Ⅱ）中g（x）=e2x﹣e﹣2x﹣4b（e x﹣e﹣x）+（8b﹣4）x，为了凑配ln2，并利用的近似值，故将ln即代入g（x）的解析式中，得．当b=2时，由g（x）＞0，得，从而；令，得＞2，当时，由g（x）＜0，得，得．所以ln2的近似值为0.693．【点评】1．本题三个小题的难度逐步增大，考查了学生对函数单调性深层次的把握能力，对思维的要求较高，属压轴题．2．从求解过程来看，对导函数解析式的合理变形至关重要，因为这直接影响到对导数符号的判断，是解决本题的一个重要突破口．3．本题的难点在于如何寻求ln2，关键是根据第（2）问中g（x）的解析式探究b的值，从而获得不等式，这样自然地将不等式放缩为的范围的端点值，达到了估值的目的．请考生在第22、23、24三题中任选一题作答，如果多做，则按所做的第一题计分，作答时请写清题号.【选修4-1：几何证明选讲】22．（10分）如图，P是⊙O外一点，PA是切线，A为切点，割线PBC与⊙O相交于点B，C，PC=2PA，D为PC的中点，AD的延长线交⊙O于点E，证明：（Ⅰ）BE=EC；（Ⅱ）AD•DE=2PB2．【考点】N4：相似三角形的判定；NC：与圆有关的比例线段．【专题】17：选作题；5Q：立体几何．【分析】（Ⅰ）连接OE，OA，证明OE⊥BC，可得E是的中点，从而BE=EC；（Ⅱ）利用切割线定理证明PD=2PB，PB=BD，结合相交弦定理可得AD•DE=2PB2．【解答】证明：（Ⅰ）连接OE，OA，则∠OAE=∠OEA，∠OAP=90°，∵PC=2PA，D为PC的中点，∴PA=PD，∴∠PAD=∠PDA，∵∠PDA=∠CDE，∴∠OEA+∠CDE=∠OAE+∠PAD=90°，∴OE⊥BC，∴E是的中点，∴BE=EC；（Ⅱ）∵PA是切线，A为切点，割线PBC与⊙O相交于点B，C，∴PA2=PB•PC，∵PC=2PA，∴PA=2PB，∴PD=2PB，∴PB=BD，∴BD•DC=PB•2PB，∵AD•DE=BD•DC，∴AD•DE=2PB2．【点评】本题考查与圆有关的比例线段，考查切割线定理、相交弦定理，考查学生分析解决问题的能力，属于中档题．【选修4-4：坐标系与参数方程】23．在直角坐标系xOy中，以坐标原点为极点，x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，半圆C的极坐标方程为ρ=2cosθ，θ∈[0，]（Ⅰ）求C的参数方程；（Ⅱ）设点D在半圆C上，半圆C在D处的切线与直线l：y=x+2垂直，根据（1）中你得到的参数方程，求直线CD的倾斜角及D的坐标．【考点】QH：参数方程化成普通方程．【专题】5S：坐标系和参数方程．【分析】（1）利用即可得出直角坐标方程，利用cos2t+sin2t=1进而得出参数方程．（2）利用半圆C在D处的切线与直线l：y=x+2垂直，则直线CD的斜率与直线l的斜率相等，即可得出直线CD的倾斜角及D的坐标．【解答】解：（1）由半圆C的极坐标方程为ρ=2cosθ，θ∈[0，]，即ρ2=2ρcosθ，可得C的普通方程为（x﹣1）2+y2=1（0≤y≤1）．可得C的参数方程为（t为参数，0≤t≤π）．（2）设D（1+cos t，sin t），由（1）知C是以C（1，0）为圆心，1为半径的上半圆，∵直线CD的斜率与直线l的斜率相等，∴tant=，t=．故D的直角坐标为，即（，）．【点评】本题考查了把极坐标方程化为直角坐标方程、参数方程化为普通方程、直线与圆的位置关系，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．六、解答题（共1小题，满分0分）24．设函数f（x）=|x+|+|x﹣a|（a＞0）．（Ⅰ）证明：f（x）≥2；（Ⅱ）若f（3）＜5，求a的取值范围．【考点】R5：绝对值不等式的解法．【专题】59：不等式的解法及应用．【分析】（Ⅰ）由a＞0，f（x）=|x+|+|x﹣a|，利用绝对值三角不等式、基本不等式证得f（x）≥2成立．（Ⅱ）由f（3）=|3+|+|3﹣a|＜5，分当a＞3时和当0＜a≤3时两种情况，分别去掉绝对值，求得不等式的解集，再取并集，即得所求．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）证明：∵a＞0，f（x）=|x+|+|x﹣a|≥|（x+）﹣（x﹣a）|=|a+|=a+≥2=2，故不等式f（x）≥2成立．（Ⅱ）∵f（3）=|3+|+|3﹣a|＜5，∴当a＞3时，不等式即a+＜5，即a2﹣5a+1＜0，解得3＜a＜．当0＜a≤3时，不等式即6﹣a+＜5，即a2﹣a﹣1＞0，求得＜a≤3．综上可得，a的取值范围（，）．【点评】本题主要考查绝对值三角不等式，绝对值不等式的解法，体现了转化、分类讨论的数学思想，属于中档题．。
2014年全国高考语文真题和答案详解
2014年全国高考语文真题第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定。
周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注．据《礼记》记栽，周代对食品交易的规定有：‚五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市。
‛这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录．汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富。
为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定。
汉朝《二年律令》规定：‚诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法。
‛即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员。
唐朝《唐律》规定：‚脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十。
若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞。
即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
‛从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果以科罚。
宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。
孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追述了北宋都城开封府的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食业的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店铺以及相关行会。
商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商贩‚以物市于人，敝恶之物，饰为新奇；假伪之物，饰为真实。
如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增温润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物‛（《袁氏世范》）。
有的不法分子甚至采用鸡塞沙，鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩谋取利润。
为了加强对食品掺假，以次充好现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必须加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责。
‚市肆谓之行者，因官府料索而得此名，不以其物小大，但合充用者，皆臵为行，虽医卜亦有职。
2014广东高考数学真题(附答案完整版)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）数学(理)一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，满分40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1.已知集合{1,0,1},{0,1,2},M N =-=则M N ⋃=A ．{1,0,1}- B. {1,0,1,2}- C. {1,0,2}- D. {0,1} 2.已知复数Z 满足(34)25,i z +=则Z=A ．34i - B. 34i + C. 34i -- D. 34i -+3.若变量,x y 满足约束条件121y xx y z x y y ≤⎧⎪+≤=+⎨⎪≥-⎩且的最大值和最小值分别为M 和m ，则M-m=A ．8 B.7 C.6 D.54.若实数k 满足09,k <<则曲线221259x y k -=-与曲线221259x y k -=-的 A ．离心率相等 B.虚半轴长相等 C. 实半轴长相等 D.焦距相等5.已知向量()1,0,1,a =-则下列向量中与a 成60︒夹角的是A ．（-1,1,0） B.（1,-1,0） C.（0,-1,1） D.（-1,0,1）6、已知某地区中小学生人数和近视情况分别如图1和图2所示，为了解该地区中小学生的近视形成原因，用分层抽样的方法抽取2%的学生进行调查，则样本容量和抽取的高中生近视人数分别为 A. 200,20 B. 100,20 C. 200,10 D. 100,107.若空间中四条两两不同的直线1234,,,l l l l ，满足122334,,l l l l l l ⊥⊥⊥，则下列结论一定正确的是 A.14l l ⊥ B.14//l l C.14,l l 既不垂直也不平行 D.14,l l 的位置关系不确定8.设集合(){}12345=,,,,{1,0,1},1,2,3,4,5iA x x x x x x i ∈-=，那么集合A 中满足条件“1234513x x x x x ≤++++≤”的元素个数为 A.60 B.90 C.120 D.130二、填空题：本大题共7小题，考生作答6小题，每小题5分，满分30分．（一）必做题（9～13题）9.不等式521≥++-x x 的解集为 .(][)(][),32,:12532,,32,.-∞-+∞---∞-+∞答案:提示数轴上到与距离之和为的数为和故该不等式的解集为:10.曲线25+=-xe y 在点)3,0(处的切线方程为 .11.从0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9中任取七个不同的数，则这七个数的中位数是6的概率为 .12.在ABC ∆中，角C B A ,,所对应的边分别为c b a ,,，已知b B c C b 2cos cos =+， 则=ba.13.若等比数列{}n a 的各项均为正数,且512911102e a a a a =+,则1220ln ln ln a a a +++= .（二）选做题（14～15题，考生从中选做一题）14.（坐标与参数方程选做题）在极坐标系中，曲线C 1和C 2的方程分别为2sincos ρθθ=和sin ρθ＝1，以极点为平面直角坐标系的原点，极轴为x 轴的正半轴，建立平面直角坐标系，则曲线C 1和C 2的交点的直角坐标为＿＿15.（几何证明选讲选做题）如图3，在平行四边形ABCD 中，点E 在AB 上且EB ＝2AE ，AC 与DE 交于点F ，则CDF AEF ∆∆的面积的面积＝＿＿＿三、解答题：本大题共6小题，满分80分．解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和 演算步骤．16、（12分）已知函数R x x A x f ∈+=),4sin()(π，且23)125(=πf ， （1）求A 的值； （2）若23)()(=-+θθf f ，)2,0(πθ∈，求)43(θπ-f .17、（13分）随机观测生产某种零件的某工厂25名工人的日加工零件数（单位：件），获得数据如下：根据上述数据得到样本的频率分布表如下：（1）确定样本频率分布表中121,,n n f 和2f 的值；（2）根据上述频率分布表，画出样本频率分布直方图；（3）根据样本频率分布直方图，求在该厂任取4人，至少有1人的日加工零件数落在区间（30,35］的概率.18.（13分）如图4，四边形ABCD 为正方形，PD ⊥平面ABCD ，∠DPC ＝030，AF ⊥PC 于点F ，FE ∥CD ，交PD 于点E.（1）证明：CF ⊥平面ADF ； （2）求二面角D －AF －E 的余弦值. 19.（14分）设数列{}n a 的前n 和为n S ,满足2*1234,n n S na n n n N +=--∈，且315S =. (1)求123,,a a a 的值;(2)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;20.（14分）已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b a b +=>>的一个焦点为（1）求椭圆C 的标准方程；（2）若动点00(,)P x y 为椭圆外一点，且点P 到椭圆C 的两条切线相互垂直，求点P 的轨迹方程.21.（本题14分）设函数()f x =2k <-，（1）求函数()f x 的定义域D （用区间表示）； （2）讨论()f x 在区间D 上的单调性；（3）若6k <-，求D 上满足条件()(1)f x f >的x 的集合（用区间表示）.9.答案:10.答案：5x+y-3=0 11答案：1/6 12答案：2 13答案：50 14答案：（1，1） 15答案：9 16答案：55233:(1)()sin()sin ,12124322(2)(1):()sin(),4()()sin()sin()44coscos sin )(sin()cos cos()sin )44443cos sin42cos(0,),2f AA A f x xf f πππππππθθθθππππθθθθπθθπθθ=+==∴===+∴+-=+-+=+-+-===∴=∈解由得sin 33()sin()).444f θπππθθπθθ∴=∴-=-+=-===),2[]3,(+∞⋃--∞17答案：121272:(1)7,2,0.28,0.08;2525(2):n n f f ======解频率分布直方图如下所示(](](]044(3),30,350.2,30,35(4,0.2),130,35:1(0.2)(0.8)10.40960.5904.B C ξξ-=-=根据频率分布直方图可得工人们日加工零件数落在区间的概率为设日加工零件数落在区间的人数为随机变量,则故4人中,至少有人的日加工零件数落在区间的概率为18答案::(1):,,,,A ,,,,,,,,,,.(2):E EG//CF DF G,,,G GH AF H,EH,PD ABCD PD PCD PCD ABCD PCD ABCD CD D ABCD AD CD AD PCD CF PCD CF AD AF PC CF AF AD AF ADF ADAF A CF ADF CF DF EG DF ⊥⊂∴⊥=⊂⊥∴⊥⊂∴⊥⊥∴⊥⊂=∴⊥⊥∴⊥⊥∠解证明平面平面平面平面平面平面平面平面又平面平面解法一过作交于平面A 平面A 过作于连则00,CD 2,30,130,==1,21324,,,,,22333EG .,423EHG D AF E DPC CDF CF CDDE CF CP EF DC DEDF DP CP DE EF AE AF EF DF AE EF EH HG AF --=∠=∴∠==∴=∴==⋅======⋅∴==为二面角的平面角设从而∥还易求得EF=从而易得故cos GH EHG EH ∴∠===12:,,,,,2,1(0,0,2),C(0,2,0),,(23,22,0),,,431(,0),(ADF CP (3,1,0),2222AEF (x DP DC DA x y z DC A CF CP F DF CF F E n n λλλλ==-⊥===-=解法二分别以为轴建立空间直角坐标系设则设则可得从而易得取面的一个法向量为设面的一个法向量为2212212,y,z),0,0,||||2n AE n AF n n n n n ⋅=⋅=⋅==⋅⨯利用且得可以是从而所求二面角的余弦值为19答案：211222122331212121331221232121:(1)2314127+=432424()204(15)20,+83,,1587,53,5,7,(2)2342,2(1)3(1)4(n n n n a S a a a a S a S a a a a a a a a S a a a a a a S na n nn S n a n n +-==-⨯-⨯=-=-⨯-⨯=---=---∴==⎧∴=--=-=⎨=⎩====--∴≥=-----解①②联立①②解得综上③当时11121)2161,22(1)21,:()(1),1,3211,;(),,21,21611,22211(21)322411322232(1)11n n n k k k n n a a n na n i n a ii n k a k k k n k a a k k k k k k k k k k k n k ++-+-=+=+===⨯+==+-+=+=+-=⋅+++-=++=+=++=+④③④并整理得:由猜想以下用数学归纳法证明由知当时猜想成立假设当时猜想成立即则当时这就是说,,,2 1.n n N a n *∈=+时猜想也成立从而对一切20答案：2222200220022:(1)3,954,1.94(2),,4(3,2),(3,2).(),(),194(94)18(cc e a b a cax yCx yy y k x xx yy k x x yk x k y====∴==-=-=∴+=-±±-=-=-++=++解椭圆的标准方程为:若一切线垂直轴则另一切线垂直于轴则这样的点P共个,它们的坐标分别为若两切线不垂直于坐标轴,设切线方程为即将之代入椭圆方程中并整理得:200002222220000002 222000001220 2200)9()40,,0,(18)()36()4(94)0,4()4(94)0,4(9)240,,1,:1,913,(3,2),(3,2)kx x y kxk y kx y kx k y kx ky x k x y k y k kx x y⎡⎤-+--=∆=⎣⎦⎡⎤----+=--+=⎣⎦-∴--+-=∴=-=--∴+=-±±依题意即:即两切线相互垂直即显然这四点也满足以上方22,13.P x y∴+=程点的轨迹方程为21答案：222222122222:(1)(2)2(2)30,2123:210,44(1)4(2)0(2),21=01210:11230,23044(3)x x k x x k x x k x x k x x k k k k x x k x x k x x x x k x x k k +++++->++>++<-++->∆=--=-><-∴++--±∴++-><->-+++<+++=∆=-+=解则①或②由①得方程的解为由得由②得:方程的判别式23'24(2)0(2),1230:112,11111(,1(12,12)(12,).(2)0,1()2(2k k x x k x k D k k k u f x u x ---><-∴-+++<-<-+<-∴---<-+-∴=-∞------+---+-+∞=>=-⋅⋅该方程的解为由得设则23222'2'22)(22)2(22)2(1)(21)()(,1,10,21110,()0;()(11),10,21310,()0;()(1,1,10,21310,x k x x u x x x k i x x x x k f x ii x x x x k f x iii x x x x k f -⎡⎤++⋅+++⎣⎦=-+⋅+++∈-∞-+<+++>+>∴>∈---+<+++<-+<∴<∈--+>+++<-+<∴当时当时当时'2'()0;()(1),10,21110,()0.,():(,11,1,():(11),(1).x iv x x x x k f x f x D f x D >∈-+∞+>+++>+>∴<-∞------+∞当时综上在上的单调增区间为在上的单调减区间为11 22222222222(3)g(x)(2)2(2)3,(1),x D ,g(x)0;g(1)(3k)2(3)3(6)(2),,6,(1)0,()(1)()(1),()(1)[(2)2(2)3][(3k)2(3)3][(2)(3k)]x x k x x k k k k k g f x f g x g g x g x x k x x k k x x k =+++++-∈>=+++-=++<->>⇔<-=+++++--+++-=++-+设由知当时又显然当时从而不等式2222[(2)(3)](3)(1)(225),()(3)(1)0,()(1),()(6,111311111,1111),2250,k x x k k x x x x k i x x x f x f g x x g x k x x +++-+=+-++<-∴----<<-+-+----+<+->∴><+<-++<<当欲使即亦即即2222(3)(1)0,225(2)(5)3(5)0,()(1),()(1);(1iii)31,(3)(1)0,2253(5)0,()(1),;(iv)1(()13,13)(1)0,,2ii x x x x x k x x k k k g x g f x f x x x x x k k g x g x x x x x <+->+++=++++<-++<<>-<<+---<--<+++<-++<∴><<+->++时此时即时不合题意21,11253(5)0,()(1),;(v)(3)(1)0,()(1),2250,()(1)11,11(13)(1(1(,11k k g x x g x x x g x g x x x k f x f -+-<-+<-++<∴<>+->∴<+-<---⋃--⋃-+⋃--+++<>从而综合题意欲使则即的解集为:上所述。
2014全国卷语文高考真题试卷及答案解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国大纲卷）语文试题第Ⅰ卷一、（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是（B）A．龃龉．（yǔ) 系．鞋带(xi) 舐．犊情深（shi) 曲．意逢迎（qū)B．倜傥．(tǎng) 纤．维素（xiān) 羽扇纶．巾(guān ) 针砭．时弊(biān)C．感喟．(kuì) 揭疮．疤（chuāng) 按捺．不住（nài) 大相径．庭（jing)D．霰．弹(xiàn ) 涮．羊肉（shuàn) 以儆．效尤（jǐng) 纵横捭．阖必（bì)2．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（A）A．在评价某些历史人物时，我们不能只是简单地对他们盖棺论定．．．．，，还应该学科网特别注意研究他们的人生经历和思想变化轨迹。
B．这把吉他是我最要好的朋友出国前存在我这里的，本来说存一年，结果朋友一直没回来，这吉他到现在巳经由我敝帚自珍．．．．了十年。
C．最美的是小镇的春天，草长莺飞，风声鹤唳．．．．，走进小镇就如同置身于世外桃源，来此旅游的人一定会被这里的美丽景色深深吸引。
D．这个剧院的大型话剧、歌剧等演出票价不菲，让许多有艺术爱好而又收入不高的普通人叹为观止．．．．，无法亲临现场享受艺术大餐。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是答：DA．有的人看够了城市的繁华，喜欢到一些人迹罕至的地方去游玩，但这是有风险的，近年来已经发生了多次背包客被困野山的案情。
B．他家离铁路不远，小时候常常去看火车玩儿，火车每当鸣着汽笛从他身边飞驰而过时，他就很兴奋，觉得自己也被赋予了一种力量。
学科网C．新“旅游法”的颁布实施，让很多旅行社必须面对新规定带来的各种新问题，不少旅行社正从过去拼价格向未来拼服务转型的阵痛。
D．哈大高铁施行新的运行计划后，哈尔滨至北京、上海等地的部分列车也将进一步压缩运行时间，为广大旅客快捷出行提供更多选择。
4．依次填人下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是答：C信息时代给人们带来了一种新的极其便捷的阅读方式，那就是网络阅读。
2014年高考真题——英语(新课标I卷)含答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项：1本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
2答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
4.第I卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.答案是C。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride..C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult..B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2014高考试题及答案
2014高考试题及答案2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题及答案解析一、语文知识运用（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）1. 下列词语中加点的字，读音全部正确的一项是：A. 湍急（tuān）星宿（xiù）拾掇（duó）绯红（fēi）B. 峥嵘（zhēng）缜密（zhěn）筵席（yán）睥睨（nì）C. 讣告（fù）涸泽（hé）缱绻（quǎn）斡旋（wò）D. 倥偬（kǒng）缥缈（miǎo）翩跹（xiān）缄默（jiān）2. 下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是：A. 妨碍妨碍妨害妨碍B. 观摩观摹观磨观摩C. 妨碍妨害妨碍妨害D. 观摩观摹观磨观摹3. 依次填入下面一段文字横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是：在这个过程中，我们不仅要______新知识，还要学会______已有的知识，更要善于______和运用这些知识。
A. 吸收整合应用B. 整合吸收应用C. 应用吸收整合D. 应用整合吸收4. 下列句子中，没有语病的一项是：A. 通过这次活动，使大家对团队协作有了更深刻的认识。
B. 他的话虽然简单，但却意味深长，让人回味无穷。
C. 这本书的内容深入浅出，对于初学者来说，是一本难得的好书。
D. 为了避免不再发生类似事故，我们必须加强安全管理。
5. 根据语境，选择正确的句子填空：春天到了，______，万物复苏，处处充满了生机。
A. 冰雪融化B. 秋风萧瑟C. 夏日炎炎D. 冬雪皑皑...（此处省略其他题目）二、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题3分，满分60分）（一）现代文阅读（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面的文字，完成6-10题。
6. 作者在文中提到的“绿色革命”主要是指什么？A. 农业生产方式的转变B. 环境保护意识的提升C. 可持续发展战略的实施D. 生态农业的推广7. 文章中提到的“三农”问题，具体指的是什么？A. 农业、农村、农民B. 农业、农村、粮食C. 农业、畜牧业、渔业D. 农业、农村、农产品8. 根据文章内容，以下哪项不是解决“三农”问题的措施？A. 推进农业产业化B. 加强农村基础设施建设C. 提高农产品出口量D. 完善农村社会保障体系9. 作者认为，发展农村经济的关键在于什么？A. 政府的政策支持B. 农民的自我发展能力C. 农业科技的进步D. 农产品市场的扩大10. 文章最后提到的“绿色经济”概念，主要强调的是什么？A. 经济增长与环境保护的平衡B. 资源的高效利用C. 农业的可持续发展D. 农村地区的经济发展...（此处省略其他题目）三、写作（共60分）21. 阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。
2014年山东省高考数学试卷真题及答案(理科)
2014年山东省高考数学试卷（理科）一、选择题（共10小题，每小题5分，满分50分）1．（5分）已知a，b∈R，i是虚数单位，若a﹣i与2+bi互为共轭复数，则（a+bi）2=（）A．5﹣4i B．5+4i C．3﹣4i D．3+4i2．（5分）设集合A={x||x﹣1|＜2}，B={y|y=2x，x∈[0，2]}，则A∩B=（）A．[0，2]B．（1，3） C．[1，3） D．（1，4）3．（5分）函数f（x）=的定义域为（）A．（0，）B．（2，+∞）C．（0，）∪（2，+∞）D．（0，]∪[2，+∞）4．（5分）用反证法证明命题“设a，b为实数，则方程x3+ax+b=0至少有一个实根”时，要做的假设是（）A．方程x3+ax+b=0没有实根B．方程x3+ax+b=0至多有一个实根C．方程x3+ax+b=0至多有两个实根D．方程x3+ax+b=0恰好有两个实根5．（5分）已知实数x，y满足a x＜a y（0＜a＜1），则下列关系式恒成立的是（）A．＞B．ln（x2+1）＞ln（y2+1）C．sinx＞siny D．x3＞y36．（5分）直线y=4x与曲线y=x3在第一象限内围成的封闭图形的面积为（）A．2 B．4 C．2 D．47．（5分）为了研究某药品的疗效，选取若干名志愿者进行临床试验．所有志愿者的舒张压数据（单位：kPa）的分组区间为[12，13），[13，14），[14，15），[15，16），[16，17]，将其按从左到右的顺序分别编号为第一组，第二组，…，第五组．如图是根据试验数据制成的频率分布直方图．已知第一组与第二组共有20人，第三组中没有疗效的有6人，则第三组中有疗效的人数为（）A．6 B．8 C．12 D．188．（5分）已知函数f（x）=丨x﹣2丨+1，g（x）=kx．若方程f（x）=g（x）有两个不相等的实根，则实数k的取值范围是（）A．（0，）B．（，1）C．（1，2） D．（2，+∞）9．（5分）已知x，y满足约束条件，当目标函数z=ax+by（a＞0，b ＞0）在该约束条件下取到最小值2时，a2+b2的最小值为（）A．5 B．4 C．D．210．（5分）已知a＞b＞0，椭圆C1的方程为+=1，双曲线C2的方程为﹣=1，C1与C2的离心率之积为，则C2的渐近线方程为（）A．x±y=0 B．x±y=0 C．x±2y=0 D．2x±y=0二、填空题（共5小题，每小题5分，满分25分）11．（5分）执行如图程序框图，若输入的x的值为1，则输出的n的值为．12．（5分）若△ABC中，已知•=tanA，当A=时，△ABC的面积为．13．（5分）三棱锥P﹣ABC中，D，E分别为PB，PC的中点，记三棱锥D﹣ABE 的体积为V1，P﹣ABC的体积为V2，则=．14．（5分）若（ax2+）6的展开式中x3项的系数为20，则a2+b2的最小值为．15．（5分）已知函数y=f（x）（x∈R），对函数y=g（x）（x∈R），定义g（x）关于f（x）的“对称函数”为函数y=h（x）（x∈R），y=h（x）满足：对任意x∈R，两个点（x，h（x）），（x，g（x））关于点（x，f（x））对称．若h（x）是g（x）=关于f（x）=3x+b的“对称函数”，且h（x）＞g（x）恒成立，则实数b的取值范围是．三、解答题（共6小题，满分75分）16．（12分）已知向量=（m，cos2x），=（sin2x，n），函数f（x）=•，且y=f（x）的图象过点（，）和点（，﹣2）．（Ⅰ）求m，n的值；（Ⅱ）将y=f（x）的图象向左平移φ（0＜φ＜π）个单位后得到函数y=g（x）的图象，若y=g（x）图象上的最高点到点（0，3）的距离的最小值为1，求y=g（x）的单调递增区间．17．（12分）如图，在四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，底面ABCD是等腰梯形，∠DAB=60°，AB=2CD=2，M是线段AB的中点．（Ⅰ）求证：C1M∥平面A1ADD1；（Ⅱ）若CD1垂直于平面ABCD且CD1=，求平面C1D1M和平面ABCD所成的角（锐角）的余弦值．18．（12分）乒乓球台面被网分成甲、乙两部分，如图，甲上有两个不相交的区域A，B，乙被划分为两个不相交的区域C，D，某次测试要求队员接到落点在甲上的来球后向乙回球，规定：回球一次，落点在C上记3分，在D上记1分，其它情况记0分．对落点在A上的来球，小明回球的落点在C上的概率为，在D上的概率为；对落点在B上的来球，小明回球的落点在C上的概率为，在D上的概率为．假设共有两次来球且落在A，B上各一次，小明的两次回球互不影响，求：（Ⅰ）小明两次回球的落点中恰有一次的落点在乙上的概率；（Ⅱ）两次回球结束后，小明得分之和ξ的分布列与数学期望．19．（12分）已知等差数列{a n}的公差为2，前n项和为S n，且S1，S2，S4成等比数列．（Ⅰ）求数列{a n}的通项公式；（Ⅱ）令b n=（﹣1）n﹣1，求数列{b n}的前n项和T n．20．（13分）设函数f（x）=﹣k（+lnx）（k为常数，e=2.71828…是自然对数的底数）．（Ⅰ）当k≤0时，求函数f（x）的单调区间；（Ⅱ）若函数f（x）在（0，2）内存在两个极值点，求k的取值范围．21．（14分）已知抛物线C：y2=2px（p＞0）的焦点为F，A为C上异于原点的任意一点，过点A的直线l交C于另一点B，交x轴的正半轴于点D，且有丨FA丨=丨FD丨．当点A的横坐标为3时，△ADF为正三角形．（Ⅰ）求C的方程；（Ⅱ）若直线l1∥l，且l1和C有且只有一个公共点E，（ⅰ）证明直线AE过定点，并求出定点坐标；（ⅱ）△ABE的面积是否存在最小值？若存在，请求出最小值；若不存在，请说明理由．2014年山东省高考数学试卷（理科）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（共10小题，每小题5分，满分50分）1．（5分）（2014•山东）已知a，b∈R，i是虚数单位，若a﹣i与2+bi互为共轭复数，则（a+bi）2=（）A．5﹣4i B．5+4i C．3﹣4i D．3+4i【分析】由条件利用共轭复数的定义求得a、b的值，即可得到（a+bi）2的值．【解答】解：∵a﹣i与2+bi互为共轭复数，则a=2、b=1，∴（a+bi）2=（2+i）2=3+4i，故选：D．【点评】本题主要考查复数的基本概念，两个复数代数形式的乘除法法则的应用，虚数单位i的幂运算性质，属于基础题．2．（5分）（2014•山东）设集合A={x||x﹣1|＜2}，B={y|y=2x，x∈[0，2]}，则A∩B=（）A．[0，2]B．（1，3） C．[1，3） D．（1，4）【分析】求出集合A，B的元素，利用集合的基本运算即可得到结论．【解答】解：A={x丨丨x﹣1丨＜2}={x丨﹣1＜x＜3}，B={y丨y=2x，x∈[0，2]}={y丨1≤y≤4}，则A∩B={x丨1≤y＜3}，故选：C【点评】本题主要考查集合的基本运算，利用条件求出集合A，B是解决本题的关键．3．（5分）（2014•山东）函数f（x）=的定义域为（）A．（0，）B．（2，+∞）C．（0，）∪（2，+∞）D．（0，]∪[2，+∞）【分析】根据函数出来的条件，建立不等式即可求出函数的定义域．【解答】解：要使函数有意义，则，即log2x＞1或log2x＜﹣1，解得x＞2或0＜x＜，即函数的定义域为（0，）∪（2，+∞），故选：C【点评】本题主要考查函数定义域的求法，根据对数函数的性质是解决本题的关键，比较基础．4．（5分）（2014•山东）用反证法证明命题“设a，b为实数，则方程x3+ax+b=0至少有一个实根”时，要做的假设是（）A．方程x3+ax+b=0没有实根B．方程x3+ax+b=0至多有一个实根C．方程x3+ax+b=0至多有两个实根D．方程x3+ax+b=0恰好有两个实根【分析】直接利用命题的否定写出假设即可．【解答】解：反证法证明问题时，反设实际是命题的否定，∴用反证法证明命题“设a，b为实数，则方程x3+ax+b=0至少有一个实根”时，要做的假设是：方程x3+ax+b=0没有实根．故选：A．【点评】本题考查反证法证明问题的步骤，基本知识的考查．5．（5分）（2014•山东）已知实数x，y满足a x＜a y（0＜a＜1），则下列关系式恒成立的是（）A．＞B．ln（x2+1）＞ln（y2+1）C．sinx＞siny D．x3＞y3【分析】本题主要考查不等式的大小比较，利用函数的单调性的性质是解决本题的关键．【解答】解：∵实数x，y满足a x＜a y（0＜a＜1），∴x＞y，A．若x=1，y=﹣1时，满足x＞y，但==，故＞不成立．B．若x=1，y=﹣1时，满足x＞y，但ln（x2+1）=ln（y2+1）=ln2，故ln（x2+1）＞ln（y2+1）不成立．C．当x=π，y=0时，满足x＞y，此时sinx=sinπ=0，siny=sin0=0，有sinx＞siny，但sinx＞siny不成立．D．∵函数y=x3为增函数，故当x＞y时，x3＞y3，恒成立，故选：D．【点评】本题主要考查函数值的大小比较，利用不等式的性质以及函数的单调性是解决本题的关键．6．（5分）（2014•山东）直线y=4x与曲线y=x3在第一象限内围成的封闭图形的面积为（）A．2 B．4 C．2 D．4【分析】先根据题意画出区域，然后依据图形得到积分上限为2，积分下限为0的积分，从而利用定积分表示出曲边梯形的面积，最后用定积分的定义求出所求即可．【解答】解：先根据题意画出图形，得到积分上限为2，积分下限为0，曲线y=x3与直线y=4x在第一象限所围成的图形的面积是∫（4x﹣x3）dx，而∫（4x﹣x3）dx=（2x2﹣x4）|=8﹣4=4，∴曲边梯形的面积是4，故选：D．【点评】考查学生会求出原函数的能力，以及会利用定积分求图形面积的能力，同时考查了数形结合的思想，属于基础题．7．（5分）（2014•山东）为了研究某药品的疗效，选取若干名志愿者进行临床试验．所有志愿者的舒张压数据（单位：kPa）的分组区间为[12，13），[13，14），[14，15），[15，16），[16，17]，将其按从左到右的顺序分别编号为第一组，第二组，…，第五组．如图是根据试验数据制成的频率分布直方图．已知第一组与第二组共有20人，第三组中没有疗效的有6人，则第三组中有疗效的人数为（）A．6 B．8 C．12 D．18【分析】由频率=以及直方图可得分布在区间第一组与第二组共有20人的频率，即可求出第三组中有疗效的人数得到答案；【解答】解：由直方图可得分布在区间第一组与第二组共有20人，分布在区间第一组与第二组的频率分别为0.24，0.16，所以第一组有12人，第二组8人，第三组的频率为0.36，所以第三组的人数：18人，第三组中没有疗效的有6人，第三组中有疗效的有12人．故选：C．【点评】本题考查古典概型的求解和频率分布的结合，列举对事件是解决问题的关键，属中档题．8．（5分）（2014•山东）已知函数f（x）=丨x﹣2丨+1，g（x）=kx．若方程f（x）=g（x）有两个不相等的实根，则实数k的取值范围是（）A．（0，）B．（，1）C．（1，2） D．（2，+∞）【分析】画出函数f（x）、g（x）的图象，由题意可得函数f（x）的图象（蓝线）和函数g（x）的图象（红线）有两个交点，数形结合求得k的范围．【解答】解：由题意可得函数f（x）的图象（蓝线）和函数g（x）的图象（红线）有两个交点，如图所示：K OA=，数形结合可得＜k＜1，故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查函数的零点与方程的根的关系，体现了转化、数形结合的数学思想，属于基础题．9．（5分）（2014•山东）已知x，y满足约束条件，当目标函数z=ax+by （a＞0，b＞0）在该约束条件下取到最小值2时，a2+b2的最小值为（）A．5 B．4 C．D．2【分析】由约束条件正常可行域，然后求出使目标函数取得最小值的点的坐标，代入目标函数得到2a+b﹣2=0．a2+b2的几何意义为坐标原点到直线2a+b﹣2=0的距离的平方，然后由点到直线的距离公式得答案．【解答】解：由约束条件作可行域如图，联立，解得：A（2，1）．化目标函数为直线方程得：（b＞0）．由图可知，当直线过A点时，直线在y轴上的截距最小，z最小．∴2a+b=2．即2a+b﹣2=0．则a2+b2的最小值为．故选：B．【点评】本题考查简单的线性规划，考查数形结合的解题思想方法，考查了数学转化思想方法，训练了点到直线距离公式的应用，是中档题．10．（5分）（2014•山东）已知a＞b＞0，椭圆C1的方程为+=1，双曲线C2的方程为﹣=1，C1与C2的离心率之积为，则C2的渐近线方程为（）A．x±y=0 B．x±y=0 C．x±2y=0 D．2x±y=0【分析】求出椭圆与双曲线的离心率，然后推出ab关系，即可求解双曲线的渐近线方程．【解答】解：a＞b＞0，椭圆C1的方程为+=1，C1的离心率为：，双曲线C2的方程为﹣=1，C2的离心率为：，∵C1与C2的离心率之积为，∴，∴=，=，C2的渐近线方程为：y=，即x±y=0．故选：A．【点评】本题考查椭圆与双曲线的基本性质，离心率以及渐近线方程的求法，基本知识的考查．二、填空题（共5小题，每小题5分，满分25分）11．（5分）（2014•山东）执行如图程序框图，若输入的x的值为1，则输出的n 的值为3．【分析】计算循环中不等式的值，当不等式的值大于0时，不满足判断框的条件，退出循环，输出结果即可．【解答】解：循环前输入的x的值为1，第1次循环，x2﹣4x+3=0≤0，满足判断框条件，x=2，n=1，x2﹣4x+3=﹣1≤0，满足判断框条件，x=3，n=2，x2﹣4x+3=0≤0满足判断框条件，x=4，n=3，x2﹣4x+3=3＞0，不满足判断框条件，输出n：3．故答案为：3．【点评】本题考查循环结构的应用，注意循环的结果的计算，考查计算能力．12．（5分）（2014•山东）若△ABC中，已知•=tanA，当A=时，△ABC的面积为．【分析】由条件利用两个向量的数量积的定义，求得AB•AC=，再根据△ABC 的面积为AB•AC•sinA，计算求得结果．【解答】解：△ABC中，∵•=AB•AC•cosA=tanA，∴当A=时，有AB•AC•=，解得AB•AC=，△ABC的面积为AB•AC•sinA=××=，故答案为：．【点评】本题主要考查两个向量的数量积的定义，三角形的面积公式，属于基础题．13．（5分）（2014•山东）三棱锥P﹣ABC中，D，E分别为PB，PC的中点，记三棱锥D﹣ABE的体积为V1，P﹣ABC的体积为V2，则=．【分析】画出图形，通过底面面积的比求解棱锥的体积的比．【解答】解：如图，三棱锥P﹣ABC中，D，E分别为PB，PC的中点，三棱锥D﹣ABE的体积为V1，P﹣ABC的体积为V2，∴A到底面PBC的距离不变，底面BDE底面积是PBC面积的=，∴==．故答案为：．【点评】本题考查三棱锥的体积，着重考查了棱锥的底面面积与体积的关系，属于基础题．14．（5分）（2014•山东）若（ax2+）6的展开式中x3项的系数为20，则a2+b2的最小值为2．【分析】利用二项式定理的展开式的通项公式，通过x幂指数为3，求出ab关系式，然后利用基本不等式求解表达式的最小值．【解答】解：（ax2+）6的展开式中x3项的系数为20，==，所以T r+1令12﹣3r=3，∴r=3，，∴ab=1，a2+b2≥2ab=2，当且仅当a=b=1时取等号．a2+b2的最小值为：2．故答案为：2．【点评】本题考查二项式定理的应用，基本不等式的应用，基本知识的考查．15．（5分）（2014•山东）已知函数y=f（x）（x∈R），对函数y=g（x）（x∈R），定义g（x）关于f（x）的“对称函数”为函数y=h（x）（x∈R），y=h（x）满足：对任意x∈R，两个点（x，h（x）），（x，g（x））关于点（x，f（x））对称．若h（x）是g（x）=关于f（x）=3x+b的“对称函数”，且h（x）＞g（x）恒成立，则实数b的取值范围是（2，+∞）．【分析】根据对称函数的定义，将不等式恒成立转化为直线和圆的位置关系，即可得到结论．【解答】解：根据“对称函数”的定义可知，，即h（x）=6x+2b﹣，若h（x）＞g（x）恒成立，则等价为6x+2b﹣＞，即3x+b＞恒成立，设y1=3x+b，y2=，作出两个函数对应的图象如图，当直线和上半圆相切时，圆心到直线的距离d=，即|b|=2，∴b=2或﹣2，（舍去），即要使h（x）＞g（x）恒成立，则b＞2，即实数b的取值范围是（2，+∞），故答案为：（2，+∞）【点评】本题主要考查对称函数的定义的理解，以及不等式恒成立的证明，利用直线和圆的位置关系是解决本题的关键．三、解答题（共6小题，满分75分）16．（12分）（2014•山东）已知向量=（m，cos2x），=（sin2x，n），函数f（x）=•，且y=f（x）的图象过点（，）和点（，﹣2）．（Ⅰ）求m，n的值；（Ⅱ）将y=f（x）的图象向左平移φ（0＜φ＜π）个单位后得到函数y=g（x）的图象，若y=g（x）图象上的最高点到点（0，3）的距离的最小值为1，求y=g（x）的单调递增区间．【分析】（Ⅰ）由题意可得函数f（x）=msin2x+ncos2x，再由y=f（x）的图象过点（，）和点（，﹣2），解方程组求得m、n的值．（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）可得f（x）=2sin（2x+），根据函数y=Asin（ωx+φ）的图象变换规律求得g（x）=2sin（2x+2φ+）的图象，再由函数g（x）的一个最高点在y轴上，求得φ=，可得g（x）=2cos2x．令2kπ﹣π≤2x≤2kπ，k∈Z，求得x 的范围，可得g（x）的增区间．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）由题意可得函数f（x）=•=msin2x+ncos2x，再由y=f（x）的图象过点（，）和点（，﹣2），可得．解得m=，n=1．（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）可得f（x）=sin2x+cos2x=2（sin2x+cos2x）=2sin（2x+）．将y=f（x）的图象向左平移φ（0＜φ＜π）个单位后，得到函数g（x）=2sin[2（x+φ）+]=2sin（2x+2φ+）的图象，显然函数g（x）最高点的纵坐标为2．y=g（x）图象上各最高点到点（0，3）的距离的最小值为1，故函数g（x）的一个最高点在y轴上，∴2φ+=2kπ+，k∈Z，结合0＜φ＜π，可得φ=，故g（x）=2sin（2x+）=2cos2x．令2kπ﹣π≤2x≤2kπ，k∈Z，求得kπ﹣≤x≤kπ，故y=g（x）的单调递增区间是[kπ﹣，kπ]，k∈Z．【点评】本题主要考查两个向量的数量积公式，三角恒等变换，函数y=Asin（ωx+φ）的图象变换规律，余弦函数的单调性，体现了转化的数学思想，属于中档题．17．（12分）（2014•山东）如图，在四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，底面ABCD是等腰梯形，∠DAB=60°，AB=2CD=2，M是线段AB的中点．（Ⅰ）求证：C1M∥平面A1ADD1；（Ⅱ）若CD1垂直于平面ABCD且CD1=，求平面C1D1M和平面ABCD所成的角（锐角）的余弦值．【分析】（Ⅰ）连接AD1，易证AMC1D1为平行四边形，利用线面平行的判定定理即可证得C1M∥平面A1ADD1；（Ⅱ）作CP⊥AB于P，以C为原点，CD为x轴，CP为y轴，CD1为z轴建立空间坐标系，易求C1（﹣1，0，），D1，（0，0，），M（，，0），=（1，1，0），=（，，﹣），设平面C1D1M的法向量=（x1，y1，z1），可求得=（0，2，1），而平面ABCD的法向量=（1，0，0），从而可求得平面C1D1M和平面ABCD所成的角（锐角）的余弦值．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）连接AD1，∵ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1为四棱柱，∴CD C1D1，又M为AB的中点，∴AM=1．∴CD∥AM，CD=AM，∴AM C1D1，∴AMC1D1为平行四边形，∴AD1∥MC1，又MC1⊄平面A1ADD1，AD1⊂平面A1ADD1，∴C1M∥平面A1ADD1；（Ⅱ）解法一：∵AB∥A1B1，A1B1∥C1D1，∴面D1C1M与ABC1D1共面，作CN⊥AB，连接D1N，则∠D1NC即为所求二面角，在ABCD中，DC=1，AB=2，∠DAB=60°，∴CN=，在Rt△D1CN中，CD1=，CN=，∴D1N=∴cos∠D1CN===解法二：作CP⊥AB于P，以C为原点，CD为x轴，CP为y轴，CD1为z轴建立空间坐标系则C1（﹣1，0，），D1，（0，0，），M（，，0），∴=（1，0，0），=（，，﹣），设平面C1D1M的法向量=（x1，y1，z1），则，∴=（0，2，1）．显然平面ABCD的法向量=（0，0，1），cos＜，＞|===，显然二面角为锐角，∴平面C1D1M和平面ABCD所成的角（锐角）的余弦值为．【点评】本题考查用空间向量求平面间的夹角，主要考查空间点、线、面位置关系，二面角等基础知识，同时考查空间想象能力，空间向量的坐标运算，推理论证能力和运算求解能力．18．（12分）（2014•山东）乒乓球台面被网分成甲、乙两部分，如图，甲上有两个不相交的区域A，B，乙被划分为两个不相交的区域C，D，某次测试要求队员接到落点在甲上的来球后向乙回球，规定：回球一次，落点在C上记3分，在D 上记1分，其它情况记0分．对落点在A上的来球，小明回球的落点在C上的概率为，在D上的概率为；对落点在B上的来球，小明回球的落点在C上的概率为，在D上的概率为．假设共有两次来球且落在A，B上各一次，小明的两次回球互不影响，求：（Ⅰ）小明两次回球的落点中恰有一次的落点在乙上的概率；（Ⅱ）两次回球结束后，小明得分之和ξ的分布列与数学期望．【分析】（Ⅰ）分别求出回球前落点在A上和B上时，回球落点在乙上的概率，进而根据分类分布原理，可得小明两次回球的落点中恰有一次的落点在乙上的概率；（Ⅱ）两次回球结束后，小明得分之和ξ的取值有0，1，2，3，4，6六种情况，求出随机变量ξ的分布列，代入数学期望公式可得其数学期望Eξ．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）小明回球前落点在A上，回球落点在乙上的概率为+=，回球前落点在B上，回球落点在乙上的概率为+=，故小明两次回球的落点中恰有一次的落点在乙上的概率P=×（1﹣）+（1﹣）×=+=．（Ⅱ）ξ的可能取值为0，1，2，3，4，6其中P（ξ=0）=（1﹣）×（1﹣）=；P（ξ=1）=×（1﹣）+（1﹣）×=；P（ξ=2）=×=；P（ξ=3）=×（1﹣）+（1﹣）×=；P（ξ=4）=×+×=；P（ξ=6）=×=；故ξ的分布列为：ξ012346P故ξ的数学期望为E（ξ）=0×+1×+2×+3×+4×+6×=．【点评】本题考查离散型随机变量的分布列，求离散型随机变量的分布列和期望是近年来理科高考必出的一个问题，题目做起来不难，运算量也不大，只要注意解题格式就问题不大．19．（12分）（2014•山东）已知等差数列{a n}的公差为2，前n项和为S n，且S1，S2，S4成等比数列．（Ⅰ）求数列{a n}的通项公式；（Ⅱ）令b n=（﹣1）n﹣1，求数列{b n}的前n项和T n．【分析】（Ⅰ）利用等差数列与等比数列的通项公式及其前n项和公式即可得出；（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）可得b n=．对n分类讨论“裂项求和”即可得出．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）∵等差数列{a n}的公差为2，前n项和为S n，∴S n==n2﹣n+na1，∵S1，S2，S4成等比数列，∴，∴，化为，解得a1=1．∴a n=a1+（n﹣1）d=1+2（n﹣1）=2n﹣1．（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）可得b n=（﹣1）n﹣1==．∴T n=﹣++…+．当n为偶数时，T n=﹣++…+﹣=1﹣=．当n为奇数时，T n=﹣++…﹣+=1+=．∴Tn=．【点评】本题考查了等差数列与等比数列的通项公式及其前n项和公式等基础知识与基本技能方法，考查了推理能力、计算能力、“裂项求和”、分类讨论思想方法，属于难题．20．（13分）（2014•山东）设函数f（x）=﹣k（+lnx）（k为常数，e=2.71828…是自然对数的底数）．（Ⅰ）当k≤0时，求函数f（x）的单调区间；（Ⅱ）若函数f（x）在（0，2）内存在两个极值点，求k的取值范围．【分析】（Ⅰ）求出导函数，根据导函数的正负性，求出函数的单调区间；（Ⅱ）函数f（x）在（0，2）内存在两个极值点，等价于它的导函数f′（x）在（0，2）内有两个不同的零点．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）f（x）的定义域为（0，+∞），∴f′（x）=﹣k（﹣）=（x＞0），当k≤0时，kx≤0，∴e x﹣kx＞0，令f′（x）=0，则x=2，∴当0＜x＜2时，f′（x）＜0，f（x）单调递减；当x＞2时，f′（x）＞0，f（x）单调递增，∴f（x）的单调递减区间为（0，2），单调递增区间为（2，+∞）．（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）知，k≤0时，函数f（x）在（0，2）内单调递减，故f（x）在（0，2）内不存在极值点；当k＞0时，设函数g（x）=e x﹣kx，x∈（0，+∞）．∵g′（x）=e x﹣k=e x﹣e lnk，当0＜k≤1时，当x∈（0，2）时，g′（x）=e x﹣k＞0，y=g（x）单调递增，故f（x）在（0，2）内不存在两个极值点；当k＞1时，得x∈（0，lnk）时，g′（x）＜0，函数y=g（x）单调递减，x∈（lnk，+∞）时，g′（x）＞0，函数y=g（x）单调递增，∴函数y=g（x）的最小值为g（lnk）=k（1﹣lnk）函数f（x）在（0，2）内存在两个极值点当且仅当解得：e综上所述，函数f（x）在（0，2）内存在两个极值点时，k的取值范围为（e，）【点评】本题考查了导数在求函数的单调区间，和极值，运用了等价转化思想．是一道导数的综合应用题．属于中档题．21．（14分）（2014•山东）已知抛物线C：y2=2px（p＞0）的焦点为F，A为C上异于原点的任意一点，过点A的直线l交C于另一点B，交x轴的正半轴于点D，且有丨FA丨=丨FD丨．当点A的横坐标为3时，△ADF为正三角形．（Ⅰ）求C的方程；（Ⅱ）若直线l1∥l，且l1和C有且只有一个公共点E，（ⅰ）证明直线AE过定点，并求出定点坐标；（ⅱ）△ABE的面积是否存在最小值？若存在，请求出最小值；若不存在，请说明理由．【分析】（1）根据抛物线的焦半径公式，结合等边三角形的性质，求出的p值；（2）（ⅰ）设出点A的坐标，求出直线AB的方程，利用直线l1∥l，且l1和C有且只有一个公共点E，求出点E的坐标，写出直线AE的方程，将方程化为点斜式，可求出定点；（ⅱ）利用弦长公式求出弦AB的长度，再求点E到直线AB的距离，得到关于面积的函数关系式，再利用基本不等式求最小值．【解答】解：（1）当点A的横坐标为3时，过点A作AG⊥x轴于G，A（3，），F（，0），，∴．∵△ADF为正三角形，∴．又∵，∴，∴p=2．∴C的方程为y2=4x．当D在焦点F的左侧时，．又|FD|=2|FG|=2（﹣3）=p﹣6，∵△ADF为正三角形，∴3+=p﹣6，解得p=18，∴C的方程为y2=36x．此时点D在x轴负半轴，不成立，舍．∴C的方程为y2=4x．（2）（ⅰ）设A（x1，y1），|FD|=|AF|=x1+1，∴D（x1+2，0），∴k AD=﹣．由直线l1∥l可设直线l1方程为，联立方程，消去x得①由l1和C有且只有一个公共点得△=64+32y1m=0，∴y1m=﹣2，这时方程①的解为，代入得x=m2，∴E（m2，2m）．点A的坐标可化为，直线AE方程为y﹣2m=（x﹣m2），即，∴，∴，∴，∴直线AE过定点（1，0）；（ⅱ）直线AB的方程为，即．联立方程，消去x得，∴，∴=，由（ⅰ）点E的坐标为，点E到直线AB的距离为：=，∴△ABE的面积=，当且仅当y1=±2时等号成立，∴△ABE的面积最小值为16．【点评】本题考查了抛物线的定义的应用、标准方程求法，切线方程的求法，定点问题与最值问题．。
2014高考英语真题试卷全国一卷(含答案和解析)
2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of5and14to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265Mass Avenue.Cambridge02139by Friday,February8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April21st.Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March10th and March15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at:.21.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A.School studentsB.Cambridge localsC.CSF winnersD.MIT artists22.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A.On February8thB.On March10thC.On April21stD.On March15th23.What type of writing is this text?A.An exhibition guide.B.An art show review.C.An announcement.D.An official report.BPassenger pigeons（旅鸽）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the18th and19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point,there were more than3billion passenger pigeons–a number equal to24to40percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.Even as late as1870when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock believed to be1mile wide and320miles(about515kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the mercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’need for wood,which scattered（驱散）the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.In1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for10years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September1,1914.24.In the18th and early19th centuries,passenger pigeons.A.were the biggest bird in the worldB.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US25.The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons’.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution26.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A.To seek pleasureB.To save other birdsC.To make moneyD.To protect crops27.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A.It was ignored by the publicB.It was declared too lateC.It was unfairD.It was strictCA typical lion tamer（驯兽师）in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip（鞭）and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve（e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more）---only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A.To show off his skills.B.To trick the lion.C.To get ready for a fight.D.To entertain the audience.29.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wrong things.C.They find it hard to make changed.D.They have to do something for show.30.What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph3?A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive31.When the world is“waving a chair in your face”,you’re advised to.A.wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC.make a quick decisionD.ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English,Chinese,Spanish,and Arabic,other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact,half of the6,000-7,000languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizations---UNESCO and National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin,a scientist at the Macmillan Center,Yale University,who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas,is following in that tradition.His recently published book,A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture,grows out of his experience living,looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin,who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India,Nepal,Bhutan,and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials---including photographs,films,tap recordings,and field notes---which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now,through the two organizations that he has founded---the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project---Turin has started a campaign to make such documents,found in libraries and stores around the world,available not just to scholars but to the youngers.Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet.Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32.Many scholars are making efforts to.A.promote global languageB.rescue disappearing languagesC.search for language communitiesD.set up language research organizations33.What does“that tradition”in Paragraph3refer to?A.Having full records of the languages.B.Writing books on language teaching.C.Telling stories about language users.D.Living with the native speakers.34.What is Turin’s book based on?A.The cultural studies in India.B.The documents available at Yale.C.His language research in Bhutan.D.His personal experience in Nepal.35.Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?A.Write,sell and donate.B.Record,repair and reward.C.Design,experiment and report.D.Collect,protect and reconnect.第二节（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
2014年山东省高考英语真题及答案
2014年山东省高考英语试卷第一部分英语知识运用（共两节, 满分55分）第一节单项选择（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）1. （1.5分）Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time﹣consuming than we______. （）A. will expectB. are expectingC. expectD. had expected2．（1.5分）I don't really like the author, _______ I have to admit his books are very exciting．（）A. althoughB. unlessC. untilD. once3. （1.5分）﹣This apple pie is too sweet, don't you think so？﹣_____．I think it's just right, actually．（）A. Not reallyB. I hope soC. Sounds goodD. No wonder4. （1.5分）Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. （）A. thatB. thisC. itD. her5. （1.5分）They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs. （）A. boughtB. would buyC. have boughtD. had bought6. （1.5分）There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again. （）A. sayingB. saysC. saidD. having said7. （1.5分）It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. （）A. whereB. whatC. whichD. why8. （1.5分）﹣Is Anne coming tomorrow？﹣_____．If she were to come, she would have called me．（）A. Go aheadB. CertainlyC. That's rightD. I don't think so9. （1.5分）It's standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer. （）A. employedB. being employedC. to employD. employs10. （1.5分）A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. （）A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. why第二节完型填空（共两篇；第一篇短文10小题, 每小题10分；第二篇短文20小题, 每小题1.5分；满分40分）11. （10分）There was a pet store and the owner had a parrot. One day a （11）walked in and the parrot said to the man, "Hey you!"The man said, "What!？"The parrot said, "Your （12）is really ugly. "The man got very （13）and went to the store owner and said, "Your bird just （14）my wife. It said she was ugly. "The owner stormed over, （15）the bird, took it into the"black room, "shook it a bit, （16）out a few feathers, and said, "Don't ever, ever say anything to （17）my customers again. You got that！！！"With that（18）he took the bird and put it back into its cage．The old bird shook out its （19）and relaxed in its cage．A couple of weeks （20）and in walked this guy and his wife again．The parrot said, "Hey you!"The guy said, "What!？"The parrot answered, "You know that．"11. A. group B. team C. couple D. crowd12. A. wife B. sister C. mother D. daughter13. A. curious B. nervous C. guilty D. angry14. A. greeted B. puzzled C. offended D. scared15. A. hugged B. seized C. trained D. rescued16. A. sent B. handed C. pulled D. dug17. A. touch B. amuse C. cheat D. embarrass18. A. warning B. comment C. suggestion D. request19. A. eyes B. feathers C. fur D. skin20. A. lasted B. arrived C. appeared D. passed.12. （30分）Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family. While （21）her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a（an）（22）in medicine. At 18she married and （23） a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a （24）. Her husband supported her decision.（25）, Canadian medical schools did not（26）women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study （27）at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to （28）her medical degree. Upon graduation, Charlotte （29）to Montreal and set up a private （30）. Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a （31）doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timberand railway camps. Charlotte（32）herself operating on damaged limbs and setting（33）bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had （34） a doctor's license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was （35）. The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all﹣male board, wanted her to （36）her studies at a Canadian medical college!Charlotte refused to （37）her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appeared to the Manitoba Legislature to（38） a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte （39）to practice without a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.In 1993, 77years after her（40）, a medical license was issued to Charlotte．This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor"this courageous and pioneering woman．"21. A. raising B. teaching C. nursing D. missing22. A. habit B. interest C. opinion D. voice23. A. invented B. selected C. offered D. started24. A. doctor B. musician C. lawyer D. physicist25. A. Besides B. Unfortunately C. Otherwise D. Eventually26. A. hire B. entertain C. trust D. accept27. A. history B. physics C. medicine D. law28. A. improve B. save C. design D. earn29. A. returned B. escaped C. spread D. wandered30. A. school B. museum C. clinic D. lab31. A. busy B. wealthy C. greedy D. lucky32. A. helped B. found C. troubled D. imagined33. A. harmful B. tired C. broken D. weak34. A. put away B. taken over C. turned in D. applied for35. A. punished B. refused C. blamed D. fired36. A. display B. change C. preview D. complete37. A. leave B. charge C. test D. cure38. A. sell B. donate C. issue D. show39. A. continued B. promised C. pretended D. dreamed40. A. birth B. death C. wedding D. graduation.第二部分: 阅读理解（共25题, 每小题10分, 满分50分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.13. （10分）One morning, Ann's neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400FOUND fliers（传单）, and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann's son Thomas was 10years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21years old.Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys'room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent."If it hadn't come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died, "Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying, and told him, "That dog saved my friend's son. "Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window．After a few moments Peter said, "Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it．"41. What did Tracy do after finding the dog？A. She looked for its ownerB. She gave it to Ann as a gift.C. She sold it to the dollar store.D. She bought some food for it.42. How did the dog help save Jack？A. By breaking the door for Ann.B. By leading Ann to Jack's room.C. By dragging Jack out of the room.D. By attending Jack when Ann was out.43. What was Ann's attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4？A. SympatheticB. DoubtfulC. TolerantD. Grateful44. For what purpose did Peter call Tracy？A. To help her friend's son.B. To interview TracyC. To take back his dog.D. To return the flier to her.45. What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph？A. It would be given to Odie.B. It would be kept by Ann'family.C. It would be returned to Peter.D. It would be taken away by Tracy.14. （10分）It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan.Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and﹣most important ﹣sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater. Mr. Bellow did not mind if you did.That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke.Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance!Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962．They're really memories of the screen, not memories of my life．46. In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner？A.1952B.1962C.1972D.198247. What does the underlined word"It"in Paragraph 3refer to？A. The heatB. The theater.C. The Music ManD. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance48. What do we know about Mr. Bellow？A. He loved children very much.B. He was a fan of John Wayne.C. He sold air conditioners.D. He was a movie star.49. Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times？A. The two movies were really wonderful.B. They wanted to avoid the heat outside.C. The manager of the theater was friendly.D. They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.50. What can we learn from the last paragraph？A. The author turned out to be a great singer.B. The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.C. The author's life has been changed by the two movies.D. The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.15. （10分）Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholders. She became known as"Mumbet"or"Mum Bett. "For nearly 30years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued（起诉）for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom ﹣﹣﹣﹣the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution. Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and workfor them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants（后裔）. One of her great﹣grandchildren was W. E. B. Du Bois, one of the founder of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights. Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried．It reads, in part："She was born a slave and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years．She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal．"51. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1？A. She was born a slaveB. She was a slaveholderC. She had a famous sisterD. She was born into a rich family52. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys？A. She found an employerB. She wanted to be a lawyerC. She was hit and got angryD. She had to take care of her sister53. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution？A. She should always obey her owners'ordersB. She should be as free and equal as whitesC. How to be a good servantD. How to apply for a job54. What did Mumbet do after the trial？A. She chose to work for a lawyerB. She found the NAACPC. She continued to serve the AshleysD. She went to live with her grandchildren55. What is the test mainly about？A. A story of a famous writer and spokespersonB. The friendship between a lawyer and a slaveC. The life of a brave African American womanD. A trial that shocked the whole world.16．（12分）How fit are your teeth？Are you lazy about brushing them？Never fear: An inventor is on the case．An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone．The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right （don't forget the insides of the teeth!）and make sure you're brushing long enough. "It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day﹣to﹣day basis, "says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. "We try to make it smart but also fun, "Several says.Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said"yes, "but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for 99to199, developing on features. The U. S. is the first target market.Serval says that one day, it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera．The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush．56. Which is one of the feature of the Kolibree toothbrush？A. It can sense how users brush their teeth.B. It can track users'school performance.C. It can detect users'fear of seeing a dentist.D. It can help users find their phones.57. What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3？A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.B. You should see your dentist on a day﹣to﹣day basis.C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.D. You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.58. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun？A. It can be used to update mobile phones.B. It can be used to play mobile phone gamesC. It can send messages to other usersD. It can talk to its developers.59. What is Paragraph 5mainly about？A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him.B. Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush60. What can we infer about Serval's children？A. They were unwilling to brush their teethB. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.61. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree？A. The brush handle will be removed.B. A mobile phone will be built into it.C. It will be used to fill holes in teethD. It will be able to check users'teeth.17．（8分）The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes．They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud．They have no school．Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words．The key to their success: 20tablet computers（平板电脑）dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U. S. group called One Laptop Per Child.The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they're already amazed. "What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten, "said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program.The fastest learner﹣and the first to turn on one of the tablets﹣is 8﹣year﹣old Kelbesa Negusse. The device's camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. "Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable, "said Keller.The project aims to get kids to a stage called"deep reading, "where they can read to learn．It won't be in Amharic, Ethiopia's first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs．62. How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village？A. It trains teachers for them.B. It contributes to their self﹣study.C. It helps raise their living standards.D. It provides funds for building schools.63. What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3？A. They need more time to analyze data.B. More children are needed for the research.C. He is confident about the future of the project.D. The research should be carried out in kindergartens.64. It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could.A. learn English words quickly.B. draw pictures of animals.C. write letters to researchers.D. make phone calls to his friends.65. What is the aim of the project？A. To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.B. To make Amharic widely used in the world.C. To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.D. To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.第三部分书面表达（共两节, 满分45分）第一节: 阅读表达（共1小题；每小题15分, 满分15分）19. （15分）阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题, 然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）.[1]Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with. [2]When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town. Buses could be provided to take them into the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK. At Southerton, for example, a council﹣funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months.[3]What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre．Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade．As the number of people driving past dropped, so did their incomes．[4]Making car driving expensive is another way of . Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.[5]However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed．Ifwe expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on．Constant delays, unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport．People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time．66. What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1？（no more than 12words）67. What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects？（no more than 10words）68. Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project？（no more than 10words）69. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. （no more than 8words）70. Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5？（no more than 8words）.第二节: 写作（满分30分）20．（30分）某英文报社组织题为"我喜欢的英语谚语"征文活动, 你有意参加．请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文, 内容须包括: （1）该谚语的含义；（2）体现该谚语含义的个人经历．①A friend in need is a friend indeed.②Where there's a will, there's a way．注意:（1）词数: 120﹣150；（2）文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称.参考词汇：谚语proverb.2014年山东省高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分英语知识运用（共两节, 满分55分）第一节单项选择（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）1. （1.5分）（2014•山东）Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time﹣consuming than we______. （）A. will expectB. are expectingC. expectD. had expected【分析】用手写所有的请柬比我们预期的更耗费时间.【解答】答案: D根据句意可知, 用手写请柬是发生在过去的动作, 而expect（预期）这一动作是发生在写请柬之前, 所以此处表示发生在过去之前的动作, 因此要使用过去完成时；故选D2. （1.5分）（2014•山东）I don't really like the author, _______ I have to admit his books are very exciting. （）A. althoughB. unlessC. untilD. once【分析】（尽管）我不喜欢作者, 但我不得不承认他的书（写得）很精彩.【解答】答案：A although尽管；unless除非；until直到；once一旦．题干表示的是转折关系, 只有although表示尽管/虽然…但是…, 故选A．3. （1.5分）（2014•山东）﹣This apple pie is too sweet, don't you think so？﹣_____．I think it's just right, actually．（）A. Not reallyB. I hope soC. Sounds goodD. No wonder【分析】﹣﹣﹣这苹果饼太甜了, 你觉得呢？﹣﹣﹣不见得吧, 实际上, 我觉得它（口味）刚刚好．【解答】答案A.B项"我希望如此"；C项"听起来不错"；D项"难怪"；A项"不, 不见得, 不是这样"；根据句子"I think it's just right, actually"可知, 说话者认为这个苹果饼甜度刚刚好, 所以答语中表示不同意, 因此A项符合语境, 故选A．4. （1.5分）（2014•山东）Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. （）A. thatB. thisC. itD. her【分析】Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活.【解答】答案C.这是一个宾语从句, make的宾语是that引导的句子, 在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句．句意为：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活．故选C．5. （1.5分）（2014•山东）They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs. （）A. boughtB. would buyC. have boughtD. had bought【分析】他们决定只要Larry换了工作他们就买新房子.【解答】答案B.once引导的是条件状语从句, 根据主句将来时从句一般现在时的用法可知, 从句一般过去时, 主句应是一般将来时的过去时．句意为：他们打算只要Larry换了工作他们就买新房子．故选B．6. （1.5分）（2014•山东）There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again. （）A. sayingB. saysC. saidD. having said【分析】门上钉着张纸条, 写着这家商店什么时候再营业．【解答】答案；A.在这个句子中note和say是主动关系, 所以要用saying．此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语．故答案选A．pinned to the door为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 a note,7. （1.5分）（2014•山东）It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. （）A. whereB. whatC. whichD. why【分析】很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的.【解答】答案B.imagine后面接了一个宾语从句, 从句中"life was like…"介词like（像…）缺少宾语, 再由语境可推断句意：很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的．结合what 在宾语从句中可以作主语, 宾语, 或者表语．翻译为"什么"或者"所…的", 故选B．8. （1.5分）（2014•山东）﹣Is Anne coming tomorrow？﹣_____．If she were to come, she would have called me．（）A. Go aheadB. CertainlyC. That's rightD. I don't think so【分析】﹣Anne明天来吗？﹣我想她不会来. 如果她想来就会给我打电话了.【解答】答案D.A项"继续, 可以"；B项"当然"；C项"好吧"；D项"我不这样认为"；由答语中的"If she were to come, she would have called me．"可知, Anne没有给说话者打电话, 是对过去情况的虚拟, 由此可推知, 说话者认为Anne明天不会来．故选D．9. （1.5分）（2014•山东）It's standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer. （）A. employedB. being employedC. to employD. employs【分析】对于这样的一家公司, 雇佣保安（时）, 这是一种标准（考核）流程．【解答】答案: C本题考查动词不等式作真实主语, 用it来充当形式主语的用法．常用结构是：it+形容词/名词+for sb to do sth．故选C．10. （1.5分）（2014•山东）A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. （）A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. why【分析】在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会.【解答】答案B.这是一个定语从句, a company 是先行词, profit和 a company是所属关系（作profit的定语）, 所以要用关系代词whose．句意为：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会．故答案选B．第二节完型填空（共两篇；第一篇短文10小题, 每小题10分；第二篇短文20小题, 每小题1.5分；满分40分）11. （10分）（2014•山东）There was a pet store and the owner had a parrot. One daya （11）C walked in and the parrot said to the man, "Hey you!"The man said, "What!？"The parrot said, "Your （12）A is really ugly. "The man got very （13）D and went to the store owner and said, "Your bird just （14）C my wife. It said she was ugly. "The owner stormed over, （15）B the bird, took it into the"black room, "shook it a bit, （16）C out a few feathers, and said, "Don't ever, ever say anything to （17）D my customers again. You got that！！！"With that（18）A he took the bird and put it back into its cage．The old bird shook out its （19）B and relaxed in its cage．A couple of weeks （20）D and in walked this guy and his wife again．The parrot said, "Hey you!"The guy said, "What!？"The parrot answered, "You know that．"11. A. group B. team C. couple D. crowd12. A. wife B. sister C. mother D. daughter13. A. curious B. nervous C. guilty D. angry14. A. greeted B. puzzled C. offended D. scared15. A. hugged B. seized C. trained D. rescued16. A. sent B. handed C. pulled D. dug17. A. touch B. amuse C. cheat D. embarrass18. A. warning B. comment C. suggestion D. request19. A. eyes B. feathers C. fur D. skin20. A. lasted B. arrived C. appeared D. passed.【分析】本文讲述的是发生在宠物店里的小幽默故事. 当一对夫妻来到一家宠物店时, 店里的一只鹦鹉冒犯了妻子, 说她很难看. 丈夫很生气, 便告诉了店老板, 老板惩罚并警告鹦鹉让它记住不能再说让顾客尴尬的话, 并且反问它: "你懂的了哈？！"结果几周后, 夫妻俩又来到店里, 鹦鹉对丈夫说, "你懂的. "【解答】答案:11 C 名词词义辨析根据下文提到的"The man"以及"my wife"可知, 这里指的应是一对夫妻来到了这家宠物店；故选C12 A 名词词义辨析根据下文"…my wife. It said she was ugly我的妻子, 它说她很丑"可知, 这里鹦鹉说的应是"你的妻子真地很丑"；故选A13 D 形容词词义辨析根据上文鹦鹉说了他的妻子真地很丑可以猜出, 这个人应该很生气；故选D14 C 动词词义辨析结合上文可知, 鹦鹉评论他的妻子很丑, 这应是对他妻子的冒犯；C. offended 得罪, 冒犯；D. scared 使害怕；故选C15 B 动词词义辨析根据上文店老板听到顾客告状, 于是冲了过来以及下文took it into the"black room": 把它关进"黑屋子"可知, 此处应该是店老板抓住了鹦鹉；A. 拥抱； B. 抓住；C. 训练；D. 营救；故选B16 C 动词词义辨析根据上文店老板抓住鹦鹉并使劲晃它可知, 此处应表示鹦鹉被拔掉几根羽毛；A. 派送；B. 分发；C. 拔掉, 抽出；D. 挖出；故选C 17 D 动词词义辨析根据上文那位顾客对店老板说的话"Your bird just （14）offended my wife. It said she was ugly. 你的鸟刚刚冒犯了我的妻子, 它说她真地很丑"可知, 当时那两位顾客一定会很尴尬；故此处应是老板警告鹦鹉以后绝对不能再说使顾客尴尬的话了；故选D18 A 名词词义辨析根据上文作老板对鹦鹉训斥话可知, 此处应指老板一边警告着鹦鹉一边把它放回笼子里； A. 警告；B. 评价, 评论；C. 建议；D. 要求；选A19 B 名词词义辨析根据上文提到"（15）seized the bird…shook it a bit, （16）pulled out a few feathers"店老板抓住鸟…使劲晃它, 拔掉了几根羽毛, 可知这里指他把鸟放回笼子, 鸟抖了抖羽毛；故选B20 D 动词词义辨析根据下文可知, 此处应表示几个星期过去了, 那对夫妻又来到了这家店里；故选D．12. （30分）（2014•山东）Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family. While （21）C her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a（an）（22）B in medicine. At 18she married and （23）D a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a （24）A. Her husband supported her decision.（25）B, Canadian medical schools did not（26）D women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study （27）C at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to （28）D her medical degree. Upon graduation, Charlotte （29）A to Montreal and set up a private （30）C. Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a （31）A doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte（32）B herself operating on。
2014年高考全国卷1 语文真题及 答案详解(Word)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试卷第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必做题一、现代文阅读I 9分，每小题3分)阅读下面的文字，完成l～3题。
悲剧产生于社会的矛盾、两种社会力量的冲突。
冲突双方分别代表着真与假、善与恶、新与旧等对立的两极，却总是以代表真、善、新等美好的一方的失败、死亡、毁灭为结局，他们是悲剧的主人公。
因为他们的力量还比较弱小，还无法与强大的旧势力或邪恶力量抗衡，正义的要求不能实现，于是形成了悲剧。
古希腊学者亚里士多德指出，悲剧描写了比现实中更美好同时又是“与我们相似的”人物，通过他们的毁灭“引起怜悯和恐惧来使感情得到陶冶”，即产生净化的作用。
然而，悲剧不仅表现冲突与毁灭，而且表现抗争与拼搏，这是悲剧具有审美价值的最根本的原因。
鲁迅说过：“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看”。
这种毁灭是抗争、拼搏以后的毁灭，抗争与拼搏体现了人的一种精神。
古希腊神话中普罗米修斯为了人类从天上盗取火种，触怒了主神宙斯，被锁在高加索山崖上，每日遭神鹰啄食肝脏，但普罗米修斯毫不屈服，最后坠入深渊。
罗丹的大理石雕塑《马身人首》中，人臂绝望地扑向一个它所抓不到的目标，而马足则陷于尘土不能自拔，表现出人性与兽性的冲突，象征着灵与肉的斗争，具有强烈的悲剧性。
可以说，没有抗争就没有悲剧，冲突、抗争与毁灭是构成悲剧的三个主要因素。
悲剧的审美价值的载体只能是文学艺术。
因为人生有价值的东西、美好事物的毁灭是令人伤悲的，因此现实中的悲剧不能作为直接的审美对象来欣赏，否则人就是泯灭了人性的人了。
现实中的悲剧只能激起人的同情、义愤，迫使人采取严肃的伦理态度和实践行动。
民主革命时期，在演出歌剧《白毛女》的过程中，曾多次出现扮演地主黄世仁的演员被打甚至险遭枪击的事件，这是人们以实际的道德评价代替了审美活动。
现实的悲剧只在客观上具有悲剧的审美性质，它们必须以文学艺术的形式表现出来，才能成为欣赏的对象，美学上所谓的“以悲为美”才能实现。
悲剧成为审美对象只能以文学艺术的形式出现，原因在于它需要建立悲剧事件与人的心理距离。
2014年高考真题——理综(新课标Ⅰ卷)Word版含答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试（新课标I卷）本试卷共18页，40题（含选考题）。
全卷满分300分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用统一提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应的题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4. 选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用统一提供的2B铅笔涂黑。
答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域内均无效。
5. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19 Al 27 P 31 S 32Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 Br 80 Ag 108选择题共21小题，共126分一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 关于细胞膜结构和功能的叙述，错误．．的是A.脂质和蛋白质是组成细胞膜的主要物质B.当细胞衰老时，其细胞膜的通透性会发生改变C.甘油是极性分子，所以不能以自由扩散的方式通过细胞膜D.细胞产生的激素与靶细胞膜上相应受体的结合可实现细胞间的信息传递2. 正常生长的绿藻，照光培养一段时间后，用黑布迅速将培养瓶罩上，此后绿藻细胞的叶绿体内不．可能发生的现象是A.O2的产生停止B.CO2的固定加快C.ATP/ADP比值下降D.NADPH/NADP+比值下降3. 内环境稳态是维持机体正常生命活动的必要条件，下列叙述错误．．的是A.内环境保持相对稳定有利于机体适应外界环境的变化B.内环境稳态有利于新陈代谢过程中酶促反应的正常进行C.维持内环境中Na+、K+浓度的相对稳定有利于维持神经细胞的正常兴奋性D.内环境中发生的丙酮酸氧化分解给细胞提供能量，有利于生命活动的进行4. 下列关于植物细胞质壁分离实验的叙述，错误．．的是A.与白色花瓣相比，采用红色花瓣有利于实验现象的观察B.用黑藻叶片进行实验时，叶绿体的存在会干扰实验现象的观察C.用紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮不同部位观察到的质壁分离程度可能不同D.紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的液泡中有色素，有利于实验现象的观察5. 下图为某种单基因常染色体隐性遗传病的系谱图（深色代表的个体是该遗传病患者，其余为表现型正常个体）。
2014年上海高考数学真题(理科)试卷(word解析版)
⎩→∞ 2 绝密★启用前2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数学试卷（理工农医类）考生注意（满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟）1. 本场考试时间 120 分钟，试卷共 4 页，满分 150 分，答题纸共 2 页.2. 作答前，在答题纸正面填写姓名、准考证号，反面填写姓名，将核对后的条形码贴在答题纸指定位置.3. 所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域，不得错位.在试卷上作答一律不得分.4. 用 2B 铅笔作答选择题，用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题.一、填空题(本大题满分 56 分)本大题共有 14 题，考生必须在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得 4 分，否则一律得零分．1. 函数 y = 1- 2 cos 2 (2x ) 的最小正周期是.2. 若复数z=1+2i ，其中 i 是虚数单位，则(z + 1) ⋅ z = .z3. 若抛物线 y 2=2px 的焦点与椭圆x + y 9 5.= 1 的右焦点重合，则该抛物线的准线方程为⎧x , x ∈(-∞, a ),4. 设 f (x ) = ⎨x 2 , x ∈[a ,+∞], 若 f (2) = 4 ，则a 的取值范围为.5. 若实数 x,y 满足 xy=1,则 x 2 + 2 y 2 的最小值为.6. 若圆锥的侧面积是底面积的 3 倍，则其母线与底面角的大小为 （结果用反三角函数值表示）.7. 已知曲线 C 的极坐标方程为 p (3cos θ - 4 sin θ ) = 1，则 C 与极轴的交点到极点的距离是 .8. 设无穷等比数列{ a n }的公比为 q ，若a 1 = lim(a 3 + a 4 + ) ，则q=.n211 2 19.若f (x) =x 3 -x 2 ，则满足f (x) < 0 的x 取值范围是.10.为强化安全意识，某商场拟在未来的连续10 天中随机选择3 天进行紧急疏散演练，则选择的3 天恰好为连续3 天的概率是（结构用最简分数表示）.11.已知互异的复数a,b 满足ab≠0，集合{a,b}={ a 2, b2},则a +b = .12.设常数 a 使方程sin x + x +x2+x3=. 3 cos x =a 在闭区间[0,2 π] 上恰有三个解x , x2, x3，则13.某游戏的得分为1,2,3,4,5，随机变量ξ表示小白玩游戏的得分.若E(ξ) =4.2，则小白得5 分的概率至少为.14.已知曲线C：x =- l：x=6.若对于点A（m，0）,存在C 上的点P 和l 上的点Q 使得AP +AQ = 0 ，则m 的取值范围为.二、选择题：本大题共4 个小题,每小题5 分,共20 分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.15.设a, b ∈R ,则“a +b > 4 ”是“a > 2,且b > 2 ”的（）（A）充分条件（B）必要条件（C）充分必要条件（D）既非充分又非必要条件16.如图，四个棱长为1 的正方体排成一个正四棱柱，AB 是一条侧棱，P i (i =1,2,...) 是上→→底面上其余的八个点，则AB⋅AP i (i =1,2...) 的不同值的个数为（）（A）1 (B)2 (C)4 (D)84 -y2⎨ 1 17. 已知 P 1 (a 1 , b 1 ) 与 P 2 (a 2 , b 2 ) 是直线 y=kx+1（k 为常数）上两个不同的点，则关于 x 和 y⎧a 1x + b 1 y = 1的方程组⎨a x + b y = 1 的解的情况是（）⎩ 2 2（A ）无论 k ， P 1 , P 2 如何，总是无解 （B)无论k ， P 1 , P 2 如何，总有唯一解 （C ）存在 k ， P 1 , P 2 ，使之恰有两解（D ）存在 k ， P 1 , P 2 ，使之有无穷多解18.⎧(x - a )2, x ≤ 0, f (x ) = ⎪x + + a , x > 0, 若 f (0) 是 f (x ) 的最小值，则a 的取值范围为（）.⎪⎩x(A)[-1,2](B)[-1，0](C)[1，2](D) [0, 2]三．解答题（本大题共 5 题，满分 74 分） 19、（本题满分 12 分）底面边长为 2 的正三棱锥 P - ABC ,其表面学科网展开图是三角形 p 1 p 2 p 3 ，如图，求△p 1 p 2 p 3 的各边长及此三棱锥的体积V .zxxk20.（本题满分 14 分）本题有 2 个小题，第一小题满分 6 分，第二小题满分 1 分。
2014全国卷年高考数学真题
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国课标1理科数学注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每个小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮搽干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，写在本试卷上无效.3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上，答在本试题上无效.4. 考试结束，将本试题和答题卡一并交回.第Ⅰ卷一．选择题：共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的一项。
1.已知集合A={x |2230x x --≥}，B={x |－2≤x ＜2＝，则A B ⋂=A .[-2,-1]B .[-1,2）C .[-1,1]D .[1,2） 2.32(1)(1)i i +-= A .1i + B .1i - C .1i -+ D .1i --3.设函数()f x ，()g x 的定义域都为R ，且()f x 时奇函数，()g x 是偶函数，则下列结论正确的是A .()f x ()g x 是偶函数B .|()f x |()g x 是奇函数C .()f x |()g x |是奇函数D .|()f x ()g x |是奇函数4.已知F 是双曲线C ：223(0)x my m m -=>的一个焦点，则点F 到C 的一条渐近线的距离为A .B .3CD .3m5.4位同学各自在周六、周日两天中任选一天参加公益活动，则周六、周日都有同学参加公益活动的概率A .18B .38C .58D .786.如图，圆O 的半径为1，A 是圆上的定点，P 是圆上的动点，角x 的始边为射线OA ，终边为射线OP ，过点P 作直线OA 的垂线，垂足为M ，将点M 到直线OP 的距离表示为x 的函数()f x ，则y =()f x 在[0,π]上的图像大致为7.执行下图的程序框图，若输入的,,a b k 分别为1,2,3，则输出的M =A .203B .165C .72D .1588.设(0,)2πα∈，(0,)2πβ∈，且1sin tan cos βαβ+=，则 A .32παβ-= B .22παβ-= C .32παβ+= D .22παβ+=9.不等式组124x y x y +≥⎧⎨-≤⎩的解集记为D .有下面四个命题： 1p ：(,),22x y D x y ∀∈+≥-，2p ：(,),22x y D x y ∃∈+≥,3P ：(,),23x y D x y ∀∈+≤，4p ：(,),21x y D x y ∃∈+≤-.其中真命题是A .2p ，3PB .1p ，4pC .1p ，2pD .1p ，3P10.已知抛物线C ：28y x =的焦点为F ，准线为l ，P 是l 上一点，Q 是直线PF 与C 的一个焦点，若4FP FQ =，则||QF = A .72 B .52C .3D .2 11.已知函数()f x =3231ax x -+，若()f x 存在唯一的零点0x ，且0x ＞0，则a 的取值范围为A .（2，+∞）B .（-∞，-2）C .（1，+∞）D .（-∞，-1）12.如图，网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗实线画出的是某多面体的三视图，则该多面体的个条棱中，最长的棱的长度为A .62B .42C .6D .4第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两个部分。
2014年高考真题辽宁卷及答案参考
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（辽宁卷）语文注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
有人会说，幸福这个东西很难说，好像是很主观的感觉，很难有统一的标准。
确实是这样，每个人对幸福的理解是不一样的。
但是，你若深入地问为什么会不一样，其实还是有标准的。
一个人对幸福的理解，从大的方面来说，其实是体现了价值观的，就是你究竟看重什么。
古希腊哲学家亚里士多德曾经说过：幸福是我们一切行为的终极目标，我们做所有的事情其实都是手段。
一个人想要赚钱赚得多一点，这本身并不是目的，他是为了因此可以过上幸福的生活。
有人可能就要反驳了：我不要那么多钱，也可以幸福，比如说我读几本好书，就会感到很幸福。
其实对后一种人来说，读书就是他获得幸福的手段。
对于什么是幸福，西方哲学史上主要有两种看法、两个派别。
一派叫做“快乐主义”，其创始人是古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁。
近代以来，英国的一些哲学家，如亚当〃斯密、约翰〃穆勒、休谟对此也有所阐发。
这一派认为，幸福就是快乐。
但什么是快乐？快乐就是身体的无痛苦和灵魂的无烦恼。
身体健康、灵魂安宁就是快乐，就是幸福。
他们还特别强调一点，人要从长远来看快乐，要理智地去寻求快乐。
你不能为了追求一时的、眼前的快乐，而给自己埋下一个痛苦的祸根，结果得到的可能是更大的痛苦。
另一派叫做“完善主义”。
完善主义认为，幸福就是精神上的完善，或者说道德上的完善。
他们认为人身上最高贵的部分，是人的灵魂，是人的精神。
你要把这部分满足了，那才是真正的幸福。
这一派的代表人物是苏格拉底、康德、黑格尔等，包括马克思，他们强调的是人的精神满足。
这两派有一个共同之处，那就是，都十分强调精神上的满足。
2014年高考真题(答案)
14、宗教，（1分）因为人类的终极 关怀主要依赖哲学、宗教、艺术三 种形式来实现。（1分）如果哲学和 艺术不发达，那么就会通过宗教来 弥合人与自然、人与社会的分裂。 （2分）
15、艺术价值的关键不在于认识 的内容是否正确，而在于能否给 人想象的空间、情感的慰藉和精 神关怀。（2分） 梵高的《星夜》虽然不符合真实 的星空现象，但画中燃烧的星星 给人想象的空间，表现了人类共 有的奋斗精神，给人情感慰藉。 （给人终极关怀）（2分）
（2）夕阳还有一竿高，离天黑 尚早。这时主人公后悔不应该让 朋友这么早离去，转而埋怨催朋 友离去的人。（3分）这句词进 一步抒发了主人公对朋友难舍难 分的深厚情谊。（1分）
本题考查评价文章的思想内容和作 者的观点态度的能力，本题的关键 是“怪”字，属于炼字知识的检测。 为什么怪，谁怪谁，表达了怎样的 情感。
21、（1）写他的历史机遇和个人兴趣，学 习古建筑包括师承的基本情况，突出他强烈 的责任感和使命感。 （2）对长城的研究，表现他对事业的痴迷 执着，以及求实和献身精神。 （3）对大师称号的推迟，表现出一种谦逊 的品质 （4）对古建筑保护和建筑的看法，表现出 他见解独到深刻。 每点2分，答对3点给6分，意思对即可。
刘敞积劳成疾头晕眼花，多次将病情上 报皇帝（请辞）。病稍好一点的时候，又 请求离开朝廷到地方去做官，被任命为汝 州长官。不久改任集贤院学士、南京御史 台，熙宁元年，刘敞去世，享年五十岁。
10.（1）描写主人公伫立江边目送 朋友离去，（1分），一叶扁舟渐 行渐远（扁舟越过林梢，船帆比沙 鸥还小，（1分）直到看不见（仍 久久不肯离去）（1分）的依依不 舍的送别场景。
13.【答案】D A项的观点与原文“一般认为，艺术的价值是多 重要，这其中既有认识论的内容，也有伦理的成 分”不符合； B项，原文认为“治疗异化痛苦的古典艺术”， 而“古典艺术”是中国古人的“终极关怀”，因 此遭受异化痛苦的人更需要的是具有终极关怀的 艺术作品。 C项与原文“从字面上看，通俗易懂，仿佛没有 什么深奥的道理，但它之所以被人们千古传颂， 自有其“终极关怀”的重要意义”不相符，
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2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试理科综合能力测试生物
（新课标1卷）
一、选择题
1、关于细胞膜结构和功能的叙述，错误的是
A．脂质和蛋白质是组成细胞膜的主要物质
B．当细胞衰老时，其细胞膜的通透性会发生改变
C．甘油是极性分子，所以不能以自由扩散的方式通过细胞膜
D．细胞产生的激素与靶细胞膜上相应受体的结合可实现细胞间的信息传递
2、内环境稳态是维持机体正常生命活动的必要条件，下列叙述错误的是
A．内环境保持相对稳定有利于机体适应外界环境的变化
B．内环境稳态有利于新陈代谢过程中酶促反应的正常进行
C．维持内环境中Na+、K+浓度的相对稳定有利于维持神经细胞的正常兴奋性
D．内环境中发生的丙酮酸氧化分解给细胞提供能量，有利于生命活动的进行
3、下列关于植物细胞质壁分离实验的叙述，错误的是
A．与白色花瓣相比，采用红色花瓣有利于实验现象的观察
B．用黑藻叶片进行实验时，叶绿体的存在会干扰实验现象的观察
C．用紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮不同部位观察到的质壁分离程度可能不同
D．紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的液泡中有色素，有利于实验现象的观察
4、正常生长的绿藻，照光培养一段时间后，用黑布迅速将培养瓶罩上，此后绿藻细胞的叶绿体内不可能发生的现象是
A．O2的产生停止 B．CO2的固定加快
C．ATP/ADP比值下降 D．NADPH/NADP+比值下降
5、下图为某种单基因常染色体隐性遗传病系谱图（深色代表的个体是该遗传病患者，其余为表现型正常个体）。
近亲结婚时该遗传病发病率较高，假定图中第Ⅳ代的两个个体婚配生出一个患该遗传病子代的概率为1/48，那么，得出此概率值需要的限定条件是
A．Ⅰ－2和Ⅰ－4必须是纯合子
B．Ⅱ－1、Ⅲ－1和Ⅲ－4必须是纯合子
C．Ⅱ－2、Ⅱ－3、Ⅲ－2和Ⅲ－3必须是杂合子
D．Ⅱ－4、Ⅱ－5、Ⅳ－1和Ⅳ－2必须是杂合子
6、某种植物病毒V是通过稻飞虱吸食水稻汁液在水稻传播的。
稻田中青蛙数量的增加可减少该病毒在水稻间的传播。
下列叙述正确的是
A.青蛙与稻飞虱是捕食关系
B.水稻与青蛙是竞争关系
C.病毒V与青蛙是寄生关系
C.水稻和病毒V是互利共生关系
二、综合题
29、已知5%葡萄糖溶液的渗透压与动物血浆渗透压基本相同，现给正常小鼠静脉输入一定量的该葡萄糖溶液，葡萄糖溶液的输入对小鼠会有一定影响。
回答下列问题：
（1）输入的葡萄糖进入细胞，经过氧化分解，其终产物中的气体可进入细胞外液，并通过循环系统运输到系统被排出体外，若该气体的排出出现障碍，则会引起细胞外液的PH 。
（2）血浆中的葡萄糖不断进入细胞被利用，细胞外液渗透压，尿量，从而使渗透压恢复到原来水平。
（3）当细胞外液渗透压发生变化时，细胞内液的渗透压（填“会”或“不会”）发生变化。
30、请回答关于群落演替的问题：
（1）在光裸的岩石上开始的演替和从森林被全部砍伐的地方开始的演替中，哪个属于初生演替，哪个属于次生演替？
（2）一般来说，若要演替到相对稳定的森林阶段，上述两个演替中次生演替所需的时间短，分析其主要原因。
（3）据调查，近5万年以来，某地区由于气候越来越干燥，森林逐渐被灌丛取代，这也是自然界存在的一种演替类型。
近50年来，由于人类过度开垦，导致局部灌丛出现了荒漠化，该现象表明：与该地区具有的自然演替相比，人类的开垦活动使得该地区群落的演替速
度（填“未发生改变”、“变慢”或“变快”），演替的方向（填“发生改变”或“未发生改变”）
31、回答下列问题:
(1)在观察大蒜根尖细胞有丝分裂的实验中,常用盐酸酒精混合液处理根尖,用龙胆紫溶液染色。
实验中,盐酸酒精混合液的作用是________________;龙胆紫溶液属于_______性染料,能够使细胞中的____染成______色。
(2)用光学显微镜观察细胞,可以看到细胞核。
细胞核的功能可概括为_____________。
32、现有两个纯合的某作物品种：抗病高秆（易倒伏）和感病矮秆（抗倒状）品种，已知抗病对感病为显性，高秆对矮秆为显性，但对于控制这两对相对性状的基因所知甚少。
回答下列问题：
（1）在育种实践中，若利用这两个品种进行杂交育种，一般来说，育种目的获得具有优良性状的新品种。
（2）杂交育种前，为了确定F2代的种植规模，需要正确预测杂交结果，若按照孟德尔遗传定律来预测杂交结果，需要满足3个条件：条件之一是抗病与感病这对相对性状受一对等位基因控制，且符合分离定律；其余两个条件是。
（3）为了确定控制上述这两对性状基因是否满足上述3个条件，可用测交实验来进行检验，请简要写出该测交实验的过程。
39、植物秸秆中的纤维素可被某些微生物分解，回答下列问题：
（1）分解秸秆中纤维素的微生物能分泌纤维素酶，该酶是由3种组分组成的复合酶，其中葡萄糖苷酶可将分解成。
（2）在含纤维素的培养基中加入刚果红（CR）时，CR可与纤维素形成色复合物。
用含有CR的该种培养基培养纤维素分解菌时，培养基上会出现以该菌的菌落为中心的。
（3）为从富含纤维素的土壤中分离获得纤维素分解菌的单菌落，某同学设计了甲、乙两种培养（成分见下表）：
据表判断，培养基甲（填“能”或“不能”）用于分离和鉴别纤维素分解菌，原因是；培养基乙（填“能”或“不能”）用于分离和鉴别纤维素分解菌，原因是。
40、某研究者用抗原（A）分别免疫3只同种小鼠（X、Y和Z），每只小鼠免疫5次，每次免疫一周后测定各小鼠血清抗体的效价（能检测出抗原抗体反应的血清最大稀释倍数），结果如下图所示。
若要制备杂交瘤细胞，需取免疫后小鼠的B淋巴细胞（染色体数目为40条），并将该细胞与体外培养的小鼠骨髓瘤细胞（染色体数目为60条）按一定比例加入试管中，再加入聚乙二醇诱导细胞融合，经筛选培养及抗体检测，得到不断分泌抗A抗体的杂交瘤细胞。
回答下列问题：
（1）制备融合所需的B淋巴细胞时，所用免疫小鼠的血清抗体效价需达到16000以上，则小鼠最少需要经过次免疫后才能有符合要求的。
达到要求的X、Y、Z这3只免疫小鼠中，最适合用于制备B淋巴细胞的是小鼠，理由是。
（2）细胞融合实验完成后，融合体系中除含有未融合的细胞和杂交廇细胞外，可能还有，体系中出现多种类型细胞的原因是。
（3）杂交瘤细胞中有个细胞核，染色体数目最多是条。
（4）未融合的B淋巴细胞经过多次传代培养后都不能存活，原因是。
参考答案
1、C
2、D
3、B
4、B
5、B
6、A
29、（1）呼吸下降（2）降低增加（3）会
30、（1）光裸的岩石上开始的演替是初生演替，森林被全部砍伐的地方开始的演替是次生演替（2）形成森林需要一定的土壤条件，上述次生演替起始时既具备该条件，而从裸岩开始的演替要达到该条件需要漫长的时间（3）变快未发生改变
31、（1）使组织中的细胞相互分离碱染色体
（2）细胞核是细胞内遗传物质储存、复制和转录的主要场所，是细胞代谢和遗传特性的控制中心
32、（1）抗病矮杆（2）高秆和矮杆这对相对性状受一对等位基因控制，且符合分离定律；控制这两对性状的基因位于非同源染色体上，（3）将纯合的抗病高秆与感病矮秆杂交，产生F1，让F1与感病矮秆杂交
39、（1）纤维二糖葡萄糖（2）红透明圈（3）不能液体培养基不能用于分离单菌落不能培养基中没有纤维素，不会形成CR-纤维素红色复合物，即使出现单菌落也不能确定其为纤维素分解菌
40、（1）4 Y Y小鼠的血清抗体效价最高（2）B淋巴细胞相互融合形成的细胞、骨髓瘤细胞相互融合形成的细胞细胞融合是随机的，且融合率达不到100% （3）1 100 不能无限增殖。