英文翻译论文(模板)
论文 英文文翻译
Guidance Notes for completing application formPart 1 Personal InformationEligibility to work at the British CouncilWe are only able to accept applications from individuals who have the right to work in the country to which they have applied.Personal InformationThe British Council’s normal retirement age is 65. If you are over this age, or within 6 months of it, at the time you apply to join us, in line with the Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, we will consider your application but reserve the right to reject it if we consider that we would be unlikely to derive sufficient benefit from your appointment in the period before your retirement.Criminal Convictions (UK)Subject to certain exempted occupations, convictions that are ‘spent’ under the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 need not be mentioned. Please be aware that declaring a conviction will not automatically disqualify you from being employed unless this post is subject to a Criminal Records Bureau Check.If the post is subject to a Criminal Records Bureau Check, British Council is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people and expects all of its partners to share this commitment. Appointment to these roles are subject to enhanced Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) checks in the UK, and, where appropriate, equivalent systems overseas.Data ProtectionThe British Council will use the information you provide in this form to process your application. If your application is successful and you take up employment with the British Council, this form will be kept on your personnel file and some details from it will be held electronically by Human Resources in line with the Data Protection Act (1998). If your application is unsuccessful, this form willbe kept on file for one year after completion of the recruitment exercise and then securely destroyed.The British Council will treat all personal details in accordance with UK law and its own privacy policy. Under Data Protection law you have the right to ask for a copy of the information we hold on you, for which we may charge a fee, and the right to ask us to correct any inaccuracies in that information. If you do want more information about this please contact your local British Council office or the Data Protection Team dataprotection@. Part 2 Job-Related InformationDisabilityThe UK Disability Discrimination Act 1995 defines a person with a disability as someone who has a physical or mental impairment (including a learning or sensory impairment) that has a substantial and long term adverse effect on his/her ability to carry out normal day to day activities. In any country, it is British Council policy to interview all applicants who are disabled and who meet the essential criteria for an advertised job.Employment and professional informationPlease give details of your employment for the last 10 years, or since leaving full-time education if this is sooner, starting with the most recent employment. Account for all your time, including voluntary work or other periods away from work. Please be aware that it will not prejudice your application if you disclose a period of ill health or a period out of formal employment (e.g. time spent at home bringing up children).Other relevant experiencePlease note that this does not need to be limited to work experience. It can include experience of volunteering or of roles held within the community e.g. youth worker, community worker or leader etc..。
本科毕业论文外文翻译【范本模板】
本科毕业论文外文翻译外文译文题目:不确定条件下生产线平衡:鲁棒优化模型和最优解解法学院:机械自动化专业:工业工程学号: 201003166045学生姓名: 宋倩指导教师:潘莉日期: 二○一四年五月Assembly line balancing under uncertainty: Robust optimization modelsand exact solution methodÖncü Hazır , Alexandre DolguiComputers &Industrial Engineering,2013,65:261–267不确定条件下生产线平衡:鲁棒优化模型和最优解解法安库·汉泽,亚历山大·多桂计算机与工业工程,2013,65:261–267摘要这项研究涉及在不确定条件下的生产线平衡,并提出两个鲁棒优化模型。
假设了不确定性区间运行的时间。
该方法提出了生成线设计方法,使其免受混乱的破坏。
基于分解的算法开发出来并与增强策略结合起来解决大规模优化实例.该算法的效率已被测试,实验结果也已经发表。
本文的理论贡献在于文中提出的模型和基于分解的精确算法的开发.另外,基于我们的算法设计出的基于不确定性整合的生产线的产出率会更高,因此也更具有实际意义。
此外,这是一个在装配线平衡问题上的开创性工作,并应该作为一个决策支持系统的基础。
关键字:装配线平衡;不确定性; 鲁棒优化;组合优化;精确算法1.简介装配线就是包括一系列在车间中进行连续操作的生产系统。
零部件依次向下移动直到完工。
它们通常被使用在高效地生产大量地标准件的工业行业之中。
在这方面,建模和解决生产线平衡问题也鉴于工业对于效率的追求变得日益重要。
生产线平衡处理的是分配作业到工作站来优化一些预定义的目标函数。
那些定义操作顺序的优先关系都是要被考虑的,同时也要对能力或基于成本的目标函数进行优化。
就生产(绍尔,1999)产品型号的数量来说,装配线可分为三类:单一模型(SALBP),混合模型(MALBP)和多模式(MMALBP)。
本科毕业论文中英文翻译--Wireless-Communications无线通信【范本模板】
Wireless Communications*byJoshua S。
Gans,Stephen P。
King and Julian Wright1. IntroductionIn 1895, Guglielmo Marconi opened the way for modern wireless communications by transmitting the three—dot Morse code for the letter ‘S’ over a distance of th ree kilometers using electromagnetic waves。
From this beginning,wireless communications has developed into a key element of modern society. From satellite transmission, radio and television broadcasting to the now ubiquitous mobile telephone,wireless communications has revolutionized the way societies function.This chapter surveys the economics literature on wireless communications。
Wireless communications and the economic goods and services that utilise it have some special characteristics that have motivated specialised studies。
First, wireless communications relies on a scarce resource –namely,radio spectrum –the property rights for which were traditionally vested with the state. In order to foster the development of wireless communications (including telephony and broadcasting)those assets were privatised。
毕业论文外文翻译格式【范本模板】
因为学校对毕业论文中的外文翻译并无规定,为统一起见,特做以下要求:1、每篇字数为1500字左右,共两篇;2、每篇由两部分组成:译文+原文.3 附件中是一篇范本,具体字号、字体已标注。
外文翻译(包含原文)(宋体四号加粗)外文翻译一(宋体四号加粗)作者:(宋体小四号加粗)Kim Mee Hyun Director, Policy Research & Development Team,Korean Film Council(小四号)出处:(宋体小四号加粗)Korean Cinema from Origins to Renaissance(P358~P340) 韩国电影的发展及前景(标题:宋体四号加粗)1996~现在数量上的增长(正文:宋体小四)在过去的十年间,韩国电影经历了难以置信的增长。
上个世纪60年代,韩国电影迅速崛起,然而很快便陷入停滞状态,直到90年代以后,韩国电影又重新进入繁盛时期。
在这个时期,韩国电影在数量上并没有大幅的增长,但多部电影的观影人数达到了上千万人次。
1996年,韩国本土电影的市场占有量只有23.1%。
但是到了1998年,市场占有量增长到35。
8%,到2001年更是达到了50%。
虽然从1996年开始,韩国电影一直处在不断上升的过程中,但是直到1999年姜帝圭导演的《生死谍变》的成功才诞生了韩国电影的又一个高峰。
虽然《生死谍变》创造了韩国电影史上的最高电影票房纪录,但是1999年以后最高票房纪录几乎每年都会被刷新。
当人们都在津津乐道所谓的“韩国大片”时,2000年朴赞郁导演的《共同警备区JSA》和2001年郭暻泽导演的《朋友》均成功刷新了韩国电影最高票房纪录.2003年康佑硕导演的《实尾岛》和2004年姜帝圭导演的又一部力作《太极旗飘扬》开创了观影人数上千万人次的时代。
姜帝圭和康佑硕导演在韩国电影票房史上扮演了十分重要的角色。
从1993年的《特警冤家》到2003年的《实尾岛》,康佑硕导演了多部成功的电影。
毕业论文摘要英文翻译
毕业论文摘要英文翻译Abstract:This paper examines the effects of exercise on mental health and well-being. As individuals continue to face increasing levels of stress and anxiety, it is important to explore alternative methods of managing and improving mental well-being. Exercise has been widely recognized as a potential solution, and numerous studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and mental health. This research aims to synthesize and evaluate existing literature to determine the impact of exercise on mental health outcomes. The study also investigates the mechanisms through which exercise influences mental well-being.The literature review confirms the positive relationship between exercise and mental health. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, exercise is associated with improved cognitive function and increased self-esteem. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of exercise, including the release of endorphins, increased blood flow to the brain, and social interaction.Despite the evidence supporting the positive effects of exercise on mental health, barriers exist that prevent individuals from engaging in regular physical activity. These barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to exercise facilities. Strategies to overcome these barriers are discussed, such as incorporating exercise intodaily routines, setting realistic goals, and utilizing community resources.In conclusion, exercise has a significant positive impact on mental health and well-being. This research highlights the importance of integrating physical activity into daily life, especially in the face of increasing levels of stress and anxiety. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers. By promoting the benefits of exercise and addressing the barriers to physical activity, society can strive towards improved mental well-being for all.。
论文的英文翻译
论文的英文翻译Translation of the paper:Title: [Title of the paper]Abstract:The abstract provides a summary of the paper's main points, including the research question, methodology, results, and conclusions.1. Introduction:This section introduces the research topic, provides background information, and clearly states the research objectives. It also includes a brief literature review to highlight the relevance of the study and identify any research gaps.2. Methodology:The methodology section explains the research design, data collection methods, and analytical techniques used. It also discusses any limitations or assumptions made during the research process.3. Results:This section presents the findings of the study, including any quantitative or qualitative data collected. The results are organized in a logical and clear manner, with appropriate tables, figures, or graphs to support the findings.4. Discussion:The discussion section interprets the results, compares them toprevious research, and provides explanations for any unexpected findings. It also explores the implications and applications of the research, highlighting its contribution to the field.5. Conclusion:The conclusion summarizes the key findings of the study, restates the research objectives, and offers final thoughts on the topic. It may also suggest areas for future research or provide recommendations for practitioners.6. References:This section lists all the sources cited in the paper, following a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, etc.). The references should be organized alphabetically and provide all the necessary details for readers to locate the source.Appendix:If necessary, an appendix section can be included to provide additional information that supports the main text but is not essential to the understanding of the paper. This may include raw data, lengthy tables, questionnaires, or supplementary material.。
论文英文翻译
论文英文翻译Essay 1 - College EducationIn recent years, college education has become a topic of great debate. Some people argue that a college degree is essential for success in today's society, while others believe that it is not necessary. This essay will argue that college education is indeed important and beneficial for several reasons.Firstly, obtaining a college degree can provide individuals with better career opportunities. In today's competitive job market, employers often prioritize candidates with a higher education background. College graduates are more likely to find stable employment and earn higher salaries compared to those without a degree. Furthermore, many professions require specific knowledge and skills that can only be acquired through a college education. For example, doctors, engineers, and lawyers must complete several years of study in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their respective fields.Secondly, college education can help individuals develop important life skills. During their time at college, students are exposed to a variety of subjects and experiences, which enable them to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills. College also provides opportunities for students to engage in extracurricular activities and interact with a diverse group of individuals. This fosters social and cultural awareness, as well as teamwork and leadership skills. These skills are valuable not only in the workplace but also in everyday life.Moreover, college education promotes personal growth and lifelong learning. The college environment encourages students to explore new ideas, challenge their assumptions, and discover their passions. It provides a platform for intellectual development and self-discovery. Students are exposed to a wide range of subjects, perspectives, and cultures, which broadens their knowledge and worldview. College education also instills a sense of curiosity and a desire for continuous learning, which are essential qualities in today's rapidly changing world.In conclusion, college education is important and beneficial for several reasons. It provides better career opportunities, helps individuals develop important life skills, and promotes personal growth and lifelong learning. While it is true that college education may not be necessary for everyone, obtaining a degree can significantly enhance one's chances of success in both personal and professional aspects of life.。
毕业论文英文翻译
毕业论文英文翻译Title: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment Abstract:This paper explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment. The rise of AI technologies has sparked concerns about its potential to replace human jobs. Through an analysis of existing literature and case studies, this study investigates the ways in which AI has affected various industries and job sectors. The findings indicate that while AI has the potential to automate certain tasks and reduce the need for human intervention, it also creates new job opportunities and contributes to economic growth. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of retraining and upskilling workers to adapt to the changing job market. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of the complex relationship between AI and employment and provides insights into proactive strategies to address the challenges posed by AI. Introduction:Artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful technology with the potential to transform various aspects of society, including the workforce. The rapid advancement of AI has raised concerns about potential job losses and increased automation. This study aims to explore the impact of AI on employment and identify strategies to mitigate negative effects. By examining existing literature and case studies, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of AI's influence on different industries and job sectors.Literature Review:The literature offers a wide range of perspectives on the impact ofAI on employment. Some studies suggest that AI will lead to significant job losses in sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. They argue that AI technologies, such as autonomous vehicles and chatbots, can perform tasks previously done by humans more efficiently and at a lower cost. On the other hand, other studies argue that AI will create new job opportunities and enhance productivity. For example, the healthcare sector benefits from AI technologies by improving diagnosis accuracy and streamlining administrative processes.Case Studies:This study includes several case studies that examine the impact of AI on specific industries. The manufacturing industry, for instance, has experienced both job losses and job creation due to the introduction of AI. While certain tasks have been automated, new roles related to AI maintenance and programming have emerged. Similarly, the retail industry has witnessed the integration of AI technologies, leading to job displacement in traditional retail jobs but also the creation of new positions in data analysis and online customer support.Mitigation Strategies:To address the challenges posed by AI, strategies should focus on retraining and upskilling the workforce to adapt to the changing job market. Governments and organizations should encourage workers to acquire in-demand skills such as data analysis and AI programming. Additionally, collaboration between academia and industry is crucial to ensure that education and training programs remain relevant and effective. Finally, policies that support jobtransition and income support for displaced workers will help minimize the negative impact of AI on employment. Conclusion:The impact of artificial intelligence on employment is a complex and multifaceted issue. While concerns about job losses are valid, it is important to recognize that AI also creates new job opportunities and contributes to economic growth. By implementing proactive strategies, such as retraining and upskilling, societies can better navigate the changes brought about by AI and ensure a future where humans and machines can coexist harmoniously.。
毕业论文英文翻译
毕业论文英文翻译把汉语译成英语或把英语译成汉语是一种语言活动,它既涉及汉英两种语言本身的知识,也涉及多方面的文化背景知识。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英文翻译毕业论文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!英文翻译毕业论文篇1英文翻译本质浅析【摘要】尽管翻译是人类最早从事的智力活动之一,但是对“翻译到底是什么”这个本质的问题人们至今也没达成共识。
实际上,译学上的许多重大问题,如翻译的标准问题、直译或意译的问题、翻译是科学还是艺术的问题,最终都可以归结为对翻译本质认识的不同。
笔者在拜读过一篇篇高论后,认识到对翻译本质的讨论集中起来涉及两点,一是翻译是一种怎样的活动,二是翻译是一种什么性质的活动;前者讨论翻译的定义,后者涉及翻译的概念、分类和性质。
【关键词】英文翻译定义性质一、翻译的定义许多人曾为翻译下过定义。
卡特福德给翻译下的定义是:the replacement of textual material in one language (SL)by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)。
(Catford,1965)即“一种语言(译出语)的话语材料被另一种语言(译入语)中的对等的话语材料替代”。
在这里,翻译似乎主要是两种存在状态,一种是源语,一种是译语,既不讲翻译主体,也没有提到翻译过程,很难说它说中了翻译活动的实质。
费道罗夫认为“翻译是用一种语言手段忠实、全面地表达另一种语言表达的东西。
”可以看出上面定义中的等值论观点来自费道罗夫的“忠实”、“全面”。
在揭示翻译活动的本质方面,它们都有一个共同的缺点,就是没能明示翻译与其实活动的根本区别。
其实,摘译、编译等活动都是翻译,因为上述活动都主要表现为语言间的意义转换。
在对翻译本质的认识上,威尔斯比以上二位又进了一步:“翻译是将源语话语变为尽可能等值的译语话语的过程”。
(蔡毅,1995)这里没有硬性规定,只是说“尽可能等值”。
毕业论文的英文翻译
毕业论文的英文翻译Title: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Society Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing field that has made significant contributions to various aspects of modern society. This paper aims to explore the impact of AI on society, including its benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations. The research methodology includes a comprehensive review of relevant literature and analysis of case studies.1. Introduction:Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence by computer systems. Advances in AI have led to the development of technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. These technologies have found applications in diverse sectors, ranging from healthcare and finance to transportation and entertainment.2. Benefits of AI:AI has brought several benefits to society. One significant advantage is the automation of repetitive and mundane tasks, which has increased efficiency and productivity in various industries. For example, in manufacturing, AI-powered robots can complete complex tasks with precision and speed, reducing the need for human intervention. Additionally, AI has improved the accuracy and speed of medical diagnoses, leading to better patient outcomes.3. Challenges of AI:Despite its numerous benefits, AI also poses several challenges. One major concern is the potential loss of jobs due to automation. The displacement of workers by AI-powered machines raises questions about unemployment rates and income inequality. Moreover, the ethical implications of AI in decision making, privacy and security, and the potential for bias also need to be addressed.4. Ethical considerations:AI raises ethical concerns related to privacy, transparency, and accountability. As AI systems collect and analyze vast amounts of personal data, there is a need for strict regulations and safeguards to protect individuals' privacy. Furthermore, issues of transparency and accountability arise when AI algorithms make decisions that impact people's lives. The development of ethical frameworks and guidelines is crucial to ensure responsible AI usage.5. Case studies:The paper includes case studies to highlight the real-world impact of AI. One example is the use of AI in autonomous vehicles. Self-driving cars equipped with AI technology promise safer and more efficient transportation. However, accidents involving autonomous vehicles have raised concerns about liability and accountability. 6. Conclusion:Artificial intelligence has revolutionized various aspects of modern society, offering benefits such as increased productivity and improved healthcare outcomes. However, challenges related to job displacement, ethical considerations, and potential biases need to be addressed. To fully harness the benefits of AI whilesafeguarding society's interests, it is essential to develop and implement comprehensive regulations and ethical frameworks.。
收到翻译作文模板英语
收到翻译作文模板英语英文回答:Translated Essay Template。
Introduction。
Begin with a brief introduction to the topic, providing background information and a brief overview of the essay's main argument.Include a clear thesis statement that summarizes the essay's main points.Body Paragraph 1。
Introduce the first point of the essay, supported by evidence from credible sources.Use transitions to lead smoothly from one idea to thenext.Provide specific examples and illustrations to support your claims.Body Paragraph 2。
Introduce the second point of the essay, supported by different evidence from credible sources.Use transitions to connect the ideas in the paragraph.Provide specific examples and illustrations to support your claims.Body Paragraph 3 (Optional)。
Introduce the third point of the essay, supported by further evidence from credible sources.Use transitions to connect the ideas in the paragraph.Provide specific examples and illustrations to support your claims.Conclusion。
本科毕业论文关于英文翻译
本科毕业论文关于英文翻译自改革开放以来,不同国家的人急于了解他国的文化,电影作为跨文化交流的一种方式,为电影界迎来了春天。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于本科英文翻译毕业论文的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!本科英文翻译毕业论文篇1英文电影片名翻译初探摘要:电影作为一种艺术形式,深受大众喜爱。
国与国之间的文化交流,电影也是一个重要组成部分。
把国内的好影片介绍出去,把国外的好影片引进来,翻译是重要一环,而首先吸引观众的就是片名。
片名的翻译起着重要的作用。
翻译片名,要以传递信息和唤起美感为目的。
在文字转移过程中,应切实保留原作的信息价值和美学价值。
既要忠于原片内容,还要注意文字优美、言简意赅,具有强烈的吸引力和感染力,本文针对目前英文电影片名翻译的现状,对英文电影片名翻译的有关理论展开讨论,同时提出了翻译片名的几种基本方法。
关键词:电影;英文电影;片名翻译;方法电影是人们喜闻乐见的艺术形式,它能传播信息、抒发感情、反映丰富多彩的生活。
给人们带来艺术上的享受。
一部好的影片之所以能吸引成千上万的观众,除了演员的精湛演技、富有哲理的对话以及绚丽多彩的画面外,与其寓意深刻、回味无穷的片名有着直接的联系。
片名,是影视片的品牌商标,看似简单却是作者颇费神思的产物,寥寥数词凝聚着整个作品的精髓。
电影片名翻译是一项重要而富于创造性的工作。
佳译能够为影片锦上添花。
对丰富国内观众业余文化生活,促进国际间文化艺术交流起到不可忽视的作用。
翻译片名大多直译,形式与内容皆相似,朴实明了又贴切。
但是片名的翻译也是语际交流,是不同文化之间的交流。
观众对象不同,文化和欣赏习惯也有差异,原语与译语的表达方式和习惯有同有异。
片名翻译时,也应深入理解影片的内容蕴涵和风格,揣摩措词用语,力求准确把握原语与译语的表层意义和联想意义,既要考虑对等,更要考虑到译名的传意性和可接受性。
一、英文电影片名翻译现状(一)一片多名的问题日前,电影片名翻译中存在着混乱、不规范的现象,一片多名的问题较突出。
英语议论文经典范文3篇(带翻译)
英语议论文经典范文3篇(带翻译)有很多的同学在写英语作文的时候,也会写一些经典的议论文,小编整理了相关范文,希望会对大家有所帮助!英语作文范文带中文翻译Manyyearsago,themovieabouttheyouthbecameverypopular,everyyear,wecanseeman yhotmoviesabouttheprotagonist’spassedyouth.Peopleliketorecalltheirpassedyouth, whichmakessuchmoviessellgood.ButIfindthecommonthingsaboutthesemovies,alltheprotagonists’youthareaboutfighting,loveandothernegativethings.Iunderstandthedirectors’intention,theywanttotellpeopleyouthisnotperfectandhavingpities.Ofcourse movieisexaggerating,therealyouthisaboutstudying,atleast,mostpeoplehaveworkedso hardtogetintotheiridealcolleges.Whatthemoviesdescribemakeupsomepeople’syouth,forwhichtheydon’thavethechancetoexperience.Weshouldnotbemisledbythesemovies,fortheteenagers,theirjobistostudy,sothattheycanhaveabrightfuture.【翻译】很多年以前,关于青春的电影很受欢迎,此后每年,我们都可以看到很多热门电影是关于主人公逝去的青春。
关于英语翻译方向的论文范文
关于英语翻译方向的论文范文翻译在跨文化、跨民族之间的交流和合作中功不可没,英语翻译,它既是语言之间的相互转换,同时也是不同文化间的交流。
下文是店铺为大家整理的英语翻译的论文的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!英语翻译的论文篇1文化空缺与英汉翻译摘要:不同民族的语言产生于不同的文化背景,所承载的文化也不尽相同,这就必然导致两种语言在表达方式上存在很多相异之处,文化空缺就是这些差异的极端表现,它是一个民族语言和文化与其它民族语言和文化的异质性的充分体现,这无疑增加了翻译的难度。
所以文化空缺的翻译不仅是语言的迁移,更是文化的传播。
关键词:文化空缺英汉翻译翻译作为人类最早进行的交流活动之一,一直在不同的语言集团间沟通信息,对人类社会的发展和进步有非常重要的作用。
正是由于翻译所起的中介作用,民族间才可以互通有无、互相学习、共同发展。
跨文化交际学和文化语言学的兴起与发展,为语言与文化的研究带来了勃勃生机。
而作为跨文化交际的翻译,也因此而更加受到重视,对它的研究也呈现出多角度、多侧面、开放性的特点。
翻译作为不同语言之间人们交流思想和文化不可或缺的手段,在传播文化信息、促进不同民族间的相互了解与民族融合的过程中的重要作用已日益凸显。
翻译界对翻译理论研究的重心从译意到译信息再到以文化为导向的翻译,正说明翻译实质是文化的翻译。
如Bassnet & Lefevele就指出翻译的研究实际上就是文化互动的研究,Nida亦强调译者的双文化能力。
而在交流与翻译活动过程中,各民族由于语言文化异质性的客观存在,会不可避免地出现信息交流的障碍。
其中作为语言文化异质性极致体现形式的文化空缺现象更使交流者进入了两难的境地。
为积极应对空缺现象带来的问题,促使交流与翻译的顺利进行,就必须在交流与翻译过程中逐步探寻处理文化空缺的有效途径和办法。
翻译,在古时候叫做“象寄”或“通事”。
《说文解字》里说:“传译四夷之言者。
”《义疏》里也提到:“译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。
学士翻译作文英语模板
学士翻译作文英语模板英文回答:Bachelor's English Translation Essay。
Instructions:1. Write your essay in two languages: English and Chinese.2. Answer the question in English first, then in Chinese.3. Do not mix the two languages in your answer.4. The length of your essay should be at least 2,000 words.Question:Discuss the challenges and opportunities of translating literary works from one language to another.Essay:Challenges of Literary Translation。
Literary translation is a complex and challenging task that requires translators to possess not only linguistic skills but also a deep understanding of the source and target cultures. One of the primary challenges of literary translation is the need to convey not only the literal meaning of the text but also its cultural and aesthetic nuances. This can be particularly difficult whentranslating works from cultures that are vastly different from the target culture. For example, translating a Chinese poem into English may require the translator to find creative ways to convey the poem's use of metaphor and imagery, which may not have direct equivalents in English.Another challenge of literary translation is the need to balance fidelity to the original text with the need tomake the translation accessible to readers in the target culture. Translators must be careful not to produce a translation that is so literal that it becomes awkward or unnatural in the target language. At the same time, they must avoid making changes to the text that alter its meaning or tone.Opportunities of Literary Translation。
毕业论文外文翻译范例
外文原文(一)Savigny and his Anglo-American Disciple s*M. H. HoeflichFriedrich Carl von Savigny, nobleman, law reformer, champion of the revived German professoriate, and founder of the Historical School of jurisprudence, not only helped to revolutionize the study of law and legal institutions in Germany and in other civil law countries, but also exercised a profound influence on many of the most creative jurists and legal scholars in England and the United States. Nevertheless, tracing the influence of an individual is always a difficult task. It is especially difficult as regards Savigny and the approach to law and legal sources propounded by the Historical School. This difficulty arises, in part, because Savigny was not alone in adopting this approach. Hugo, for instance, espoused quite similar ideas in Germany; George Long echoed many of these concepts in England during the 1850s, and, of course, Sir Henry Sumner Maine also espoused many of these same concepts central to historical jurisprudence in England in the 1860s and 1870s. Thus, when one looks at the doctrinal writings of British and American jurists and legal scholars in the period before 1875, it is often impossible to say with any certainty that a particular idea which sounds very much the sort of thing that might, indeed, have been derived from Savigny's works, was, in fact, so derived. It is possible, nevertheless, to trace much of the influence of Savigny and his legal writings in the United States and in Great Britain during this period with some certainty because so great was his fame and so great was the respect accorded to his published work that explicit references to him and to his work abound in the doctrinal writing of this period, as well as in actual law cases in the courts. Thus, Max Gutzwiller, in his classic study Der einfluss Savignys auf die Entwicklung des International privatrechts, was able to show how Savigny's ideas on conflict of laws influenced such English and American scholars as Story, Phillimore, Burge, and Dicey. Similarly, Andreas Schwarz, in his "Einflusse Deutscher Zivilistik im Auslande," briefly sketched Savigny's influence upon John Austin, Frederick Pollock, and James Bryce. In this article I wish to examine Savigny's influence over a broader spectrum and to draw a picture of his general fame and reputation both in Britain and in the United States as the leading Romanist, legal historian, and German legal academic of his day. The picture of this Anglo-American respect accorded to Savigny and the historical school of jurisprudence which emerges from these sources is fascinating. It sheds light not only upon Savigny’s trans-channel, trans-Atlantic fame, but also upon the extraordinarily*M.H.Hoeflich, Savigny and his Anglo-American Disciples, American Journal of Comparative Law, vol.37, No.1, 1989.cosmopolitan outlook of many of the leading American and English jurists of the time. Of course, when one sets out to trace the influence of a particular individual and his work, it is necessary to demonstrate, if possible, precisely how knowledge of the man and his work was transmitted. In the case of Savigny and his work on Roman law and ideas of historical jurisprudence, there were three principal modes of transmission. First, there was the direct influence he exercised through his contacts with American lawyers and scholars. Second, there was the influence he exercised through his books. Third, there was the influence he exerted indirectly through intermediate scholars and their works. Let us examine each mode separately.I.INFLUENCE OF THE TRANSLATED WORKSWhile American and British interest in German legal scholarship was high in the antebellum period, the number of American and English jurists who could read German fluently was relatively low. Even those who borrowed from the Germans, for instance, Joseph Story, most often had to depend upon translations. It is thus quite important that Savigny’s works were amongst the most frequently translated into English, both in the United States and in Great Britain. His most influential early work, the Vom Beruf unserer Zeitfur Rechtsgeschichte und Gestzgebung, was translated into English by Abraham Hayward and published in London in 1831. Two years earlier the first volume of his History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages was translated by Cathcart and published in Edinburgh. In 1830, as well, a French translation was published at Paris. Sir Erskine Perry's translation of Savigny's Treatise on Possession was published in London in 1848. This was followed by Archibald Brown's epitome of the treatise on possession in 1872 and Rattigan's translation of the second volume of the System as Jural Relations or the Law of Persons in 1884. Guthrie published a translation of the seventh volume of the System as Private International Law at Edinburgh in 1869. Indeed, two English translations were even published in the far flung corners of the British Raj. A translation of the first volume of the System was published by William Holloway at Madras in 1867 and the volume on possession was translated by Kelleher and published at Calcutta in 1888. Thus, the determined English-speaking scholar had ample access to Savigny's works throughout the nineteenth century.Equally important for the dissemination of Savigny's ideas were those books and articles published in English that explained and analyzed his works. A number of these must have played an important role in this process. One of the earliest of these is John Reddie's Historical Notices of the Roman law and of the Progress of its Study in Germany, published at Edinburgh in 1826. Reddie was a noted Scots jurist and held the Gottingen J.U.D. The book, significantly, is dedicated to Gustav Hugo. It is of that genre known as an external history of Roman law-not so much a history of substantive Roman legal doctrine but rather a historyof Roman legal institutions and of the study of Roman law from antiquity through the nineteenth century. It is very much a polemic for the study of Roman law and for the Historical School. It imparts to the reader the excitement of Savigny and his followers about the study of law historically and it is clear that no reader of the work could possibly be left unmoved. It is, in short, the first work of public relations in English on behalf of Savigny and his ideas.Having mentioned Reddie's promotion of Savigny and the Historical School, it is important to understand the level of excitement with which things Roman and especially Roman law were greeted during this period. Many of the finest American jurists were attracted-to use Peter Stein's term-to Roman and Civil law, but attracted in a way that, at times, seems to have been more enthusiastic than intellectual. Similarly, Roman and Civil law excited much interest in Great Britain, as illustrated by the distinctly Roman influence to be found in the work of John Austin. The attraction of Roman and Civil law can be illustrated and best understood, perhaps, in the context of the publicity and excitement in the English-speaking world surrounding the discovery of the only complete manuscript of the classical Roman jurist Gaius' Institutes in Italy in 1816 by the ancient historian and German consul at Rome, B.G. Niebuhr. Niebuhr, the greatest ancient historian of his time, turned to Savigny for help with the Gaius manuscript (indeed, it was Savigny who recognized the manuscript for what it was) and, almost immediately, the books and journals-not just law journals by any means-were filled with accounts of the discovery, its importance to legal historical studies, and, of course, what it said. For instance, the second volume of the American Jurist contains a long article on the civil law by the scholarly Boston lawyer and classicist, John Pickering. The first quarter of the article is a gushing account of the discovery and first publication of the Gaius manuscript and a paean to Niebuhr and Savigny for their role in this. Similarly, in an article published in the London Law Magazine in 1829 on the civil law, the author contemptuously refers to a certain professor who continued to tell his students that the text of Gaius' Institutes was lost for all time. What could better show his ignorance of all things legal and literary than to be unaware of Niebuhr's great discovery?Another example of this reaction to the discovery of the Gaius palimpsest is to be found in David Irving's Introduction to the Study of the Civil Law. This volume is also more a history of Roman legal scholarship and sources than a study of substantive Roman law. Its pages are filled with references to Savigny's Geschichte and its approach clearly reflects the influence of the Historical School. Indeed, Irving speaks of Savigny's work as "one of the most remarkable productions of the age." He must have been truly impressed with German scholarship and must also have been able to convince the Faculty of Advocates, forwhom he was librarian, of the worth of German scholarship, for in 1820 the Faculty sent him to Gottingen so that he might study their law libraries. Irving devotes several pages of his elementary textbook on Roman law to the praise of the "remarkable" discovery of the Gaius palimpsest. He traces the discovery of the text by Niebuhr and Savigny in language that would have befitted an adventure tale. He elaborates on the various labors required to produce a new edition of the text and was particularly impressed by the use of a then new chemical process to make the under text of the palimpsest visible. He speaks of the reception of the new text as being greeted with "ardor and exultation" strong words for those who spend their lives amidst the "musty tomes" of the Roman law.This excitement over the Verona Gaius is really rather strange. Much of the substance of the Gaius text was already known to legal historians and civil lawyers from its incorporation into Justinian's Institutes and so, from a substantive legal perspective, the find was not crucial. The Gaius did provide new information on Roman procedural rules and it did also provide additional information for those scholars attempting to reconstruct pre-Justinianic Roman law. Nevertheless, these contributions alone seem hardly able to justify the excitement the discovery caused. Instead, I think that the Verona Gaius discovery simply hit a chord in the literary and legal community much the same as did the discovery of the Rosetta Stone or of Schliemann’s Troy. Here was a monument of a great civilization brought newly to light and able to be read for the first time in millenia. And just as the Rosetta Stone helped to establish the modern discipline of Egyptology and Schliemann's discoveries assured the development of classical archaeology as a modern academic discipline, the discovery of the Verona Gaius added to the attraction Roman law held for scholars and for lawyers, even amongst those who were not Romanists by profession. Ancillary to this, the discovery and publication of the Gaius manuscript also added to the fame of the two principals involved in the discovery, Niebuhr and Savigny. What this meant in the English-speaking world is that even those who could not or did not wish to read Savigny's technical works knew of him as one of the discoverers of the Gaius text. This fame itself may well have helped in spreading Savigny's legal and philosophical ideas, for, I would suggest, the Gaius "connection" may well have disposed people to read other of Savigny's writings, unconnected to the Gaius, because they were already familiar with his name.Another example of an English-speaking promoter of Savigny is Luther Stearns Cushing, a noted Boston lawyer who lectured on Roman law at the Harvard Law School in 1848-49 and again in 1851- 1852.Cushing published his lectures at Boston in 1854 under the title An Introduction to the Study of Roman Law. He devoted a full chapter to a description of the historical school and to the controversy betweenSavigny and Thibaut over codification. While Cushing attempted to portray fairly the arguments of both sides, he left no doubt as to his preference for Savigny's approach:The labors of the historical school have established an entirely new and distinct era in the study of the Roman jurisprudence; and though these writers cannot be said to have thrown their predecessors into the shade, it seems to be generally admitted, that almost every branch of the Roman law has received some important modification at their hands, and that a knowledge of their writings, to some extent, at least, is essentially necessary to its acquisition.译文(一)萨维尼和他的英美信徒们*M·H·豪弗里奇弗雷德里奇·卡尔·冯·萨维尼出身贵族,是一位出色的法律改革家,也是一位倡导重建德国教授协会的拥护者,还是历史法学派的创建人之一。
ChatGPT学术提问模板 论文翻译模板
模板一:中英文翻译及论文润色I want you to act as an English translator, spelling corrector and writing improver. I will speak to you in any language, and you will detect the language, translate it and answer in the corrected and improved version of my text, in English. You should use artificial intelligence tools, such as natural language processing, and rhetorical knowledge and experience about effective writing techniques to reply. I want you to replace my simplified A0-level words and sentences with more beautiful and elegant, upper-level English words and sentences. Keep the meaning same, but make them more logical, concise unpowerful want you to only reply the correction, the improvements and nothing else, do not write explanations. My first sentence/paragraph is "XXX".模板二:根据摘要和关键词生成论文题目I will provide you with the abstract and key words of a scientific paper in any language and you will detect the language and reply in the same language. Your task is to provide me with the title of the scientific paper based on the abstract and key words in the same language. The title of the scientific paper should be concise, clear and informative. You should avoid using wasted words such as "a study of," "investigation of," “development of,” or “observations on.” Make sure the title can grip the audience immediately. My abstract is "XXX". My key words are "XXX".模板三:论文期刊匹配I want you to act as a scientific manuscript matcher. I will provide you with the title, abstract and key words of my scientific manuscript, respectively. Your task is analyzing my title, abstract and key words synthetically to find the most related, reputable journals for potential publication of my research based on an analysis of tens of millions of citation connections in database, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and so on. You only need to provide me with the 15 most suitable journals. Your reply should include the name of journal, the corresponding match score (The full score is ten). I want you to reply in text-based excel sheet and sort by matching scores in reverse order. My title is "XXX". My abstract is "XXX". My key words are "XXX".模板四:精简文字I want you to act as a scientific refiner. I will provide you with a paragraph from a scientific paper. Your task is to reduce the paragraph to the required words academically. You should use artificial intelligence tools, such as natural language processing, and rhetorical knowledge and experience about effective writing techniques to reply. I want you to replace my simplified A0-level words and sentences with more beautiful and elegant, upper-level English words and sentences. Keep the meaning same, but make them more logical, concise, and powerful. My first paragraph is "XXX". Please refine the paragraph to100 words or less.。
论文英文翻译最终版
序号(学号):040940131长春光华学院毕业设计(论文)译文Electronic technique电子技术姓名盛遵义教学院电气信息学院专业电子信息工程班级电信09401指导教师张淑艳(讲师)2013 年04 月10 日┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊Electronic techniqueFrom the world of radio in the world to a single chip, modern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy。
Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems。
The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems。
radio has created generations of excellence in the world Fifties and sixties in the 20th century,the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio,wireless communications (telegraph),Amateur Radio, radio positioning,navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology。
4级英语翻译作文模板
4级英语翻译作文模板4-Level English Translation Template: A Comprehensive Guide to Master Translation。
Introduction。
Translation, the art of conveying meaning from one language to another, plays a vital role in communication, education, and cultural exchange. With the increasing globalization of the world, the demand for proficient translators has skyrocketed. To cater to this burgeoning need, a structured approach to translation has emerged, known as the 4-Level English Translation Template. This template provides a systematic framework for translators to follow, ensuring accuracy, consistency, and linguistic proficiency.Level 1: Surface Translation。
The first level of the template focuses on the literaltranslation of words and phrases, maintaining the original sentence structure. This stage involves understanding the basic meaning of the source text and reproducing it in the target language. While crucial for a foundational understanding, surface translation alone can lead to errors and inaccuracies due to cultural differences, idiomatic expressions, and linguistic subtleties.Level 2: Deep Comprehension。
本科毕业设计(论文)英文翻译模板
本科毕业设计(论文)英文翻译论文标题(中文)学院******姓名***专业*******班级**********大气探测2班学号*************** 大气探测、信处、两个专业填写电子信息工程。
生物医学工程、电子信息科学与技术、雷电防护科学与技术As its name implies, region growing is a procedure that groups pixels or subregions into larger regions based on predefined criteria. The basic approach is to start with a set of “seed ” points and from these grow regions by appending to each seed those gray level or color).be used to assignpixels to regions during the centroid of these clusters can be used as seeds.… … …左右手共面波导的建模与带通滤波器设计速发展之势,而它的出现却是源于上世纪本研究提出了一种新型混合左右手(CPW )的独特功能。
目前这种有效电长度为0°的新型混合左右手共面波导(CRLH CPW )谐振器正在兴起,这种谐振器工作在5GHz 时的体积比常规结构的谐振器缩减小49.1%。
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本科生毕业设计(论文)专业外文翻译原文:Magnesium alloy electric wheel hubmicro-arc oxidation production research 译文:镁合金电动车轮毂微弧氧化生产研究指导教师:张清郁职称:讲师学生姓名:陈孟丽学号:1002130301专业:机械设计制造及其自动化院(系):机电工程学院2015年4月10日Magnesium alloy electric wheel hub micro-arc oxidation production researchMost electric vehicles at home and abroad is configured to aluminum alloy wheel hub, its quality, energy saving, shock absorption, noise reduction and vehicle dynamics characteristics index is much lower than magnesium alloys. Magnesium alloy is 30% lighter than aluminum alloy, the damping effect is 30 times that of aluminum alloy. Replace the aluminum alloy with magnesium alloy wheel hub, driving the development of magnesium alloy material development and deep processing technology, to reduce electric vehicle weight and power consumption, energy conservation and environmental protection; To reduce vibration and noise; Improve ride comfort and electric vehicle dynamic characteristics such as objective (transportation quality each reduce 10%, energy consumption will be reduced 8% ~ 10%). But its corrosion resistance is poor, seriously limits the application. Commonly used chemical oxidation and anode oxidation formation of oxide film on magnesium alloy has certain protective effect, but its corrosion resistance, environmental friendliness, appearance is not satisfactory, be badly in need of the development of new surface treatment. In recent years, people trying to develop a variety of new technologies, such as micro arc oxidation technology, the betterOne Micro-arc oxidation mechanismMicro-arc oxidation technology is a new surface treatment technology of green environmental protection, can grow in light metal surface in situ ceramic layer directly. Its technological characteristics, surface treatment, as well as the performance of the since the technology was invented by the favour of people, its mechanism is to light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and its alloy put in electrolyte aqueous solution as anode, using the method of electrochemical spark discharge spots on the surface of the material, the thermal chemistry, plasma chemistry and electrochemistry, under the joint action of metal oxide ceramic layers of a surface modification technologyTwo research methods and technologyThis topic in the research on magnesium alloy electric wheel hub, higher requirements on the toughness of the alloy, so choose AM60B, melt and initial temperature of 468 ℃, the melting end temperature is 596 ℃, the liquidus temperature range of 165 ℃. The chemical composition as shown in table 1.Because of the magnesium alloy electric wheel hub surface area is larger, general above 0.4 m2, require micro-arc oxidation power supply is bigger, this subject adopts the lanzhou university of technology institute of materials and development of MAO - 300 type nc micro-arc oxidation production device (figure 1) micro-arc oxidation on magnesium alloy wheel casting processing, its similar to ordinary anodic oxidation equipment, including special high-voltage power supply, micro-arc oxidation alkaline solution of electrolytic tank, mixing system, cooling system, workpiece with stainless steel plate for peer electrode.With micro-arc oxidation method in sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide electrolyte fluid system in the preparation of magnesium alloy wheel casting oxide ceramic membrane, the concrete technological process first set oxidation process parameters and the alkaline tank sodium silicate solution, the cleaning after micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloy wheel casting into cell 15 ~ 20 min, clean with clear water tank 2 ~ 4 min, add hot water in hot water (80 ℃, 10 ~ 15 min), closed, then cool in the cold water tank 2 min, hoisted out drainage, drying, examine the hub. After micro-arc oxidation treatment must be closed by hot water, formed by micro-arc oxidation discharge holes so the distribution of the channel and the surrounding a large number of micro cracks will be closed, prevent oxygen to cause oxidation. After completion of micro-arc oxidation, from after micro-arc oxidation on magnesium alloy wheel casting intercept film sample were analyzed, and to facilitate test analysis, request samples made of circular plate, so the sample interception location choice among wheels, most is shown in figure 2. Using scanning electron microscope analysis of oxide filmFigure 1 MAO - 300 type nc micro-arc oxidation power supplyFigure 2 after micro-arc oxidation magnesium alloy wheel hub casting andinterception of membrane layer analysis sampleThree micro-arc oxidation process parameters on the quality of the film Based on the research of the sample and analysis of micro-arc oxidation technology is, in fact, the substrate magnesium magnesium oxide. Figure 3 for the dimension of samples before and after oxidation appearance schematic simulation, which is suitable for ceramic oxide film a outward growth, namely the increase of size part, b is the depth of the internal oxidation to the matrix, a and b interface for initial sample surface position, h for the total thickness of oxide film.Figure 3 samples dimension changes before and after micro-arc oxidation diagram Larger influence on test has a positive voltage, frequency, duty cycle, current density and oxidation time on the process parameters. Due to the electric casting of magnesium alloy surface area is larger, micro-arc oxidation micro-arc discharge must be formed in the surface can occur after a certain thickness of oxide film, so the formation of the oxide film is needed for the voltage doesn't need much, the current is larger, the oxide film formation and the process of thickening, often accompanied by current and voltage mutation. When the oxide film thickness reaches a certain degree, the need to increase the voltage on both ends of the workpiece, usually at around 150 V in the micro arc discharge between the workpiece and the electrolyte. Increased with the increase of voltage, current, micro-arc density is more and more close, more and more bright, and micro-arc constantly beating, basically, the current and voltage, linear increase about 180 V voltage, the density of micro-arc basically meet the technological requirements, the current growth slowly. When the thickness of oxide film reaches a certain electricityFrom electric casting magnesium alloys is not hard to find in the micro-arc oxidation test result analysis, micro-arc oxidation in the process can be divided into two steps, namely the oxide film formation stage and the stage of micro-arc oxidation film discharge, the formation of oxide film phase as the initial stage, the stage of the supply voltage is small, and after the film to produce micro-arc discharge requires high voltage, for magnesium alloy electric casting the large workpiece with micro-arc oxidation processing surface area is larger, the film for a long time, to a large extent affected the production efficiency.Experimental results also found that the dc power of oxide film faster than pulse power, in the absence of micro arc discharge, oxide film layer is not dense, it can be seenfrom appearance, need again with pulse power supply for micro-arc oxidation discharge, the oxide film become more dense. In order to improve the production efficiency, to meet the needs of industrial production, suggest early low voltage adjustable dc constant voltage power supply are available to set up the initial oxidation film, forming a complete insulation film in place to ensure that the first phase, and the oxide film in the late discharge can use digital pulse type adjustable power supply, it can shorten the artifacts of micro-arc oxidation time.The size of the current density in a certain extent reflects the intensity of micro-arc oxidation, strongly affect the resulting performance of the micro arc oxidation ceramic layer. The duration of oxidation also seriously affects the coating corrosion resistance: oxidation time is too short, although generated mainly the dense layer, but the film is too thin, don't have good corrosion resistance; After oxidation time is too long, at some time, with the increase of time, although the overall film thickness increases, but the increase is a loose layer, layer density and thinning trend, does not favor the coating corrosion resistance, also not economic. The density of micro arc also related with the pulse frequency, when the pulse frequency increases, the density of micro arc also gradually increased. Will have the electric field set up suddenly, can produce micro arc. In the basic process parameters such as electrolyte concentration, duty ratio and pulse number of uncertain, the arc voltage is constant commonly, so when the frequency increases, the sustain micro-arc voltage frequency increases, the micro-arc density will increaseFour micro-arc oxide film layer structure characteristicsAfter micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloy wheel hub interception by Mef3 large metallurgical microscope observation of the sample, the micro-arc oxide film surface morphology as shown in figure 4. Can be seen from the figure in the wheel hub surface layer is made up of many tiny "small volcanic cone" (figure protuberant part around the holes) in dendritic combination, constitute the mesh structure. "Small volcanic cone" center has a small hole, this is the electrolyte reaction with matrix micro-arc discharge channel, namely when the micro-arc spewed molten oxide channel. In addition, because the current micro area local plasma channel is different that differ by the size of the hole, big hole are also distributed around a large number of micro cracks, the generation of micro cracks often related to the stress that exist in the film. With SSM Analysis Analysis software [6] toanalyze the surface density, including 25 m film for sample, the hole surface area ratio of 18%, that of micro-arc oxidation film density is better.Figure 4 magnesium alloy wheel hub micro-arc oxide film layer surface morphologyFigure 5 AM60B magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation film section morphology by SEM Figure 5 is through JMS - 6700 - f field emission scanning electron microscopy (sem) observed the micro-arc oxide film layer section morphology photos. Figure 5 shows the average film thickness of about 22 (including m, the oxide film and substrate with good, decomposition of a distinct, density on the interface is good, no big holes. By figure 5 can also see, micro-arc oxide film by the outermost layer of loose layer, the inside of the transition layer and layer in between density of three parts, the transitional layer is the interface film layer and substrate, holes and other defects existing in the loose layer, dense layer is the key to improve its corrosion resistance.Figure 6 is obtained by Phlip X 'pert X-ray diffractometer AM60B magnesium alloy wheel hub of micro-arc oxidation film XRD spectrum, according to the intensity of diffraction peak accumulation analysis shows that the matrix of Mg peak relatively obvious, the main phase of micro-arc oxidation coating is cubic structure of MgO style, surface with Mg2Si2O4 and MgAl2O4 spinel phase, according to the test conditions that may also contain SiO2, MgF2 and small amounts of Mg (OH) 2, and the oxide of Al, K and Na. Studies have shown that MgAl2O4 and Mg2Si2O4 can improve the wear resistance of ceramic layer and MgO style the corrosion resistance of ceramic layer play a very important role. This is the micro-arc oxide film performance is higher than the root cause of the anode oxidation membrane performance. In addition, micro-arc oxidation ceramic layers of low porosity, and to improve the corrosion resistance of the coatings; Ceramic layer from the substrate on the growth, combined with matrix closely, therefore, is not easy to fall off. In addition, the technology can generate uniform film both inside and outside the material surface layer, expand the scope of application of micro-arc oxidation.Figure 6 AM60B magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation film XRD spectrumFive To detect the corrosion resistance of the micro-arc oxide film layer In order to meet the requirements of the use of electric cars, micro-arc oxidation on magnesium alloy electric wheel hub on the corrosion resistance test, salt spray testing machine mainly USES the WJ - 90 after micro-arc oxidation treatment of the surface of the wheel hub for salt spray test. After testing found that did not use hot water seal processing of the surface of the wheel hub 48 h corrosion rate was 0.108%, while only 0.073%, afterhot water hole sealing hubs such as chromium than other chemical surface treatment processing of low corrosion rate (0.6%). [9], that magnesium alloy after micro-arc oxidation electric wheel hub surface corrosion resistance is superior. To evaluate a rough check the appearance of the film, feel is very good, membrane layer uniform light show that membrane surface appearance level is higher. Practice shows that without the micro-arc oxidation of the surface of the magnesium alloy wheel casting coating, its poor corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, in a very short period of time, began to appear on the surface of parts oxidation falls off phenomenon, it is difficult to sell in the market; After micro-arc oxidation treatment, its corrosion resistance, wear-resisting performance is significantSix The conclusion(1) quality of micro-arc oxidation on magnesium alloy electric wheel hub surface influence factor has a positive voltage, frequency, duty cycle, current density and oxidation time on the process parameters. Optimum process parameters for 150 ~ 180 V voltage, current density of 1.1 A/dm2, oxidation time to 20 min, 400 Hz frequency, duty cycle of 20%.(2) the oxide film is divided into two layers of loose layer and dense layer structure, the dense layer is the main body, the film formed by cubic structure of MgO style, the surface is MgO style and MgA12O4, spinel phase mixture, and combined with matrix and closely for hard ceramic layer and played a key role of the magnesium alloy surface anticorrosion(3) the micro-arc oxidation technology for new surface treatment technology of environmental protection, but its large area needed for the magnesium alloy casting film for a long time, the production efficiency is low, the mass production to meet the large area of magnesium alloy castings, micro-arc oxidation power supply can be established by using dc power first initial oxidation film layer, then use pulse power arc discharge strengthening oxide film layer, the ways which are already so dense and hard ceramic oxide film layer can be obtained, also can greatly improve production efficiency.镁合金电动车轮毂微弧氧化生产研究国内外大多数电动车车辆配置为铝合金轮毂,其在质量、节能、减震、降噪和车辆动力学特性等指标大大低于镁合金。