用英语知识学习西班牙语
浅谈西班牙语语音教学阶段英语的辅助作用
在西班牙语 方面 ,拉美 地区各个 国家特色发音 也渐露头
角 , 但 是 相 信 在 可 预 见 的 将 来 ,英 语 的 “ 标 准 发 音 ”和 “ 伊 比利 亚 西 班 牙 语 发 音 ” 的重 要 性 仍 旧举 足 轻 重 。 此 外 ,还 有 一 个 细 节 需 要 解 释 。 根 据 西 班 牙 皇 家 语 言学 院 1 9 9 4年 的 规 定 , 取 消 了 C H和 L L 作 为 字 母 的 身 份 ,而是 分别当做字母 C + H以及字母 L + L的辅音搭配使 用 ,但是 因为 C H和 L L有 着 与 C + H和 L + L完 全 不 同 的
浅谈西班牙语语音教学阶段英语的辅助作用
口 徐伊雯
上 海外 国语大贤达经济人文学院
l 摘 要】我 国专 业西班牙语 的教 学主要是在高校进行 ,针对 的学生基本 都 已经有 了1 0 年 学习英语 的经历 ,因 此 即使 选 择 新 的 语 言 作 为 专 业 ,也 很 少 有人 愿 意 放 弃 英 语 。于 是 西语 专 业 的 学 生 同 时学 习两 门外 语 对 他 们 来 说 是 一 大 挑 战 。 英 语 和 西 班 牙语 同 属 印 欧 语 系 ,所 以英 语 与西 语 的 相 似 度 其 实 远 远 大 干 属 汉 藏 语 系 的 中 文 与
独立发音 ,为 了方便 讲解 ,不 管在 论文 中还 是在 实际教 学 中 ,我 都 是 把 它 们 和 其 他 西 班 牙 语 字 母 都 归 类 为 “ 字
母” ,分 别 放 在 字 母 C和 L之 后 进 行 分 析 。
5 9
目 英 语 在 西 班 牙 语 语 音 教 学 中 的 运 用
园 写 在 正 文 之 前
零基础自学西班牙语一定要这样做
曾经某旅游公司的西班牙导游翻译,到现在定居西班牙工作的纯中国女人,来说说我的方法~~~在职导游的时候,旅游团里的家长基本上都是借着国外旅游的名义考察当地情况,然后让自己的孩子出国留学,从而镀上一层留学生的名称好找工作,所以一大部分的家长都询问过我如何学好西语这个问题,同时这也是准备学习西语的一大困扰!有一说一,西班牙语是真的很简单,只要认识英语的26个字母和会拼写拼音就算完成了西语学习的三分之一,根本没有大家想象的那么难。
无非就是从听西语的发音开始、然后认识西班牙单词、学习西班牙语法以及流利的说出一口西班牙语的过程。
说几点我最反感的西语的学习方式,一是刚一上来就买一大堆的书和花大几千大洋报的机构班,开始信心满满的准备好笔记本开始学习,然后就被花里胡哨的大舌音给绊住了手脚,又被变态的语法变位给实名劝退……废话也就不多说了,说下我当时自学西语解决学习困难的学习方法。
【听】——学习发音听音学词,可以回想一下,我们小时候刚开始学说话的时候,就是父母一字一句的教我们说‘爸爸’、‘妈妈’,而我们孩童时期也是依靠父母的口型以及发音,才说出了第一句话,那么学习西语也是同样的原理,先依葫芦画瓢,在重点学习怎样运用。
我在自学时,主要是听陆雁西班牙语课和看西班牙的经典儿童启蒙动画片学习基础的发音和语法,陆雁适合基础小白的入门学习。
因为当时自学的我就如同刚刚开始学说话的板鸭4-6岁儿童,需要老师帮助我先掌握一些基础的发音和语法,再看一些小朋友看的动画片学习巩固一下语法的运用。
例如我刚开始学习时分不清字母Nn,Ññ的发音,还有重音标志的字母á、é、í、ó和ú的发音,这些都和英语的发音不一样,所以导致我经常性的出现发音卡壳以及发错。
而陆雁老师就嘴把嘴的教我从舌尖、气流和口腔的相互制约,从而发出一声标准的发音,我也会根据老师讲解的生活常识小短句学到一些简单的语法,然后在看动画片的时候我就会把学习的语法与动画片中的句子相互结合,从而实现语法的运用自由。
英语正迁移在西班牙语学习中的应用
- 199 -校园英语 / 语言文化研究【摘要】根据语言迁移理论,一个人已习得的语言会对其新语言的学习产生迁移影响。
西班牙语和英语是两种语言类型距离较近的语言,对于已习得英语的中国的西班牙语学习者来说,在学习三语即西班牙语的过程中,尤其是在初级阶段,很容易发生二语即英语对目标语的迁移。
本文借用语言迁移理论,从语音、词汇和语法三个方面,宏观概述并举例说明英语对西班牙语学习的正迁移影响。
【关键词】正迁移 英语 西班牙语一、语言迁移理论美国语言学家Odlin 在其1989年出版的学术专著《语言迁移:语言学习的语际影响》中如是解释:迁移是目标语和其他任何已经习得(和可能尚未完全习得)的语言之间的共性或差异性所造成的影响。
在2008年,Jarvis & Pavlenko 两位学者共同出版了《语言与认知的语际影响》,他们用更为简洁的方式对语言迁移做了如下定义:一个人关于一种语言的知识对他另一种语言的知识或使用产生的影响。
从迁移的影响效果来看,语言迁移分为两种:正迁移、负迁移。
正迁移,即已习得语言与目标语之间的相似性能够促进目标语的学习。
相反,如果已习得语言对目标语的学习产生障碍,则是负迁移。
二、英语对西班牙语学习的正迁移Williams&Hammbarberg(1998)的研究结果表明,学习者在三语产出的过程中,第二语言比第一语言更容易被激活。
Hammarberg 认为,所有非母语语言在多语学习者脑中存储在一起,与母语存储在不同的地方,因此二语比母语提取更快,对三语的影响比母语更大。
语言研究表明,母语、第二语言同时对三语习得产生影响。
母语多为隐性的,而第二语言则为显性迁移。
根据以上研究结论,对于学习西班牙语的中国学生来说,已习得的第二语言英语,会比其第一语言即母语汉语,更容易对西班牙语的学习产生迁移。
另外,英语和西班牙语都属于印欧语系,在字母、发音、词汇和语法等方面,有很多相似之处。
Cenoz(2003)对母语西班牙语、二语巴斯克语和三语英语的学习者进行了研究,发现学习者的母语西班牙语和目标语英语非常相近,很容易发生正迁移。
西班牙语5000词(西英对照)
Articleel, la theun a, anConjunctionque that, whichy andcomo like, aspero but, yet, excepto orsi if, whetherpor que becausecuando whenni not even, neither, nor donde wherepues then, well thensino but, except, rather aunque although, even though mientras while, whereas, as long as mas but, however InterjectionAh ohay oh no!, oh my!eh ehoh ohhola hello, hiNumberDos twoUno oneTres threeCuatro fourMil thousandCinco fiveCiento hundredDiez tenSeis sixSiete sevenOcho eightMillón million, fortune Veinte twentyTreinta thirtycincuenta fiftynueve ninedoce twelvecuarenta fortyquince fifteensesenta sixtyonce elevensetenta seventytrece thirteenochenta eightycatorce fourteencero zero, naught, nil veinticinco twenty-five doscientos two hundred dieciocho eighteendieciséis sixteenveinticuatro twenty-four trescientos three hundred noventa ninetyquinientos five hundred diecisiete seventeenveintidós twenty-two PrepositionDe of, fromA to, atEn in, onPor by, for, throughcon withpara for, to, in order tosin withoutsobre on top of, over, about hasta until, up to, even (ADV)entre between, amongdesde from, sincehacia toward, towardscontra against, oppositebajo under, underneathante before, in the presence of según according totras after, behindmediante by means ofexcepto except (for)Pronounse[“reflexive” marker]le[rd person] (indir obj)lo[rd person] (dir obj-m)la[rd person] (dir obj-f)me me (obj)él he, [ellos] them (m)quéwhat?, which?, how (+ ADJ)! yo I (subj)eso that (n)nos us (obj)ella she, [ellas] them (f)nada nothing, (not) at allalgo something, somewhatesto this (n)te you (obj/+fam)quien who, whomcual which, who, whoméste this one (m), [ésta (f)] nosotros we (subj)nadie nobody, anybodyusted you (subj/-fam)quién who?, whom?ello it (subj-n)míme (obj prep)cuál which?Alguien somebody, someone, anyone suyo his, hers, yours (-fam), theirs túyou (subj-sg/+fam)aquello that over there (n)ése that one (m), [ésa (f)]mío mineos you (obj-pl/+fam)aquél that one over there (m)ti you (obj prep-sg/+fam) conmigo with metuyo yours (sg/+fam)contigo with youvos you (subj-sg/+fam) vosotros you (subj-pl/+fam)AdverbNo noya already, stillmuy very, reallytambién alsoasílike thatsíyesbien wellentonces so, thentan such, as, too, soahora nowdespués aftersiempre always, foreversólo only, justantes beforecómo how?aquíhereluego later, afterwardscasi almost, nearlydurante during, for (time)nunca never, everademás also, as well, besideshoy today, nowadaysallíthere, over there dentro insideahítheretodavía still, yettampoco neither, nor, eitheraún still, yetincluso including, even (ADV) quizás perhaps, maybemal badlyalláthere, over there solamente onlybueno well…través a través: across, over, through junto together with, next to cerca close, nearpronto soon, quickrealmente really, actually, in factdónde where?encima above, on top, in addition fuera out, outside, awaylejos far (away, off)claro of course, clearlyatrás back, behind, ago adelante forward, furtherarriba up, abovealrededor about, around, round precisamente preciselyapenas hardly, barely simplemente simply, justsiquiera even (if)abajo down, below, downward totalmente totally, completely especialmente especiallydetrás behindfinalmente finally, at lastjamás neverdebajo underneath, below aun even (though), still perfectamente perfectlyrecién recently, justpeor worse completamente completely inmediatamente immediatelydelante(in) front (of), ahead justo justsalvo except (for), but directamente directly, straight away probablemente probably exactamente exactly seguramente surely, securelyrápidamente rapidly, quicklytarde lateacaso by chance, maybeprácticamente practicallyayer yesterday absolutamente absolutely, completely cuándo when?mañana tomorrowacerca about, concerning aparte apart, aside, separately definitivamente definitely, finally profundamente profoundly, deeply verdaderamente trulyúnicamente onlyigualmente equally nuevamente anew, again generalmente generally, usually claramente clearlyjustamente just, exactly naturalmente naturally efectivamente in fact, actually, indeedfácilmente easily evidentemente evidently, obviously exclusivamente exclusivelycuando when suficientemente enough aparentemente apparentlyafuera outside constantemente constantlymenudo a menudo:often personalmente personally lentamente slowly posiblemente possiblyadentro insiderepente de + repente: suddenly normalmente normally principalmente principally, mainlyacáhere, around here aproximadamente approximately necesariamente necessarily plenamente fully sencillamente simply actualmente now, at present sumamente extremely, highly posteriormente afterwardsúltimamente lately, recently relativamente relativelyenfrente in front (of) continuamente continuously estrictamente strictly particularmente particularly, personally fundamentalmente fundamentally enseguida immediately, at once afortunadamente luckily, fortunately anteriormente previously recientemente recently puramente purely, simplyciertamente certainly, indeed libremente freelyseguida en seguida:right away, at once previamente previously francamente frankly, openly ligeramente slightly, lightlyojaláI hope that propiamente exactly, properly seriamente seriously habitualmente habitually tranquilamente calmly, peacefullydifícilmente with difficulty desgraciadamente unfortunatelyautomáticamente automatically indudablemente doubtless, undoubtedly anoche last night sucesivamente successively, step by step permanentemente permanently concretamente specifically, exactly curiosamente strangely, funnily enough lógicamente logicallyasimismo as well, also, moreover diariamente dailyexcesivamente excessivelyinclusive including, even sinceramente sincerelyantemano beforehand, in advance simultáneamente simultaneously enormemente enormously literalmente literally frecuentemente frequently, often fuertemente stronglyenteramente completely, entirely cuidadosamente carefullyobviamente obviously inevitablemente inevitablyfísicamente physicallybásicamente basically intensamente intensely suavemente softly lamentablemente regrettablyantaño in days gone by, last year adónde to where? Extraordinariamente extraordinarilyíntimamente intimately mutuamente mutually, each other correctamente correctly independientemente independently altamente highly supuestamente supposedly, allegedly ampliamente widelyadonde to where decididamente decidedly, decisively bruscamente quickly, sharply violentamente violently radicalmente radicallyespecíficamente specifically extremadamente extremely oficialmente officiallybrevemente briefly esencialmente essentially abiertamente openly tradicionalmente traditionally firmemente firmlyespontáneamente spontaneouslyeconómicamente economically duramente harshly, severelypúblicamente publicly, in public largamente for a long time, at length voluntariamente voluntarily parcialmente partially debidamente properly, dulyviceversa vice versa inicialmente initially terriblemente terribly mentalmente mentally。
西班牙语学习技巧+西班牙语法
西班牙语学习技巧西班牙语没有英语这么复杂的发音规则。
他几乎每一个字母都只有一个特定的音,我举个例子,a这个字母无论何时都发“阿”这个音,e发“唉”(口型小点,跟英语里的e差不多)。
西班牙语只有一个音是比较难发的,那就是r这个字母,他发的是大舌颤音,其实,西班牙语最难得不是他的发音,而是他的语法和动词变位。
你一学就知道了,背的东西太多。
还有,他的语速不是一般的快,你要做好心理准备,和英语不是一个数量级的!!我建议你最好提前买一本西班牙语看看,因为它比英语难学的多的多。
初学西班牙语必读1.西班牙语属于拉丁语系,比英语要科学,是不要音标的拼音文字,掌握发音规则后就能够”见词发音”。
短短的入门,学的好,就可以地道流利地读出所有的西班牙文章,这是第一关!西班牙谚语中把最难做的事情比做”学汉语”,可见有中文水平的人学西班牙不是成了最容易的事了?2.西班牙语的小舌音,卷舌连续抖动的r、rr是中国人的难点,窍门有三。
一、发音前多加上“德拉”;二、利用漱口的时候,多延时5分钟——“嘟鲁鲁”;三、坚持2-4周利用上下班和无人的时候,练习卷舌,以上三点定会让你有“西班牙”味!还有些音是要声带镇动的,要注意!3.掌握西班牙语动词的变位也是个要死记硬背,熟能生巧的活!他的变化是为了口语交流中大量的省略主语,口语的方便带来的动词变位头痛是每一个有志学好西班牙语的人要克服的难关。
有人说:“流利地读,熟练变位”掌握好了,西班牙语就学会了一半啊!初学者就没有白学!你也知道了重点在哪里了,可以集中精力去攻哪一块了。
4.有点英语基础的人,会发现西班牙语单词在多数主要单词词干上非常接近,这样大家学习起来又省了些劲!5.学习任何外国语,要以模仿开口为优先,背会一句就应用一句,这样就算掌握了。
不要,先纠语法一堆,就是不敢开口!讲错了,因为你是外国人,别人的背景比你大,所以人家仍然能听懂你,就象外国人讲汉语,即使很不准,你也能听懂,搞明白,会原谅他的不标准的。
浅论母语和英语在第三语言西班牙语学习中产生的影响
浅论母语和英语在第三语言西班牙语学习中产生的影响作者:吴莹张晓娟李大艳来源:《青年文学家》2014年第33期摘 ;要:在外语的学习中,母语对目标语言的影响是显而易见的,也是研究者们一直探讨的问题。
笔者就自己的教学经验和经历就这一问题作一分析,探讨母语、英语和第三语言学习之间的相互影响。
关键词:正迁移;负迁移;语言环境[中图分类号]: H08 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2014)-33--01笔者从事英语基础教学和研究工作,有一段时间在一西语国家进修,因此有机会在有一定英语的基础上,重新学习一门语言,在这其间也接触了不少中国留学生,通过这段时间的学习和观察,更多的体会出语言之间的影响对语言学习的重要意义,借此在这篇文章里稍作小结。
一、在所学语言的环境下,更容易“进入”该语言笔者和中国留学生最初的留学生活是从比比划划开始的,主要是因为当时的学习环境,除了学生周围的教职工都是当地人,从最初的课堂开始就进入西语世界,没有中文,没有翻译,但现状是很快就会有学生开始尝试用新的语言交流,而最初学习的基本交际语言也出现在图书馆、饭堂等日常生活地点。
语言交流带来的满足、实现感成了很好的动力,当学生发现自己简单的交流得到当地人的回馈,自己也从中可以受益时,比如出门不必担心不会问路,购物也没有了大的障碍,可以简单的表达自己的情绪、情感等等,自然而然地他的学习主动性就会自发的高涨起来,从而形成了良性循环。
在这里不可忽视的是语言环境。
具备良好的语言环境是快速掌握一门外语的重要原因,有真切的情境,耳边听到的是真实场景下的语言,即使不是很明白,但也给后面的学习打下了良好的基础,次数多了,自然逐渐明了,而且面对面交流会有很多的辅助帮助,比如肢体语言,这也是为什么我们经常强调语言环境的原因,是在真正的语言环境学习掌握该语言的巨大优势。
二、母语、第二语言和第三语言的相互影响对大多数中国学生而言,英语是第二语言,那在西班牙语这一第三语言的学习中母语和英语都或多或少相互产生了影响。
西班牙语初学者必看:西语29个字母解读
西班牙语共有29个字母,其中5个元音字母(a,e,i,o,u),24个辅音字母(b,c,ch,d,f,g,h,j,k,ll,m,n,?,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z)。
其中西班牙科学院在1998年取消了ch 和 ll 两个字母,尽管如此,在我们使用的字典里大多数还是把以ch 和 ll开头的单词以这两个“字母”为首单独列出来的,这对于初用西班牙语字典的人来说还是要注意和适应的。
A a 英语art(艺术)中的aB b 英语中的b和v之间较v略强些C c 在e或i之前读英语Martha(马撒)中的th,此外读car(小汽车)中的cCH ch 英语chart(海图)中的chD d 词头和在l,n的后边,d;在别的地方,略重于breathe(呼吸)中的thE e 英语ale(淡啤酒)中的F f 英语中的fG g 在e或i之前,读有力的发音k,h;此外.读gate(大门)中的gH h 在纯正西班牙语中不发音I i 英语he(他)中的eJ j 英语中的h,强烈送气K k 英语中的K,仅用于外来词L l 英语中的lLL ll 英语million(百万)中的llioM m 英语中的mN n 英语中的n? ? 英语onion(洋葱)中的niO o 英语force(力量)中的orP p 英语中的pQ q 英语quart(夸脱)中的qR r 在词首,发音同rr;此外,英语wary(谨慎)中的颤音RR rr 俄语中的p,有力的卷舌音S s 英语see(看见)中的sT t 英语中的dU u 英语boot(靴子)中的ooV v 英语中的b和v之间较v略强些W w 英语中的w,仅用于外来词X x 英语exle(轴)中的xY y 英语he(他)中的e;词头yet(还)中的yZ z 英语Martha(马撒)中的th注:ü,英语中的oo,它在类似字母组合的güe(如Vergüenza)也要单独发音.以上的发音也不是完全标准的,但对于西班牙语初学者,为方便大家学习所以采用了英语的发音规则解释。
英语语法基础知识 → 西班牙语语法基础知识
英语语法基础知识→ 西班牙语语法基础
知识
介绍
这份文档将介绍英语语法基础知识以及其在西班牙语中的应用。
它将帮助你了解基本的语法规则和结构,使你能够更好地研究西班
牙语。
名词
- 英语中的名词表示人、事物、地点或概念。
它们在句子中常
常用作主语、宾语或介词的对象。
例如:dog(狗)、book(书)。
- 在西班牙语中,名词的性别是非常重要的。
名词可分为阳性
和阴性,这会影响其后面的形容词和冠词的形式。
例如:el perro
(阴性的狗)、la casa(阴性的房子)。
动词
- 英语中的动词用于表示动作、状态或存在。
它们可以根据时态、人称和数进行变化。
例如:run(跑)、eat(吃)。
词序
- 在英语中,通常的词序是主语-动词-宾语。
例如:She reads a book(她读一本书)。
- 在西班牙语中,词序可能会有所不同。
它可以是主语-动词-宾语,也可以是动词-主语-宾语。
例如:Ella lee un libro(她读一本书)。
时态
- 英语中的时态用于表示动作的时间。
常见的时态包括现在时、过去时和将来时。
例如:I am reading(我正在读书)。
- 西班牙语中也有相似的时态,用于表示动作的时间。
例如:Estoy leyendo(我正在读书)。
结论
本文档提供了英语语法基础知识,并将其应用于西班牙语。
希
望通过了解这些基本的语法规则和结构,你能够更好地学习和理解
西班牙语。
《走遍西班牙》学习笔记1~3课
(一)先来啰嗦几句,我觉得吧,西班牙语是相对于英语来说更严谨的一种语言,之所以这样说主要体现在如下几个方面:1.所有的名词均分为阴阳性(怎么觉得有点中华太极的感觉,一切讲究阴阳平衡),基本上以o结尾的为阳性,而以a结尾的为阴性,修饰名词的形容词要根据名词来变性,2.动词需要根据主语的人称来进行相应变化,西班牙语中共有这样六组人称代词:1.我2.你3.他,她,它,您4.我们5.你们6.他们,她们,它们,您们,既然代词共有六组,那么相应的动词也同样需要6种变化,西班牙语中称之为动词变位。
3.西语的字母发音相对比较单一,因此,我们可以通过单词字母的组成结构,读出其发音。
发音这里我就不讲了,反正那个r和rr我到现在也发不好。
西班牙语发音快速入门mp3 迅雷下载地址“[url]/UploadSoft/?[/url]÷°à?àó?·¢ò??ì?ùè???.rar”下面是我自己整理的笔记Lección 1?cómo te llamas?你叫什么名字?HC。
居然把那个本该倒着写的问号正过来了。
下面的被改了1.西语的问句中有两个问号,问句前一个倒问号,问句结束后才是一个正问号。
?2.不光问句如此,感叹句也是由两个感叹号组成,和问句一样,前面一个倒过来的感叹号,结束时是一个正的感叹号,如:!Qué lástima!(再说一次,开头那个要倒着写才对)3.让大伙看不习惯的还有单词的小尾巴′,这个是西语中的重音符号.通常疑问词都有重音,比如标题里的cómo ,有重音时代表怎么样, 为什么, 多么,没有重音的como则代表吃饭, 消耗, 使褪色。
疑问句(一)-?cómo(怎么) te llamas?你叫什么名字?-Me llamo Ernesto. 我叫埃尔内斯托-?De dónde(哪里) eres?你是哪里人?-Soy china.我是中国人注意:表示国籍有两种说法:1,ser+国籍 soy peruano(adj.) 我是秘鲁人; 2,ser de + 地点 soy de París(n.)我是巴黎人-?cuánto(多少) a?os tienes?你多大了?-Tengo 20 a?os.我二十岁-?A qué(什么) te dedicas?你是干什么的?-Soy estudiante.我是学生-?Qué lengua hablas?你讲什么语言?-Habla chino 我说汉语 / Habla un poco espa?ol 我讲一点点西班牙语不知道大家注意到没有,“?cómo te llamas?你叫什么名字?-Me llamo Ernesto. 我叫埃尔内斯托”这句中,有llamas 也有 llamo,其实这是同一个单词在不同人称代词下的变化,也就是开头所说,西班牙语中共有这样六组人称代词:1.我2.你3.他,她,它,您4.我们5.你们6.他们,她们,它们,您们,既然代词共有六组,那么相应的动词也同样需要6种变化,西班牙语中称之为动词变位。
汉语和英语在西班牙语语音教学阶段的迁移迁移作用影响下 中国学生学习西班牙语语音的易 难点总结
3、培养学生的语感:为了提高学生的语音水平,教师可以鼓励学生在课堂 上多听、多说、多模仿。通过大量的听力练习和口语交流,培养学生的语感和语 音节奏。此外,还可以组织小组讨论、角色扮演等活动,让学生在真实的语境中 学习和运用西班牙语。
Hale Waihona Puke 4、注重文化差异:了解西班牙语国家的文化对于学习西班牙语语音也很有 帮助。教师可以引导学生了解西班牙语国家的文化、历史、风俗习惯等,以便更 好地理解语言背后的含义和语境。
在词汇和语法方面,汉语和英语的迁移作用也有所体现。在词汇上,由于西 班牙语和英语有很多共同词汇,因此英语的正迁移作用较为明显。然而,学生在 学习过程中可能会受到汉语的影响,将一些汉语词汇错误地翻译成西班牙语。在 语法上,虽然西班牙语和英语在很多方面相似,但也有一些关键差异,如动词时 态、人称等,这些都需要学生在学习过程中特别注意。
汉语和英语在西班牙语语音教 学阶段的迁移——迁移作用影 响下,中国学生学习西班牙语语
音的易、难点总结
基本内容
汉语和英语在西班牙语语音教学阶段的迁移作用及中国学生的学习挑战
随着全球化的推进,学习一门外语对于许多人来说变得越来越重要。西班牙 语作为世界上使用人数最多的一种语言,其语音学习受到广泛。在中国,由于汉 语和英语的影响,学生在学习西班牙语语音时可能会遇到一些挑战。本次演示将 从迁移作用的视角出发,探讨汉语和英语对学习西班牙语语音的影响,并总结中 国学生在学习过程中的易难点。
中国学生在学习西班牙语语音时,可能会遇到一些易难点。易点方面,由于 西班牙语和英语有许多共同之处,中国学生在学习过程中可能较容易掌握发音和 语法规则。难点方面,汉语和西班牙语在发音、词汇和语法上的差异可能给中国 学生带来较大挑战。此外,学生对西班牙语的熟练程度也是影响其学习效果的一 个重要因素。
西班牙语500个常用动词(英语解释)
500 most used Spanish verbs1. abatir - to knock down, to overthrow, to throw down2. abrasar - to burn, to set on fire3. abrazar - to embrace, to hug; to clamp4. abrir - to open5. absolver - to absolve, to acquit6. abstenerse - to abstain7. aburrir - to annoy, to bore, to vex8. aburrirse - to be bored, to grow tired, to grow weary9. acabar - to finish, to end, to complete10. acelerar - to accelerate, to speed, to hasten, to hurry11. aceptar - to accept12. acercar - to bring near, to place near13. acercarse - to approach, to draw near14. acertar - to hit the mark, to hit upon, to do (something) right, to succeed in, to guess right15. aclamar - to acclaim, to applaud, to shout, to hail16. aclarar - to explain, to clarify, to make clear, to rinse, to clear17. acompañar - to accompany, to escort, to go with, to keep company18. aconsejar - to advise, to counsel19. acordar - to agree (upon)20. acordarse - to remember21. acostarse - to go to bed, to lie down22. acostumbrar - to be accustomed23. acuchillar - to knife, to cut, to flash, to cut open24. acudir - to attend, to be present frequently, to respond (to a call), to come to the rescue25. acusar - to accuse26. adelantar - to advance, to keep on, to progress, to go ahead27. adelantarse - to go forward, to go ahead, to move ahead, to take the lead28. adivinar - to divine, to foretell, to guess29. admirar - to admire30. admitir - to admit, to grant, to permit31. adoptar - to adopt32. adorar - to adore, to worship33. adquirir - to acquire, to get, to obtain34. advertir - to advise, to give notice, to give warning, to take notice of, to warn35. afeitarse - to shave oneself36. agarrar - to grasp, to obtain, to seize, to catch, to clutch, to come upon37. agitar - to agitate, to wave, to shake up, to stir38. agotar - to exhaust, to use up39. agradar - to please, to be pleasing40. agradecer - to thank, to be thankful for41. agrandar - to enlarge, to grow larger, to increase42. agravar - to aggravate, to make worse43. agregar - to add, to collect, to gather, to aggregate, to collate44. agrupar - to group45. aguardar - to expect, to wait for46. ahorrar - to economize, to save47. alcanzar - to reach, to overtake48. alegrarse - to be glad, to rejoice49. almorzar - to lunch, to have lunch50. alquilar - to hire, to rent51. alumbrar - to illuminate, to light, to enlighten52. alumbrarse - to be (get) high, to get tipsy, to become lively (from liquor)53. alzar - to heave, to lift, to pick up, to raise (prices)54. amar - to love55. añadir - to add56. andar - to walk57. anunciar - to announce, to foretell, to proclaim58. apagar - to put out (flame, fire), to extinguish, to turn off (flame, fire, light)59. aparecer - to appear, to show up60. aplaudir - to applaud61. apoderarse - to take power, to take possession62. apreciar - to appreciate, to appraise, to esteem63. aprender - to learn64. apresurarse - to hasten, to hurry, to rush65. aprobar - to approve, to pass a test66. aprovecharse - to take advantage, to avail oneself67. apurarse - to fret, to grieve, to worry68. arrancar - to root up (out), to pull up (out), to tear off (away), to snatch69. arreglar - to fix, to arrange, to adjust, to regulate, to settle, to repair70. arrojar - to fling, to hurl, to throw71. articular - to articulate, to pronounce distinctly72. asegurar - to assure, to affirm, to assert, to insure73. asir - to seize, to grasp74. asistir - to attend, to assist, to be present75. asustarse - to be frightened, to be scared76. atacar - to attack77. atenerse - to rely on, to depend on78. atraer - to attract, to allure, to charm79. atravesar - to cross, to go through, to run through80. atreverse - to dare, to venture81. avanzar - to advance82. averiguar - to find out, to inquire, to investigate83. ayudar - to help, to aid, to assist84. bailar - to dance85. bajar - to lower, to let down, to come down, to go down, to descend86. balbucear - to stammer, to hesitate in speech87. bañarse - to bathe oneself, to take a bath88. barrer - to sweep, to whisk89. bastar - to be enough, to be sufficient, to suffice90. bautizar - to baptize, to christen91. beber - to drink92. bendecir - to bless, to consecrate93. borrar - to erase, to cross out94. bostezar - to yawn, to gape95. botar - to fling, to cast (away), to throw (away), to launch96. broncear - to bronze, to tan97. bullir - to boil, to bustle, to hustle, to stir98. burlarse - to make fun of, to poke fun at, to ridicule99. buscar - to look for, to seek100. caber - to be contained, to fit into101. caer - to fall102. caerse - to fall, to fall down, to tumble103. calentar - to heat (up), to warm (up)104. callarse - to be silent, to keep quiet105. calzar - to shoe, to wear (shoes), to put on (shoes)106. cambiar - to change107. caminar - to walk, to move along108. cansarse - to become tired, to become weary, to get tired 109. cantar - to sing110. caracterizar - to characterize111. cargar - to load, to burden112. casarse - to get married, to marry113. celebrar - to celebrate114. cenar - to have supper, to eat supper115. cepillar - to brush116. cerrar - to close117. certificar - to certify, to register (a letter), to attest118. charlar - to chat, to prattle119. chistar - to mumble, to mutter120. chupar - to suck121. cocinar - to cook122. coger - to seize, to take, to grasp, to grab, to catch123. colegir - to collect124. colgar - to hang (up)125. colocar - to put, to place126. comenzar - to begin, to commence, to start127. comer - to eat128. componer - to compose129. comprar - to buy, to purchase130. comprender - to understand131. conducir - to lead, to conduct, to drive132. confesar - to confess133. conocer - to know, to be acquainted with134. conseguir - to attain, to get, to obtain135. constituir - to constitute, to make up136. construir - to construct, to build137. contar - to count, to relate, to tell138. contener - to contain, to hold139. contestar - to answer, to reply140. continuar - to continue141. contribuir - to contribute142. convencer - to convince143. convenir - to agree, to convene144. convertir - to convert145. convocar - to call together, to convene, to convoke, to summon 146. corregir - to correct147. correr - to run, to race, to flow148. cortar - to cut, to cut off, to cut out149. costar - to cost150. crecer - to grow151. creer - to believe152. criar - to breed, to raise, to bring up (rear)153. cruzar - to cross154. cubrir - to cover155. cuidarse - to take care of oneself156. cumplir - to fulfill, to keep (a promise), to reach one's birthday (use with años)157. dar - to give158. deber - to owe, must, ought159. decidir - to decide160. decir - to say, to tell161. declarar - to declare162. dedicarse - to devote oneself163. defender - to defend164. dejar - to let, to permit, to allow, to leave165. delinquir - to be delinquent, to violate the law166. demostrar - to demonstrate, to prove167. denunciar - to denounce168. depender - to depend169. derribar - to knock down, to overthrow, to tear down, to throw down170. desayunarse - to breakfast, to have breakfast171. descansar - to rest172. describir - to describe, to delineate173. descubrir - to discover174. desear - to desire, to wish, to want175. desempeñar - to play (a part), to act (a part), to discharge, to perform (a duty), to take out of pawn176. deshacer - to undo, to destroy, to take apart177. despedirse - to take leave of, to say good-bye to178. despegar - to detach, to unglue, to unstuck, to take off (airplane) 179. desperezarse - to stretch oneself, to stretch one's arms and legs 180. despertarse - to wake up oneself181. destruir - to destroy182. desvestirse - to undress oneself, to get undressed183. detener - to stop (someone or something), to detain184. detenerse - to stop (oneself)185. devolver - to return (an object), to refund, to give back186. dibujar - to design, to draw, to sketch187. dirigir - to direct188. disculparse - to apologize, to excuse (oneself)189. discutir - to discuss190. dispensar - to excuse, to dispense, to distribute, to exempt 191. distinguir - to distinguish192. divertirse - to have a good time, to enjoy oneself193. divorciarse - to be (get) divorced194. doler - to ache, to pain, to hurt, to cause grief, to cause regret 195. dormir - to sleep196. ducharse - to take a shower, to shower oneself197. dudar - to doubt198. echar - to cast, to fling, to hurt, to pitch, to throw199. ejecutar - to execute, to carry out, to perform200. ejercer - to exercise, to practice (a professional)201. elegir - to elect, to select, to choose202. embeber - to soak in, to soak up, to suck in, to imbibe203. empezar - to begin, to start204. emplear - to employ, to use205. encender - to incite, to inflame, to kindle, to light206. encerrar - to enclose, to lock up, to confine207. encontrar - to meet, to encounter, to find208. enfadarse - to become angry209. enfermarse - to get sick, to fall sick, to become sick, to fall ill, to become ill210. enojarse - to become angry, to get angry, to get cross211. enseñar - to teach, to show, to point out212. entender - to understand213. entrar - to enter, to go (in), to come (in)214. entregar - to deliver, to hand over, to give215. enunciar - to enunciate, to state216. enviar - to send217. envolver - to wrap up218. equivocarse - to be mistaken219. erguir - to raise, to stand up straight220. errar - to err, to wander, to roam, to miss221. escoger - to choose, to select222. escribir - to write223. escuchar - to listen (to)224. esparcir - to scatter, to spread225. esperar - to expect, to hope, to wait (for)226. esquiar - to ski227. establecer - to establish228. estar - to be229. estimar - to estimate, to esteem, to respect, to value230. estudiar - to study231. exigir - to demand, to urge, to require232. explicar - to explain233. expresar - to express234. fabricar - to fabricate, to manufacture235. faltar - to be lacking, to be wanting, to lack, to miss, to need 236. felicitar - to congratulate, to felicitate237. festejar - to feast, to entertain, to celebrate238. fiar - to confide, to trust239. fijarse - to take notice, to pay attention, to settle240. fingir - to feign, to pretend241. firmar - to sign242. formar - to form, to shape243. fregar - to wash dishes, to scrub244. freír - to fry245. fumar - to smoke246. funcionar - to function, to run (machine)247. ganar - to earn, to gain, to win248. gastar - to spend (money), to wear out, to waste249. gemir - to grieve, to groan, to moan250. gobernar - to govern, to rule251. gozar - to enjoy252. gritar - to shout, to scream, to shriek, to cry out253. gruñir - to grumble, to grunt, to growl, to creak254. guiar - to lead, to guide255. gustar - to be pleasing (to), to like256. haber - to have (as an auxiliary, helping verb to form the compound tenses)257. habitar - to inhabit, to dwell, to live, to reside258. hablar - to talk, to speak259. hacer - to do, to make260. hallar - to find, to discover, to locate261. helar - to freeze262. heredar - to inherit263. herir - to harm, to hurt, to wound264. huir - to escape, to flee, to run away, to slip away265. ignorar - to be ignorant of, not to know266. impedir - to hinder, to impede, to prevent267. importar - to matter, to be important268. imprimir - to imprint, to impress, to print, to fix in the mind 269. incluir - to include, to enclose270. indicar - to indicate, to point out271. inducir - to induce, to influence, to persuade272. influir - to influence273. informarse - to inform oneself, to find out274. inscribir - to inscribe, to record, to register275. inscribirse - to enroll, to register276. insistir - to insist, to persist277. interesarse - to be interested in278. introducir - to introduce279. invitar - to invite280. ir - to go281. irse - to go away282. jugar - to play (a game, sport)283. juntar - to join, to unite, to connect284. jurar - to swear, to take an oath285. juzgar - to judge286. lanzar - to throw, to hurl, to fling, to launch287. lastimarse - to hurt oneself, to feel sorry for, to complain, toregret288. lavar - to wash289. lavarse - to wash oneself290. leer - to read291. levantar - to lift, to raise292. levantarse - to get up, to rise293. limpiar - to clean294. limpiarse - to clean oneself295. llamar - to call, to name296. llamarse - to call oneself, to be named297. llegar - to arrive298. llenar - to fill299. llevar - to carry (away), to take (away), to wear300. llorar - to weep, to cry, to whine301. llover - to rain302. luchar - to fight, to strive, to struggle, to wrestle303. maldecir - to curse304. manejar - to manage, to handle, to drive, to operate (a vehicle) 305. mantener - to maintain, to keep up, to support, to provide for 306. marcar - to mark, to note, to observe307. marchar - to walk, to march, to function (machine), to run (machine)308. marcharse - to go away, to leave309. matar - to kill310. medir - to measure, to weigh, to scan (verses)311. mejorar - to improve312. mencionar - to mention313. mentir - to lie, to tell a lie314. merecer - to merit, to deserve315. mirar - to look, to look at, to watch316. mirarse - to look at oneself, to look at each other (uno a otro, unos a otros)317. mojarse - to get wet, to wet oneself318. montar - to mount, to go up, to climb, to get on, to wind (a watch)319. morder - to bite320. morir - to die321. mostrar - to show, to point out322. mover - to move, to persuade, to excite323. mudarse - to change one's clothes, to change one's place of residence, to move324. nacer - to be born325. nadar - to swim326. navegar - to navigate, to sail327. necesitar - to need328. negar - to deny329. nevar - to snow330. obedecer - to obey331. observar - to observe332. obtener - to obtain, to get333. ocultarse - to hide oneself334. ocupar - to occupy335. ocurrir - to occur, to happen336. ofrecer - to offer337. oír - to hear338. oler - to smell, to scent339. olvidar - to forget340. oponer - to oppose341. ordenar - to order, to command, to put in order, to arrange 342. organizar - to organize, to arrange, to set up343. osar - to dare, to venture344. pagar - to pay345. parar - to stop (someone or something)346. pararse - to stop (oneself)347. parecer - to seem, to appear348. parecerse - to resemble each other, to look alike349. partir - to leave, to depart, to divide, to split350. pasar - to pass (by), to happen, to spend (time)351. pasearse - to take a walk, to parade352. pedir - to ask for, to request353. pegar - to beat, to hit, to slap, to stick, to glue, to paste 354. peinarse - to comb one's hair355. pensar - to think356. percibir - to perceive357. perder - to lose358. perdonar - to pardon, to forgive, to excuse359. permitir - to permit, to admit, to allow, to grant360. pertenecer - to pertain, to appertain, to belong361. pintar - to paint362. pintarse - to make up (one's face), to tint, to color (one's hair, lips, etc.)363. pisar - to tread (on), to step on, to trample364. placer - to gratify, to humor, to please365. platicar - to chat, to talk over, to discuss366. poder - to be able, can367. poner - to put, to place368. ponerse - to put on (clothing), to become, to set (of sun) 369. poseer - to possess, to own370. practicar - to practice371. predecir - to predict, to forecast, to foretell372. predicar - to preach373. preferir - to prefer374. preguntar - to ask, to inquire, to question375. preocuparse - to be concerned, to worry, to be worried376. preparar - to prepare377. prepararse - to be prepared, to get ready, to prepare oneself 378. presentar - to present, to display, to show, to introduce379. prestar - to lend380. principiar - to begin381. probar - to test, to prove, to try, to try on382. probarse - to try on (clothes)383. proclamar - to proclaim, to promulgate384. producir - to produce, to cause385. prohibir - to prohibit, to forbid386. pronunciar - to pronounce387. proteger - to protect388. pulir - to polish389. quedarse - to remain, to stay390. quejarse - to complain, to grumble391. quemar - to burn, to fire392. querer - to want, to wish393. quitarse - to take off (clothing), to remove oneself, to withdraw 394. raer - to scrape, to rub off, to erase, to wipe out395. realizar - to realize, to carry out, to fulfill396. recibir - to receive, to get397. recoger - to pick (up), to gather, to harvest398. recomendar - to recommend, to commend, to advise399. reconocer - to recognize, to acknowledge, to be grateful for 400. recordar - to remember, to recall, to remind401. referir - to refer, to relate402. regalar - to give as a present, to make a present of, to give as a gift403. regar - to water, to irrigate, to sprinkle404. regresar - to return, to go back, to regress405. reír - to laugh406. reírse - to laugh407. rellenar - to refill, to fill again, to stuff408. remitir - to remit, to forward, to transmit409. reparar - to mend, to repair, to notice, to observe410. repartir - to distribute, to deal cards411. repetir - to repeat412. resolver - to resolve, to solve (a problem)413. responder - to answer, to reply, to respond414. retirar - to retire, to withdraw415. retrasar - to delay, to retard416. reunirse - to assemble, to get together, to meet, to gather 417. revocar - to revoke, to repeal418. revolver - to revolve, to turn around, to turn over, to turn upside down419. robar - to rob, to steal420. rogar - to supplicate, to ask, to ask for, to request, to beg, to pray 421. romper - to break, to shatter, to tear422. saber - to know, to know how423. sacar - to take out, to get424. sacudir - to shake, to jerk, to jolt425. salir - to go out, to leave426. saltar - to jump, to leap, to hop, to spring427. saludar - to greet, to salute428. satisfacer - to satisfy429. secar - to dry, to wipe dry430. secarse - to dry oneself431. seguir - to follow, to pursue, to continue432. señalar - to signal, to indicate, to point out, to show433. sentarse - to sit down434. sentir - to feel sorry, to regret, to feel435. sentirse - to feel (well, ill)436. separar - to separate, to detach, to sort, to set apart437. ser - to be438. servir - to serve439. socorrer - to help, to aid, to assist, to succor440. sofocar - to choke, to smother, to suffocate, to stifle441. soler - to be accustomed to, to be in the habit of, to have the custom of442. sollozar - to sob, to whimper443. someter - to subdue, to subject, to surrender, to submit444. sonar - to ring, to echo, to resound, to sound445. soñar - to dream446. sonreír - to smile447. soplar - to blow, to blow out448. sorprender - to surprise, to astonish449. sospechar - to suspect450. sostener - to sustain, to support, to maintain, to uphold451. subir - to go up, to come up, to climb, to rise, to mount, to get on (a train, bus, etc.)452. subrayar - to underline, to underscore, to emphasize453. subscribir - to subscribe, to agree with, to sign454. suceder - to happen455. sufrir - to suffer, to endure, to bear up, to undergo456. sugerir - to hint, to insinuate, to suggest457. sumergir - to submerge, to plunge, to immerse, to sink458. suponer - to suppose, to assume459. suprimir - to suppress, to abolish, to cancel (in mathematics), to eliminate460. surgir - to surge, to appear, to spout, to spurt461. suspirar - to sigh462. tañer - to pluck, to play (a stringed instrument)463. telefonear - to telephone464. telegrafiar - to telegraph, to cable465. temblar - to tremble, to quake, to quiver, to shake, to shiver 466. temer - to fear, to dread467. tender - to extend, to offer, to stretch, to spread out, to hang out (washing)468. tener - to have, to hold469. tentar - to examine by touch, to feel with the fingers, to attempt, to try470. terminar - to end, to terminate, to finish471. tirar - to pull, to draw, to pitch (a ball), to shoot (a gun), to throw, to fling472. tocar - to play (a musical instrument), to touch473. tomar - to take, to have (something to eat or to drink)474. tostar - to toast, to tan, to roast (coffee)475. trabajar - to work, to labor476. traducir - to translate477. traer - to bring478. tratar - to try, to treat a subject479. tropezar - to stumble, to blunder480. unir - to connect, to unite, to join, to bind, to attach481. usar - to use, to employ, to wear482. utilizar - to utilize483. vaciar - to empty484. valer - to be worth485. velar - to stay awake, to guard, to watch over486. vencer - to conquer, to overcome, to defeat487. vender - to sell488. venir - to come489. ver - to see490. vestirse - to dress oneself, to get dressed491. viajar - to travel492. vigilar - to watch (over), to keep guard, to look out for493. visitar - to visit494. vivir - to live495. volar - to fly496. volver - to return, to go back497. votar - to vote, to vow498. yacer - to lie down, to be lying down, to lie in a grave 499. zumbar - to buzz, to hum, to flutter around500. zurcir - to darn, to mend。
英语对西班牙语语音的迁移作用及对策
英语对西班牙语语音的迁移作用及对策作者:王洁来源:《求知导刊》2018年第14期摘要:目前,越来越多的高校开设了西班牙语二外课程。
但大部分的学生在语音学习过程中深受英语的迁移影响,导致语音教学达不到预期效果。
文章主要探讨英语专业的学生在学习西班牙语语音时碰到的问题,以及如何积极运用英语的语音迁移解决西班牙语学习上的问题。
关键词:西班牙语语音;英语;语言迁移中图分类号:H34; ;;文献标识码:A1.送气音与不送气音西班牙语里的辅音c, t, p都属于不送气音,但对于习惯英语发音规则的学生来说,他们会按照英语中的c, t, p发音,即变成送气音。
比如,西班牙语里的ca,其实发音类似于中文的“噶”,但很多英语专业的学生就会发成“卡”;西班牙语中ta的发音类似于“搭”,但学生会发成“他”;西班牙语中pa的发音类似于“巴”,但学生会发成“趴”。
2.辅音r西班牙语中的r分为单击颤音和多击颤音。
但在教学过程中我发现英语专业的学生会统一发成英语中的[r],发音听起来会比正确读音显得更圆润。
事实上它们的发音方式差不多,区别在于发音的位置。
西班牙语中的[r]在发音时,舌尖抬起,并与上齿龈接触。
但英语中的[r]则是舌尖卷起,停留在口腔中央,不与口腔任何部位接触。
1.清音与浊音西班牙语中绝大部分的辅音只有清浊之分,没有送气和不送气的区别。
但我们的母语汉语中大部分的辅音都是清音,却有送气和不送气之分。
或许就是因为这个原因,西班牙语的清浊辅音一直都是中国学生的学习难点。
但事实上,在英语中恰巧既有清音和浊音,又有送气音和不送气音,并且与西班牙语中三对清浊音([c]和[g]、[t]和[d]、[p]和[b])均有相似的发音。
具体表现如下:值得一提的是,西班牙语中的浊辅音和英语中浊音[b]、[d]、[g]并不完全相同。
西班牙语的浊音具有负的VOT值,也就是说声带的振动早于发音。
因此,为了让学生能够区分清浊音,可以在学习初期让他们把浊音进行比较夸张的处理。
走遍西班牙1~19笔记
Lección 1 ¿ Cómo te llamas?在开始正式笔记分享之前,小荷相对所有选择继续学习西语的同学说一声¡Animo!(加油!)没有被语音阶段那令人抓狂的大舌音打倒,选择继续前进的筒子们,都是好样的!因为是笔记分享的第一弹,小荷不打算给大家太大的压力,那我们就先来回顾一下语音阶段几个需要注意的地方吧。
1.标点符号的首尾呼应问题以及特殊字母ñ的输入或许大家都已经注意到了,西班牙语中问号和感叹号的书写必须首尾呼应,像这样:¿? ¡!还有,大家一定不会对特殊字母ñ感到陌生吧?但是在输入法里该怎么输入呢?这个符号不符合我们中国人的使用习惯,老是记不住啊!但是,没办法,这个一定得牢记哦!以后用西语打字可少不了的,不然和西国朋友交流,敲出来的东东可是会被人笑话的哦!具体如何输入,小荷就在这里再次强调一下,大家一定要记住哦!ñ的输入是L键右边的一个键,即冒号和分号键.大写Ñ, 只不过是按住Shift上档键再按刚才的那个键.¡直接按加号键,就出来啦!Shift键+数字1键¿Shift+加号键Shift+减号键民那,记住了么?2.西语的重音问题一般情况下,西语单词重音符号在哪里,哪里就要重读。
再来复习一下,重音符号一般都出现在5个元音字母之上,像这样:á é í ó ú具体怎么输入呢?小荷也带大家复习一下好了。
按一下分号键右边的键(即L键右边第二个健)然后再按想要的元音即可如果需大写呢,也是先按一下刚才所说的重音键,然后再按住Shift上档键不放,再按想要的大写元音就可以啦!如果没有重音符号,就看词尾,词尾是辅音音素的,重音落在最后一个音节,词尾是元音因素的,重音落在倒数第二个音节不过也有例外:以n,s结尾的词,重音落在倒数第二个音节。
西班牙语入门-基础发音及西文英文发音对照
初探学习西班牙语优美动听、清脆悦耳的西班牙语,热情奔放而又古老神秘的拉丁文化,使得越来越多的中国人走进西语世界。
而要学习西班牙语,第一关就是西班牙语语音。
为适应大家学习语音的需要,本文试图做一些初步的探讨,为您掌握西班牙语打开第一扇门。
发音是任何一门语言的基础,而西班牙语的发音却并不难掌握,只要方法得当,多加练习,就可轻松学会标准的西班牙语发音。
西班牙语为典型的拼音文字,每个字母都有较固定的发音,每个音素都有相应的书写形式。
发音非常规则,与拼写一致,因此,只要掌握了每个字母的发音和重音规则,就可以正确地读出任何西班牙语词汇,可谓“见词发音,听音写词”,与汉语拼音有某种相似性。
下面就从西班牙语语音的上述特点出发,针对容易混淆和较难辨别的音素做些说明。
1.元音1.1 单元音西班牙语只有五个单元音a, e, i, o, u,简单易学。
元音发音部位具有对称性,我们发音时要注意语流均匀,音质清晰,没有变化。
其中a, i, u 的发音口形和部位都比较好掌握,对于中国人来讲,由于汉语普通话中没有与西班牙语e, o相似的音,一开始难以把握。
发音的关键在于口形到位(按照发音要领,重在口的开度和双唇侧裂),保持音色不变,e音不要与汉语拼音的“ei”或“ai”,甚至“e”混为一谈;o音不能发成汉语拼音的“ao”或者英语的“[]”。
1.2复合元音西班牙语的复合元音(二重元音和三重元音)以及元音连读不同于英语的双元音或者汉语拼音的复合韵母,其每个音素都有较大的独立性。
所以,发二重元音或三重元音时,一定要注意把两个或三个音素都要发清楚完整,同时要注意把他们连成一个整体。
发音的关键在于从一个音素到另一个音素之间的滑动,之间没有停顿和间歇。
发音时,复合元音中的强元音要比弱元音发得稍重些长些。
2.辅音西班牙语有20个单辅音,虽然不是与元音一样一音一符,有个别重复和音变现象,但仍然有很强的对应性。
辅音发音的特点为清晰、紧张。
2.1 清浊音西班牙语辅音中有三对完全对应的浊辅音和清辅音:b(v)和p,d和t,g(gu)和c(qu)。
自学西班牙语的建议,这样做能少走很多弯路
先贴证书,不是大佬,学习西班牙语时被各种短期拿证的经验贴给坑了,现在就想打击报复毒鸡汤。
以下内容各位看官参考即可,如果觉得不值得看,评论区欢迎指导,如果还觉得有那么一丢丢用,请不要吝啬你的小赞哟~直接上集合:不要用学习英语的方法学习西班牙语西班牙语学习只需一个月诸如此类毒鸡汤看看就好别当真传统的精听没啥用实话实说阅读不要太看得起自己,从最简单的入手最稳妥学西语对我来说的难点:非西语专业、想出国留学增加就业机会、在职备考、学习时间有限、大舌音的颤音难学、掌握不了西语语法、刷题总是错、造句永远不通顺、读不下来一整段的西语句子、西语发音开口跪、词汇记了忘,忘了记、词汇积累少……所以这篇文章主要就是帮助学习西语的朋友们解决一些学习中的弯路,也称的上是一些‘小小’的忠告!对于学西语我不算是大神级别,但也是算小神级别的,单说自学半年就考过A2证就够我炫耀半年了!下面我会详细的说下我是怎样自学的,文章不长不短,5分钟左右能够看完,想要听学习经验的是一定要全部详细的看完哦~~~这里先说下抄小路的方法:三分资料凑,七分靠技巧,剩下九十分就是我们付出的时间!学习西语前,先看几个西语的常识,简单认识下西班牙语:1.西班牙语中是没有音标一说的,每个字母都只有一种读音,因此和学习英语单词的学习方法是不同的,但是可以根据我们汉语拼音的拼读方式学习‘见词发音’,就会很快入门。
我是学了一个星期左右的陆雁西班牙语的发音课程,就能轻松上手西语的发音了,并且还学会了最难的大舌音!2.英语的语法学习方式会对西语的学习造成一定的影响,这个影响有好有坏,好处在于英语和西班牙语都是属于西方语言的一种,在某些方面西语和英语会有着一定的相似之处,不好的地方在于英语发音一定程度上会影响西语发音。
好的英语底子对于快速学习西语的朋友们,无疑是提供了一个便利的直通车!正式进入学习阶段……Part1.发音的学习作为一个过来人的第一个忠告:发音阶段千万不要盲目使用教材学习,要跟着基础课程学习正确的西式发音。
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UNIDAD 1 - Gramaticales
LLAMARSE SER TRABAJAR VIVIR
(Yo)
me llamo soy
trabajo
vivo
(Tú)
te llamas eres trabajas vives
(Él/ella/Ud.) se llama es
trabaja
vive
(Nosotros/as) nos llamamos somos trabajamos vivimos
hospital =hospital
escribe = write
libros = books
dice = say ( dicer = to say) radio = radio
sabe = know(saber = to know)
palabra = word
P.S. ¿Cómo se dice? = How do we say?
UNIDAD 1 - Study and Work
What do you do?
¿Tú qué haces? / ¿Qué haces?= What do you do?
Soy... = I am...
Words about career
verb hacer = to do
banco = bank
quiosco de prensa = newsstand supermercado = supermarket quiosco = kiosk oficina de correos = post office
UNIDAD 4 - Position
Sigues recto = go straight
Begin to understand Spanish
Lecturer: Tina - He Pan
UNIDAD 1 - ¿Cómo te llamas?
Self-introduction:
¿Cómo te llamas? = What's your name? Me llamo Elvira = My name is... ¿De dónde eres? = Where are you from? Soy ... = I am... ¿Dónde vives? = Where do you live? ¡Hola! = Hi / Hello! ¿Qué tal? = How are you?
UNIDAD 3
I want to have a house
UNIDAD 3 - Buscamos un piso
Words of our house: piso = passageway dormitorio = bedroom pequeños = small cocina = kitchen sofá =sofa ordenador = computer estantería = shelf silla = chair sillón = armchair apartamento = apartment ascensor = lift/elevator
peluquero = hairdresser enfermero/a = nurse
taxista = taxi driver
alcalde/alcaldesa = mayor
arquitecto/a = architect azafata = airline stewardess
panadero/a = baker
10diez 12doce 14catorce 16dieciséis 18 dieciocho 20veinte
6sexto/a = sixth 7séptimo/a = seventh 8octavo/a = eighth 9noveno/a = ninth 10décimo/a = tenth
recibidor = hall salón - comedor = dining room cuarto de baño = bathroom mismo = same espejo = mirror cama = bed armario = cupboard mesa = table cuadro = picture cuarto = room la mesita de noche = bedside table
este el dormitorio amplio un banco esta la casa pequeña una cafetería
estos los dormitorios amplios unos bancos estas las casas pequeñas unas cafeterías
actor/actriz = actor
economista = economist piloto = pilot
secretaria = secretary directora = director
UNIDAD 2 - Singular & Plural
Singular
Plural
Masculino Femenino
Te presento a unos amigos = I introduce a friend to you ¿Cómo estáusted? = How about you?/ How are you? Vosotros sois los nuevos compañeros de viaje = You are the new passenger. ¿Verdad? = Is it true? ¿Cómo lo sabes? = How do you know? ¿Túeres español? = Are you Spanish? ¡Qué casualidad! = It´s too coincidence! ¡Qué bien! = How good it is! Encantado = Nice to meet you! Buenos días = Good morning Buenas tardes = Good afternoon Buenas noches = Good evening/Good night
profesor / ra = profesor cocinero/a = cooker
(Nosotros/as) hacemos
cajero/a = cashier
medico/a = doctor
(Vosotros/as) hacéis
camareo/a = waiter
empleado = employee
UNIDAD 3 - About direction
A.¿Dónde está la cocina? = Where´s the kitchen?
B.
al fondo del
al lado del
pasillo
Está
Hale Waihona Puke a la izquierda del
dormitorio
a la derecha del
14:00 Son las dos
UNIDAD 4 - Los números
20veinte 30treinta 31treinta y uno 40cuarenta 50cincuenta 60sesenta 70setenta 80ochenta 90noventa 100cien
101ciento uno 200doscientos/as 300trescientos/as 400cuatrocientos/as 500quinientos/as 600seiscientos/as 700setecientos/as 800ochocientos/as 900novecientos/as 1000mil
muy bonito +++ bastante bonito ++ bonito +
UNIDAD 3 - Ordinal Numbers
1primero/a = first 2segundo/a = second 3tercero/a = third 4cuarto/a = fourth 5quinto/a = fifth
UNIDAD 5
In the restaurant & What do you like?
UNIDAD 5 - At the restaurant
camarero = waiter
Por favor = Please
un momento = one minute
refresco = cold drinks
tapa = snack
UNIDAD 2 - About numbers
0 - cero 1 - uno 2 - dos 3 - tres 4 - cuatro 5 - cinco 6 -seis 7 - siete 8 - ocho 9 - nueve
9
UNIDAD 2 - What is your ideal career?
Tengo un piso
antiguo = old grande = big/large bonito = beautiful tranquilo = quiet exterior = appearance frío = cold
Mi casa es
moderna = modern pequeña = small fea = uglily ruidosa = noisy interior = inside calurosa = warm
11once 13trece 15quince 17diecisiete 19diecinueve
UNIDAD 4
Where can I go ?