2023届高考英语语法：虚拟语气讲义

虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。

If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over.Example：( A ) for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.（If had it not been for）A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。

常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but 等。

Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.二．虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。

常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气①wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：●表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句●表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done●表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形✓I wish it were spring all year round.✓I wish it would be fine tomorrow.✓She wished she had stayed at home.②在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。

此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.注意：当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。

常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。

其形式如下：●主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）●主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）●主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）✓He talks as if he knew all about it.✓She speaks English well as if she had studied in America.✓He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。

It is time that we went home.此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。

This is the first time that I have been here.3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。

Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）I’d rather he didn’t go now.I’d rather you hadn’t done it.课后练习：1. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.A. for; toB. that; beC. which; should beD. to; being2. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.A. would be sentB. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent3. It is important that we _____ wild animals.A. will protectB. should protectC. shall protectD. are protecting4. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been5. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be。