初中九年级英语-虚拟语气及中考试题

虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

一.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用:条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。

(1)真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。

如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。

Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。

(2)虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。

(表希望)If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。

（表不希望）二. 连词if的省略：如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。

Had you not helped me，I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。

Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。

Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。

三.混合条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。

主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。

较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。

He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。

If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。

四. 含蓄条件句：虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。

含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。

1) 条件暗含在短语中。

如：But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。

(暗含在分词短词but for your help)What would I have done without you?如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)It would be easier to do it this way.这样做会比较容易。

(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster.同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。

(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。

(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。

(暗含条件是alone) 2) 条件暗含在上下文中。

如：You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。

(可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。

(可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。

(可能暗含if you should accept it)3) 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。

如：You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。

I would like to come. 我愿意来。

五. 不用if引导的条件从句：虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。

与if一样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气，表可能实现或发生的事。

The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed.农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。

Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning.我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。

Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at school. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。

Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept?假如给你一个到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？（suppose 或supposing =what if）Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？）要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.如果明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车。

In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。

Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。

用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes.3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up.4.If I had known you already _____(have) a typewriter, I _____(not, buy) one for your birthday.5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him.6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone).7.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time.8.If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much.9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend).11.My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem.12.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break)down yesterday.13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say).14.He talked as if he _____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it.15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on time.”17.He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time.18.He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting.19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand.20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening.选择题：1. If I _______ you, I’d join the army.A. am B. was C. were D. would be2. “If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”A. will not riseB. would not riseC. did not riseD. does not rise3. If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?A. areB. will be goingC. mustD. were4. I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.A. could seeB. had seenC. will seeD. will have seen5. If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________?A. would you buyB. had you boughtC. would you have boughtD. would you be buying6. If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.A. would probably dieB. had probably diedC. probably would be diedD. would probably have died7. ________ if you had lost your watch?A. Hadn’t you been upsetB. Wouldn’t you be upsetC. Weren’t you upsetD. Wouldn’t you have upset8. -----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”A. have stayedB. have stayC. stayedD. stay9. If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.A. would have lentB. would lendC. would have lendD. could lend10. ____________, John would not have failed.A. If he has listened to meB. Had he listened to meC. If he listened to meD. As he listened to me11. Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.A. had not failedB. would not have failedC. would not failD. could not be failed12. -----“Steve made a reservation already.”-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.” A. Should B. Would C. If D. So13. I wished it _______ but it did.A. occurred notB. did not accurC. had not occurredD. would not occur14. I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A. believeB. deeply thinkC. wishD. suppose15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth.A. circlesB. is circlingC. be circlingD. were circling16. The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. be17. Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.A. knowsB. knewC. has knownD. had known18. If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!A. was not terribly so frightenedB. were not terribly so frightenedC. be not so terribly frightenedD. were not so terribly frightened19. -----“I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity.”-----“She insisted ______ it as a gift.”A. no them to acceptB. their acceptingC. that they acceptD. that they accepted20. The chairman requested that __________.A. the members studied the problem more carefullyB. the problem were more carefully studiedC. the problem could be studied with more careD. the members study the problem more carefully21. -----“Did Kathy have any ideas for Jim?”-----“She suggested that he ______ a card with all of our names on it.”A. sendB. sendsC. to sendD. sending22. The idea is that we _______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A. will sendB. had sentC. sendD. be sent23. It is necessary that this machine-tool _______ every day.A. be oiledB. oilC. is to be oiledD. oiled24. -----“That’s a beautiful coat in the window.”-----“It certainly is. If I had the money ______ buy it.” A. I’d B. I’ll C. I may D. I shall 25. -----“Why didn’t you help him?”-----“I would have ______ I didn’t have the money.” A. if B. and C. but D. otherwise26. Jill would rather we _______ now, but we must go to work.A. not leaveB. had not leftC. didn’t leaveD. not to be left27. I’d just as soon ________ those important papers with you.A. that you won’t takeB. your not takingC. please don’t you takeD. you didn’t take28. The housemaster was very strict. He asked that we ______ television on week nights.A. not watchB. not be watchingC. must not watchD. should not have watched29. I ha dn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.A. him calling meB. that he would call meC. him to call meD. that he call me30. __________ at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A. Had Mr. Robinson lookedB. If Mr. Robinson lookedC. If Mr. Robinson would have lookedD. Had Mr. Robinson been lookingUnit 1. Great Explorations重点词汇：1,________________ n. -- explore v. 探测; 勘探the exploration of space 对宇宙的探索_______________ n. 探险家; 探测者; 探测器I’m going to the secret of space when I grow up.长大后我将会去探索宇宙的奥秘。