经济学人中英对照文章 Northern lights
经济学人文章(四六级雅思精读素材)2020-08-27
The Economist August 29th 2020 Business 55Depending on whom you ask, Califor-nia is a leader in clean energy or a cau-tionary tale. Power outages in August prompted stern critiques from Republi-cans. “In California”, D onald Trump tweeted, “D emocrats have intentionally implemented rolling blackouts—forcing Americans in the dark.” In addition to pro-voking outrage and derision, however, the episode is also likely to inspire investment.The Golden State has long been Ameri-ca’s main testing ground for green compa-nies. Californians buy half of all electric cars sold in America. Theirs is the country’s largest solar market. As California deals with heat waves, fires and a goal of carbon-free electricity by 2045, the need for a reli-able grid is becoming ever more obvious.For years firms competed to generate clean power in California. Now a growing num-ber are vying to store and manage it, too. August’s blackouts have many causes,including poor planning, an unexpected lack of capacity and sweltering heat in not just California but nearby states from which it sometimes imports power. Long before the outages, however, electricity op-erators were anxious about capacity. Cali-fornia’s solar panels become less useful in the evening, when demand peaks. In No-vember state regulators mandated that utilities procure an additional 3.3 gigawatts (gw ) of capacity, including giant batteries that charge when energy is abundant and can sell electricity back to the grid.Too few such projects have come online to cope with the surge in demand for air-conditioning in the scorching summer. But more are sprouting across the state. On Au-gust 19th ls Power, an electricity firm backed by private equity, unveiled a 250-megawatt (mw ) storage project in San Die-go, the largest of its kind in America. In July the county of Monterey said Vistra Energy,a Texan power company, could build as much as 1.2gw of storage.The rooftop solar industry stands to benefit from a new Californian mandate that requires new homes to install panels on their roofs from this year. Sunrun, the market leader, is increasingly pairing such residential installations with batteries. In July, for instance, the company said it had won contracts with energy suppliers in the Bay Area to install 13mw of residential solar and batteries. These could supply power to residents in a blackout or feed power into the grid to help meet peak demand. Sunrunis so confident in its future that it has bid $3.2bn for Vivint Solar,its main rival.Another way to stave offoutages is to curb demand.Enel,a European power company,has contracts with local utilities to work with large commercial and indus-trial clients.When demand rises,Enel pays customers to reduce energy consumption,easing demand on the grid.A company called OhmConnect offers something sim-ilar for homeowners.Even as such offerings scale up,the need for reliability means that fossil fuels will not disappear just yet.On September 1st California’s regulators will vote on whether to delay the retirement of four natural-gas plants in light of the outages.The state remains intent on decarbonising its power system over the next 25years.But progress may not move in a straight line.7NEW YO RKBusinesses compete to battle California’s blackoutsEnergy utilitiesLitMany big companies may be struggling with depressed sales, but these are busy times for bribery-busters. Mexico is abuzz over allegations by an ex-boss of Pe-mex, the state oil giant, that several senior politicians received bungs from compa-nies including Odebrecht, a Brazilian con-struction firm (see Americas section). The scandal is the latest in a string of graft cases to make headlines this year, starting with Airbus’s record $4bn settlement in January over accusations of corruption for making illegal payments in various countries.Corporate bribery is hardly new. In sur-veys, between a third and a half of compa-nies typically claim to have lost business to rivals who won contracts by paying kick-backs. But such perceptions-based re-search has obvious limitations. A new study takes a more rigorous approach, and draws some striking conclusions.Raghavendra Rau of Judge Business School at the University of Cambridge, Yan-Leung Cheung of the Education University of Hong Kong and Aris Stouraitis of Hong Kong Baptist University examined nearly 200 prominent bribery cases in 60 coun-tries between 1975 and 2015. For the firms doing the bribing, they found, the short-term gains were juicy: every dollar of bribe translated into a $6-9 increase in excess re-turns, relative to the overall stockmarket. That, however, does not take account of the chances of getting caught. These have risen as enforcement of America’s 43-year-old anti-bribery law, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (fcpa ), has been stepped up and other countries have passed similar laws. The number of fcpa cases is up sharply since the financial crisis of 2007-09, according to Stanford Law School (see chart). It has dipped a bit under Presi-dent Donald Trump, who has criticised the fcpa for hobbling American firms over-seas, but remains well above historic lev-els. Total fines for fcpa violations were $14bn in 2016-19, 48 times as much as in the four years to 2007.The authors also tested 11hypotheses that emerged from past studies of bribery.They found support for some, for instance that firms pay larger bribes when they ex-pect to receive larger benefits, and that the net benefits of bribing are smaller in places with more public disclosure of politicians’sources of income.But they punctured other bits of re-ceived wisdom. Most striking, they found no link between democracy and graft. This challenges the “Tullock paradox”, which holds that firms can get away with smaller bribes in democracies because politicians and officials have less of a lock on the sys-tem than those in autocratic countries, and so cannot extract as much rent. Such find-ings will doubtless be of interest to corrup-tion investigators and unscrupulous exec-utives alike. 7Bribery pays—if you don’t get caughtBriberyA closer look at greasy palmsBrown envelopes, big chequesUnited States,Foreign Corrupt Practices ActSources:Stanford Law School;Sullivan &Cromwell*Investigations and enforcement actions †To August6543210605040302010020†10152000059095851977Enforcement actionsSanctions, $bnUtilitiesTransport Communications Basic materials Financial services Consumer goods Aerospace & defence TechnologyIndustrials Health care Oil &gas 100806040200Number of cases* by selected industry1977-2020†。
芬兰的北极光介绍英文作文
芬兰的北极光介绍英文作文The Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, are a natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions.The phenomenon occurs when solar wind particles collide with the Earth's atmosphere, causing a release of energy in the form of light.The colors of the Northern Lights can vary, but the most common are green and pink. However, they can also appear in shades of red, yellow, blue, and violet.The best time to see the Northern Lights is during the winter months, when the nights are longer and darker in the northern hemisphere.The Northern Lights can be seen in several countries, including Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Canada, but Finland is one of the best places to witness this natural wonder.Many tour operators in Finland offer Northern Lights tours, taking visitors to remote locations away from light pollution to maximize their chances of seeing the Aurora Borealis.Experiencing the Northern Lights is a truly magical and unforgettable experience, and it's no wonder that people from all over the world travel to Finland just to catch a glimpse of this breathtaking display.。
北极极光的作文英文
北极极光的作文英文The Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, isa stunning natural phenomenon that can be seen in theArctic regions. The colorful lights dance across the sky, creating a mesmerizing display that leaves spectators in awe.The vibrant hues of green, pink, purple, and blue swirl and shift, painting the night sky with an otherworldly glow. It's as if the heavens themselves are putting on a show for those lucky enough to witness it.The experience of seeing the Northern Lights is truly unforgettable. The way the colors twist and turn, the way they seem to come alive in the darkness, is something that cannot be adequately described in words. It's a sight that must be seen to be believed.Many people travel to the Arctic specifically towitness the Northern Lights, and it's easy to see why. Thebeauty and wonder of this natural light show is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that leaves a lasting impression on all who are lucky enough to see it.The Northern Lights are a reminder of the incredible beauty and power of the natural world. They serve as a humbling reminder of just how small we are in the grand scheme of things, and how much there is to marvel at in the world around us.In conclusion, the Northern Lights are a breathtaking display of nature's beauty. The way the colors dance and shimmer in the night sky is a sight to behold, and one that will stay with you long after the lights have faded. If you ever have the chance to witness the Northern Lights in person, it's an experience you won't soon forget.。
冰岛 极光 英文作文
冰岛极光英文作文英文：Iceland is a country that is famous for its natural beauty, including the stunning Northern Lights. As someone who has visited Iceland and witnessed the Northern Lights firsthand, I can say that it is truly a breathtaking experience.To see the Northern Lights, you need to be in a location with clear skies and minimal light pollution. Iceland is known for its dark winter nights, which provide the perfect backdrop for the colorful dancing lights. I remember standing outside in the freezing cold, staring up at the sky in awe as the green and purple lights swirled above me.One of the best ways to see the Northern Lights in Iceland is to take a guided tour. The tour guides are experts at finding the best viewing spots and can provideinteresting information about the lights and their significance in Icelandic folklore. I went on a tour with a small group and our guide took us to a secluded area where we had an unobstructed view of the lights.In addition to the Northern Lights, Iceland has many other natural wonders to explore, such as glaciers, waterfalls, and hot springs. The country is also known for its unique cuisine, including dishes like fermented shark and smoked lamb.Overall, my trip to Iceland was an unforgettable experience that I would highly recommend to anyone. The natural beauty and friendly people make it a must-visit destination.中文：冰岛是一个以其自然美景而闻名的国家，包括令人惊叹的极光。
北极光的知识(英文版)
Section A Finland Northern Lights The Northern Lights, also known as “Aurora Borealis(北极光)” or the “Dawn of the North”, never fail to take your breath away. The aurora borealis is one of the most sublime(超群的) and magnificent natural phenomena on Earth. Before scientists cracked(侦破) the mystery of the auroras, men were drawn(吸引) and fascinated(强烈地吸引住) by these dancing and magical lights that were often found in mythology(神话) and legends. In Roman Mythology, it is said that the Aurora is the deity(神) of the dawn. In North America, the Inuits (爱斯基摩人)have many legends that explain them as spirits of the dead. They believed that the lights are the essences(精华) of deer, salmon(鲑鱼), seals and other animals that they hunted. Aristotle (亚里斯多德)thought it was glowing air gushing(喷出) from cracks in the sky. The appearance of the red aurora in medieval(中世纪的) times was feared as a bad omen (前兆) or a sign of God's anger. They believed the manifestation (显现)of the aurora indicated famine or war. Charles Hall (查尔斯·霍尔), a 19th-century polar explorer, exclaimed: "Who but God can conceive(想出) such infinite(无穷的) scenes of glory?" Oddly enough, the Maori (毛利人)thought that the displays were just reflections of acampfire(营火) or torches.Regardless whether you believe the scientific facts or the legends behind its existence, you’ll still be captivated(吸住) by these supernatural display of lights, and there are countless destinations where you can see the majestic phenomenon. Finland（芬兰）, for example, should be a representative. Many visitors to Finland come with hopes of seeing the Finland Northern Lights. The best place to see the Northern Lights in Finland is in the northern Lapland region(拉普兰地区), which is almost entirely located within the realm(区域) of the Arctic Circle (北极圈). During the dark winter months here, when the sun rarely peaks(使达到最高峰) its head over the horizon, you can expect to see the Finland Northern Lights with regularity, and other peak(峰值) seasons include February through March and September through October. The time between 6 p.m. and 1 a.m. is the most intense period of the day. The highest probability within this timespan（时间间隔）to see the Finland Northern Lights is between 9 p.m. and 11:30 p.m., though they are certainly not restricted to this time frame. If you have never seen the Northern Lights wherever they commonly occur in the world, then you will be amazed the first time when you lay eyes on them.The Northern Lights are similar to a sunset in the sky at night, but appear occasionally in arcs（弧光）or spirals（螺旋形物）usually following the earth's magnetic（磁性的）field. They are most often light green in color but often have a hint of pink. Swirling(涡旋形的) shades of blue, green, and pink are most common when it comes to the Finland Northern Lights. Strong eruptions also haveviolet(紫罗兰色的) and white colours. Red northern lights are rare, but can sometimes be observed on lower latitudes(纬度).The Finland Aurora Borealis, while best seen in Lapland, can also be witnessed as far south as the capital city of Helsinki(赫尔辛基) from time to time, though on average, there are only some twenty days out of the year when viewing them is possible in most southern parts of the country. Part of the reason why it can be difficult to see the Northern Lights of Finland in Helsinki is because of the fact that it is hard to escape to dimly lit areas. The relative lack of city lights is just one of the reasons why the Lapland region sees some 200 nightly occurrences every year, and one must also consider the region’s northern location. The lower reaches(区域) of the Arctic Circle are ideal for viewing the Northern Lights across the planet, which is why Canada and Alaska are good destinations in the Western Hemisphere(半球).For those who are wondering what causes the Northern Lights in Finland, solar flares(耀斑) are largely responsible. These flares effectively cause solar winds and solar storms, which create lingering(游移的) atmospheric particles or matter. The Aurora Borealis is just caused by these charged(带电的) particles(粒子) ejected(喷出) from the sun. When these particles reach the earth, they collide(碰撞) with gas atoms in the earth's atmosphere causing them to energise( 释放出能量) which results in a spectacular multi-coloured light show. As such(因此), scientists can often accurately predict when the best times are for viewing the Northern Lights in Finland by keeping an eye out for(留心) solar flares. ( 757 words)New Wordsaurora [ɔ:'rɔ:rə] n. 曙光[C]; 极光[C];【罗神】(大写)奥罗拉(即曙光女神)sublime [sə'blaɪm] a. 雄伟的；卓越的；壮丽的；超群的crack [kræk] v. 敲破; 破(案); 破解draw v. 吸引(注意等)fascinate v. 强烈地吸引住mythology [mi'θɔlədʒi] n. 神话deity ['di:iti] n. 神essence ['esns] n. 精髓，精华salmon ['sæmən] n. 鲑，大麻哈鱼gush [gʌʃ] v. 涌出，喷出medieval [medi'i:vəl] a. 中世纪的，中古（时代）的;原始的omen ['əumən] n. 前兆，预兆，兆头manifestation [,mænifes'teiʃən] n. 显现conceive [kən'si:v] v. 想像；想出infinite ['infinit] a. 无穷的，广大无边的campfire ['kæmp,faiə] n. 营火,篝火captivate ['kæptiveit] v. 吸住；迷惑住realm [relm] n.区域，范围peak vt. 使达到最高峰n. 最大量；巅值，峰值timespan n. 时间间隔arc [ɑ:k] n. 弧；弧光spiral ['spairəl] n. 螺旋形物magnetic [mæg'netik] a. 磁(性)的swirling [swə:l] v. (使)打旋; 盘绕violet ['vaiəlit] a. 紫罗兰色的latitude ['lætitju:d] n. 纬度reach n. 区域，领域，范围hemisphere ['hemisfiə] n. 半球flare [flɛə] n. (太阳的)耀斑，色球爆发lingering ['liŋgəriŋ] a. 逗留不去的；游移的charge v. 充(电)particle ['pɑ:tikl] n. 颗粒，微粒；粒子eject [i'dʒekt] v. 喷出collide [kə'laid] v. (车等)碰撞(with)；(意志等)冲突，抵触(with) energise ['enədʒaiz] =energize（美）vt. 供给 ... 能量，使精力充沛vi. 释放出能量Useful Expressionstake one’s breath away 屏息凝神with regularity 经常地be restricted to 局限于lay eyes on 看到，看见a hint of 一丁点儿collide with (车等)碰撞；(意志等)冲突，抵触as such 这样；因此keep an eye out for 留心Proper NamesAurora Borealis 北极光the Inuit 因纽特人；爱斯基摩人Aristotle 亚里斯多德Charles Hall 查尔斯霍尔Maori 毛利人；毛利语Finland 芬兰Lapland region 拉普兰地区Arctic Circle 北极圈(北纬66度33分以北区域)Helsinki 赫尔辛基(芬兰首都)Notes1.Aurora Borealis: 北极光--- "北端的光"由太阳风和地球磁场及上层大气交互作用产生。
《经济学人》中英对照
（15）《经济学人》中英对照TEXT 1 Rebuilding the American dream chine 重建美国梦机器 Jan 19th xx | NEW YORK From The Economist print edition FOR America's colleges, January is a month of reckoning. Most applications for the next academic year beginning in the autumn have to be de by the end of De mber, so a university's popularity is put to an objective standard: how ny people want to attend. One of the more unlikely offi s to have been flooded with il is that of the City University of New York (CUNY), a public college that lacks, among other things, a famous sports team, bucolic campuses and raucous parties (it doesn't even have dorms), and, until re ntly, academic credibility. 对美国的大学而言，一月是一个清算的月份。
大多数要进入将于秋季开学的下一学年学习的申请必须在12月底前完成，因此一所大学的声望就有了客观依据：申请人的多少。
纽约城市大学，一所公立学院，与其他学校相比，它没有一支声名显赫的运动队，没有田园诗一般的校园，也没有喧嚣嘈杂的派对——甚至连宿舍都没有，而且，直到最近也没取得学术上的可信度，可就是这所大学的办公室塞满了学生们寄来的申请函，这简直有些令人难以置信。
北极光的知识(英文版)
The Aurora Borealis: A Glimpse intothe Northern LightsUnderstanding the Science Behind the Northern LightsThe Different Types of Northern LightsFactors Affecting the Visibility of the Northern LightsSeveral factors influence the visibility of the Northern Lights. The most crucial factor is solar activity, measured the Sun's 11year solar cycle. The lights are more frequent and intense during periods of high solar activity. Additionally, the time of year plays a significant role, as the Northern Lights are more visible during the equinoxes, particularly in March and September. Dark, clear skies are also essential for observing the Northern Lights, so remote locations away from city lights are ideal.How to Witness the Northern LightsTo witness the Northern Lights, planning and patience are key. First, you'll need to be in a location with a high latitude, such as Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, or Iceland. Check for solar activity forecasts and choose a time when the sky is clear and dark. Remember to dress warmly, as the best viewing conditions often occur in cold temperatures. Bring acamera to capture the stunning lights, and be prepared to wait, as the Northern Lights can be unpredictable.In conclusion, the Northern Lights are a breathtaking natural wonder that continues to captivate people around the world. By understanding the science behind this phenomenon and knowing the best conditions for viewing, you can increase your chances of experiencing this onceinalifetime spectacle.The Northern Lights: A Celestial Dance of Light and Color The Enchanting Patterns of the AuroraThe Mythology and History of the Northern LightsFor centuries, the Northern Lights have been a subject of fascination, inspiring myths and legends among various cultures. The Sami people of Scandinavia believed the lights were caused the firefoxes running so quickly across the snow that their tails sparked and ignited the sky. In Norse mythology, the lights were considered to be the reflections of the Valkyries' armor as they rode across the sky, leading fallen warriors to Valhalla. Early scientists, like the Greek explorer Pytheas, documented the Northern Lights as far back as 325 BCE, but it wasn't until the 17th century that scientists like Edmond Halley began to understand their true nature.The Impact of the Northern Lights on TechnologyChasing the Lights: A Guide for Aurora HuntersFor those who seek to witness the Northern Lights, the journey is often referred to as "aurora hunting." Here are some tips for aspiring hunters:Research and Prepare: Learn about the best times and locations for aurora viewing. Use aurora forecast websites to track solar activity and geomagnetic storms.Stay Informed: Sign up for aurora alerts and keep an eye on the weather forecast for clear skies.Be Patient: The Northern Lights can be elusive. Be prepared to wait for hours, and sometimes multiple nights,for the perfect conditions.Safety First: If you're venturing into remote areas, make sure you have the proper gear, a reliable form of transportation, and that someone knows your whereabouts.The Northern Lights: A Universal ConnectionThe Northern Lights are a humbling reminder of the interconnectedness of our planet with the vast universe. As we stand beneath the shimmering auroral glow, we are not just spectators but participants in a cosmic event that spans time and space. The Northern Lights, with their ethereal beauty, continue to inspire awe and curiosity, reminding us of the wonders that lie beyond our everyday world.The Northern Lights: A Celestial Symphony of Earth and SpaceThe Sensitive Relationship Between the Lights and Earth's EnvironmentThe Northern Lights are not just a passive display; they are a dynamic response to the Earth's environment. The interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere is influenced various environmental factors. For instance, the presence of coronal holes on the Sun can increase the speed of the solar wind, leading to more intense auroral activity. Additionally, the Earth's magnetic field itself is not static; it fluctuates and can even experience reversals over geological timescales, which in turn affects the behavior of the Northern Lights.The Sounds of the Northern LightsThe Northern Lights and Human HealthConserving the Night Sky for Future GenerationsThe Northern Lights rely on dark skies to be visible, and as urbanization spreads, artificial light pollution threatens the visibility of this natural wonder. Conservation efforts are underway to protect dark sky areas, ensuring that future generations can experience the Northern Lights in their full glory. Initiatives such as the International DarkSky Association work to educate the public about the importance of dark skies and to advocate for the reduction of light pollution.Tips for Photographing the Northern LightsFor those who wish to capture the Northern Lights through photography, here are some practical tips:Equipment: Use a camera with manual settings, a wideangle lens, and a sturdy tripod.Settings: Set your camera to a high ISO, a wide aperture (low fnumber), and a long shutter speed, depending on the brightness of the lights.Composition: Frame your shot with interesting foreground elements to add depth to your image.The Northern Lights: A Universal LanguageThe Northern Lights speak a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. They are a shared wonder of the natural world, capable of uniting people under the same aweinspiring sky. Whether you are a scientist studying their intricate patterns or a traveler seeking a onceinalifetime experience, the Northern Lights offer a profound connection to the cosmos and a reminder of the beauty that exists beyond our daily lives.。
英语小短文-自然现象-极光
Catching the amazing lights极光之旅Around the North and South Poles (北极和南极) of our planet (星球), sometimes we can see beautiful lights in the sky. We call them auroras (极光).Where do auroras come from? 极光从哪儿来？Scientists (科学家们) say that the sun brings auroras. There are many small particles (粒子) going from the sun to our planet. When they go through our atmosphere (大气层), they light it up (把它点亮). This is what we call an aurora.Auroras in the north are called “northern lights (北极光)” and those in the south are called “southern lights (南极光)”. They can be in different colors: green, red, yellow, and even purple. They have different shapes, such as circles, arcs (弧形) and ripples (波纹).Best places to watch auroras极光最佳观赏地Reykjavik, Iceland (雷克雅未克，冰岛)Iceland is an island country in the northern Atlantic Ocean (大西洋北部). Reykjavik is its capital. You can enjoy the hot springs (温泉) and the beautiful northern lights at the same time.Fairbanks, Alaska (费尔班克斯，美国阿拉斯加)Alaska is the northernmost (最北部的) state in the United States. Auroras are visible (可见的) all over the state. In its second-largest city Fairbanks, you can watch the northern lights during a sled dog (雪橇犬）adventure! The Alaskan malamutes (阿拉斯加雪橇犬) are very strong and gentle.Rovaniemi, Finland (罗瓦涅米，芬兰)Rovaniemi is a small and quiet town in Finland. Many people ride snowmobiles (雪地摩托车) to watch the beautiful lights. Rovaniemi is also the hometown of Santa Claus (圣诞老人). Let’s visit the white-bearded man and his cute reindeer (驯鹿) in the Santa Claus Village!Zhongshan Station (南极中山站，中国)Zhongshan Station is a Chinese scientific research base (科学考察基地) in Antarctica (南极洲). It was built in 1989. Many Chinese scientists work there. It is a wonderful place for them to observe (观测) the southern lights.文章介绍了极光的形成原理，并列举了几个观赏北极光和南极光的最佳地点，包括冰岛的雷克雅未克、美国阿拉斯加的费尔班克斯、芬兰的罗瓦涅米以及中国的南极中山站。
2023年12月英语B级考试真题及答案
2023年12月英语B级考试真题及答案阅读理解阅读理解一People around the world have been captivated by the beauty and mystery of the Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis. This stunning natural phenomenon occurs when the Earth’s magnetic field interacts with charged particles from the sun. The result is a breathtaking light display in the night sky.The best time to see the Northern Lights is during the winter months in northern latitudes, such as Alaska, Canada, and Scandinavia. These regions have long nights and clear skies, which provide optimal conditions for viewing the phenomenon. Tourists from all over the world flock to these destinations in hopes of catching a glimpse of the Aurora Borealis.The Northern Lights can appear in a variety of colors, including green, red, blue, and purple. The colors depend on the type of gas particles in the Earth’s atmosphere. For example, green lights are produced by oxygen molecules, while red lights are produced by nitrogen molecules.In addition to their stunning beauty, the Northern Lights have also been the subject of scientific study. Researchers have used instruments such as cameras, spectrometers, and magnetometers to study this natural phenomenon. Byexamining the colors and patterns of the lights, scientists can learn m ore about the Earth’s atmosphere and space weather.Overall, the Northern Lights are a truly awe-inspiring sight. Whether you are a scientist studying the lights or a tourist hoping to catch a glimpse, this natural phenomenon is sure to leave a lasting impression.Questions:1.What causes the Northern Lights?2.When is the best time to see the Northern Lights?3.Where are the best locations to view the NorthernLights?4.What determines the colors of the Northern Lights?5.How have scientists studied the Northern Lights?6.What is the overall impression of the NorthernLights?Answers:1.The Northern Lights are caused by the Earth’smagnetic field interacting with charged particles from the sun.2.The best time to see the Northern Lights is duringthe winter months in northern latitudes.3.The best locations to view the Northern Lights are inAlaska, Canada, and Scandinavia.4.The colors of the Northern Lights are determined bythe type of gas particles in the Earth’s atmosphere.5.Scientists have studied the Northern Lights usinginstruments such as cameras, spectrometers, andmagnetometers.6.The overall impression of the Northern Lights is thatthey are a truly awe-inspiring sight.阅读理解二Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of people working remotely. This trend has been driven by advancements in technology, such as high-speed internet and video conferencing, as well as changes in workplace culture.Working remotely offers a number of benefits. First and foremost, it allows individuals to have more flexibility in their work schedule. They can choose when and where they work, which can lead to increased productivity and work-life balance. Additionally, remote work eliminates the need for a daily commute, saving individuals time and money.Another advantage of remote work is the ability to tap into a global talent pool. Companies are no longer limited to hiring employees within a certain geographic area. They can recruit and hire the best talent from around the world, which can lead to increased diversity and innovation within the organization.However, remote work also presents some challenges. One of the biggest challenges is communication. Without face-to-face interaction, it can be more difficult to collaborate and build relationships with colleagues. Additionally, remote workers may struggle with creating boundaries between work and personal life, as their workspace is often within their home.In conclusion, remote work offers many benefits, including flexibility and access to a global talent pool. However, it also poses challenges, such as communication and work-life balance. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that remote work will become even more prevalent in the coming years.Questions:1.What has driven the increase in remote work?2.What are the benefits of working remotely?3.How does remote work affect productivity andwork-life balance?4.What is one advantage of remote work forcompanies?5.What are some challenges of remote work?6.What is the likely future of remote work?Answers:1.The increase in remote work has been driven by advancements in technology and changes in workplace culture.2.The benefits of working remotely include flexibility in work schedule, increased productivity, and elimination of commute time.3.Remote work can lead to increased productivity and improved work-life balance.4.One advantage of remote work for companies is the ability to tap into a global talent pool.5.Challenges of remote work include communication and creating boundaries between work and personal life.6.The likely future of remote work is that it will become even more prevalent as technology continues to advance.。
关于北级的英语作文
关于北级的英语作文标题，Exploring the Northern Lights: A Spectacular Natural Phenomenon。
Introduction:The Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, are one of the most mesmerizing natural phenomena visible in the Earth's polar regions. With their stunning display of colorful lights dancing across the night sky, the Northern Lights have captivated the imagination of people for centuries. In this essay, we will delve into the magic of the Northern Lights, exploring their origins, scientific explanations, cultural significance, and the experience of witnessing this awe-inspiring spectacle firsthand.Origins and Scientific Explanation:The Northern Lights occur when charged particles from the sun, carried by solar winds, collide with gases in theEarth's atmosphere. These collisions release energy in the form of light, creating the vibrant colors that illuminate the night sky. The most common colors seen in the Northern Lights are green and pink, although shades of red, purple, blue, and yellow can also appear depending on the altitude and atmospheric conditions.The Earth's magnetic field plays a crucial role in guiding these charged particles towards the polar regions, where they interact with gases such as oxygen and nitrogen in the upper atmosphere. This interaction producesdifferent colors and shapes, resulting in the spectacular light show that we admire from the ground.Cultural Significance:Throughout history, the Northern Lights have held great cultural significance for communities living in the Arctic regions. Indigenous peoples, such as the Inuit and Sami, have rich folklore and legends surrounding the Aurora Borealis, often associating them with spirits, ancestors, or messages from the gods. For these communities, theNorthern Lights are not just a scientific phenomenon but a spiritual and cultural experience that connects them to the natural world and their cultural heritage.In addition to indigenous cultures, the Northern Lights have also inspired artists, writers, and scientists from around the world. Countless paintings, poems, and stories have been inspired by the ethereal beauty of the Aurora Borealis, reflecting humanity's fascination with the mysteries of the cosmos.Experiencing the Northern Lights:For many people, witnessing the Northern Lights is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that leaves a lasting impression. Travelers flock to destinations such as Norway, Iceland, Canada, and Alaska, hoping to catch a glimpse of the elusive Aurora Borealis. However, seeing the Northern Lights requires patience, as they are a natural phenomenon influenced by various factors such as solar activity, weather conditions, and light pollution.Those lucky enough to witness the Northern Lights often describe it as a surreal and awe-inspiring moment. Thesight of shimmering curtains of light dancing across the sky evokes feelings of wonder, humility, and reverence for the beauty of the natural world. Some even believe that watching the Northern Lights can be a transformative experience, leaving a profound impact on their outlook on life and the universe.Conclusion:In conclusion, the Northern Lights are a breathtaking display of nature's beauty and complexity, captivating both the scientific community and the human imagination. From their origins in solar physics to their cultural significance for indigenous peoples, the Aurora Borealis continues to inspire wonder and awe in all who have the privilege of witnessing them. As we continue to explore and appreciate the wonders of the natural world, let us cherish the magic of the Northern Lights and the sense of wonder they evoke in all of us.。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文51Those Fascinating Northern Lights迷人的北极光
51. Those Fascinating Northern Lights迷人的北极光1.At 10:00 p.m.on March 23,1969,the Bowater Power Water Company in Deer Lake,Newfoundland<纽芬兰>experienced<经验，经历> a disturbance<n干扰，骚动，打扰，搅动> on its system.The frequency<n频繁性，频率> converter<n变频器，炼钢熔炉，变流器，转换器> at Corner Brook tripped off<跳开>,shutting down half of the big paper mill<造纸厂>.There was a radio blackout<n中断，灯火管制，眩晕> over most of the Atlantic Provinces.And accompanying<伴随> these activities was a magnificient display of northern lights<北极光>—boiling up out of the north and hanging in bundles of long rays<光束，射束，声线束> like draperies<n（供装饰用的）织物，帷帐，布料> across the sky.Ninety-three million miles away,a rather ugly<adj丑陋的，难看的> looking sunspot<n太阳黑子，雀斑> was making its way across the disc<n圆盘，磁盘，唱片> of the sun.1.1969年3月23日晚上10点，保华特水电公司位于纽芬兰鹿湖的设备系统出现了异常；科纳布鲁克的变频器跳闸，使得一半的大造纸厂停产；大西洋沿岸各省的无线电中断。
economist(经济学人)精品文章中英对照
Whopper to go至尊汉堡，打包带走Will Burger King be gobbled up by private equity?汉堡王是否会被私人股本吞并？Sep 2nd 2010 | NEW YORKSHARES in Burger King (BK) soared on September 1st on reports that the fast-food company was talking to several private-equity firms interested in buying it. How much beef was behind these stories was unclear. But lately the company famous for the slogan “Have It Your Way” has certainly not been having it its own way. There may be arguments about whether BK or McDonald’s serves the best fries, but there is no doubt which is more popular with stockmarket investors: the maker of the Big Mac has supersized its lead in the past two years.有报道披露，快餐企业汉堡王（BK）正在与数个有收购意向的私人股本接洽，9月1日，汉堡王的股值随之飙升。
这些报道究竟有多少真材实料不得而知。
汉堡王的著名口号是“我选我味”，但如今显然它身不由己，心中五味杂陈。
汉堡王和麦当劳哪家薯条最好吃，食客们一直争论不休，但股票投资人更喜欢哪家股票，却一目了然：过去两年里，巨无霸麦当劳一直在扩大自己的优势。
北极极光的作文英文
北极极光的作文英文英文：The Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis, is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic region.It is a beautiful display of colorful lights dancing across the night sky. I have been lucky enough to witness this amazing spectacle a few times in my life, and each time it takes my breath away.The Northern Lights occur when electrically charged particles from the sun collide with particles in theEarth's atmosphere. These collisions create energy, whichis released in the form of light. The colors of the lights depend on the types of particles involved in the collision. For example, green lights are caused by oxygen particles, while red lights are caused by nitrogen particles.One of the most memorable experiences I had watching the Northern Lights was when I was in Iceland. I wasstanding on a black sand beach, and the lights were reflecting off the water, creating an incredible display of colors. It was so quiet, and I could hear the sound of the waves crashing on the shore. It was a moment of pure awe and wonder.中文：北极光，也被称为极光，是在北极地区发生的自然现象。
职称英语阅读翻译-北极光
职称英语阅读第十三篇 The Northern Lights北极光The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather．It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check1! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour2．These particles are called plasma，and the stream of plasma3 coming from the Sun is called the solar wind．The more active the Sun，the stronger the solar wind．The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth，but don’t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet．The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles．The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth．When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field，the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect．4The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles．As the electrons fall to the Earth，they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere，creating flashes of light in the sky．Each atmospheric gas glows a different color．Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple．As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky，they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights．Watching auroras is fun and exciting，but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada．The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate，flicker，or even move like waves．During solar maximum，5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida，even Mexico! 6Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground，but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground，a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly．A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long，a few hundred kilometers high，but only a few hundred meters thick．We hope you are able to travel to far north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime．We know you will never forget it!太阳是暴躁的，有它自己的一种气象。
The Enchantment of the Northern Lights
The Enchantment of the Northern Lights The Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, is a natural phenomenon that has been enchanting people for centuries. The dancing lights in the sky, which are caused by the collision of charged particles from the sun with the Earth's atmosphere, create a breathtaking display of colors and shapes that leave spectators in awe. The Northern Lights can be seen in several places around the world, but the best place to witness this magical display is in the Arctic region. In this response, I will explore the enchantment of the Northern Lights from different perspectives.From a scientific perspective, the Northern Lights are a result of the interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind. The solar wind, which is a stream of charged particles emanating from the sun, collides with the Earth's magnetic field, causing the particles to move towards the poles. As the particles enter the Earth's atmosphere, they collide with gas molecules, creating the beautiful colors and patterns that we see in the sky. Scientists have been studying the Northern Lights for many years, and their research has helped us to understand the complex interaction between the Earth and the sun.From a cultural perspective, the Northern Lights have played a significant role in the folklore and mythology of many cultures. In Norse mythology, the Northern Lights were believed to be the armor of the Valkyries, the warrior maidens who escorted the souls of fallen warriors to Valhalla. In Finnish mythology, the Northern Lights were thought to be caused by a magical fox who ran across the snow, creating sparks with its tail. Many indigenous cultures in the Arctic region also have their own stories and beliefs about the Northern Lights, which reflect their deep connection to the natural world.From a tourist perspective, the Northern Lights are a major attraction for people from all over the world. Many tour operators offer Northern Lights tours, which take visitors to remote locations in the Arctic region where they can witness the spectacle firsthand. The experience of seeing the Northern Lights is often described as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and it is not hard to see why. The combination of the natural beauty of the Arctic landscape and the magical display of lights in the sky creates an unforgettable experience that leaves a lasting impression on visitors.From a personal perspective, the enchantment of the Northern Lights is difficult to put into words. As someone who has been lucky enough to witness this spectacle firsthand, I can attest to the fact that it is a truly magical experience. The feeling of standing in the middle of a frozen wilderness, surrounded by nothing but snow and ice, while the sky above you comes alive with colors and shapes is indescribable. It is a moment that stays with you forever, and it is easy to see why people become so enchanted with the Northern Lights.From an environmental perspective, the Northern Lights are a reminder of the fragility of our planet and the importance of protecting it. The interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind that creates the Northern Lights is a delicate balance that is easily disrupted by human activity. Climate change, pollution, and other environmental factors can all have an impact on the Northern Lights, and it is important that we take steps to protect this natural wonder for future generations to enjoy.In conclusion, the enchantment of the Northern Lights is a multifaceted phenomenon that can be appreciated from many different perspectives. From a scientific perspective, it is a result of the complex interaction between the Earth and the sun. From a cultural perspective, it is a reflection of the deep connection between humans and the natural world. From a tourist perspective, it is a major attraction that draws people from all over the world. From a personal perspective, it is a magical experience that stays with you forever. And from an environmental perspective, it is a reminder of the importance of protecting our planet. The Northern Lights are truly a wonder of the natural world, and their enchantment will continue to captivate people for generations to come.。
介绍一种科学现象的英语作文高中
介绍一种科学现象的英语作文高中全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! Today, I want to tell you all about a super cool science phenomenon called the Northern Lights. Have you heard of it before? It's also known as aurora borealis, and it's truly a magical sight to see in the sky.So, what exactly are the Northern Lights? Well, they occur when charged particles from the sun collide with gases in the Earth's atmosphere. These collisions create beautiful colors in the sky, like green, pink, purple, and red. It's like a colorful dance party happening right above us!The best place to see the Northern Lights is in high-latitude regions like Alaska, Canada, and Scandinavia. But sometimes, if you're lucky, you can even catch a glimpse of them in places like Iceland or Scotland.When you see the Northern Lights, it feels like you're witnessing something out of this world. The colors swirl and twirl in the sky, creating patterns that look like shimmering curtains ordancing waves. It's truly a breathtaking experience that will leave you in awe of the wonders of our universe.I hope you all get the chance to see the Northern Lights one day. It's a natural phenomenon that will leave you with memories to last a lifetime. Who knows, maybe one day we'll even get to study them up close and unlock the secrets behind their beauty. Until then, keep looking up at the sky and dreaming big!篇2Ahem, ahem, hi everyone! Today I want to talk about a super cool science phenomenon called the Northern Lights! Have you heard about it before? It's like a magical light show in the sky that happens in the far north near the Arctic Circle.So, basically, the Northern Lights are caused by the sun. Yep, the sun! When the sun has a big burp of energy called a solar flare, it shoots out a bunch of charged particles into space. These particles travel through space and eventually reach our Earth.Now, here's where the magic happens. When these charged particles reach our Earth's atmosphere, they interact with gases like oxygen and nitrogen. This interaction creates beautiful colors like green, purple, red, and blue that dance across the sky. It's like a colorful party in the night!The best time to see the Northern Lights is during the winter when the nights are long and dark. People travel from all over the world to see this amazing sight. Some even say it's like seeing nature's own fireworks display.I hope you enjoyed learning about the Northern Lights as much as I did! It's just one of the many amazing things that happen in our world thanks to science. Keep being curious and exploring the wonders of our universe! Bye-bye now!篇3Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about a really cool science phenomenon called the Northern Lights. Have you ever heard of it? Well, let me tell you all about it!The Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, are beautiful natural lights that can be seen in the northern hemisphere. They appear in the sky as colorful streaks of light, usually in shades of green, blue, pink, and purple. The lights dance and move across the sky, creating a stunning show that is truly mesmerizing.But how do the Northern Lights happen? Well, let me explain it in simple terms. The lights are caused by particles from the sun colliding with gases in the Earth's atmosphere. These collisionsrelease energy in the form of light, which is what creates the colorful display we see in the sky.The best time to see the Northern Lights is during the winter months, when the nights are long and dark. The best places to see them are in countries like Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. People travel from all over the world to witness this incredible natural phenomenon, and it's definitely a sight worth seeing!So, next time you're outside on a clear winter night, make sure to look up at the sky and see if you can spot the Northern Lights. It's a magical experience that you won't soon forget!I hope you enjoyed learning about this amazing science phenomenon. Thanks for listening!篇4Oh, hello everyone! Today I want to talk about a really cool science phenomenon called bioluminescence. It's like magic in nature!So, have you ever seen those little fireflies that light up at night? Well, that's bioluminescence! It's when living organismslike fireflies, jellyfish, and some types of bacteria can produce their own light. How amazing is that?The way it works is super interesting. These organisms have special chemicals inside their bodies that react with oxygen to create light. It's like a tiny light show all happening inside them!But bioluminescence isn't just for fireflies and jellyfish. There are even some types of mushrooms and deep-sea creatures that can glow in the dark! Imagine walking through a forest and seeing mushrooms lighting up the ground like little lanterns. It's like something out of a fairy tale!Scientists are still studying bioluminescence to understand how it works and how we can use it for different things. Some researchers are even trying to create bioluminescent plants that can light up our cities without using electricity. How amazing would that be?So, next time you see a firefly or a glow-in-the-dark jellyfish, remember that you're witnessing one of nature's coolest and most magical phenomena: bioluminescence! Isn't science just the coolest?篇5Title: The Amazing Science of LightningHi everyone! Today, I want to talk to you about something super cool and a little bit scary – lightning! Have you ever seen a lightning bolt streak across the sky during a thunderstorm? It’s like a big flash of light that lights up the whole sky for just a second. Lightning is actually a really powerful form of electricity that happens during thunderstorms.So, here’s how it works: when a thunderstorm is happening, the clouds are moving around and rubbing together. This makes the clouds get all charged up with electricity. The negative charges gather at the bottom of the cloud, while the positive charges build up at the top. Eventually, the negative charges on the bottom of the cloud reach down towards the ground, looking for a place to connect with the positive charges.When the negative charges from the cloud meet the positive charges from the ground, BOOM! Lightning strikes! The lightning bolt is like a big spark of electricity that travels super fast from the cloud to the ground. That’s why we see it as a quick flash of light.But did you know that lightning can also strike from cloud to cloud? It’s true! Sometimes, the lightning bolt will jump fromone cloud to another instead of going all the way down to the ground. Isn’t that amazing?So, the next time you see a thunderstorm and hear the rumble of thunder, remember that it’s all because of the incredible science of lightning. Stay safe and remember to stay indoors during storms! Thanks for listening!篇6Title: The Amazing Phenomenon of PhotosynthesisHey everyone! Today I want to talk to you about this super cool thing called photosynthesis. Have you ever heard of it? It's like magic that happens in plants to help them grow and make food for themselves.So, here's the deal - photosynthesis is a process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make their own food. Isn't that wild? I mean, they literally make their own food out of thin air and sunshine!Here's how it works: first, the plant's leaves take in sunlight through a special pigment called chlorophyll. This pigment absorbs the sunlight and uses its energy to convert carbondioxide from the air and water from the ground into glucose, which is a type of sugar that plants use as food.But wait, there's more! During this process, plants also release oxygen into the air as a byproduct. Isn't that amazing? They basically clean the air for us while making their own food.And get this - without photosynthesis, we wouldn't be able to survive because plants are at the bottom of the food chain. They provide food for animals, which in turn provide food for us. So, in a way, we owe our lives to this incredible phenomenon.Next time you see a plant soaking up the sun, remember all the hard work it's doing to keep us alive. Photosynthesis truly is a magical and essential process in our world. Cool, right?篇7Title: A Cool Science Phenomenon - Northern LightsHey guys! Today I want to tell you about a super awesome science phenomenon called the Northern Lights. Have you ever heard of it before? It's like a magical light show in the sky!So, the Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, happen when particles from the sun bump into atoms and molecules in the Earth's atmosphere. These particles come fromthe sun in something called solar wind. When the particles collide with the atoms and molecules, they create beautiful colors in the sky.The colors can be green, pink, purple, or even red! Imagine seeing a rainbow in the sky at night - so cool, right? The Northern Lights are usually seen in countries near the North Pole, like Norway, Sweden, and Canada. You have to be in a dark place away from city lights to see them clearly.People have been watching the Northern Lights for centuries and have come up with all sorts of stories and myths about them. Some people think they are spirits dancing in the sky, while others believe they bring good luck.Next time you see pictures of the Northern Lights, remember that they are not just pretty colors - they are a super cool science phenomenon that happens way up in the sky. Maybe one day you can travel to see them in person! How awesome would that be?篇8Hi everyone, I'm going to tell you about a super cool scientific phenomenon called the Northern Lights. Have you everheard of them? They're like colorful lights in the sky that dance around and look super magical!So, the Northern Lights are also known as the Aurora Borealis. They mainly happen near the North Pole, which is why they're called the Northern Lights. But did you know there are also Southern Lights called the Aurora Australis near the South Pole? How cool is that?The Northern Lights are caused by particles from the sun that collide with gases in the Earth's atmosphere. These particles are mostly electrons and protons, and when they collide with the gases, they create beautiful colors in the sky. The most common colors are green and pink, but sometimes you can also see purple, blue, and red in the Northern Lights.One of the best places to see the Northern Lights is in Norway, Finland, Iceland, or Canada. People from all over the world travel to these places just to catch a glimpse of this amazing natural light show. It's definitely on my bucket list to see them one day!So next time you're outside on a clear night, look up at the sky and you might just spot the Northern Lights. It's like nature's own fireworks display and it's truly breathtaking. I can't wait to see them in person one day!篇9Hello everyone! Today, I'm going to talk about a super cool science phenomenon called the Northern Lights. Have you ever heard of it before? It's like a magical light show that happens in the sky!So, what exactly are the Northern Lights? Well, they are also known as Aurora Borealis and they occur when electrically charged particles from the sun collide with gases in the Earth's atmosphere. These collisions create beautiful and colorful lights that dance across the sky.The Northern Lights can be seen in countries like Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and even Canada and Alaska. People travel from all over the world to witness this amazing natural phenomenon. It's like watching a colorful fireworks display, but in the sky!The colors of the Northern Lights can vary from green to pink to purple to red. It all depends on which type of gas the particles are interacting with in the atmosphere. The lights can also move and change shape, making it even more mesmerizing to watch.So, next time you have a chance to see the Northern Lights, make sure to look up at the sky and enjoy the show. It's truly a unique and magical experience that will leave you in awe of the wonders of our universe. I hope you all get to witness this amazing science phenomenon someday! Thank you for listening!篇10Hello everyone! Today I want to talk to you about a really cool science phenomenon called the Northern Lights. Have you ever seen pictures or videos of these beautiful lights in the sky? They are so amazing!The Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, are natural light displays that can be seen in the sky near the North Pole. They are caused by particles from the sun colliding with gases in the Earth's atmosphere. This collision creates bright and colorful lights in the sky, usually in shades of green, pink, purple, and blue.One of the best places to see the Northern Lights is in countries like Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. People from all over the world travel to these countries just to catch a glimpse of this incredible natural wonder.Scientists have been studying the Northern Lights for many years, trying to understand how and why they occur. They have found that the lights are most active around the equinoxes in March and September, and tend to be more vibrant in areas with little light pollution.Next time you see a picture of the Northern Lights, remember that they are not just pretty lights in the sky – they are a fascinating scientific phenomenon that can teach us a lot about our planet and the universe. Let's keep exploring and learning about the amazing world around us!。
P071阅读判断13Northern Lights北极光
5. You cannot see the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada.B Wrong
6. Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.C Not mentioned
The Beauty of the Northern Lights
The Beauty of the Northern LightsThe Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the polar regions. It is a breathtaking display of colorful lights that dance across the sky, leaving viewers in awe of its beauty. The lights are caused by charged particles from the sun colliding with the Earth's magnetic field, creating a stunning display of lights that can be seen from miles away. In this essay, I will explore the beauty of the Northern Lights from multiple perspectives.From a scientific perspective, the Northern Lights are a result of the interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the charged particles from the sun. These particles are constantly being emitted from the sun, and when they reach the Earth's atmosphere, they collide with the gases present, causing them to glow. The colors that are seen in the Northern Lights are a result of the different gases that are present in the Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen produces green and red lights, while nitrogen produces blue and purple lights.From an artistic perspective, the Northern Lights are a source of inspiration for many artists. The vibrant colors and movement of the lights are often depicted in paintings, photographs, and other forms of art. The Northern Lights have been a source of inspiration for artists for centuries, and their beauty has been captured in many different ways. The lights have also been the inspiration for many songs, poems, and other forms of creative expression.From a cultural perspective, the Northern Lights hold a special place in the hearts of many people. In many cultures, the lights are seen as a symbol of good luck, and they are often associated with spiritual beliefs. In some cultures, the lights are seen as the spirits of ancestors, dancing in the sky. The lights are also a popular tourist attraction in many countries, and they are often associated with the culture and traditions of those countries.From a personal perspective, the Northern Lights are a once-in-a-lifetime experience that many people dream of seeing. The lights are a reminder of the beauty and magic that exists in the world, and they have the power to leave a lasting impression on those whowitness them. For many people, seeing the Northern Lights is a bucket list item, and the experience is often described as life-changing.From an environmental perspective, the Northern Lights are a reminder of the importance of preserving the natural world. The lights are a result of the Earth's magnetic field, which is a vital part of the planet's ecosystem. The Northern Lights are also a reminder of the impact that humans have on the environment, and they serve as a call to action to protect the planet for future generations.In conclusion, the Northern Lights are a beautiful and awe-inspiring natural phenomenon that can be appreciated from multiple perspectives. From a scientific perspective, they are a result of the interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and charged particles from the sun. From an artistic perspective, they are a source of inspiration for many artists. From a cultural perspective, they hold a special place in the hearts of many people. From a personal perspective, they are a once-in-a-lifetime experience that can leave a lasting impression. And from an environmental perspective, they are a reminder of the importance of preserving the natural world. The Northern Lights are a testament to the beauty and magic that exists in the world, and they serve as a reminder to appreciate and protect the planet we call home.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Northern lights北极光The Nordic countries are reinventing their model of capitalism, says Adrian Wooldridge 艾德里-伍尔德里奇（Adrian Wooldridge）指出北欧国家正在重塑它们的资本主义模式THIRTY YEARS AGO Margaret Thatcher turned Britain into the world’s leading centre of “thinking the unthinkable”. Today that distinction has pas sed to Sweden. The streets of Stockholm are awash with the blood of sacred cows. The think-tanks are brimful of new ideas. The erstwhile champion of the “third way” is now pursuing a far more interesting brand of politics.三十年前马格丽特-撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher）将英国转变成了一个在全世界首屈一指“敢于想不可想象之事”的中心。
今天这项荣耀则移到了瑞典头上。
斯德哥尔摩的大街上充满着打破禁忌局限所产生的新气象。
智囊机构的好点子层出不穷。
之前身为“第三条道路”[1]的拥护者，如今瑞典所追求的政治模式要比过去有趣得多。
Sweden has reduced public spending as a proportion of GDP from 67% in 1993 to 49% today. It could soon have a smaller state than Britain. It has also cut the top marginal tax rate by 27 percentage points since 1983, to 57%, and scrapped a mare’s nest of taxes on property, gifts, wealth and inheritance. This year it is cutting the corporate-tax rate from 26.3% to 22%.瑞典政府开支占国民生产总值（GDP）的比例已从1993年的67%降到了今天的49%。
很快其政府规模将会比英国更小。
同时，瑞典的最高边际税率已降到了57%，比1983年整整低了27个百分点，而且瑞典政府也已取消了大量混乱不堪的财产税，馈赠税以及继承税。
今年瑞典将会把企业所得税从26.3%下调到22%。
Sweden has also donned the golden straitjacket of fiscal orthodoxy with its pledge to produce a fiscal surplus over the economic cycle. Its public debt fell from 70% of GDP in 1993 to 37% in 2010, and its budget moved from an 11% deficit to a surplus of 0.3% over the same period. This allowed a country with a small, open economy to recover quickly from the financial storm of 2007-08. Sweden has also put its pension system on a sound foundation, replacing a defined-benefit system with a defined-contribution one and making automatic adjustments for longer life expectancy.瑞典也披上了“黄金紧身衣”[2]——承诺会在这个经济周期内达到财政预算盈余。
其政府债务占GDP的比例已从已从1993年的70%减少到了2010年的37%。
同期瑞典政府预算也从11%的赤字转变至0.3%的盈余。
所有这些行动使这个开放的小经济体迅速地从2007-08的金融风暴中恢复过来。
瑞典同时也打稳了其退休金制度的基础，将约定提存制度改成了约定给付制度[3]，并让退休金根据平均寿命的增长自动进行调整。
Most daringly, it has introduced a universal system of school vouchers and invited private schools to compete with public ones. Private companies also vie with each other to provide state-funded health services and care for the elderly. Anders Aslund, a Swedish economist who lives in America, hopes that Swed en is pioneering “a new conservative model”; Brian Palmer, an American anthropologist who lives in Sweden, worries that it is turning into “the United States of Swedeamerica”.瑞典政策中最大胆的一项要数引入普遍的学券制度[4]，使得私立学校和公立学校互相竞争。
私人公司也会互相较劲争夺由政府出资支付的医疗和老年人看护服务业务。
身居美国的瑞典经济学家安德斯-阿斯朗德（Ander Aslund）期待瑞典开创“一种崭新的保守主义模式”，而身居瑞典的美国人类学家布莱恩-帕尔默（Brian Palmer）则担心瑞典正在转变成美国的翻版。
There can be no doubt that Sweden’s quiet revolution has brought about a dram atic change in its economic performance. The two decades from 1970 were a period of decline: the country was demoted from being the world’s fourth-richest in 1970 to 14th-richest in 1993, when the average Swede was poorer than the average Briton or Italian. The two decades from 1990 were a period of recovery: GDP growth between 1993 and 2010 averaged 2.7% a year and productivity 2.1% a year, compared with 1.9% and 1% respectively for the main 15 EU countries.瑞典无声无息的改革已为其经济表现带来翻天覆地的变化，这是不容置疑的。
1970年，瑞典是世界第四富有的国家，在其后的二十几年里，它在全世界国家富足程度排行榜上一路下跌，到1993年只能列居第十四位。
当时，普通的瑞典人要比普通的英国人或是意大利人都更穷。
1990年之后的二十年则迎来了一段复苏期，1993年至2010年间瑞典GDP年均增长率达到2.7%，生产力年均增长率则为2.1%。
同期在欧盟主要的15个国家里，这两个年均增长率分别是1.9%和1%。
For most of the 20th century Sweden prided itself on offering what Marquis Childs called, in his 1936 book of that title, a “Middle Way” between capitalism and socialism. Global companies such as Volvo and Ericsson generated wealth while enlightened bureaucrats built the Folkhemmet or “People’s Home”. As the decades rolled by, the middle way veered left. The government kept growing: public spending as a share of GDP nearly doubled from 1960 to 1980 and peaked at 67% in 1993. Taxes kept rising. The Social Democrats (who ruled Sweden for 44 uninterrupted years from 1932 to 1976 and for 21 out of the 24 years from 1982 to 2006) kept squeezing business. “The era of neo-capitalism is drawing to an end,” said Olof Palme, the party’s leader, in 1974. “It is some kind of socialism that is the ke y to the future.”在20世纪的大多数时间里，瑞典都以自己的独特的政治路线为豪。
马其斯-查尔兹（Marquis Childs）1936年所著的《中间路线》一书将这种模式称为介于资本主义和社会主义中间的一条道路。
在这一模式下，如沃尔沃和爱立信之类的全球企业负责制造财富，而开明的官僚则专注于建立“人民之家”[5]。
几十年的时间过去了，这条中间路线开始逐渐偏左。
政府规模越来越大：1960年至1980年间，政府开支占GDP的比例几乎翻了一倍，并于1993年达到67%的高峰。