模拟联合国会议手册

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模拟联合国会议培训手册[1]

模拟联合国会议培训手册[1]

会议指导手册Conference Training Handbook模拟联合国的会议组织在模拟联合国会议里,参加者(Delegates)以及代表团(Delegation)为单位,共同代表一个国家(to Represent A Certain Country),在模拟联合国会议中的不同委员会(Committee)里,以国家代表的身份进行演讲(Republic Speaking)、辩论(Debate)和游说(Lobby)等,争取国家利益的最大化。

模拟联合国会议规模虽有大小之分,但各委员会的进程和规则基本一致。

同学们在进行了较为充分的准备后都能在其中参与正式辩论(Formal Debate)、非正式辩论(Informal Debate),并且广泛参与协商和合作(Negotiation and Collaboration),以争取其所代表国家的国家利益能在特定一体(Topic Area)的决议(Resolution)中得到充分体现。

在本次深圳市高级中学模拟联合国会议的两个委员会中,一个国家均由两名同学代表,这样,两位代表的分工与协作能提高其工作效率,如一名代表在进行辩论或演讲时,另一名代表可以同时进行游说和草拟会议文件的工作等。

委员会结构一个委员会由一个主席团(Members of the Dais)负责。

主席(Chair)主持会议,其任务是按照联合国正式的程序规则监督并推动会议进程(Oversees Debate and Guides Delegates Through the Rules of Procedure)。

会议指导(Director)负责审阅批准代表提交的会议文件,并对会议进程和代表表现提出建议和评价;主席助理(Rapporteur)负责点名、统计代表人数、录入发言人名单(Speakers’List)。

规则与技巧模拟联合国会议通过严格按照联合国会议(Formal Rules of Procedure)的规则进行,以保证每位代表都有平等的发言权(Equal Opportunity to Be Heard)。

初高中模拟联合国流程

初高中模拟联合国流程

The Chair: distinguished delegates, my name is XXX, the chair of today’s conference.To my right is the rapporteur, XXX. To my left is the Director, XXX. Now, the rapporteur will do the ROLL CALL.主席:尊敬的各位代表,我是XXX,是今天会议的主席。

在我右手边的是今天的主席助理,XXX。

在我左手边的是今天的会议指导,XXX。

现在请主席助理进行点名。

一、点名The Rapporteur: Honorable delegates,now we are going to hace the roll call.Those countries called please raise your placards and answer PRESENT. Afghanistan......主席助理:尊敬的各位代表,现在我们将要进行点名,请被点到国家名的代表高举国家牌,并回答“到”,阿富汗。

Afghanistan: PRESENT阿富汗:到。

The Rapporteur: Afghanistan is PRESENT主席助理:阿富汗出席。

……以此类推。

之后要介绍出席国家数和未出席国家数,还要介绍20%多数、简单多数以及上三分之二多数的国家数。

The Rapporteur: There are 40 countries present,and 10 countries absent. The 20% majority is …. in favor. The Simple majority is …. in favor. TheTwo-thirds majority is …. in favor.主席助理:今天的会议有40个国家出席,10个国家缺席。

英文会议手册

英文会议手册

DIRECTORYWelcome Letter Page 2 Part 1 The Schedule of SDUWMUN Page 3 Part 2 The Committee Introduction Page 51.The Committee History2.The Structure of the Committee3.Country MatrixPart 3 The Topics & Background Page 6 Part 4 The Advice of theDais & Relevant WebsitesPage 7 Part 5 Conference Procedure & Rules Page 81. General Conference Information2. Rules on Formal Debate3. Rules Governing Resolutions4. Rules Governing Voting5. Precedence of MotionsPart 6 Award Page22 Part 7 Meeting Etiquette Page23 Appendix I Page24Welcome LetterDear Delegates and Faculty Advisors,It’s my distinct pleasure to welcome you to the fourth session of Model United Nations of Shandong University at Weihai. This conference will be held from 30th October to 31st October, 2010, hosted by the International Cooperation and Communication Department, organized by Students’ International Communication Association. We also have invited some universities in Shandong Province to participate in the conference.This is really an amazing conference, which not just develops your expertise in research, writing, public speaking but also the art of negotiation as you fight for the interests of the countries you will represent on every conceivable topic relevant in today’s global community. I sincerely hope that your experience at SDUWMUN will empower you to further your passion for international diplomacy.This April, the third session of SDUWMUN was held successfully. This October, SDUWMUN will continue the mission to present an exciting conference. Recently, the most heated discussed topics are financial crisis and human rights, so this time, our topic is that ‘the Background of the Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Universal Realization and Effective Enjoyment of Human Rights’, we will provide a comprehensive study guide to help you become well-versed with the topic of debate. Furthermore, we hope that you can be able to benefit through taking part in the preparation.All of us are very excited to welcome you to Model United Nations in Shandong University at Weihai. SDUWMUN can be considered as a competition, a forum, and also a big brilliant party. We thank you for all of your hard work in preparing for this conference and are looking forward to an incredible party. Let’s enjoy it! And never hesitate to contact us with any questions you may have.Yours sincerely,石玉丹(Secretary-General)Shandong University at Weihai Model United NationsPART 1:The Schedule of SDUWMUN 2010 •PROCESS:Date&Time Event Place Note10.10 (19.00-21.00)ConferenceTraining(one)Training of theprocedure10.17 (19.00-21.00)ConferenceTraining(two)Training of the topics10.22 (19.00-21.00) ConferenceTraining(three)WenhuaHotelRehearsal10.24Hand in thePositionPaper Send the electronic version of Position Paper tosicawh_mun2009@hotmail.c om before 12 o’clock10.29The Invited Members Arrive, Welcome Dinner Accommodation:Wenhua Hotel at SDUW10.30(Sat)8.00-9.00Opening Ceremony10.30 (Sat) 9.00-9.30Group Photograph10.30 (Sat) 9.30-12.00Formal Conference (One)10.30 (Sat) 14.00-17.30FormalConference(Two)Submit the electronicversion of DraftResolutions tosicawh_mun2009@hotmail.com before 18.3010.30 (Sat) 19.00-20.30Young diplomat dance10.31(Sun)8.00-12.00FormalConference(Third)After discussing thedraft resolution adjourn40 minutes,before theend of the time, submitthe electronic version ofthe amendments to thesecretariat10.31(Sun)14.00-15.00News Conference10.31 (Sun) 14.00-15.00AwardCeremonyClosingCeremonyTheReportingHall atInternetBuildingPART 2:Committee IntroductionCommittee HistoryThe Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body within the UN system made up of 47 States responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe. The Council was created by the UN General Assembly on 15 March 2006 with the main purpose of addressing situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them. One year after holding its first meeting, on 18 June 2007, the Council adopted its “Institution-building package” [Word file] providing elements to guide it in its future work. Among the elements is the new Universal Periodic Review mechanism which will assess the human rights situations in all 192 UN Member States. Other features include a new Advisory Committee which serves as the Council’s “think tank” providing it with expertise and advice on thematic human rights issues and the revised Complaints Procedure mechanism which allows individuals and organizations to bring complaints about human rights violations to the attention of the Council. The Human Rights Council also continues to work closely with the UN Special Procedures established by the former Commission on Human Rights and assumed by the Council.The Structure of the CommitteeThe Dais:A ChairTwo RapporteursThe secretariat:One SecretaryOne Deputy Secretary GeneralThree Secretary AssistantsCountry MatrixAngola IranArgentina IsraelBahrain JapanBrazil KoreaChina NigeriaCuba PhilippinesEcuador RussiaFrance United KingdomGermany United States of AmericaIndia ZambiaPart 3:The Topics & BackgroundThe Topics:The Background of The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Universal Realization and Effective Enjoyment of Human RightsThe Background:In August 2007, the international financial crisis erupted, causing the decrease of trade, increase of unemployment and the deduction of investment. In the situation of the poor economy, our first concern is the recovery of the economy, but as the crisis spread, the other impacts of the crisis have been shown, and its influence to the human rights has been noticed.On Feb. 20th 2009, UN Human Rights Council held a special conference on the influence on the global economic and financial crisis. This meeting was supported by most countries of the UN Human Rights Council, and was the brainchild of Egypt with the support of the African Union and Brazil. The president of the Human Rights Council said during meeting that the crisis posed a grave threat for human rights. He further emphasized that ensuring the basic human rights was the fundamental way to respond to the global crisis.In June 2009, United Nations held the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and its Impact on Development in New York City. The United Nations convened a three-day summit of world leaders from June 24th to June 26th at its headquarters inNew York City to assess the damage from the global economic crisis. The conference concluded that people in developing countries were suffering disproportionately due to the crisis and it is the responsibility of the developed countries that caused the crisis to help. They recommended that developed countries follow the Monterrey Consensus' recommendation by giving 0.7% of their GDP as aid to poor countries.NGOs also closely followed this issue. After the global financial crisis began, six major NGOs made a joint statement that the crisis not only hurt business but also infringed upon human rights. Presently, basic social rights such as the right to shelter, healthcare and education are bearing the brunt of pressure. As the economic crisis worsened, governments also increased censorship to stifle potential unrest. NGOs are putting more pressure on governments to respect human rights by various ways.PART 4:The Advice of the DaisI.Which kind of country is influenced most by the financial crisisand the reasons;II.What challenges of human rights protection are we faced with under the pressure of the financial crisis;III. How do we do with these challenges.Relevant WebsitesUnited Nations UNA-China / Muners /web/The Database of UN Human Rights Treaty The UN Division for the Advancement of Women/womenwatch/dawPART 5:Conference Procedure & Rules1. General Conference InformationI. THE PROCESS: COMMITTEE SESSIONSFormal DebateThe formal debate will begin with an open Speakers’ List, during which time representatives have the opportunity to share their views with the entire committee. The time limit for each delegate is 2 minutes. In formal debate, representatives may make speeches, answer questions, and introduce and debate draft resolutions and amendments. Points and motions are in order during formal debate.Unmoderated ConsultationWhile in formal debate, representatives may move for an unmoderated consultation for a fixed period of time, 5 minutes in average. The consultation serves as a temporary suspension of formal debate. During this time, representatives can meet informally with each other and the committee staff to discuss working papers, draft resolutions, amendments, and other relevant issues. A great deal of draft resolution writing and compromise is usually accomplished during this period of time, and representatives are encouraged to use consultation time to the best of their advantage.Moderated ConsultationRepresentatives can also make motions for moderated consultations on specific topics to focus the debate of the committee on issues that are of particular relevance. When a motion for moderated consultation is passed, the Chairperson shall call upon representatives to address committee members for a predetermined amount of time which should be decided by the delegate who make this motion. No motions are in order during a moderated discussion.Submission and Debate of ProposalsBefore we can discuss the specifics of the debate structure, it is important to note that the purpose of the debate is to produce a comprehensive and pragmatic solution to the issue, embodied in a document called a resolution. The process for producing a resolution in a CNMUN committee consists of two written stages: the workingpaper and the draft resolution. By writing, submitting, introducing and debating on proposals, the committee will be propelled towards a pragmatic and holistic solution to the issue. The path towards a resolution will be depicted in details below.VotingThe final act in the discussion of a topic area is voting on the draft resolution(s) on the floor (as amended throughout the course of debate). A draft resolution is passed when two-thirds majority of the committee votes in its favor and only one resolution may be passed for a topic area. Consideration of the topic area is normally over when one comprehensive resolution has been passed. And then the meeting will be adjourned if a simple majority members present and voting.II. THE PATH TOWARDS A RESOLUTIONIf we are to understand the nuances of the debate, we must first grasp the path towards the resolution.1). Working PaperWorking papers mainly serve as a point of reference for discussion in committee by putting abstract ideas into a concrete, written form (please see the sample provided later in this guide). Working papers are usually short proposals on one or more aspects of the problem under discussion and serve as a way of breaking down an issue into manageable units. With the approval of the Chairperson, working papers are copied and distributed so that the committee’s representatives can learn about the positions and interests of other representatives. As the committee’s work progresses, new points and ideas should be compiled into new working papers. Amendments cannot be made to working papers. Subsequent working papers must contain ideas that do not appear on any previous or concurrent working papers. Working papers should help advance the committee’s work, not duplicate it. This means that once a variety of proposals and viewpoints are introduced, the committee should begin to formulate the working papers into comprehensive draft resolutions. Representatives should be aware that working papers are not “mini-resolutions” in that they do not need to be in any specific format and do not need to cover all the issues raised in the Questions a Resolution Must Answer portion of the study guide. Additionally, ideas do not have to appear in working papers before they can become draft resolutions. In another word, working papers do provide a very useful tool for getting the entire committee’s feedback on specific ideas before presenting them as formal draft resolutions.2).Position PaperPosition papers are single-spaced, one-page documents that explain your country’s position on a particular topic. They should be instructive, clear, and concise, so as to leave no doubt on your country’s stance. Include your name, the name of your university, and the country delegation you are representing at the top of the document. Each delegation of a committee must turn in one position paper before the conference. Please adhere to the following three-paragraph format, setting the topic of Children’s Education Rights as an example:The first paragraph must state your country’s position on this topic. What is your country’s education status of children? What are the obstacles of your nation to achieve the goal of “Universal primary education” and “Gender equality in education”?The second paragraph will present what kinds of efforts your country has paid on attempt to settle down this issue. In addition, what is the relationship between your country and the international community in cooperation? What specific policy steps at the international, regional, national and community levels does your country desire to undertake in order to promote the domestic educations situation for children?The final paragraph must present a plan to ensure and expand the availability of primary education enrollment in impoverished nations and regions, especially in SAS and SSA. Considering the proposed solutions presented in the topic booklet, these plans must be viable and involve specific roles for United Nations agencies, national governments, regional organizations, international bodies, and NGOs in their implementation. A strong plan will address most of the QARMAs. Ingenuity (i.e. not simply copying the suggestions already presented) and novel syntheses of existing proposals are strongly encouraged. Requirement on Position PaperCountry:Committee:Topic:Delegates:3). Draft ResolutionsAs in the real United Nations, the main vehicle of action at CNMUN is the resolution, a formal document in which a committee spells out the action to be taken in order to solve a particular problem. Each draft resolution should deal specifically with the topic area currently under discussion by the committee. The following criteria mustbe met before a draft resolution can be introduced to the committee:* It must completely address the points set out in the “Questions a Resolution Must Answer” section of the study guide as well as any other points that have been raised in the course of debate.* It must be well-written, concise, comprehensive, and free of grammatical and typographical errors.* It must have the minimum number of signatories as stipulated in the Rules of Procedure.* It must receive the approval and signature of the Chairperson.* It must be completely original work done at the conference; no prewritten draft resolutions will be allowed, and plagiarism will not be tolerated. Because the committee can pass only one resolution on each topic, representatives should expect to be asked to revise draft resolutions several times before they meet the Chairperson’s standards. While the Chairperson will not advocate a particular solution, it is his or her responsibility to ensure that the committee has fulfilled its responsibilities and adequately addressed the entire topic before it can be introduced as a draft resolution. The Chairpersons are trained to be very discriminating in accepting draft resolutions, and representatives should not be surprised or offended if the dais staff sends a proposal for a draft resolution back to the committee for revision before approving it. It is the committee’s responsibility to construct an effective resolution to handle the situation at hand. When a draft resolution is introduced, it is usually not ready for an immediate vote. Much debate, compromise, and revision are involved in the formulation of a resolution that can be agreed upon by the committee. Listed below are some (not comprehensive) guidelines for good resolutions:* A good resolution should represent a technical solution to the issue. It is not enough to merely create an additional committee to discuss the problem or to condemn or approve of this or that country. The resolution should present specific, concrete proposals to deal with the issue at hand.* The resolution should be the product of a workable compromise among the nations party to a dispute (in an antagonistic political situation) or among the competing viewpoints on how an issue should be resolved (in a cooperative problem-solving situation). This means all involved parties should agree. Any resolution dealing the situation in Israel/Palestine, for example, is meaningless if it does not meet with the approval of both Israel and the Arab community. * The compromise reached must take into account the relative power of the parties to the dispute. In the United Nations, each nation has one equal vote. But in the international community, it is a fact that some nations have more power than others. When drafting a resolution, keep in mind that a realistic world view is essential to a solution that can be effectively implemented in the global arena.Requirement on Draft ResolutionCommittee:Topic:Sponsors:Signatories:THE CONTENT SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN VERDANA NO.54). AmendmentsThe amendment process is used to perfect and improve draft resolutions as the course of debate evolves to reflect concerns that may not have been addressed in the original document. A clear understanding of the rules of procedure is very important to the process of proposing, debating, and voting on an amendment. Chairperson will clarify this process at conference, time permitting, but a review of the amendment process as described in the Rules of Procedure is highly recommended to optimize a committee’s efficiency and productivity. At CNMUN, all amendments must be put to procedural vote of the entire committee. Only at the Chairperson’s discretion can amendments be made without vote (on non-substantive matters such as typos). There are no friendly amendments, and all amendments are treated in the same way regardless of the effect they have on the draft resolution in question. If an amendment is passed by the body, it is immediately incorporated into the text of the draft resolution for the purposes of debate and voting.Requirement on The AmendmentAmendmentCommittee::Topic::Sponsors:Signatories:THE CONTINENT SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN VERDANA NO.4 with DOUBLE SPACING2. Rules on Formal DebateDuring the formal debate, all delegates are required to follow the rule of procedures and maintain decorum. Formal debate can be divided into the following segments:Roll CallIn this phase, the Rapporteur would announce the name of each member state and observer in alphabetical order. Upon announcement, the aforementioned country’s delegate would raise his/her placard and announce “present”.Setting of AgendaEstablishment of Speakers ListThe Committee will have an open Speakers List for the topic area being discussed. The Director would initially call for countries willing to speak to be added to the list and will set the speaking time beforehand.Making of SpeechesTime LimitAll speakers on any speaker list would be given 120 seconds to speak unless a delegate moves otherwise, and such a motion requires a second and a simple majority to pass.YieldsAfter a delegate has finished his/her speech within the allocated time, any remaining time can be yielded. There are four different types of yields:Yield Time to Another DelegateThis situation usually appears when country A which yields his/her time and country B to whom the time is yielded to have reached a consensus after discussion. The delegate from country B would utilize the time remaining from A’s speech to speak. If there is still time remaining after B’s speech, there would be no further yielding of time.Yield Time to QuestionsOnce a delegate that has spoken chooses to yield his/her time to questions, the Director would ask for delegates willing to ask questions to raise their placards and would randomly pick any of such delegates to pose their inquiries. The time for asking questions would not be included in the remaining time of the previous speech. The delegate speaking can use the remaining time to answer all questions posed.Yield Time to CommentsOnce a delegate chooses to yield his/her remaining speaking time to comments, the Director would ask for delegates willing to comment to raise their placards andrandomly pick any of such delegates to speak. Delegates appointed to comment can use the remaining time to make relevant comments; however, the delegate who has yielded his/her time would not be allowed to express his/her opinions again or rebut the comments in this same time frame. The Director will rule out any comments that do not pertain to the previous speech. Yield Time to the ChairUpon yielding time to the chair, a delegate chooses to forego his/her remaining time and the Director would proceed on with the rest of the proceedings.Points and MotionsAfter a delegate has spoken/fully utilized the allocated speaking time, the Director would ask for points or motions from the Committee. At this point in time, a delegate can raise points or motions according to his/her needs. MotionsMotion to set speaking time Simple Majority (50%+1)Motion for a Moderated Consultation Simple Majority (50%+1)Motion for a Unmoderated Consultation Simple Majority (50%+1)Motion to Suspend the Meeting Simple Majority (50%+1)Motion to Close Debate Two-thirds MajorityPointsPoint of Order When a delegate feels that the Director or another delegate has made an error in the rules of procedures,he/she can raise a Point of Order to correct the mistake.This can be done even in the middle of a speech, but theright should be exercised with caution.NovotePoint of Inquiry When a delegate has questions about the rules of procedures, he/she can raise a Point of Parliamentary Inquiry to the Director.NovotePoint of Personal Privilege When a delegate feels any personal discomfort that will hinder his/her participation of the meeting,he/she can raise a Point of Personal Privilegeto obtain the assistance of the Dais. This can be doneeven in the middle of a speech, but the right should be exercised whit caution.Novote3. Rules Governing ResolutionsDraft ResolutionsOne member could sponsor only one draft resolution and the co-sponsors of the draft resolutions need to sign on to it which indicates their support. One member may sign more than one draft resolution. Signing a draft resolution does not explicitly indicate the support for the draft resolution but only indicate a desire for the draft resolution to be discussed in committee. As such, the signatory has no obligations towards the draft resolution.Consideration of Draft ResolutionsA draft resolution may be proposed only when it has been signed by a quarter of the members present at the session. A representative may motion to introduce a draft resolution as long as it has been approved by the Chairperson and then distributed to all members. At the Chairperson’s discretion, he/she shall recognize the main sponsors to introduce the draft resolution and permit a clarification session with a time limit. Any substantive points will be ruled out of order during this period. More than one draft resolution may be on the floor at any one time, but at most one draft resolution may be passed. Debate on draft resolutions proceeds according to the general Speakers’ List and representatives may then refer to the draft resolutions by its designated number.A draft resolution requires two thirds majority of members to adopt it. The draft resolution adopted by each committee will be debated and put to vote at the Plenary. The draft resolution supported by more than two-thirds member states will be adopted as the final decision. If the draft resolutions are not adopted, a Chairperson’s statement will be issued.Consideration of AmendmentsRepresentatives may amend any draft resolution on the floor. The amendment must be substantively different from the resolution it seeks to amend. Only one amendment may be introduced at any given time.4. Rules Governing VotingProcedural VotingAll voting is considered procedural with the exception of voting on draft resolutions and their amendments. Representatives must vote on all procedural motions, and no abstentions are allowed. All procedural matters shall be voted upon using name plates. A motion that requires a simple majority needs more than half of the Committee members present and voting.A motion that requires two-thirds to pass requires exactly two-thirds of the Committee memberspresent and voting. After closure of debate, the Committee shall move into voting procedure. At that point, only the following points and motions shall be allowed: Motion for a Roll Call Vote, Motion for Reordering the Draft Resolution, and Point of Order. If there are no such motions, the Committee shall vote on all draft resolutions.Substantive VotingThe only substantive voting shall be voted on draft resolutions and amendments. All other votes shall be procedural voting. For substantive voting, each member shall have one vote and, it requires two-thirds majority for the Committee to adopt a resolution or an amendment. The Council shall normally vote by show of name plates, except that any member state requests a roll-call, which shall be taken in the English alphabetical order of the names of the member states of the Council. The name of each member state shall be called in all roll-calls, and its representative shall replay “yes”, “no” or “abstention”. Decisions on substantive matters of the Council or Committees shall be made by two-thirds of the members present and voting. Members who abstain from voting are considered as not voting. The Chairperson shall then announce the outcome of the vote. Brief statements by member states consisting solely of explanations of their votes may be permitted by the Chairperson before the voting has commenced or after the voting has been completed.Order of Voting On Draft ResolutionIf there is more than one draft resolution, they shall, unless the Committee decides otherwise, be voted on in the order in which they were submitted. The Committee may, after each vote on a draft resolution, decide whether to vote on the next draft resolution.Reordering Draft ResolutionsA Motion to Reorder Draft Resolutions shall only be in order immediately after entering voting procedure, and before voting has started on any draft resolutions. If the motion receives the simple majority required to pass, the Chairperson shall take all motions to reorder draft resolutions and then vote on them in the order in which they came. Voting shall continue until either a motion passes, receiving a simple majority, or all of the motions fail, in which case the Committee shall move into voting procedure, voting on the draft resolutions in their original order. Only one motion to reorder draft resolutions is in order in each round of voting procedures.Order of Voting On AmendmentsBefore an amendment is included into a draft resolution, the amendment shall be voted on first. When two or more amendments are proposed to a draft resolution, the amendment furthest removed in substance from the original draft resolution shall be voted on first and then the amendment next furthest removed there, and so on。

模拟联合国大会流程

模拟联合国大会流程
日本代表:谢谢主席,日本认为在这个问题上已经相当明确……
(4)让渡给主席
中国代表:中国把时间让渡给主席。
主席:中国把时间让渡给主席,谢谢中国代表,台下有无冋题或动议?
★注意:所有让渡不得二次让渡
进入问题或动议程序
冋题或动议
问题或动议阶段,代表依照规则提出问题或动议。
主席:谢谢中国代表。现在中国代表发言完毕。台下有无问题或动议?日
确定发言顺

确定发言名单时,主席随机从国家名单列表里(附上出席国家名单给主席) 点选国家,会议助理1要记录主席的点选顺序,并将顺序排列清楚后再转 交给主席。
正式发言
正式开始发言-各国代表发言时间两分钟(可能有代表在后期动议更改),
在时间剩余三十秒时,主席叩响桌面提醒代表。
主席:叫到名字的国家请上台阐述本国在本议题上的立场。每个代表发
评奖一一颁奖一一老师点评
正式会议流程详细说明
大会步骤
大会主要说明
点名
点名-该阶段要求确定共多少国家参会,参会国家的简单多数和三分之二 多数是多少。
会议助理1:尊敬的各位代表,现在会议开始,首先将进行点名。点到名
字的国家,请高举国家牌并高声回答:至薦 问完之后,依照字母顺序宣读国家名。
会议助理1:中国。
(可以选择不上交工作文件,但是这会不利于形成以自己为核心起草国的 决议草案)。
中国代表:动议。中国动议进行10分钟的有主持核心磋商,主题是人类活
动在全球变暖中的影响。每个代表发言时间为30秒。
主席:台下有一动议,就人类活动在全球变暖中的影响问题进行10分钟有
主持核心磋商,每个代表发言时间为30秒。赞成该动议的国家请高 举国家牌。
【投票】
主席:X个国家赞成该动议,简单多数为9票,很明显,该动议获得通过。

模联培训手册(会议流程)

模联培训手册(会议流程)

模拟联合国大会培训手册 (基础版一、 MUN 大会的构成• 一个 MUN 大会往往由若干个委员会构成,每个委员会拥有自己的议题。

• MUN 的参与者以代表团为单位,共同代表一个国家。

一个国家往往有多名代表,这些代表将被分派到 MUN 大会下的各个委员会中。

• 一个委员会由一个主席团负责。

• 一个主席团包括:主席:负责主持会议,按照联合国正式的程序规则监督并推动会议进程主席助理:负责点名、录入发言人名单会议指导:负责审阅代表提交的会议文件Pager (意向条传递员——志愿者二、会议流程和规则•1. 点名在这一阶段,主席助理会按国家字母顺序依次点出国家名,被点到的国家举起国家牌,并回答:到。

当一个委员会讨论的议题多于一个,代表们必须通过讨论、投票,确定出首先讨论的议题。

议题一经确定,代表们讨论的内容只能在这一议题范围内。

在我们的模联中,确定议题阶段,主席分别在赞成首先讨论议题 A 和赞成首先讨论议题 B 的国家中,随机点出 3名代表进行发言,发言时间为 90秒。

代表们确定议题之后,正式辩论开始。

主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌, 并随机读出国家名,代表们发言的顺序即主席点名的顺序,当代表们听到自己国家被点到之后,便放下国家牌。

代表可在大屏幕上看到发言名单,发言名单上会注明议题和发言时间。

如果需要追加发言机会,代表可向主席台传递意向条要求在发言名单上添加其代表的国家。

如果代表已在发言名单上,并且还没有发言, 则不能在其发言之前追加发言机会。

主席:如果代表想要追加发言机会,请在发言间隙举牌或者随时向主席台递意向条。

主席重申,在发言名单中每位的发言时间为两分钟,允许让渡时间。

下面正式辩论开始,有请发言名单上第一个国家:德国,你有两分钟的发言时间。

2. 发言(1无论是正式辩论还是非正式辩论,代表们发言应严格控制在规定时间内,如果超时,主席会终止代表的发言。

在会议中,主席会用提醒代表的发言时间剩余 30秒。

也请发言代表注意必要的礼仪(2如果代表在发言时间内结束发言,可将剩余时间让渡-让渡给他国代表:需与他国代表协商一致后才可进行此让渡。

会议手册

会议手册

第二届福建农林大学模拟联合国大会会议手册主办: 共青团福建农林大学委员会承办:福建农林大学学生社团联合会协办: 福建农林大学大学生模拟联合国协会目录1.0 模拟联合国1.1 引言1.2 会议流程与规则1.2.1 会议的目的1.2.2 委员会的组成1.2.3 会议的流程1.2.4 会议的规则1.3 文件写作1.3.1 立场文件1.3.2 工作文件1.3.3 决议草案1.3.4 修正案1.3.5 指令草案1.4 演讲游说1.5 衣着礼仪2.0 福建农林大学模拟联合国大会2.1 学术与会场设置2.2 会议日程1.0 模拟联合国1.1 引言“模拟联合国”(Model United Nations)是世界各国官方以及民间团体特意为青年人组织的活动。

青年学生们扮演各个国家的外交官,通过角色扮演(Role Play),以联合国会议的形式,通过观点陈述,政策辩论,投票表决等过程,熟悉联合国的运作方式,了解人类所面临的共同问题,思考自身可以发挥的作用。

福建农林大学模拟联合国协会成立于2010年10月,以平等沟通、友好协作、共同发展为原则,是一个集学术性、综合性、实践性于一体的团体。

在活动过程中,同学们直接参与模拟联合国会议,扮演各国外交官,以联合国所关心的国际问题为议题,通过了解所代表国国情,从所代表国的立场审视和分析国际时事,通过会议上的讨论、辩论、磋商和会下的沟通、游说,深度关注全球问题,打破视野局限,寻找分析新视角,理解包容多元文化。

会议中所探讨的问题涉及裁军、环保和社会发展等诸多方面的国际议题,具有跨学科的性质,在会议中参会者不仅可以增强对世界的关注以及对时事的把握能力,认识自己祖国之外广大的世界,还可以提高组织、策划、管理、写作、演讲和辩论、解决冲突、求同存异、运用英语、与他人沟通交往等多方面能力。

1.2 会议流程与规则1.2.1 会议的目的联合国是世界的外交中心。

其下属机构是为了解决一系列重大和平、外交、人道、和科技等问题而设立的。

2014年鞍山市中学生模联会议手册

2014年鞍山市中学生模联会议手册

会议介绍模联(MUN),即模拟联合国(Mode United Nations)的缩写,是组织学生模拟联合国某些工作的活动。

学生们扮演各个国家的外交官,以联合国大会的形式,通过阐述观点、政策辩论、投票表决、做出决议等亲身经历,熟悉联合国的运作方式,了解世界发生大事对他们未来的影响,了解自身在未来可以发挥的作用。

学生代表某个国家驻联合国大使,对该国的历史,政治,经济,社会文化等方面进行学习,按照类似联合国会议的规则和程序进行发言、游说、辩论、谈判,国家集团间达成共识,产生决议草案,并按照联合国的表决程序进行投票从而形成决议。

每次模联大会主办方将选出对于联合国十分重要的议题加以讨论。

当学生参加模联会议时,将会进行会前研究,了解议题、“你的国家”的地位、现实世界中“你的国家”的联盟等等。

在模联大会上参会学生和其他代表将会在委员会中进行大量时间的辩论、结盟、总结工作报告、起草立场文件、工作文件和最终决议等等。

模拟联合国大会能够使学生的综合能力得到充分的锻炼。

模拟联合国是当今世界上很多名牌大学的一项历史悠久,开展广泛的学生活动。

不仅许多名牌大学有自己的“模拟联合国”组织,而且此项活动还得到很多国家的官方支助,联合国组织也予以积极的鼓励和支持。

同时,模拟联合国是一项健康积极、极富教育意义的学生活动。

模拟联合国活动的开展有利于增进同学们组织、策划、筹款和财务管理的能力,研究和写作的能力,公开发言和辩论的能力,解决冲突、寻求妥协和达成一致从而缔结合作的能力,运用英语的能力,与他人沟通交往等多方面能力,还能够增强同学们对于联合国组织的结构、程序和功能的认识,促进他们对于当前的重大国际议题的理解以及对于围绕着这些议题的全球进程的参与精神。

同时,模拟联合国中所探讨的涉及裁军、环保和社会发展等诸多方面的国际议题多具有跨学科的性质,模拟联合国的活动也对所有学科的同学开放,这有助于加强跨学科的交流。

为了促进我市教育教学改革,推进素质教育,提高学校办学水平,培养中学生创新精神、实践能力、领导能力和国际交往能力,拓展中学生国际视野,激发学习兴趣,提高中学生国际交往能力和英语表达能力,鞍山市教育局将于2014年10月11日-12日在鞍山市第一中学举办“2014年鞍山市中学生模拟联合国大会”活动。

东北地区模拟联合国 通用指导手册1.8版

东北地区模拟联合国 通用指导手册1.8版

目录1.0 模拟联合国通用会议规则流程Model United Nations--Rules of Order (3)1.1. 点名与开始会议Roll call and the start of the conference (3)1.2. 设定一般性正式辩论发言名Set the General Speakers‟ list (3)正式辩论Formal Debate (4)让渡给他国代表 Yield the time to another delegate (4)让渡给问题Yield the time to questions (4)让渡给评论Yield time to comments (5)让渡给主席Yield the time to the Chair (5)非正式辩论Informal Debate (5)问题Point (5)动议Motion (6)1.5. 文件编号规则Rule of document number 91.6. 工作文件Working Paper (10)决议草案Draft Resolution (10)起草国Sponsor (10)附议国Signature (10)阅读时间the reading time fora document (11)1.7.4 讨论与通过决议草案TheDiscussion And the Pass of a DraftResolution (11)修正案Amendments (12)友好修正案Friendly Amendment (12)非友好修正案Unfriendly Amendment (12)修正案提交 The Submission of the Amendment (12)修正案讨论 The Discussion of the Amendment (12)修正案表决 The Voting of the Amendment (13)修正案表决之后 After Voting foran Amendment (13)其他Other (14)1.9. 结束辩论和投票程序Closure of Debate and the V oting Procedure .. 14提出表决propose the vote (14)点名Roll Call (14)1.9.3 表决Vote (15)通过与否决The Pass and Fail of the Document (15)起草国的反对The Veto from a Sponsor (15)1.10. 意向条Pages (15)委员会主席Dais of the Committee (16)答辩权Right of ‘Reply’ (16)2.0 礼仪 (17)2.1. 行为 (17)2.1.1 仪表 (17)2.1.2 穿着 (17)2.1.3 举止 (17)2.2. 语言 (18)2.2.1 会场语言 (18)2.2.2 交际中的语言 (18)2.3. 其他 (19)3.0 中文文件写作 (20)3.1. 立场文件写作指导及范例 (20)3.2. 工作文件写作指导及范例 (23)3.3. 决议草案写作指导及范例 (24)3.4. 修正案写作指导及范例 (27)4.0 Document Writings in English Committees (28)Position Paper (28)Working paper (30)Draft Resolutions (31)Amendments (33)5.0 主席标准 (34)5.1. 主席团人选确定的流程 (34)5.1.1 邀请制: (34)5.1.2 选拔制: (34)5.2. 主席需提供的信息: ............................ 34 5.3. 主席团成员类别和职能: .. (34)5.3.1 主席(Chair): ............................. 34 5.3.2 会议指导(Director): ............... 34 5.3.3 主席助理(Rapporteur): ........... 35 5.4. 法槌的使用规则 ..................................... 35 6.0 媒体记者规则 (36)6.1. 媒体代表权限 (36)6.1.1 职能 .................................................. 36 6.1.2 权限 ............................................ 36 6.2. 媒体会场规则 .. (36)6.2.1 媒体代表驻场规则 ....................... 36 6.2.2 一般新闻发布会规则 . (36)6.2.3 临时新闻发布会的规则 ............... 36 6.2.4 稿件提交规则................................ 37 6.3. 写作指导 . (37)6.3.1 消息 ................................................... 37 6.3.2 通讯 ................................................... 37 6.3.3 采访 ................................................... 38 6.3.4 评论 (38)7.0 序言性行动性条款词库 (39)7.1. 序言性条款常用词汇 ............................. 39 7.2. 行动性条款常用词汇 ............................. 40 8.0 鸣谢 ................................................................. 41 附录 (41)备用标签页1.0 模拟联合国通用会议规则流程Model United Nations--Rules of Order本文以传统美式规则为基础,适用于联合国大会及各下属委员会、理事会,不完全适用于安全理事会等适用特殊规则的委员会。

模拟联合国会议完全攻略

模拟联合国会议完全攻略

模拟联合国会议完全攻略第一章模拟联合国会议模拟联合国是当代青年人模仿着联合国的形式而进行的一项活动。

在这项活动中,青年人扮演着联合国各成员国外交官的角色并针对各种问题在议程上进行讨论。

在扮演外交官的角色时,代表们进行演说﹑准备决议草案﹑与盟国及敌对国进行商谈﹑化解冲突并操纵程序规则,旨在动员全球合作以解决关系到全球各国的问题。

在模拟联合国会议里,参加者以代表团(一般由一到两人组成)为单位,共同代表一个国家。

多个代表团参与到模拟联合国的不同委员会中,围绕特定议题,以国家代表身份进行演讲、辩论和游说,本着联合国的国际主义精神,积极帮助其它国家,维护世界和平,同时争取国家利益最大化。

代表在充分准备后广泛协商、合作,以求本国利益在决议中得到充分体现。

模拟联合国里有多个委员会,一个委员会由一个主席团负责。

主席主持会议,按照联合国正式程序规则监督并推动会议进程;会议指导(可有多个)负责审阅代表提交的会议文件;主席助理负责点名、录入发言名单。

会议要求主席团成员分工合作,分别处理回复意向条、解答代表疑问等。

会议特别要求有全体代表都能看得见的黑板或电脑投影,用于显示会议主持者记录的发言名单;还需一块秒表,纪录发言时间。

建议每位主席团成员都有各自的纪录本。

有条件的学校可以使用电脑及大屏幕。

可取网上下载或自行编辑模拟联合国专用软件(自带记录发言名单、动议、表决人数、秒表等功能)。

第一节模拟联合国流程及规则模拟联合国会议通过严格按照联合国会议(Formal Rules of Procedure)的规则进行,以保证每一位代表都有平等的发言权(Equal Opportunity to Be Heard)。

代表仅在主席点到其国家名时才有机会发言(Speak Only When Recognized by the Committee’s Chairperson)。

代表在发言或是提问时需要注意措辞,尽量运用正式的外交辞令。

虽然不同的模拟联合国会议关于流程的规则有所不同,但是措辞一般是统一的。

模拟联合国会议手册

模拟联合国会议手册

SDUW国际青年文化节SDUWMUN 2009模拟联合国会议会议手册目录认识模拟联合国Page 2会议日程安排Page 5会议准备Page 6会议流程与规则Page 8MUN名词解释Page 11文件写作指导Page 13奖项设置及要求Page 15 主办方:学生国际交流协会议题背景手册会议时间:4月18日—19日Page 16 会议地点:网络楼报告厅附录舞会地点:大学生活动中心Page 19认识模拟联合国一、模拟联合国的起源模拟联合国(Model United Nations)是模仿联合国及相关的国际机构,依据其运作方式和议事原则,围绕国际上的热点问题召开的会议。

青年学生们扮演不同国家的外交官,作为各国代表,参与到“联合国会议”当中。

代表们遵循大会规则,在会议主席团的主持下,通过演讲阐述“自己国家”的观点,为了“自己国家”的利益进行辩论、游说,他们与友好的国家沟通协作,解决冲突;他们讨论决议草案,促进国际合作;他们在“联合国”的舞台上,充分发挥自己的才能。

虽然对模拟联合国活动其起源没有确切的历史记载,但普遍公认这项活动起源于美国哈佛大学。

在联合国成立之前,就有一批学生活跃在校园里,他们对国际组织、对国际政治充满了浓厚的兴趣。

活跃的哈佛学子在积极活动的同时探索出新的形式。

他们开始模拟不同国家的外交官,参照国际联盟的议事程序讨论国际问题。

后来联合国成立,这样一种模拟会议的形式被保留下来,并逐步发展成熟,形成了模拟联合国活动。

经过60多年的发展,模拟联合国活动现在已经风靡全世界,形式多样,规模不一,有国际大会、全国大会,还有地区级和校际间的大会,参与者有大学生到高中生,乃至初中生。

同时,模拟联合国活动已经不仅仅是对联合国机构的模拟,它还包括对其他全球或地区性多边组织,政府内阁,国际论坛等组织或者会议的模拟。

目前全世界每年有近四百个国际模拟联合国大会在五大洲的50多个国家召开。

每年参与大会的师生来自世界100多个国家,总人数超过四百万人。

哈工大夏令营模联会议手册正式版

哈工大夏令营模联会议手册正式版

哈尔滨工业大学英语夏令营模拟联合国会议手册第一章会议介绍模拟联合国(Model United Nations)是世界各国官方和民间团体特意为青年人组织的活动。

它模仿联合国及相关的国际机构,依据其运作方式和议事原则,围绕国际上的热点问题召开的会议。

青年学生们扮演各个国家的外交官,以联合国会议的形式,通过阐述观点、政策辩论、投票表决、做出决议等亲身经历,熟悉联合国的运作方式,了解人类所面临的共同问题,思考自身可以发挥的作用。

第二章议题设置Committee:United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)Topic A: Global Carbon MarketFacing the grievous situation of global warming, the world has attempted numerous approaches to solve the problem, among which establishing a global carbon market that applies market theory to solve environmental problems stands out. First mentions of the concept of carbon markets can be traced back to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and Kyoto Protocol (2003). Since 1997, three major global carbon markets – International Emission Trading (IET), Joint Implementation (JI) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have been established. They triggered the growth of global compliance carbon market, including the famous European Union Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading System (EU ETS). However, despite its growth, carbon transaction worldwide still lacks a uniform certification and registration, nor does it have a central body to ensure its smooth operation. Here comes the main focus of our discussion: How to set up a widely accepted global carbon market in light of political obstacles and economic concerns? To come up with a satisfactory solution, three aspects deserve careful consideration: 1. The type of market (should it be a compliance market or voluntary market or both). 2. The control of the process (how to take control of the entire process while at the same time not violate the sovereignty of countries). 3. The balance between benefits for developing and developed nations (how to distribute carbon credits and fund among developed and developing countries).Topic B: Oil spillOil spill is a serious problem concerning both the environment and human health. In recent decades, international organisations have raised concerns regarding the negative impacts of oil spills. A typical example is the setting of The International Maritime Organization (IMO), a body of the United Nations, to set international maritime vessel safety and marine pollution standards, among which the “Marpol” is a benchmark.In spite of efforts like this, we recently experienced the tremendous oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, both a huge waste and a hazard to the environment. Looking back at this disastrous incident and looking at the argument of compensation issues between British Petroleum and the US, we can see hundreds of omission of safety precautions that led to the catastrophe. Additionally, we also saw what the laws and many conventions lacked.As an environmental organisation, UNEP does not centre its work on special technologies like using chemicals to clear the oil. What UNEP is concerned about is the prevention of such tragedy through improvement on management and the legislation progress. We would like delegates to focus on: 1. The establishment of an effective system for safety norms in oil transportation internationally. 2. The legislation of laws defining the responsibilities of each party in case of an accident? (Should the country be responsible for oil transportation or only the corporation should bear the blame?) By answering such questions, we hope to bolster the security in oil transportation.第三章机构设置1.主席团委员会由四名工作人员组成的主席团主持会议和管理。

模拟联合国会议攻略

模拟联合国会议攻略

一、会议成员1.主席团(Dais)主席(Chair):主持会议;随时处理代表问题。

会议指导(Director):观察会议,掌控会议方向、进程;审批文件。

主席助理(Rapporteur):记录会议;负责点名、投票等环节。

2.代表(Delegate)概念:一个国家派出参加会议的人,代表这个国家的形象与立场。

职责:维护国家利益;展示国家形象;参与国际事务讨论。

称呼:代表要牢记自己的身份,发言时的主语要用国家名,而不是“我”。

3.志愿者(V olunteer)职责:负责传递意向条;负责相关会务,为代表提供方便。

二、模拟联合国会议规则流程(一).点名(Roll Call)主席助理按照国家名单上的顺序点名,点到的国家高举国家牌并答“到(Present) ”。

主席助理重复“某某国代表出席”,并在电脑屏幕上标示出席情况,最终计数。

点名单结束后,主席助理宣布确定到场国家总数,并由此计算简单多数(1/2多数)和三分之二多数。

这些数据决定了投票表决通过的标准。

(二)设定议题(Setting the Agenda)当委员会的议题多于一个(Multiple Topic Areas)的时候,代表们通过讨论投票,确定出首先讨论的议题。

议题一经确定,则在通过该议题的决议之前,代表们讨论的内容只能在这一议题范围内。

若委员会只有一个议题则不进行议题设定环节。

(三)正式辩论(Formal Debate)1.发言名单(Speakers’List)发言名单的产生:确定议题后,正式辩论开始。

主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌,并随机点出国家名,当代表听到自己国家被点到后,放下国家牌。

主席助理同步记录,代表便可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。

发言名单的作用:供各国代表根据自己既定的发言主题发表讲话。

追加发言机会:国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言的国家代表可向主席台传意向条(Page)要求在发言名单上添加其代表国家,主席会将该国家名加在发言名单最后。

如代表已在发言名单上并还未发言,则不能追加发言机会。

福州一中首教材届时校际模拟联合国大会代表会议手册

福州一中首教材届时校际模拟联合国大会代表会议手册

福州一中首届校际模拟联合国大会代表会议手册主办单位:福州第一中学承办:福州一中模拟联合国社TABLE OF CONTENT目录1.WELCOME LETTER秘书长欢迎信 (3)2.INTRODUCTION OF MODEL UNITED NATIONS模拟联合国活动介绍 (5)3.CONFERENCE SCHEDULE大会议程 (7)4.INTRODUCTION TO FIMUN2010 STAFF主席团及组委会介绍 (8)5.CONFERENCE ADMINISTRATION AND SERVICES会议要求和注意事项 (12)6.INTRODUCTION TO COMMITTEES AND TOPICS委员会议题介绍 (17)7.CONFERENCE SCHEDULE会议简要流程 (20)8.CONFERENCE PAPER WRITING 会议文件写作 (23)9.LOCATION会场位置 (28)秘书长欢迎信尊敬的老师,亲爱的模联代表们:你们好!我是福州一中高二(14)班学生,本次大会秘书长李可睿。

在此,我代表全体大会组委会,主席团以及志愿者团队向你们表示热烈的欢迎。

欢迎你们参加福州一中首届校际模拟联合国大会(FIMUN2010)。

本次大会是福州一中模拟联合国社的第一次对外公开活动。

值得一提的是,此次活动将刷新几项一中模联历史:第一次在寒假期间举行会议,第一次邀请兄弟学校的代表参会,第一次举行中英文双委员会的会议。

作为一中模拟联合国社社长,我很荣幸能够担当此次大会组委会秘书长一职,与模联社的核心成员们一起筹划、组织此次会议。

从去年暑假参加国际中学生模拟联合国大会到国庆黄金周的一中首届英文模联大会落幕,再从参加海牙国际模联新加坡分会到组建此次大会组委会,半年的时间里我们模联人打开了视野,见识了全国各地最优秀的学生领袖的风采,同时我们也萌发了把模拟联合国事业在我省普通高中里推广开来的想法。

模拟联合国大会流程[小编整理]

模拟联合国大会流程[小编整理]

模拟联合国大会流程[小编整理]第一篇:模拟联合国大会流程•一、点名(Roll Call)主席点到国家名,代表请举国家牌并答:“到(Present)!”二、设定议程(Setting Agenda)当委员会的议题超过1个时,与会代表必须表决,决定首先讨论的议题。

本次大会由赞成首先讨论议题A和赞成首先讨论B的双方各出3个国家,陈述为何首先讨论该议题。

国家由主席在与发言的国家中随机点出。

双方轮流发言。

阐述选择先讨论该议题的原因、动机等,发言时间为90秒。

6名代表都发言完毕后,将进行投票,投票原则为简单多数,即50%+1。

三、正式辩论(Formal Debate)1.设定发言名单(Speakers List)待主席宣布正式辩论开始后,欲发言的代表举国家牌,主席随机点出发言国国名,大会发言顺序依主席所点顺序进行。

每个代表发言时间初始设定为2分钟。

主席会在时间剩余30秒的时候,提醒代表。

代表可以提出动议延长或缩短发言时间。

如果需要追加发言机会(国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言),代表可向主席台传意向条(page)要求在发言名单上添加其代表的国家,主席会将该过的名字加在发言名单的最后。

如果代表已在发言名单上,并且还没有发言,则不能在其发言之前追加发言机会。

一旦发言名单上所有国家已发言,并且没有任何代表追加发言,会议直接进入投票表决阶段。

代表发言完毕剩余时间可以让渡(Yield Time):A.给主席,等同于放弃时间;B.给其他国家,该国不可二次让渡时间;C.给问题,欲提问的国家举牌,由大会主席决定发言国家(提问时间不计入代表发言时间);D.给评论。

2.提出问题(Point)或动议(Motion)在每位代表发言结束后,主席会问场内有无问题或动议(Are there any points or motions on the floor?),代表此时可以提出问题或动议。

问题,包括:A.程序性问题(Point of Order):当大会的进程与既定规则不符时,代表可以提出程序性问题,该问题可在大会任何时候提出,发言的代表将被打断,主席首先解决该问题。

模拟联合国训练手册.

模拟联合国训练手册.

模拟联合国训练手册第一部分:模拟联合国训练项目说明一、模拟会议时间安排4月18日4:30团委会议室第一次会议4月20日4:30团委会议室第二次会议4月24日4:30团委会议室第三次会议4月25日中午12:30在审判法庭正式彩排4月25日下午16:30在审判法庭正式开会二、会议准备及要求1.与会人员须着正装出席模拟会议2.会前请仔细阅读会议“建议规则流程说明”和“文件范例”,了解会议流程及相关规则,将重点难点记录,可于当天“规则流程及相关要求讲解”时提出。

3.会前请仔细阅读“会议背景材料介绍”,了解议题基本背景知识、国际社会曾经进行的工作和现状,并对议题在将来的发展进行一定预期。

模拟会议时:请携带A4纸和笔,以用于文件的起草;请携带便签,以用于书写、传递“意向条”。

特别提醒,由于各位与会人员的会前准备程度将直接影响会议质量,请各位与会人员务必根据所代表国家(见“国家列表及分配”)进行会议准备(查阅资料,了解代表国家的基本立场及相关议题的基本知识);相关国家可于会议前就相关问题进行磋商。

三、国家列表及分配第二部分:简易规则流程说明一、正式辩论 Formal Debate1、点名在这一阶段,主席助理会按国家字母顺序依次点出国家名,被点到的国家举起国家牌(Placard),并回答:“present(到)”。

2、确定议题本次会议将会有两个议题供代表们选择,代表们通过讨论、投票,确定出要首先讨论的议题。

在确定议题的阶段,主席分别在赞成首先讨论议题A和赞成首先讨论议题B的国家中,各随机点出3名代表(即,共6名)进行发言,阐述选择先讨论该议题的原因、动机等,发言时间为90秒。

6名代表都发言完毕后,将进行投票,投票原则为简单多数,即50%+1。

3、发言及让渡时间A、产生发言名单代表们确定议题之后,正式辩论开始。

主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌(也就是所有的国家都举牌),并随机读出国家名,代表们发言的顺序即主席点名的顺序,当代表们听到自己国家被点到之后,便放下国家牌。

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会议手册河北农业大学大学生科协模联大会委员会2014.3.1欢迎信尊敬的各位代表:你们好!首先,我们代表河北农业大学2014年大学生科协模拟联合国大会组委会的全体成员,欢迎您参加本次大会。

在接下来的日子里,我们将一起体验模拟联合国大会的无穷魅力,享受一场精彩的学术盛宴。

作为主席团成员,我们将为各位代表提供一个挥洒思想与智慧的舞台,引导大家将会以顺利地进行下去,并给与学术以及会以进程方面的建议。

由于是第一次自主起草会以,不足之处在所难免,衷心的希望各位代表能够指出我们的错误,同时,如果各位代表有任何问题也可随时与主席团联系。

在此次会议中,我们将议题设置为“......”。

希望各位代表可以仔细阅读会议手册,准确把握国家立场,了解会议流程,做好充足的会前准备,在会前积极磋商,在会议过程中积极投入,展现自己的才华,在此衷心地祝愿大家能在这次会议中有所收获!“路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。

”怀有一股永不熄灭的热情才能将生命推至辉煌,这股热情就是对生命的热情,对世界的热情,对知识没有限度的探索。

这个冬末初春,我们期待各位代表精彩的表演!2014河北农业大学大学生科协模联大会组委会第一章会议简介一、起源及发展模拟联合国起源于美国哈佛大学。

学生们通过模拟不同国家的外交官,参照国际联盟的议事程序讨论国际问题。

后来模拟联合国成立,这样一种模拟会议的形式被保留下来,并逐步发展成熟,形成了模拟联合国活动。

经过60多年的发展,模拟联合国活动现在已经风靡全世界,目前全世界每年有近四百个国际模拟联合国大会在五大洲的50多个国家召开。

每年参与大会的师生来自世界100多个国家,总人数超过两百万人。

如哥伦比亚大学,耶鲁大学,哈佛大学,斯坦福大学等世界知名高校都有每年一度的模拟联合国大会。

除此,模拟联合国还分布在美国,日本,英国,瑞士,阿根廷,奥地利,比利时,埃及,荷兰,德国,加拿大等多国的高校中。

富于朝气的年轻人在这个舞台上尽情地展现自己的风采!二、本校情况模拟联合国大赛已在全国诸多高校中取得成功,为初次举办的我们提供了借鉴平台。

目的培养精英学生,为其展现自我提供舞台,进一步增进河北农业大学学术氛围,根据本校实际情况和特点,安排策划第一届河北农业大学模拟联合国大会。

本届模拟联合国大会得到了校、院各级团委和学生会的大力支持。

经过前期的筹备和安排,秘书处、主席团和起草委员会相继成立。

在报名阶段,也得到了同学们的积极响应。

三、参加模联的意义模拟联合国活动是一个具有全球性视角的学生活动,以拓宽学生视野,锻炼学生综合能力为宗旨,以培养国际性人才为目标,是一个健康积极,极富教育意义的学生活动。

(一)开阔视野模联活动关注问题广泛,涉及当今各国面临的热点问题。

在充满激情和挑战的全球化时代,我国深化改革开放,国际局势复杂多变的背景下,积极参与这项活动能够增强学生们对联合国组织的结构、程序和功能的认识,促进对于当前的重大国际议题的理解,以国际眼光看待问题。

模拟联合国活动中议题主要涉及的领域:和平与安全、恐怖主义、人权、环境、贫穷与发展、货币政策、石油危机、全球化、公共卫生(二)激发学习潜能阅读背景资料、会场上书写大量文件、听取发言、阐述观点都对学生的语言和写作水平提出了很高的要求。

模拟联合国活动是一种体验式的活动,自觉自主的运用英语进行表达,大大激发了学生学习英语的热情。

模联大会的准备过程实际上是一个多种学科知识的整合过程,代表们需要将“自己的国家”政治、经济、历史和地理知识与大会要讨论的问题紧密结合,思考各个要素之间的联系。

只有这样才能充分扮演好外交官的角色,取得胜利。

模拟联合国活动涉及的学科:历史、地理、数学、文化、经济、军事、自然科学等(三)锻炼领袖才能模拟联合国是一种互动性极强的学习经历,活动开展有利于提高学生组织、策划、管理的能力,研究和写作的能力,公开发言和辩论的能力,解决冲突、求同存异的能力,与他人沟通交往等多方面能力。

其中包括:研究、写作、意向条、演讲、时间管理、危机处理、团队合作、沟通与妥协。

(四)提供舞台通过本次活动,既是丰富、深入河北农业大学大学生科协活动开展,增加校园学术氛围,同时为给同学们创造平台,释放对模拟联合国活动的热情,表达自己对国际事务的看法以及对人类未来发展的关注。

第二章模联机构设置一、主席团会议主席:主持会议,掌握会议进程,并对程序问题作出判断。

主席助理:记录会议,负责点名、投票,以及控制电脑,协助主席保证会议的进行。

大会顾问:观察会议,掌控会议方向,审批文件。

二、秘书处负责筹备和安排会议,并提供后勤服务。

文件会务组:准备会议所需文件资料和设备。

外联宣传组:负责报名、邀请嘉宾、对外宣传工作大会技术支持团队:制作宣传片、更新网络宣传平台内容、调试会场多媒体设备三、志愿者负责维持会场秩序、传递意向条,协助秘书处工作四、起草委员会负责协助各国起草会议文件和草案五、观察国原本没有代表席位但因与所讨论议题有直接关系而临时具有参会资格的国家。

不具有决议投票的权利。

两名观察员担任评委。

六、成员国负责协商起草会议文件,保证会议就某一议题及时达成一致,推动会以进程。

5个常任理事国:中国、法国、俄罗斯、英国、美国10个非常任理事国(由大会选举产生,任期两年):阿根廷(2014年)阿塞拜疆(2013年)澳大利亚(2014年)巴基斯坦(2013年)大韩民国(2014年)多哥(2013年)卢森堡(2014年)卢旺达(2014年)摩洛哥(2013年)危地马拉(2013年)5个会员国(针对议题,进行变动)七、一个国家四个代表大使:对外代表国家立场。

负责起草文件以及在重大问题上的决断权、在文件上署名权和优先发言权。

发言人:对外解释国家立场。

负责在立场阐述中介绍本国对议题的态度和看法。

两名助理:准备发言稿,填写意向条,协助大使起草文件。

第三章模联会议流程一、主席团介绍二、点名主席按照首字母顺序点国家名时,代表需举国家牌并答“到”。

例:主席助理:“尊敬的各位代表,现在我们开始点名。

请被点到的代表举起国家牌并答‘到’。

中国。

”中国代表:“到。

”点名完毕后,主席助理公布实到代表数,以及简单多数——与会国家代表的50%+1和三分之二多数——与会国家代表的2/3。

例:主席助理:“与会代表共30人,则简单多数为16人,三分之二多数为20人。

”之后,大会进入下一议程——设定议题。

三、宣布议题四、正式辩论1.设定发言名单待主席宣布正式辩论开始后,欲发言的代表举国家牌,主席随机点出发言国国名,大会发言顺序依主席所点顺序进行。

当代表们听到自己国家被点到之后便放下国家牌。

如果需要追加发言机会,可以向主席传递意向条要求在发言名单上添加其代表的国家。

该国的名字会被加在发言名单的最后。

主席不阻止追加,但其他代表可以用动议来阻止。

注意:不能在自己发言前追加发言机会。

每个代表发言不超过2分钟。

主席会在时间剩余30秒的时候,提醒代表。

代表可以提出动议延长或缩短发言时间。

代表发言完毕后,如有剩余时间,可以让渡时间:①给主席,等同放弃时间;②给评论,欲评论的国家举牌,由大会主席随机点出发言国家。

让渡时间给评论的代表不能再次在剩余时间内进行观点陈述或对评论进行辩论给主席,等同于放弃时间。

(如果发言代表的盟国被点到发言则能加强发言代表的观点,否则如果反对国进行了有力的批驳,发言代表可能会陷入比较被动的境地);③给其他国家,而该国不可二次让渡时间(可以通过传意向条,会前游说等方式私下协商);④给问题,欲提问的国家举牌,由大会主席决定发言国家。

提问时间不计入剩余时间。

提问内容必须根据发言者的发言内容来问。

发言代表在剩余时间内回答。

2.提出问题或动议在每位代表的发言结束后,主席都会问场内有无问题或动议,代表此时可以提出问题或动议。

问题,包括:①程序性问题:当大会的进程与既定规则不符时,代表可以提出程序性问题,该问题可在大会任何时候提出,发言的代表将被打断,主席首先解决该问题。

但是提出程序性问题要尊重每位发言代表,只有在某段发言本身不合程序的时候才可以打断发言代表。

②咨询性问题:代表对大会任何流程和规则不清楚之时,可提出咨询性问题。

③个人特权问题:代表有合理的特别需求之时,可提出个人特权问题,比如需要会场开关空调、调整屏幕显示字体大小等问题都不需要表决,由主席直接解决。

动议:除问题以外,代表需要采取其他的一切行动,都要提出动议。

会议进程是由动议推动的。

动议皆需要表决,一般动议简单多数通过,关于重要问题的动议(例如:结束辩论的动议)需三分之二多数通过。

一般有这么几种动议:①动议更改发言时间——需简单多数通过例:中国代表动议将发言时间从三分钟改为两分钟。

②动议中止会议——简单多数通过如果会议时间超出预计并且已经到了午饭晚饭时间时,代表可以要求吃午饭或晚饭,这时便可以动议暂停会议,结束一轮的讨论。

主席团将安排的下一轮的开始时间。

例:法国代表动议暂停会议。

动议结束辩论——三分之二多数通过这个一般是已经达成了一次会议的成果之后,详细说明请见“八、结束辩论,表决”部分。

例:日本代表动议结束辩论。

④动议暂时中断正式辩论——简单多数通过(详见“4、非正式辩论”部分。

)例:希腊代表动议就某问题进行一个五分钟的有主持核心磋商。

每位代表发言时间为三十秒。

3.意向条因为在开会时代表都有固定的座位,不方便与相隔较远的国家代表讨论问题,这个时候代表需要进行游说、沟通,都可以通过让在场志愿者传意向条的方式向其他代表或者主席表达。

会场会有工作人员负责传条,十分方便。

例:From:________________________________To:_________________________________________________________________4.非正式辩论/磋商A.有组织核心磋商:即发言名单和发言的主体暂时游离到正式辩论之外,具体步骤如下:Step 1: 代表动议中止正式辩论并开展有主持核心磋商,动议中必须包含所磋商的主题,磋商时间以及每位代表发言时间。

Step 2: 在主席的认可后对该动议进行投票表决,如果得到简单多数同意则通过,开始有组织核心磋商。

Step 3: 动议通过后,提出动议的代表自动首先发言。

前一位代表结束后欲发言代表举牌,由主席随机点出下一位发言代表。

在发言名单中排名较后的、或者已经发言的代表可以借机陈述意见。

同时,各国代表也可以在这一阶段集中、快速听取各国意见。

B.自由磋商:自由磋商则允许代表们离开座位,自由走动进行交谈。

代表们可以结成小组进行专门问题的讨论,或者一起起草工作文件、决议草案或是修正案。

由于毫无限制,代表们往往在自由磋商的过程中进行更密切的交流以及更有效地解决纷争。

提出自由磋商动议的代表仅需在动议中说明磋商时间,在主席认可后即可进行投票表决。

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