历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析(三)
2024年英语四级真题长难句解析
9、Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. (2008年12月)
本句为简单句，主干为This guidance eliminated the need…and avoided confrontation…。eyeing the same parking space为现在分词作后置定语，修饰those。
这些引导消除了顾客在停车场无尽地兜圈子的必要，而且避免了顾客之间因抢占空车位而引发的冲突。
5、We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world.
本句为复合句。主句为We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices。that 引导定语从句，修饰 choices，that 在从句中作主语。to make choices 作 opportunity 的定语。
10、“Retailers who’re ponsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. (2008年12月)
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析(3)
1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 2)【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。
【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的主干。
很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but 后的句子that is nonetheless the case是简单句。
but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。
最后主句主语the notion有that引导的定语从句修饰。
2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 3)【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。
【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。
四级真题阅读长难句分析-推荐下载
真题阅读长难句分析1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says.st year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable.4. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material.5. Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.6. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.7. He had a perfect résuméand gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,”so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.8. When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. 9. We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.10. They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …11.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.12. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers — and anyone who will listen.13. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.14.Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world.15. A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.16. This jumping to our children’s defence is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells”feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children.17. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman.18. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.19.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.20. “Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,”said Professor Stephen Hoch.21. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and —without major technological breakthroughs — we can’t do much about it.22. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards.23. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one.24. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.25. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times.26. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements.27. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).28. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience.29.Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but — regardless of whether it is or isn’t — we won’t do much about it.30. Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. 31. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like.32.Only when it’s gone do you wish you’ve done more to protect it.33. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.34. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.35. In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.36.Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools.37. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K.38. While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail 39.Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales.40. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.41. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which canhelp us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.42. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.43. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”44. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.45. Unlike physical energy, which is limited and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringings.46. “Wellness”may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for.47. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die.48. Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.49. According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.50. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access.51. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care.52. He must use the sounds of speech to identify the words spoken, understand the pattern of organization of the words (sentences), and finally interpret the meaning. 53. Perhaps it was the extreme contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.54. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease —especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking and failure to exercise. 55. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.56. Ultimately, however, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad”but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or reused by industry again and again.57. As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states —light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep —that repeats approximately every 90 minutes.58.You program the clock with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, and it then duly(适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.59. Home builders can now use materials — such as paints that release significantly reduced amounts of organic compounds —that don’t destroy the quality of the air, water, or soil.60. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world.61. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades ago, we felt very alone.62. The “energy-efficient”sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet.63. So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials down to the molecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet.64. “As sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, a recent collegegraduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.65. The headband equipped with electrodes and microprocessor measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical and research purposes and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed.66. Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic(长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.67. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use and the nature of the underlying soil.68. Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges.69. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers.70. An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices.71. His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists.72. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives，provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.73. Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women — ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work — still need to be done by someone.74. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.75. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school —the prophecy(预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle(恶性循环) of neglect.76. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused bya failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds.77. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called strict, centrally controlled design criteria.78. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.79. By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits.80. The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich.81. The clock, called Sleep Smart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits for you to be in your lightest phase of sleep before rousing you.82. The point in that sleep cycle at which you wake can affect how you feel later, and may even have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept.83. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerry’s.84. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receives a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition(点火) key.85. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. 86. As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from theeast to warm up by as much as 5℃.87. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century.88. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.89. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.90. If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient(收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions.91. I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real midair medical emergency without access to a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment.92. Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.93. The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.94. The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism.95. While there’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. 思考类动词总结Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduceinfer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/reason/reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey重要的；显著的important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/markedmeaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weightyeminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grandhonored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerfulprominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous 增加/发展increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raiseadvance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extendfurther/heighten/inflate/magnify/mountprogress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen96. As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. (2005年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。
英语四级阅读真题长难句解析03
11.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为He believes…diseases…could be addressed…。
that引导的定语从句that commonly affect men修饰most diseases。
by preventive check-ups为be addressed 的方式状语。
【译文】他相信，那些经常感染男性的疾病大多数都可以通过预防性的检查来处理掉。
12. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers — and anyone who will listen. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Shoppers seldom complain to…but…will alert…。
破折号在这里起到强调或引起别人注意破折号后面要说的话的作用。
在破折号后，who引导的定语从句who will listen修饰的是anyone。
【译文】顾客很少向经理或者零售店的老板投诉，相反，他们会转而向他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人——以及任何可以听到的人吐苦水。
13. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为简单句，主干为This guidance eliminated the need…and avoided confrontation…。
大学英语四级阅读理解长难句
四级阅读长难句分析1. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.” 分析主干：A survey found an (overwhelming) pessimism... 句中with 引导的介词短语作状语，其后带了复合宾语（即宾语+补语）。
该复合宾语用现在分词saying 作补语，saying 还带了一个宾语从句they feel...，而feel 也带有宾语从句，由and 连接两个分句their privacy is slipping away 和that bothers me 构成。
译文：一次调查发现人们对于隐私普遍持悲观态度，60%的受访者说他们觉得隐私正在“离自己远去，而这让我很忧心。
”2. Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn‘t—we won’t do much about it. 分析主干：Global warming may or may not be the crisis... but we won‘t do much... 句子主干是个并列句，由but 连接的两个分句之间是转折关系。
前一个分句用了复合谓语，是肯定形式和否定形式并列的结构，利用了情态动词来省略。
后一个分句包含一个复杂介词regardless of 引导的短语，表示“不管”，of 后面接一个whether 引导的宾语从句。
译文：全球变暖有可能是21 世纪巨大的环境危机，也有可能不是，但是—无论它是或不是—我们都对此无能为力。
英语四级阅读长难句结构分析
英语四级阅读长难句结构分析英语四级阅读长难句结构分析1. Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are used to.分析主干：Most designers are finding...finding 后是省略连接词 that 的宾语从句。
该从句是 there be 句型其主语 comparable fabrics 后有一个 that 引导的限制性定语从句直到句末。
该定语从句的谓语动词 replace 带了两个由 and 连接的并列的宾语从句都用 what 引导。
译文：大多数现有品牌设计师都发现找不到满意的有机布料来取代现在使用的顾客已经习惯了的布料。
2. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.分析主干：T odd Park, a local detective, said...said 之后的内容是个省略引导词that的宾语从句。
whose skeleton...是个定语从句修饰 an... woman。
译文：当地的一名侦探 Todd Park 说这个方法帮他了解到有关一位身份不明的.女性死者的更多信息其尸骨是在大盐湖附近被发现的。
3. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50 year old man who had delayed doing anything about his smokers cough for a year.分析主干：Gullotta saw a man...who 引导的定语从句修饰 a... man。
四级真题阅读长难句
1 “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative (创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes.2 The lo go, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.3 We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives.4 Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing ypa $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll (工资单) to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays.5 Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.6 Whil e here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.7 In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune (免疫的) function.8 Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.9 If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.10 Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.11 A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology.12 A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without askingpermission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.13 Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.14 In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.15 So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.16 As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.17 Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.18 We’re centere d on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather th an serve the best interests of the children.”19 “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”20 This guidance criminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.。
大学英语四级长难句分析
1. I say you only live once and we work hard and what’sthe point if you cannot go on holiday.我说你只活一次， 你不能度假，那我们这么努力的工作还有什么意义呢？2. Since money is known to be one of the things most likelyto bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful.我们应该感恩，因为众所周知，钱是众多东西最有可能破坏一段关系的东西之一。
3. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believesmoney is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes,which may be different things to men and women.KS相信钱是个大事情是因为它所象征的东西，对于男人和女人而言是不同的。
4. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys werebeing failed by the British education system because ithad become too focused on girls.TL警告 男生正在被英国的教育体制所毁掉， 因为英国的教育体制太过于关注女生了。
5. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn bestthrough touch, and are physically more active, they needto be given “hands-on”lessons（亲手实践的） wherethey are allowed to walk around.因为男生通常而言有更敏锐的视力，通过抚摸学得更好，而且在体力上也更活跃，他们需要给予可以随意四处走动的实践课。
(全)大学英语四级真题,阅读理解长难句拆解+翻译
大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句拆解+翻译Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums.发布到线上论坛之前，Goel和他的团队研发了好几个版本的Jill Watson.词法：release：计算机领域指发布代码，编译程序等。
forum此处指在线课程论坛。
句法：主句是简单的主语，谓语，宾语，before后面的动宾状结构。
翻译要点：汉语中状语前置。
逻辑整理：第一段，概况了问题，及解决方法。
本段，详细描述解决问题的整个过程。
这一段是说明文中典型的说明程序步骤过程的说明文。
存在着潜在的先后顺序关系。
At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great.起初，虚拟助手不太理想。
词法：at first ,一般理解是首先，但是实际首先，一般指最初，不完美的状态，暗指后来的变化。
逻辑整理：详细描述过程。
But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. 但是，Goel和他的团队查阅了最初的讨论论坛，找到40000个课程开课以来提出的问题。
词法：重点是source用作动词，指的是查找源头的意思，可以不能直接翻译，否则无法将意思表达明白。
另外，launch是启动计算机课程的意思。
句法：主语，谓语，宾语之后，是to do引导的目的状语，to do 后面的名词作宾语，其后又出现了定语从句，定语从句之后，又出现了since引导的简单时间状语从句。
翻译要领：不要简单的单词对译，要结合上下文的语境。
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析
【分析】本句为复合句。
主句主干为 DL signifies a course。
主句中的”in which引导定语从句，对course进展解释说明，其中instructors 和students是并列成分。
While意为虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句;从句中的offered 为过去分词做后置定语，修饰instruction。
【译文】虽然各个大学供应的网络课程不尽一样，但是远程教学通常会把课程公开，教师会把课程大纲、阅读任务和课程安排上传到网站上，学生们则通过电子邮件提交作业。
2. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales.
【分析】本句为简洁句。
句子主干为I offered suggestions。
Telling myself hall为伴随状语，that引导宾语从句;guiding the young writer across the hall为现在分词作后置定语，修饰writer。
that 后的从句可改写为I was merely an experienced writer who are guiding the young writer across the hall。
【译文】我一次次地告诫自己，这只是一个有些阅历的作家在指导一个小作家成长而已，关于她的故事中的人物、冲突和结尾我都供应了一些
建议。
(全)大学英语四级真题,阅读理解长难句解析+翻译
大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句解析+翻译大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句，逐句解析。
Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence.乔治亚理工大学的Ashok Goel教授研发人工智能助教，以回答网课Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence上学生大量的问题。
大学英语四级长难句解析本句词法：help后出现了省略to的动词原形。
句法：本句只有主语，谓语，宾语，但是to help 后出现了动宾结构作宾语，其后，又有状语，故而将句子长度增加。
语义提取：注意，课程名称不必重新占用句子成分。
逻辑推理：本句位于文章之首，并非观点，而是描述事实，所以本文题材可以确定是说明文。
四级中说明文一般与解决问题相结合，提出问题，解决方法，是这类题目的重点。
本句，作用是交代背景。
This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program.在计算机科学课程中，这个网课是在线理科研究生的核心必修课。
2019年12月大学四级真题本句词法：of前面是名词，后面也是名词，整个是一个成分，虽然距离很长，但是作用简单。
句法：本句是简单句，只有主语谓语宾语。
语义提取：汉语状语前置。
逻辑推理：交代背景细节。
说明此课程的重要性。
Professor Goel already had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from students. Goel教授已经有8个助教，但是不足以回复学生提出的大量问题。
英语四级阅读长难句结构的分析
英语四级阅读长难句结构的分析英语四级阅读长难句结构的分析1. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didnt want to deal with gender issues.分析主干：It took me 10 years to get back... and to realize...句首的 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是 and 并列的两个动词不定式。
第一个不定式to get back 的宾语 the confidence 后有一个定语从句I had at 19 对它加以修饰。
第二个不定式 to realize 带了一个宾语从句，由 that 引导。
译文我花了 10 年的时间才找回了我 19 岁时的自信，才意识到我本不想谈论性别问题。
2. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting thought, the thought will die.分析主干：the thought will die本句的难点在从句部分。
If 引导条件状语从句，从句用了listen to sb. do sth.结构，省略to 的不定式correct 作补语曰that 5th grade English teacher 用了借喻的修辞手法，指代你心中的那个批判性思维。
while 引导的'时间状语从句修饰 are listening。
译文如果你在听五年级的英文老师纠正你的语法，而同时你又尽力在捕捉一个稍纵即逝的想法，那么，你的想法就会消失得无影无踪。
3. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.。
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析第一篇：英语四级真题阅读长难句分析1.At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.(2003.阅读.12.Text 1)【译文】在某种程度上，尽管研究者们仍在努力研究意图发现维他命所起效果的真相，但是维他命对人体可能有的益处物超所值这种说法是有道理的。
【析句】复合句。
主句it makes sense to say, 后面是省略了that 的宾语从句the potential benefit outweighs the cost.主句前，while 引导让步状语从句，figuring out后where the truth lies作宾语从句。
2.It’s been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos, and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B 12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair.(2003.阅读.12.Text 1)【译文】维他命已被证明能够减少胚胎的缺陷，并且最新试验证明叶酸和维生素B12以及B16的一种一起服用也能降低手术修复后动脉血管堵塞的可能性。
【析句】主句由and连接两个并列句，首先是It's been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos, it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构，然后是a recent trial found+宾语从句that folate in combination with...decreases the re-blockage of..., 注意in combination with用在句子中，谓语动词的单复数看前面的名词。
四级真题英语阅读长难句分析
四级真题英语阅读长难句分析四级真题英语阅读长难句分析1. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】鲍姆认为，哈密顿和其他人最近的决定可能就是“一种迹象表明人们开始意识到存在一种破坏性竞争”。
他是最近一项大学调查报告的组织者之一，这项报告引发了人们对并非基于需要的制度性经济援助的关心。
【析句】复合句。
主干是Baum says+宾语从句，也就是Baum 说话的内容。
宾语从句的主句是Recent decisions may be "a sign that are starting to realize that there is this destructive competition...", 引号内包含两个从句，that引导定语从句修饰a sign, realize后是that引导的宾语从句。
最后，co-author of a recent College Report作Baum的同位语，that raises concerns about...是College Report的定语从句。
2. “No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】"任何人都不能采取单方面的行动。
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历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析（三）长难句分析（1）1. Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise. (1995. 阅读. Text 3)【译文】因此，随着知识和技能的增长，智慧变得越发必要，因为知识和技能的每点增长都会增强我们实现目的的能力，如果我们的目的不够明智，那么同时，我们邪念的力量也会随之增强。
【析句】with every increase of knowledge and skill作伴随状语，主句wisdom becomes more necessary, 后面是for引导原因状语从句，every such increase augments our capacity..., and therefore augments our capacity..., and连接两个并列简单句共同构成原因状语从句，最后是if 引导条件状语从句。
2. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. (1995. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】多动脑筋的人，进入老年以后，比起头脑迟钝的人的认知能力更加健全。
【析句】复合句，主句someone will go into old age more sound than someone,with a history of doing more than less作伴随状语，who has not had an active mind作someone的定语从句。
3. It is said that the English man objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today. (1995. 阅读. Text 3) 【译文】据说英国人反对这种居住方式，但是倘若情况如此的话，那么，英国人确实不同于今天世界上大多数国家的居民。
【析句】复合句的主干由but连接前后两部分组成，前句It is said that the English man objects to..., it作形式主语，that主句从句是真正的主语，后句主句he does deffer from the inhabitants,if the case is such作条件状语从句。
1. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind testing. (1996. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】我们组织了味道测试，邀请自认为是可口可乐或百事可乐的爱好者们参加，通过不见实物来分辨自己喜好的品牌。
【析句】主句We set up a taste test,that challenged people为taste的定语从句，who identified themselves as...fans又作people的定语从句，即定语从句中又包含定语从句。
2. then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guess work could have accomplished. (1996. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】然后我们再分析数据记录，用来对比参与者的选择和猜测。
【析句】本例句句子结构很简单，主句we analyzed the records statistically to compare...，主谓宾+目的状语结构，包含短语compare...with...，with后是宾语从句what mere guess work could have accomplished。
但需要注意，what引导的宾语从句中，could have done为完成时的虚拟语气，表示本能够发生但实际上未发生的动作。
3. Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. (1996. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】测试中正确指出四个样品虽然困难，但我们本以为，对于那些相信自己可以分辨品牌的可乐爱好者来说，并没有那么艰难。
【析句】主句Getting all four samples right was a tough test,but not too tough for people, but 连接两个成转折关系的句子共同构成主句，并省略了was。
people后who believed作定语从句，that they could...是believe的宾语从句。
1. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that areexternal and environmental. (1996. 阅读. Text 3)【译文】区分有机体和周围环境，以及分辨作用于有机体的各种力是生物内部的力还是来自外部环境的，似乎十分简单。
【析句】句子的主干结构是It seems simple to distinguish between...and...and to seperate...into..., it形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。
forces acting on an organism中，acting 为现在分词作定语，相当于that are。
those后that引导定语从句，and连接并列的those+定语从句结构。
2. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. (1996. 阅读. Text 3)【译文】如果我们将人类看作动物并尝试分析环境对有机体的影响，那么我们不得不考虑气候、土壤、植物等一些对于所有生物环境来说共同的要素;但我们也发现，被定义为“文化”的环境影响始终非常重要，它可以改变物理和生物因素。
【析句】本例句有两个复合句的分句构成，以分号为界。
前句If we look at man...and try to analyze...为条件状语从句，从句中含有that引导定语从句，主句为we find that+宾语从句;后句中，主句we find environmental influences very important,environmental influences后是that 引导定语从句，为避免句子头重脚轻，将always important提前，并起到了强调作用，最后，which modify...是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话。
3. Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it naturally follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. (1996. 阅读. Text 4) 【译文】既然这种对于英语语言的衰退的担忧并不被看作一代人的现象，而是特指对于今天的年轻人的新现象，因此可以很自然地认为是现在的英语老师教得不好。
【析句】主句it naturally follows that...,it形式主语，that引导主句从句;从句较长，但结构不难since this concern about... is not perceived as...but rather as...,since引导让步主语从句，从句中包含短语perceive...as的被动形式和not...but rather...。
长难句分析（4）1. Approaching the City's Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud “the industrial spirit—the great vital force of every nation”. (1996. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】与城市中央工会接洽的那年夏天，他提议设立一个节日来弘扬“每个国家的重要力量-工业精神”。