现代大学英语3 Unit 5 Silent Spring 词汇精讲
杨立民《现代大学英语精读（3）》（第2版）【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Unit1）
杨立民《现代大学英语精读（3）》（第2版）【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Unit1）Unit1一、词汇短语Text Acrisis[]n.危机；危险期；决定性时刻adj.危机的；用于处理危机的【例句】Affair have reached a crisis.事情已经发展到了紧要关头。
endeavor[]n.&v.努力，尽力，力图【例句】We must always endeavour to improve our work.我们任何时候都要努力改进自己的工作。
【词组】make one’s(best)endeavor(s)尽全力，竭力【助记】end（最后）+eavor（联想favor）→最后，缘分使努力成为现实。
perceive[]v.感知，察觉；理解，领悟，意识到【例句】Did you perceive a red colour or a green one?你看出来是红颜色还是绿颜色？【词组】perceive sth.as sth.理解或领悟某事物；认为【助记】per（透过）+ceive（取）→透过感觉来拿→察觉。
【派生】perception n.知觉；[生理]感觉；看法；洞察力；获取encyclopedia/encyclopaedia[]n.百科全书【例句】A dictionary deals with words and an encyclopedia deals with facts.词典讲解单词，而百科全书讲解事实。
genetic[]adj.遗传的，起源的【例句】Genetic engineering will have revolutionaryconsequences for mankind.遗传工程将对人类产生深远的影响。
【词组】genetic material遗传物质；基因材料genetic information遗传信息【派生】genetical adj.遗传的；起源的；创始的genetics n.遗传学【助记】gene（基因）+ticendow[]v.资助，捐赠；（with）给予，赋予【例句】Nature endowed her with a beautiful singing voice.大自然赋予她一副美妙的歌喉。
综合英语IIILesson5SilentSpring课程设计
综合英语IIILesson5SilentSpring课程设计综合英语III Lesson 5 Silent Spring 课程设计导语：本课的教学设计旨在多维度提升学生的英语知识、技能、拓展文化背景，加深思想政治觉悟。
本课采用多媒体辅助教学，以此来创设良好的教学情境，优化教学过程，促进学生思考，采用教师指导，学生观察、体验、探索的方式，启发学生自主理解文本内容，探究和领悟所学文章的语言特点与篇章结构。
一、教学内容分析本课是综合性课程,重点难点包括学习关键句型、构词法、语言点的应用。
学生需了解文章及作者背景知识；掌握文章的风格特点与结构；掌握论述文的写作技巧，理解文章的主题；深入分析并灵活运用重点语言点；锻炼独立思考能力；掌握重点词汇、短语、构词法以及有关语法结构；在学习语言知识、训练语言能力的同时增强环境保护意识，培养人与自然和谐共生的理念，明确生态文明建设中大学生的责任与使命。
二、学生学习情况分析首先英语专业的学生应具备熟练的英语交际能力，必备的听力理解水平和流利的英语口语；其次，应具备扎实的英语阅读，写作能力；同时，还应具备英语翻译能力，能胜任简单的日常的口头和书面翻译工作；作为未来的人民教师，要掌握与职业有关的专业理论，专业技能，爱岗敬业；最后，作为新时代的大学生，应具有良好的思想政治基础，职业道德及行为规范，具有良好的身体心理素质和人文素质。
结合学生英语听读能力和独立思考能力较弱的实际情况，本课设计把每个教学环节所设计的问题和任务区分出高低不同的层次，由浅入深，循序渐进，使每个教学环节尽量符合多数学生的认知水平，力争全班绝大多数同学都能积极参与课堂活动。
通过“任务型”活动训练学生的思维能力以及口语表达能力，最终提高语言的综合运用能力。
三．设计思想1. 教学内容本课以内容为依托，以主题为中心，通过对生态环境保护这一主题的拓展，设计讨论、思辨、分享等学习任务，激发学生主动学习的兴趣，引导学生进行对现代科技发展进行辩证思考，引导他们理解语言表达所蕴涵的文化内涵，让学生们对中国文化产生由衷的自豪，这种热爱与自信可以成为他们的爱国之源。
Unit_5_Silent_Spring分析
brand
Brand Management Brand image brand culture Brand Design international brand
品牌管理 ; 品牌战略 品牌形象 品牌文化 ; 企业文化 品牌设计 ; 品牌形象设计
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
国际品牌
brand
check，balance
股票
国库券 货币基金 贷款
foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 gold reserve stock exchange broker commission 黄金储备 股票交易所 经纪人 佣金
contamination, pollution
contamination: the situation that a place or substance is made dirty or harmful by putting sth such as chemicals or poison in it. pollution: undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities contaminate contaminant pollute pollutant
CCB(China Construction Bank)
中国建设银行
ABC(Agricultural Bank of China) 中国农业银行 ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) 中国工商银行 BOC（Bank of China) 中国银行 BCM(Bank of Communications) 交通银行
精读 silent spring 原文 寂静的春天(同飞君)
There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of colour that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the autumn mornings.Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wild flowers, delighted the traveller's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people travelled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells and built their barns. Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours.There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example — where had they gone Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks were hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs — the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no pollination and there would be no fruit.The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation asthough swept by fire. These too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them, for all the fish had died.In the gutters under the eaves and between the shingles of the roofs, white granular powder still showed a few patches; some weeks before it had fallen like snow upon the roofs and the lawns, the fields and streams.No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves.This town does not actually exist, but it might easily have a thousand counterparts in America or elsewhere in the world. I know of no community that has experienced all the misfortunes I describe. Yet every one of these disasters has actually happened somewhere, and many real communities have already suffered a substantial number of them. A grim spectre has crept upon us almost unnoticed, and this imagined tragedy may easily become a stark reality we all shall know.What has already silenced the voices of spring in countless towns in America? This book is an attempt to explain.Form Silent Spring by Rachel Carson高中/大学组题型解析与赛前准备2014-12-18连云港组委会希望之星英语大赛连云港赛区2015年中央电视台希望之星英语风采大赛【高中/大学组题型解析】A：Hey！This is me. （自我介绍）个性化自我介绍不得超过90秒，出声计时开始。
现代大学英语精读3Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
I.
Author
Quotes from Rachel Carson
It is the public that is being asked to assume the risks that the insect controllers calculate. The public must decide whether it wishes to continue on the present road, and it can do so only when in full possession of the facts. We still talk in terms of conquest. We still haven't become mature enough to think of ourselves as only a tiny part of a vast and incredible universe. Man's attitude toward nature is today critically important simply because we have now acquired a fateful power to alter and destroy nature.
Part Four: Language Study
Part Five: Extension
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B B T T L L E E
Lesson 11 – Silent Spring
Part One
精读3silent spring寂静的春天
Rachel Carson
Beautiful spring
Silent spring
SENTENCES
Paragraph1: The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms, where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. 白色鲜花像云彩般漂浮在绿色的田野
Influence of Silent Spring
After the book was published, it attracted public attention.
During this period, the United States revised a series of laws to protect the environment, and established environmental protection agency.
Background of Silent Spring
In the 1950s,after World War II, American economy grew rapidly, with the development of industrialization and urbanization. At the same time, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serous.
DDT pesticide is widely used in agriculture. It does great harm to the environment and human beings
现代大学英语第三册第五课(Slient Spring)
Cultural Notes
The origin of the article
This fable was taken from Carson’s prophetic book: Silent Spring (1962), which was an expose of the long-term effects of pesticides upon our environment. She argued that we had entered the age of chemicals willy-nilly (不管愿 不愿意) without considering the totality of nature. Processes within nature were working to undo the very things we hoped to achieve using pesticides, thereby causing large-scale imbalances. To be precise, she urged us to better understand nature and to use its processes to our advantage without the use of pesticides.
Fortunately the American government responded to her revelations. John F.Kennedy in the White House, Stuart Udall at Interior, Hubert Humphrey in the Senate, and William O.Douglas in the Supreme Court-- proposed, implemented, and defended legislation that regulated industry, set standards, saved lives and changed the course of history. As Rev. John E.Gibbons pointed out, this book is the one with the greatest impact in the last century.
现代大学英语精读第3册教案
CONTEMPORARY COLLEGE ENGLISH---BOOK 3 The title of teaching:UNIT 1 Your College YearsPeriod of the teaching:10 classesObjectives:1.To expand basic vocabulary and expressions2.To appreciate the theme of the text3.To know about some background information about Eric H Erickson’sDevelopmental Stages.4. To review the grammatical knowledge about the conjunction while and tolearn to use parallelism.Key points:nguage study and expressions2.Background information3.Word Building: de-, pro-, -ject, -volve, -ogy.4.Paraphrases of difficult sentencesDifficult points:1.ways of expressing the object2.Writing devices: antithesis3.The corresponding information about the textMethods of teaching:1.Interactive teaching methodmunicative Teaching methodTeaching procedures:Part I Warm-upI. Warm-up Questions1. As a sophomore, what is your general impression of college?➢many opportunities for one to explore the unknown➢experiencing a lot➢keeping a good balance and laying a solid foundation➢the golden time in one’s life2. Have you experienced anything different from your middle school life?➢being far away from home➢living with others➢becoming independent➢changes are occurring3. What’s your purpose of receiving a college education?➢to get and keep a good job➢to earn more money➢to get a good start in life➢ a sound investment that is worth every penny .4. Have you had any psychological problems ever since you enteredcollege?➢loneliness➢confusion➢frustration➢psychological problems abound on campusII.Myths and Facts Regarding College ExperienceCollege years are times of significant transition and challenge for an individual.Transition simply means change. Higher levels of anxiety are always experienced by people who are in a state of transition regardless of whether the change is perceived as good or bad. The following are some of the myths vs. the facts regarding college experience.Myth 1: College Years Are the Best Years of One’s Life➢Fact 1: While college years are memorable and enjoyable, they can also be among the most stressful and anxious times. One is faced with constant evaluation from his professors. Personal and parental expectations are always on his mind. Financial stress is often a way of life. Career decisions, various relationships and the move toward independence are also common issues. Making these the best years of one’s life involves developing an approach that is proactive and includes a support network.Myth 2: Students experiencing stress or anxiety are unprepared to handle the rigors of college.➢Fact 2: College and university environments are designed to be challenging academically, personally and socially. Stress and anxiety, among other emotions, are natural by-products of the accelerated pace of learning and growth. It is not a matter of whether or not we experience these unpleasantfeelings but rather, a matter of how we manage these emotions.Myth 3: A good student does not need assistance during his/her college experience.➢Fact 3: Many students come to college with the belief that to ask for help isa sure sign of inadequacy. In fact, nothing could be farther from the truth.Your college or university has an abundance of resources available to you, for which you are paying through tuition or fees. So become familiar with and make use of the campus resources, especially when you need assistance.Myth 4: I am the only one that doesn't have it all.Fact 4: As you walk on campus and observe other students, it appears that everyone else is so sure of himself. Everyone else has friends. Everyone else has direction. Everyone else is confident. Everyone else is without troubles or hassles. This misperception is common among college students.It has its roots in one of our more powerful social norms. We all wear a 'public mask' to protect a certain social image. This 'public mask' communicates a sense of self-assuredness to those with whom we come in contact. It often belies the inner turmoil that we all experience from time to time.The above are just some of the myths versus facts concerning college experiences. Can you think of any other myths? Have a discussion with your classmates about their truths.III.On Seasons in CollegeThere are four seasons in a year, which make the days distinctive and exciting. Metaphorically, there are four seasons in one’s college years representing different aspects of college life, which make the days rewarding and unforgettable. Do you agree? If so, what do you think the four seasons represent ? Share your opinions, please.Spring is the season for nature to revive, to grow and to get ready to boom.Similarly, in college, spring is the season for you to acquire knowledge, to develop yourself and to lay a solid foundation for the future. It’s the season of growth.Summer is the season for flowers to bloom, and it’s the season for you to enjoy the greatest passion in nature — love, love from your classmates, from your teachers and from your romance. It is the season of affection.Autumn is a season of harvest in college.It’s the season for you to enjoy what you have achieved.Winter is the harshest season of the four, which presents so many difficulties and hardships. Likewise, not every day in college is full of joy. You have to meet new faces,get adjusted, make decisions for yourself, be financially and psychologically dependent, etc. So winter is the season of change. Unpleasant as it may seem to some students, it is simply inescapable and beneficial to one’s growth and maturity.Part II Background InformationI. AuthorBob Hartman was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000. He has been working as a storyteller for children for more than a decade and is a part-time pastor.A selection of books by Bob HartmanII. Erik H. EriksonErik H. Erikson(1902—1994), was a German-born American psychoanalyst whose writings on social psychology, individual identity, and the interactions of psychology with history, politics, and culture influenced professional approaches to psychosocial problems and attracted much popular interest. He was most famous for his work on refining and expanding Freud’s theory of developmental stages. Main books by Erik H. Erickson:II. Erickson’s Developmental StagesBasic Theory:Babies are born with some basic capabilities and distinct temperaments. But they go through dramatic changes on the way to adulthood and old age. According to psychologist Erik H. Erikson, each individual passes through eight developmental stages.Each developmental stage is characterized by a different psychological "crisis", which must be resolved by the individual before the individual can move on to the next stage. If the person copes with a particular crisis in a maladaptive manner, theoutcome will be more struggles with that issue later in life. To Erikson, the sequence of the stages are set by nature. It is within the set limits that nurture works its ways.Stage 1: Infant Trust vs. MistrustNeeds maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/ herself, others, and the environment.Stage 2: Toddler Autonomy vs. Shame and DoubtWorks to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteem.Stage 3: Preschooler Initiative vs. GuiltBegins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identity. Stage 4: School-age Child Industry vs. InferiorityTries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills.Stage 5: Adolescent Identity vs. Role ConfusionTries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete, worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure.Stage 6: Young Adult Intimacy vs. IsolationLearns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner. Stage 7: Middle-Age Adult Generativity vs. StagnationSeeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests. Stage 8: Older Adult Integrity vs. DespairReviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and prepares for death.Part III Text AppreciationI.Text analysis1. ThemeCollege is designed to be a time of changes for students. Threatening the changes may be, they contribute to young adults’ growth and maturity. College students are experiencing a lot. Not only are they being introduced to new people and new knowledge, but they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information. They are also proudly growing in their understanding of themselves, others and the world.2. StructurePart 1 (para. 1):Many key changes happen to college students during theircollege years.Part 2 (paras.2-9): The key changes involve the following: identity crisis, the independence/dependence struggle, establishment of sexual identity, affection giving and receiving, internalization of religious faith, values and morals, development of new ways to organize and use knowledge, a new understanding of the world and himself/herself.Part 3 (para.10 ): Conclusion.Question 1: How do college students go through an identity crisis at college?What factors may influence identity?Students endeavor to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They want to know how other people perceive themselves as well.Identity may be influenced by genes, environment and opportunities. Question 2: In fact, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education.What does “it” refer to here?For referenc e: “it” refers to the independence/dependence struggle. Into the later adolescence stage, young adults tend to become less dependent on, even independent from their parents. For those who choose to enter the work world, they may become financially independent from their parents, while for others entering into college, the struggle seems stronger for they still need their parents’ support, say for money.Question 3: According to Jeffery A. Hoffman’s observation, there are four distinct aspects to psychologi cal separation from one’s parents. What are they? How do you understand them?1. Functional independence.2. Attitudinal independence.3. Emotional independence.4.Freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility,inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”Question 4: What may be one of the most stressful matters college students experience according to the author? How do you understand it? Establishing their sexual identity. It includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women.Question 5: I was relating to my father in a different way. What are the differences between the ways “I” related to “my” father in the past and at present? What type of change does the example reflect?In the past “I” was encouraged by “my” father; now “I” was encouraging him. The example reflects the change that college students are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world.Question 6: These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. What makes it possible for these values to last a lifetime?During college years, the young adults have the opportunity to decide for themselves what beliefs, values, and morals they are going to accept. These values are inclined to be internalized.Question 7: What are the significance about the college academic life according to paragraph 8?College academic life is a challenge. All students should be aware of how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning, how they process the knowledge presented to them, and how they organize this knowledge. Question 8: How do college students become world citizens?At college, the young adults have good chances to meet people from different cultures. By interacting with them, they are introduced to new ways of life. They begin to understand life in different ways. By doing these, they experience a new understanding of the world and themselves.Part III. Further discussionWhat does the author mean by developmental changes?Have you had any identity crisis yourself?What does the author mean by independence/ dependence struggle?How can college student establish their sexual identity?What does the author mean by “internalizing” religious faith, value s, and morals?Part IV. Assignment1. Prepare for the dictation of Unit 12. All the exercises after Text A, unit 13. Preview Unit 3CONTEMPORARY COLLEGE ENGLISH---BOOK 3 The title of teaching:UNIT 2 How Reading Changed My LifePeriod of the teaching:10 classesObjectives:e the words and phrases freelyprehend the text structure3.Understand the rhetorical features of the text4.Have a better understanding of the textKey points:1.The understanding of the complicated sentences2.Important language points3.Translation exercises: C-E and E-CDifficult points:1.Critical thinking skills2.Text patterns3.The corresponding information about the textMethods of teaching:1.Interactive teaching methodmunicative Teaching methodTeaching procedures:Part I Background informationToday, few people will deny that the written word seems being quickly supplanted by pictures, graphs, and sounds. Do people still read? Do those who still read get anything out of it? Many people are now wondering.It is of course an overstatement that traditional reading is dead. But it has obviously been losing its ground. Many people today seem to be too busy to do any reading, and those who are considered successful do not seem to have read much, if at all. The shocking fact is , percentagewise, our reading population is the lowest among major powers.The essay we have here deals with this problem. It is written by someone who has such a passion for, and takes such a delight in, traditional reading that it must deserve our attention.Part II. Detailed discussion of TEXT1)...a small but satisfying spread of center-hall colonials, old roses, and quietroads. ( para.1 )Spread:n. A range or an area over which buildings spreadColonials: houses built in the style of the 18th century during the colonialperiod of American history2) We walked to school, wandered wild in the summer. ( para.1 )Wander wild: remind students that the adjective "wild" is used here as asubject complement.3)One poem committed to memory in grade school survives in my mind.( para.4 )Paraphrase: I still remember one poem I learned in grade school.Commit sth to memory: to study sth carefully so as to remember it exactly Grade school: (AmE, old-fashioned) primary or elementary school Survive in my mind: This is not a common expression. It is more natural to say "still remain in my mind" or "I still remember"4)Perhaps restlessness is a necessary corollary of devoted literacy.(para.5)Perhaps if a person works really hard at reading and writing, he or she is bound to be restless.5)There was waking, and there was sleeping. And then there were books...Between the time I woke up and the time I went to sleep, I read.6)I did not read from a sense of superiority, or advancement, or evenlearning.(para.9)Advancement:progress or improvement in one`s career7)There is something in the American character...a certain hale and heartinessthat is suspicious of reading as anything more than a tool foradvancement.(para.11)Hale and hearty: healthy and strongBe suspicious of sb./sth.:to feel that sb/sth cannot be trusted8)There also arose...a kind of careerism in the United States that sanctionreading only if there was some point to it.(para.12)Careerism: the practice of seeking one`s professional advancement by all possible meansSanction: to approve ofNote: this word deserves special care as it can have diametrically meanings in different contexts.Point: purpose; goal; advantage;reason9)For many journalists, reading... was most often couched as a series ofproblem to be addressed... (para.13)For many journalists, reading... was usually discussed as a lot of problem to be resolved.Be couched: (fml) to be expressed in a particular way10)Gutenberg invented the printing press (para.14)Printing press: (here) a printing machine 印刷机Note: the word "press" is often used to mean, among other things, newspaper in general as in phrases like the American press, a press conference,press coverage.11)After that, it became more difficult for one small group to lay an exclusiveclaim to books, to seize and hold reading as their own. (para.14)Lay claim to sth: to state officially that you have a right to own sthSeize and hold sth: to grasp sth quickly and forcibly and then hold it firmly 12)... we are what the world of books is really about. (para.15)...we are really the most important people in the world of books.Be really/all abou t: used for saying what the most basic or important aspectof a particular job, activity, or relationship is, e.g.Love and care - - that's what family is all about.A university must teach students how to live -- that's what schools are allabout.13)It was still in the equivalent of the club chairs that we found one another...(para.16)We still found each other like we did when we were young.Equivalent: sb or sth that has the same size, value, importance or meaning as sb or sth else对应物; 相等物Part III. The theme of the TEXTThis highly autobiographical essay can be divided into the traditional three parts with a brief introduction and an equally brief conclusion. The major part, the body of the essay, can be conveniently divided into two sections, the first of which deals with her childhood experiences of reading: what, how, why she read, and what she learned through reading. The second section tackles a more complicated topic: how she continues to read in an unfriendly environment in adulthood.Part IV. The structure of the TEXTPart 1. The introduction ( para.1 )I grew up in a quiet neighborhood where I developed the habit of reading as asmall child.Part 2. The body (para.2-15)A.I was an avid reader throughout my childhood and adolescence.( para.2-9 )1) I wandered the world and learned about people through books.( para.2-4 )2) As a child I preferred reading to playing outdoors with my peers.( para.5-6 )3) Through books, I also learned about myself, my wishes and dreams.( para.7-8 )4) I read because I loved it more than anything else in the world. (para.9)B.In my adulthood i remain an avid reader in an unfavorable environment.( paras.10-15 )1)it is believed reading should serve a useful purpose and aimlessreading is discouraged. ( paras.10-11 )2)Reading is being replaced by TV and the movies. ( paras.12-13 )3)The reading population has become a minority gourp. ( paras.14-15 ) Part 3. The conclusion ( paras.16-18 )Despite the decline of reding, there are still bookworms like me amongordinary people.Part V. Discussion1) What can we gain from reading?2) Why don't people read or read as much as they should today? What does itmatter if people don't read? What can we do to change the situation?Part VI. Assignment1) Prepare for the dictation of Unit 22) All the exercises after Text A, unit 23) Preview Unit 34) Prepare for the presentation at the beginning of the next classCONTEMPORARY COLLEGE ENGLISH---BOOK 3 The title of teaching:UNIT 3 The Dill PicklePeriod of the teaching:10 classesObjectives:1.To expand basic vocabulary and expressions2.To appreciate the theme of the text3.To know about some background information about dill pickle.4.To review the grammatical knowledge about rhetorical questions,exclamatory sentencesKey points:nguage study and expressions2.Background information3.Word building: -press;4.Paraphrases of difficult sentencesDifficult points:1.rhetorical questions,2.exclamatory sentencesMethods of teaching:1.Interactive teaching methodmunicative Teaching methodTeaching procedures:Part I Warm-upI. A Boatman’s SongEnjoy listening to the Russian folk music.II. DictationKatherine Mansfield (1888—1923), British short-story writer, was born in Wellington, New Zealand. She is considered one of the greatest of the short-story form.At the age of 18 she in London to study music and to herself as a writer. In 1918 she married English literary ，John Middleton Murry.Mansfield's middle class provided the setting for many of her stories and mortality—perhaps due to her illness—dominated her writing. Her years were burdened with , illness, jealousy and —all reflected from her work in the bitter of marital and family relationships of her middle-class characters.As a New Zealand's most famous writer, she was closely associated withD.H. Lawrence and something of a rival of Virginia Woolf. Her shortstories are also notable for their use of . Much influenced by Russian writer Anton Chekhov, Mansfield depicted events and changes in human behavior.Part II Background informationI Author Katherine Mansfield1888–1923, British author, born in New ZealandHer original name was Kathleen Beauchamp. She is regarded as one of the masters of the short story.A talented cellist (大提琴演奏家), she did not turn to literature until 1908. Her WorksIn a German Pension (1911), her first published book.Bliss(1920) which collected Mansfield's family memoirs and secured her reputation as a writer.The Garden Party(1922), her finest work written during the final stages of her illness which established her as a major writer.Later volumes of stories include The Dove’s Nest (1923) and Something Childish (1924; U.S. ed. The Little Girl, 1924).Other collections and poems: journal, letters, and scrapbook (edited by her husband) .Her Adventurous SpiritFamously, Mansfield remarked "risk, risk everything".It was largely through her adventurous spirit, her eagerness to grasp at experience and to succeed in her work, that she became ensnared in disaster. . . If she was never a saint, she was certainly a martyr, and a heroine in her recklessness, her dedication and her courage.Her last words were: "I love the rain. I want the feeling of it on my face." Her StyleMansfield's stories, which reveal the influence of Chekhov, are simple in form, luminous and evocative in substance. With delicate plainness they present elusive moments of decision, defeat, and small triumph.Themes of Mansfield's novelsThemes: different human relationships interacting with each other; social classes and inequality in bourgeois society;the frenzied exhortation to live, which is central to all her writings; the opposition of convention and nature; the elevation of the great artist as the model for living and, by extension; art as a means of being "real";the notion that destiny is a function of desiring—to want something strongly enough is to legitimise the means of getting it.In her most persuasive work, Mansfield found a way of pressing the threads of such a credo into the weave of her fiction. The story of the rises and falls in Mansfield's popularity is fasci5nating, as it shifts with the major social, political and literary trends.Mansfield's portrayal of social classes and the injustices of bourgeois society had obvious appeal to the Chinese. One of the translators, Tang Baoxin, writes: “With remorseless irony she lays bare the hypocrisy and shallowness of the leisured class and their men of letters.”II Dill PickleHow does it taste? It tastes very sour.Cucumber reserved in salty and spicy water with such ingredients aspepper, garlic, dill and vinegar.In Russia, it is eaten with hamburger as an appetizer.Part III Text AppreciationI Text AnalysisStructure of the Story1). Plot of the story: a young woman and a young man who had been lovers oncemet again after six years of separation. They sat andreminisced…2). Setting of the story: in a restaurant3). Protagonists: Vera and her ex-lover (his name was never told)4). Theme of the story: about the relationship between lovers: the heroine'ssensitivity and the man's insensitivity to others—theirfeelings, attitudes and inner motivations. The man's egoismprevented him from seeing how greatly their lives haddiverged in the six years since they parted.2. Sentence Analysis1) He closed his eyes an instant, but opening them his face lit up as though he had struck a match in a dark room.closed his eyes: searched his memoryhis face lit up as though he had struck a match in a dark room.: 一闪而过的兴奋使他脸上露出光采。
现代大学英语精读第3册教案
CONTEMPORARY COLLEGE ENGLISH---BOOK 3 The title of teaching:UNIT 1 Your College YearsPeriod of the teaching:10 classesObjectives:1.To expand basic vocabulary and expressions2.To appreciate the theme of the text3.To know about some background information about Eric H Erickson’sDevelopmental Stages.4. To review the grammatical knowledge about the conjunction while and tolearn to use parallelism.Key points:nguage study and expressions2.Background information3.Word Building: de-, pro-, -ject, -volve, -ogy.4.Paraphrases of difficult sentencesDifficult points:1.ways of expressing the object2.Writing devices: antithesis3.The corresponding information about the textMethods of teaching:1.Interactive teaching methodmunicative Teaching methodTeaching procedures:Part I Warm-upI. Warm-up Questions1. As a sophomore, what is your general impression of college?➢many opportunities for one to explore the unknown➢experiencing a lot➢keeping a good balance and laying a solid foundation➢the golden time in one’s life2. Have you experienced anything different from your middle school life?➢being far away from home➢living with others➢becoming independent➢changes are occurring3. What’s your purpose of receiving a college education?➢to get and keep a good job➢to earn more money➢to get a good start in life➢ a sound investment that is worth every penny .4. Have you had any psychological problems ever since you enteredcollege?➢loneliness➢confusion➢frustration➢psychological problems abound on campusII.Myths and Facts Regarding College ExperienceCollege years are times of significant transition and challenge for an individual.Transition simply means change. Higher levels of anxiety are always experienced by people who are in a state of transition regardless of whether the change is perceived as good or bad. The following are some of the myths vs. the facts regarding college experience.Myth 1: College Years Are the Best Years of One’s Life➢Fact 1: While college years are memorable and enjoyable, they can also be among the most stressful and anxious times. One is faced with constant evaluation from his professors. Personal and parental expectations are always on his mind. Financial stress is often a way of life. Career decisions, various relationships and the move toward independence are also common issues. Making these the best years of one’s life involves developing an approach that is proactive and includes a support network.Myth 2: Students experiencing stress or anxiety are unprepared to handle the rigors of college.➢Fact 2: College and university environments are designed to be challenging academically, personally and socially. Stress and anxiety, among other emotions, are natural by-products of the accelerated pace of learning and growth. It is not a matter of whether or not we experience these unpleasantfeelings but rather, a matter of how we manage these emotions.Myth 3: A good student does not need assistance during his/her college experience.➢Fact 3: Many students come to college with the belief that to ask for help isa sure sign of inadequacy. In fact, nothing could be farther from the truth.Your college or university has an abundance of resources available to you, for which you are paying through tuition or fees. So become familiar with and make use of the campus resources, especially when you need assistance.Myth 4: I am the only one that doesn't have it all.Fact 4: As you walk on campus and observe other students, it appears that everyone else is so sure of himself. Everyone else has friends. Everyone else has direction. Everyone else is confident. Everyone else is without troubles or hassles. This misperception is common among college students.It has its roots in one of our more powerful social norms. We all wear a 'public mask' to protect a certain social image. This 'public mask' communicates a sense of self-assuredness to those with whom we come in contact. It often belies the inner turmoil that we all experience from time to time.The above are just some of the myths versus facts concerning college experiences. Can you think of any other myths? Have a discussion with your classmates about their truths.III.On Seasons in CollegeThere are four seasons in a year, which make the days distinctive and exciting. Metaphorically, there are four seasons in one’s college years representing different aspects of college life, which make the days rewarding and unforgettable. Do you agree? If so, what do you think the four seasons represent ? Share your opinions, please.Spring is the season for nature to revive, to grow and to get ready to boom.Similarly, in college, spring is the season for you to acquire knowledge, to develop yourself and to lay a solid foundation for the future. It’s the season of growth.Summer is the season for flowers to bloom, and it’s the season for you to enjoy the greatest passion in nature — love, love from your classmates, from your teachers and from your romance. It is the season of affection.Autumn is a season of harvest in college.It’s the season for you to enjoy what you have achieved.Winter is the harshest season of the four, which presents so many difficulties and hardships. Likewise, not every day in college is full of joy. You have to meet new faces,get adjusted, make decisions for yourself, be financially and psychologically dependent, etc. So winter is the season of change. Unpleasant as it may seem to some students, it is simply inescapable and beneficial to one’s growth and maturity.Part II Background InformationI. AuthorBob Hartman was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000. He has been working as a storyteller for children for more than a decade and is a part-time pastor.A selection of books by Bob HartmanII. Erik H. EriksonErik H. Erikson(1902—1994), was a German-born American psychoanalyst whose writings on social psychology, individual identity, and the interactions of psychology with history, politics, and culture influenced professional approaches to psychosocial problems and attracted much popular interest. He was most famous for his work on refining and expanding Freud’s theory of developmental stages. Main books by Erik H. Erickson:II. Erickson’s Developmental StagesBasic Theory:Babies are born with some basic capabilities and distinct temperaments. But they go through dramatic changes on the way to adulthood and old age. According to psychologist Erik H. Erikson, each individual passes through eight developmental stages.Each developmental stage is characterized by a different psychological "crisis", which must be resolved by the individual before the individual can move on to the next stage. If the person copes with a particular crisis in a maladaptive manner, theoutcome will be more struggles with that issue later in life. To Erikson, the sequence of the stages are set by nature. It is within the set limits that nurture works its ways.Stage 1: Infant Trust vs. MistrustNeeds maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/ herself, others, and the environment.Stage 2: Toddler Autonomy vs. Shame and DoubtWorks to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteem.Stage 3: Preschooler Initiative vs. GuiltBegins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identity. Stage 4: School-age Child Industry vs. InferiorityTries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills.Stage 5: Adolescent Identity vs. Role ConfusionTries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete, worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure.Stage 6: Young Adult Intimacy vs. IsolationLearns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner. Stage 7: Middle-Age Adult Generativity vs. StagnationSeeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests. Stage 8: Older Adult Integrity vs. DespairReviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and prepares for death.Part III Text AppreciationI.Text analysis1. ThemeCollege is designed to be a time of changes for students. Threatening the changes may be, they contribute to young adults’ growth and maturity. College students are experiencing a lot. Not only are they being introduced to new people and new knowledge, but they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information. They are also proudly growing in their understanding of themselves, others and the world.2. StructurePart 1 (para. 1):Many key changes happen to college students during theircollege years.Part 2 (paras.2-9): The key changes involve the following: identity crisis, the independence/dependence struggle, establishment of sexual identity, affection giving and receiving, internalization of religious faith, values and morals, development of new ways to organize and use knowledge, a new understanding of the world and himself/herself.Part 3 (para.10 ): Conclusion.Question 1: How do college students go through an identity crisis at college?What factors may influence identity?Students endeavor to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They want to know how other people perceive themselves as well.Identity may be influenced by genes, environment and opportunities. Question 2: In fact, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education.What does “it” refer to here?For referenc e: “it” refers to the independence/dependence struggle. Into the later adolescence stage, young adults tend to become less dependent on, even independent from their parents. For those who choose to enter the work world, they may become financially independent from their parents, while for others entering into college, the struggle seems stronger for they still need their parents’ support, say for money.Question 3: According to Jeffery A. Hoffman’s observation, there are four distinct aspects to psychologi cal separation from one’s parents. What are they? How do you understand them?1. Functional independence.2. Attitudinal independence.3. Emotional independence.4.Freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility,inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”Question 4: What may be one of the most stressful matters college students experience according to the author? How do you understand it? Establishing their sexual identity. It includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women.Question 5: I was relating to my father in a different way. What are the differences between the ways “I” related to “my” father in the past and at present? What type of change does the example reflect?In the past “I” was encouraged by “my” father; now “I” was encouraging him. The example reflects the change that college students are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world.Question 6: These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. What makes it possible for these values to last a lifetime?During college years, the young adults have the opportunity to decide for themselves what beliefs, values, and morals they are going to accept. These values are inclined to be internalized.Question 7: What are the significance about the college academic life according to paragraph 8?College academic life is a challenge. All students should be aware of how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning, how they process the knowledge presented to them, and how they organize this knowledge. Question 8: How do college students become world citizens?At college, the young adults have good chances to meet people from different cultures. By interacting with them, they are introduced to new ways of life. They begin to understand life in different ways. By doing these, they experience a new understanding of the world and themselves.Part III. Further discussionWhat does the author mean by developmental changes?Have you had any identity crisis yourself?What does the author mean by independence/ dependence struggle?How can college student establish their sexual identity?What does the author mean by “internalizing” religious faith, value s, and morals?Part IV. Assignment1. Prepare for the dictation of Unit 12. All the exercises after Text A, unit 13. Preview Unit 3CONTEMPORARY COLLEGE ENGLISH---BOOK 3 The title of teaching:UNIT 2 How Reading Changed My LifePeriod of the teaching:10 classesObjectives:e the words and phrases freelyprehend the text structure3.Understand the rhetorical features of the text4.Have a better understanding of the textKey points:1.The understanding of the complicated sentences2.Important language points3.Translation exercises: C-E and E-CDifficult points:1.Critical thinking skills2.Text patterns3.The corresponding information about the textMethods of teaching:1.Interactive teaching methodmunicative Teaching methodTeaching procedures:Part I Background informationToday, few people will deny that the written word seems being quickly supplanted by pictures, graphs, and sounds. Do people still read? Do those who still read get anything out of it? Many people are now wondering.It is of course an overstatement that traditional reading is dead. But it has obviously been losing its ground. Many people today seem to be too busy to do any reading, and those who are considered successful do not seem to have read much, if at all. The shocking fact is , percentagewise, our reading population is the lowest among major powers.The essay we have here deals with this problem. It is written by someone who has such a passion for, and takes such a delight in, traditional reading that it must deserve our attention.Part II. Detailed discussion of TEXT1)...a small but satisfying spread of center-hall colonials, old roses, and quietroads. ( para.1 )Spread:n. A range or an area over which buildings spreadColonials: houses built in the style of the 18th century during the colonialperiod of American history2) We walked to school, wandered wild in the summer. ( para.1 )Wander wild: remind students that the adjective "wild" is used here as asubject complement.3)One poem committed to memory in grade school survives in my mind.( para.4 )Paraphrase: I still remember one poem I learned in grade school.Commit sth to memory: to study sth carefully so as to remember it exactly Grade school: (AmE, old-fashioned) primary or elementary school Survive in my mind: This is not a common expression. It is more natural to say "still remain in my mind" or "I still remember"4)Perhaps restlessness is a necessary corollary of devoted literacy.(para.5)Perhaps if a person works really hard at reading and writing, he or she is bound to be restless.5)There was waking, and there was sleeping. And then there were books...Between the time I woke up and the time I went to sleep, I read.6)I did not read from a sense of superiority, or advancement, or evenlearning.(para.9)Advancement:progress or improvement in one`s career7)There is something in the American character...a certain hale and heartinessthat is suspicious of reading as anything more than a tool foradvancement.(para.11)Hale and hearty: healthy and strongBe suspicious of sb./sth.:to feel that sb/sth cannot be trusted8)There also arose...a kind of careerism in the United States that sanctionreading only if there was some point to it.(para.12)Careerism: the practice of seeking one`s professional advancement by all possible meansSanction: to approve ofNote: this word deserves special care as it can have diametrically meanings in different contexts.Point: purpose; goal; advantage;reason9)For many journalists, reading... was most often couched as a series ofproblem to be addressed... (para.13)For many journalists, reading... was usually discussed as a lot of problem to be resolved.Be couched: (fml) to be expressed in a particular way10)Gutenberg invented the printing press (para.14)Printing press: (here) a printing machine 印刷机Note: the word "press" is often used to mean, among other things, newspaper in general as in phrases like the American press, a press conference,press coverage.11)After that, it became more difficult for one small group to lay an exclusiveclaim to books, to seize and hold reading as their own. (para.14)Lay claim to sth: to state officially that you have a right to own sthSeize and hold sth: to grasp sth quickly and forcibly and then hold it firmly 12)... we are what the world of books is really about. (para.15)...we are really the most important people in the world of books.Be really/all abou t: used for saying what the most basic or important aspectof a particular job, activity, or relationship is, e.g.Love and care - - that's what family is all about.A university must teach students how to live -- that's what schools are allabout.13)It was still in the equivalent of the club chairs that we found one another...(para.16)We still found each other like we did when we were young.Equivalent: sb or sth that has the same size, value, importance or meaning as sb or sth else对应物; 相等物Part III. The theme of the TEXTThis highly autobiographical essay can be divided into the traditional three parts with a brief introduction and an equally brief conclusion. The major part, the body of the essay, can be conveniently divided into two sections, the first of which deals with her childhood experiences of reading: what, how, why she read, and what she learned through reading. The second section tackles a more complicated topic: how she continues to read in an unfriendly environment in adulthood.Part IV. The structure of the TEXTPart 1. The introduction ( para.1 )I grew up in a quiet neighborhood where I developed the habit of reading as asmall child.Part 2. The body (para.2-15)A.I was an avid reader throughout my childhood and adolescence.( para.2-9 )1) I wandered the world and learned about people through books.( para.2-4 )2) As a child I preferred reading to playing outdoors with my peers.( para.5-6 )3) Through books, I also learned about myself, my wishes and dreams.( para.7-8 )4) I read because I loved it more than anything else in the world. (para.9)B.In my adulthood i remain an avid reader in an unfavorable environment.( paras.10-15 )1)it is believed reading should serve a useful purpose and aimlessreading is discouraged. ( paras.10-11 )2)Reading is being replaced by TV and the movies. ( paras.12-13 )3)The reading population has become a minority gourp. ( paras.14-15 ) Part 3. The conclusion ( paras.16-18 )Despite the decline of reding, there are still bookworms like me amongordinary people.Part V. Discussion1) What can we gain from reading?2) Why don't people read or read as much as they should today? What does itmatter if people don't read? What can we do to change the situation?Part VI. Assignment1) Prepare for the dictation of Unit 22) All the exercises after Text A, unit 23) Preview Unit 34) Prepare for the presentation at the beginning of the next classCONTEMPORARY COLLEGE ENGLISH---BOOK 3 The title of teaching:UNIT 3 The Dill PicklePeriod of the teaching:10 classesObjectives:1.To expand basic vocabulary and expressions2.To appreciate the theme of the text3.To know about some background information about dill pickle.4.To review the grammatical knowledge about rhetorical questions,exclamatory sentencesKey points:nguage study and expressions2.Background information3.Word building: -press;4.Paraphrases of difficult sentencesDifficult points:1.rhetorical questions,2.exclamatory sentencesMethods of teaching:1.Interactive teaching methodmunicative Teaching methodTeaching procedures:Part I Warm-upI. A Boatman’s SongEnjoy listening to the Russian folk music.II. DictationKatherine Mansfield (1888—1923), British short-story writer, was born in Wellington, New Zealand. She is considered one of the greatest of the short-story form.At the age of 18 she in London to study music and to herself as a writer. In 1918 she married English literary ，John Middleton Murry.Mansfield's middle class provided the setting for many of her stories and mortality—perhaps due to her illness—dominated her writing. Her years were burdened with , illness, jealousy and —all reflected from her work in the bitter of marital and family relationships of her middle-class characters.As a New Zealand's most famous writer, she was closely associated withD.H. Lawrence and something of a rival of Virginia Woolf. Her shortstories are also notable for their use of . Much influenced by Russian writer Anton Chekhov, Mansfield depicted events and changes in human behavior.Part II Background informationI Author Katherine Mansfield1888–1923, British author, born in New ZealandHer original name was Kathleen Beauchamp. She is regarded as one of the masters of the short story.A talented cellist (大提琴演奏家), she did not turn to literature until 1908. Her WorksIn a German Pension (1911), her first published book.Bliss(1920) which collected Mansfield's family memoirs and secured her reputation as a writer.The Garden Party(1922), her finest work written during the final stages of her illness which established her as a major writer.Later volumes of stories include The Dove’s Nest (1923) and Something Childish (1924; U.S. ed. The Little Girl, 1924).Other collections and poems: journal, letters, and scrapbook (edited by her husband) .Her Adventurous SpiritFamously, Mansfield remarked "risk, risk everything".It was largely through her adventurous spirit, her eagerness to grasp at experience and to succeed in her work, that she became ensnared in disaster. . . If she was never a saint, she was certainly a martyr, and a heroine in her recklessness, her dedication and her courage.Her last words were: "I love the rain. I want the feeling of it on my face." Her StyleMansfield's stories, which reveal the influence of Chekhov, are simple in form, luminous and evocative in substance. With delicate plainness they present elusive moments of decision, defeat, and small triumph.Themes of Mansfield's novelsThemes: different human relationships interacting with each other; social classes and inequality in bourgeois society;the frenzied exhortation to live, which is central to all her writings; the opposition of convention and nature; the elevation of the great artist as the model for living and, by extension; art as a means of being "real";the notion that destiny is a function of desiring—to want something strongly enough is to legitimise the means of getting it.In her most persuasive work, Mansfield found a way of pressing the threads of such a credo into the weave of her fiction. The story of the rises and falls in Mansfield's popularity is fasci5nating, as it shifts with the major social, political and literary trends.Mansfield's portrayal of social classes and the injustices of bourgeois society had obvious appeal to the Chinese. One of the translators, Tang Baoxin, writes: “With remorseless irony she lays bare the hypocrisy and shallowness of the leisured class and their men of letters.”II Dill PickleHow does it taste? It tastes very sour.Cucumber reserved in salty and spicy water with such ingredients aspepper, garlic, dill and vinegar.In Russia, it is eaten with hamburger as an appetizer.Part III Text AppreciationI Text AnalysisStructure of the Story1). Plot of the story: a young woman and a young man who had been lovers oncemet again after six years of separation. They sat andreminisced…2). Setting of the story: in a restaurant3). Protagonists: Vera and her ex-lover (his name was never told)4). Theme of the story: about the relationship between lovers: the heroine'ssensitivity and the man's insensitivity to others—theirfeelings, attitudes and inner motivations. The man's egoismprevented him from seeing how greatly their lives haddiverged in the six years since they parted.2. Sentence Analysis1) He closed his eyes an instant, but opening them his face lit up as though he had struck a match in a dark room.closed his eyes: searched his memoryhis face lit up as though he had struck a match in a dark room.: 一闪而过的兴奋使他脸上露出光采。
现代大学英语精读3+Lesson+11+Silent+Spring
❖ DATE OF DEATH: April 14, 1964
❖ PLACE OF DEATH: Her home in Silver Spring, MD
❖ PORTRAYED BY: Celeste Earhart
❖ WEB SITES:
❖ Rachel Carson Homestead Rachel Carson Council Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge Rachel Carson Forum - a center for "new ideas and opinions about environmental issues facing Pennsylvania." Former Vice-President Al Gore's Introduction to the 1994 reissue of Silent Spring Rachel Carson is a charter inductee into the Ecology Hall of Fame
❖ BIBLIOGRAPHY:
❖ 1941-Under the Sea Wind 1943-Food From the Sea: Fish and Shellfish of New England 1944-Food From the Sea: Fish and Shellfish of the South Atlantic 1951-The Sea Around Us 1955-The Edge of the Sea 1962-Silent Spring 1965-The Sense of Wonder (posthumous)
Unit 5 silent_spring
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but now
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Page 5
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Could people imagine such a living environment decades ago?
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however~~~
nowadays~
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Structure of the text
I A meaningful story about a silent spring(1-9) II The causes and reasons of the silent spring(10-23) III Try to find a way to face the life-and-death: just more basic knowledge and more concern (24-25)
种族和睦
家庭和睦
每个人和睦生活在一起。 旅游业应与环境和谐发展。 和睦的关系 将不同的方法统一起来使其成 为统一的策略
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25
Writing device --Simile （明喻） It makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like “as”, “as... as”, “as if” and “like” are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. They all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.
Silent Spring 现代大学英语精读第三册课件
berry
-berry—a small, juicy, fleshy fruit, such as a blackberry or raspberry, regardless of its botanical structure
Strawberry 草莓 Blackberry 黑莓 Blueberry 越橘的一种 Raspberry 覆盆子，黑莓 Gooseberry 醋栗
Julia Roberts
In the drama Erin Brockovich (2000) Roberts plays a divorced mother. The role earned Roberts the Golden Globe Award for best dramatic actress and the Academy Award for best actress.
2. Do you think that PG& E deliberately cheat these people?
---Yes.
3. What do you think should the woman and her family do if there’s really something poisonous in their water?
The Environmental Protection Agency:
A US government
organization that established
rules and standards for the
protection of the environment,
e.g. against pollution.
Text Organization
现代大学英语精读3第5单元知识点归纳
Unit 5I.Word Studyabstain n.\ v. a. to choose not to vote for or against b. not to do or have something you enjoy, especially alcohol or sex,Examples: Six countries voted for the change, five voted against, and two abstained.Pilots must abstain from alcohol for 24 hours before flying.Catholics are supposed to abstain from meat on Good Friday.Allege v. to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved Examples: The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.( ['mə:kjuri] n.〈化〉汞, 水银)assume vt. (n. assumption)假设, 臆断, 猜想We can't assume anything in this case.假装He assumed a look of innocence. 承担, 担任, 就职；呈现, 采取We assumed a new method.assume control/responsibility, etc. assume a manner/air/expression, etc.diverge (n. divergence a. divergent)The two species diverged millions of years ago.\Here hisviews diverged from Gregory's.refute a hypothesis/a claim/an idea, etc.反驳一个假设/说法/想法Handy a. a. useful b. (informal) near and easy to reach c. good at using something, (tool)Examples: Take your swimming trunks with you —they might come in handy.I always keep my gun handy just in case. /Do you have a piece of paper handy?He's very handy with a screwdriver.(螺丝刀)practically ad. a. almost b. in a sensible way which takes account of problems(实事求是地)Examples: It's practically impossible to predict what will happen.“But how can we pay for it?” said John practically.Ridicule v.\ n.(a. ridiculous) to laugh at a person, idea, etc. and say that they are stupidExample: At the time, his ideas were ridiculed.seek a college education努力获得高等教育seek to do good试图行善seek directions from a police officer向警察问路upright position垂直状态sit/stand/walk upright直挺挺地坐/站/走an upright man正直的人The jury has retired to consider its verdict. After a week the jury had still not reached a verdict.I never doubted that they would deliver the correct verdict.II. Phrases and Expressionsserve a jail term/sentence, serve time(= is in prison)He served an eighteen-month sentence for theft. \Did you know that Les is serving time?owe sb. sth. “I owe my parents a lot,” he admitted.I owe my brother $50.\ He asked for help from a colleague who owed him a favour.I owe Susan a letter; I must write soon.\ Y ou owe him an apology.Their success owes more to good luck than to careful management.mix up to make the mistake of thinking that someone or something is another person or thingExamples: I must have got the times mixed up.I always mix him up with his brother. They look so much alike.put into wordsIt is hard to put into words how I feel now. 用语言来表达He’s not very musical, to put it mildly (=He's not musical at all). 婉转地讲We get on each other's nerves, to put it bluntly (=to say exactly what I mean). 直率地讲It's fairly risky. To put it another way (=say it in different words), don't try this at home. 换句话说provoke sb. into doing a. to make someone angry, especially deliberatelyb. to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden oneExamples:Paul tried to provoke them into fighting.She hopes her editorial will provoke readers into thinking seriously about the issue.arrest sb. for I got arrested for careless driving.He was arrested on suspicion/charges of supplying drugs.beat sb. up to hurt someone badly by hitting themExample: Her boyfriend got drunk and beat her up.beat oneself up /beat yourself up (American informal) to blame yourself too much for somethingExample: If you do your best and you lose, you can't beat yourself up about it.miss the pointillustrate the point 举例说明get to the point 中肯的, 扼要的come (straight) to the point 直接切入主题beside the point 离题, 不中肯to the point 中肯, 扼要conduct cross-examinationWe are conducting a survey/investigation/review of consumer attitudes towards organic food.审阅Is it really necessary t o conduct experiments/tests on animals? 做实验They conducted a campaign of bombings and assassinations. 进行，从事运动The interview was conducted in English.The memorial service was conducted by the Rev. David Prior. 举行，引导It was the first time that I had conducted business in Brazil. 做生意tear… to shreds Synonym: rip… to shredsExamples: The clothes were ripped to shreds and covered in blood.Within a year, other researchers had torn the theory to shreds.identify… as to recognize and correctly name someone or something 指认某人为Examples: Eye witnesses identified the gunman as an army sergeant. sThe aircraft were identified as American.identify with somebody/something 认同He identified with our distress and despair.identify something with sb./sth. 视……为一体the attempt to identify crime with poverty and social problemspull a trick/stunt/joke=pull somebody‘s leg 开玩笑There is no point doing…=It’s meaningless to do…call for a. if a group of people calls for something, they ask publicly for something to be doneb. to need or deserve a particular type of behaviour or treatmentc. to meet someone at their home in order to take them somewhereExamples: Human Rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners.Dealing with children who are so damaged calls for immense tact and sensitivity.talk it out We need to spend a little time talking this out. /It might help if you talked it out with Dad.Cf.: talk somebody out of (doing) something 说服某人不做……Can't you talk them out of selling the house? hang a jury 陪审员不能达成一致意见Grand jury 大陪审团Jury box 陪审席Jury service 作陪审员(not) hear oneself think used to emphasize how noisy a place isExamples: Just shut up, Tom. I can't hear myself think.think aloud/think out loud 自言自语She began to think aloud as she always did when I was with herIII. Law T ermsConstitutional Law 宪法Criminal Law 刑法Administrative Law 行政法Civil Law 民法Law of Nations 万国公法International Law 国际法Fiscal Law 财政法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税criminal court 刑事法院(庭) civil court 民事法院(庭)Court of Cassation 上诉法院juvenile court 少年法庭court-martial 军事法庭Law Courts 法院，法庭The Bar 律师席judge 法官presiding judge 庭长，首席法官legal adviser 法律顾问judge in appeal 上诉法官jury 陪审团juror 陪审员assistant lawyer 见习律师attorney 代诉人，代理人notary 公证人criminal record 前科，犯罪记录proceedings (诉讼)程序inquiry 询问，调查hearing 审讯，审问summary 速审evidence, exhibits 证据alibi 不在犯罪现场summons 传票warrant for arrest 逮捕证responsibility, liability 责任on probation 缓刑release on bail 保释release on parole 假释to witness 作证eyewitness 目击证人，目击者attorney general 首席检察官，检察长regional court, Court of Appeal 地区法院Commercial Law, Mercantile Law 商法examining magistrate 地方预审法官court of first instance 一审法院(庭) interrogatory, examination 讯问，质问hearing of witnesses 听证，听取证词juvenile court judge 少年法庭法官lawyer, solicitor 律师，法律顾问barrister 出庭律师 (美作: attorney, lawyer) to sue, to prosecute 起诉，提起公诉 High Court 高级法院 (美作: Supreme Court)domiciliary visit, house search 住宅搜查Civil Suit Law, Code of Civil Law 民事诉讼法National Audit Office 审计委员会 (美作: Committee on Public Accounts) to fall within the competence of a court 属于法律管辖权限之内 International Court of Justice (联合国) 国际法院conciliation board in industrial disputes 劳工纠纷调解委员会 counsel for the defence 辩护律师，被告律师public prosecutor 公诉人，检察官 (美作: districtattorney) arbitration tribunal, court of arbitration 仲裁法庭IV . Word Building-age“总称”，如: cellarage, baggage “地位、身份、状态”，如: baronage, bondage “动作”，如: breakage, passage “费用、租金”，如: cartage, postage parent n . parentage 父母亲的身份,出身,门第 block v . blockage 堵塞物 break v . breakage 破坏,破损,破损量 cart n . cartage 运费 货车运输 vagabond ['væg ə,b ɔnd] n .v .a . 流浪者,流浪的 vagabondage 流浪生活,流浪者 vicar n . vicarage 教区牧师住处[俸禄]V . Language Pointsany way (both words stressed): by any method; in any manner anyway (stressed on the first syllable): in spite of that; in any case--I’m going ______, no matter what you say. --Well, _______, it’s too late to do anything now. anyway it _________ you want. I don’t care. I just want the result. any way --He is desperate. He has to find that money _________. Any wayPreliminary ①adj: happening before sth that is more important, often in order to prepare for it; preparatory② noun: usually plural forms <preliminaries> --The Congress will start preliminary hearing s soon. (预备听政会) --without preliminaries (开门见山地) --Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the competition. (头几个回合)--May I make a few preliminary remarks before we start the interview. (开场白)strangle ['stræŋɡl] vt.扼死; 使窒息manslaughter ['mæn,slɔ:tə] n.<律>过失杀人(罪);误杀suffocate ['sʌfə,keɪt] vt. & vi.(使某人)窒息而死, (将某人)闷死vi.呼吸困难, 窒massacre ['mæsəkə] n.大屠杀；〈口〉惨败vt.大屠杀；〈口〉彻底击败otherwise①differently (adv.)--Y ou are presumed to be innocent until proved otherwise. (proved not to be)--I was unable to attend the conference because I was otherwise engaged. (busy with something else)②apart from that --The soup was cold, but otherwise the meal was excellent.③if not --Y ou’d better go now, otherwise you’ll miss the train.Provoke to make angry or bad-tempered, esp, by continually annoying--Her insensitive speech provoked an angry reaction. --His refusal to answer provoked me to shout at him. --The students tried to provoke the teacher into losing her temper.sensible: reasonable; showing good sense--a sensible man --She is very sensible of the trouble. --It is very sensible of you to take his advice.--It would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.sensitive:①(~ + to) easily influence or changed by sth--sensitive to cold/heat --a sensitive skin②( ~ + about) have feelings that are easily hurt/offended--Don’t mention that she’s put on weight, she’s very sensitive about it.--Her tears were just a trick to deceive others.（诡计）--card tricks （扑克牌魔术）--Our children used to play tricks on us.（捉弄）--magic tricks （魔术）--Don’t play dirty tricks on me.（卑鄙手段）--How’s trick? (colloq) （混得如何）talk it out: discuss it thoroughly until we reach a final decision.Out: thoroughly, completely, so as to be finished1.Let’s play the match out.2.Clean out the room.3.I’m tired out.4.I had to sit out that boring performance.5.Please hear me out.6.The oil in the heater is running out.7.The wind blew the candles out.8.The lease is already out.9.He will be back before the month is out.10.Let’s try and s ort out this mess.probable: with all the evidence in its support or being so reasonable that one may think it is likely to occur; that has a good chance of being true or correct. possible: that can exist, happen or be done.--It’s possible that they will win, but judging by their recent performance it doesn’t seem very probable.in the first place --It you don’t care about your children, why do you have them in the first place.--If these programs make you so upset, why do you listen to them in the first place.--Y ou say that you just don’t like to talk. Then you shouldn’t have chosen language study as your career in the first place.stamp(followed by adv or prep)--He was stamping about in the snow trying to keep his feet warm. --She stamped upstairs.--She stamped on the insects and killed it. --He was stamping around the room in a furious temper. break the tie--The election/game ended in a tie.We tied our opposing team.--gamble at poker/cards --gamble on horses (horse races)--gamble in the stock exchange --He gambled away the fortune his grandmother left him.--He’s gambling wit h his passengers’ lives, driving as fastas that.From the textTake a preliminary voteV ote the accused guiltyNow we know where we areIn a dozen different waysSend the boy off to dieServe a jail term for forgerySince when is dishonesty a group characteristic?A quick ideaInnocent until proven guiltyThe burden of proof is on the prosecutionStick the knife into one’s chest=stab sb.It’s just part of the pictureTwo slaps in the faceReform schoolKnife fightingSlums are breeding-grounds for criminals Potential menaces to societyThe evidence spilled outThe defense counselor let too many things go by Put myself in sb’s placeOne alleged eyewitnessSwitch bladeStab sb. to deathY ou pulled a real bright trickI’ve got a proposition to make to all of youV ote by secret written ballotStand sloneGolden voiced preacherTalk to a dead phonePass a given pointWhat are you getting at?It may have been too many. Everyone has a breaking point The product of a breaking home and a filthy neighborhood We’re not getting anywhere fighting(争吵一点意义也没有) Violence is practically a normal state of affairs with him。
现代大学英语3 Unit 5 Silent Spring 词汇精讲
Unit 5 Silent Springabundance: a large quantity of something●an abundance of thick dark hair●One quality the team possessed in abundance was fighting spirit.abundant: existing in large quantities; more than enough (≠scarce)●an abundant supply of fresh wateracreage●The aim is to increase the forestry acreage by 60% by the end of the decade.-age1.the action or result of: breakage2. a state or condition of: bondage3. a set or group of: baggage4.an amount of: mileage5.the cost of: postage6. a place where: anchorageangle: to catch fish with a line and a hook●go anglingangler: someone who catches fish as a sport or as a hobbyfisherman: someone who catches fish as a sport or as a jobassault: n. the crime of physically attacking someone● a case of robbery and assault●sexual assaults on/against women●an assault on the capitalist system (criticism)v. to attack someone in a violent waybiocide-cide/icide1.the act of killing: suicide, genocide2. a person or thing that kills: pesticide, biocide, insecticide-icidal adj. suicidalblaze: n. a big dangerous fire - used especially in news reports; a fire burning with strong bright flames●It took almost 100 firemen to bring the blaze under control.● a huge chemical factory blazea ~ of sth: a very bright show of lights or color; an impressive or noticeable show of sth●The gardens in summer are a blaze of color.● a blaze of lights in the city center●As soon as the trial was over, the blaze of publicity surrounding him vanished.●She played the Canada tournament then retired, going out in a blaze of glory.v. to burn very brightly and stronglybound●It's bound to be sunny again tomorrow.●You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.● a plane bound for Beijing●We are here to make sure that the police operate within the bounds of the law.built-in: forming a part of something that cannot be separated from it● a built-in microphone●built-in cupboardscheck●You need to check in two hours before the flight.●We've checked in at the hotel.●Guests should check out of their rooms by noon.●checks and balances: a system that makes it possible for some people or parts of anorganization to control the others, so that no particular person or part has too much power or influence; in the US) the principle of government by which the President, Congress and the Supreme Court each have some control over the otherscoat: to cover something with a thin layer of something else● A layer of snow coated the trees.●cookies thickly coated with chocolate●coated pillsconfine: keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space●Is it cruel to confine a bird in a cage?●After her operation, she was confined to bed for a week.confined: adj. kept in limited spaceconsent: n. permission to do something; agreement about something●He took the car without the owner's consent.●Her parents gave their consent to the marriage.●divorce by mutual consentv. to give your permission for something or agree to do something●Her father reluctantly consented to the marriage.●He rarely consents to do interviews.contaminate: to make a place or substance dirty or harmful by putting something such as chemicals or poison in itcontamination n. radioactive contaminationcontaminant: a substance that makes something dirtycontend●Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously thought.●Three armed groups are contending for power.●The rescue team also had bad weather conditions to contend with.damp(1)adj. slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way● a cold, damp day(2)v. to dampen somethingdamp down: to make a fire burn more slowly, often by covering it with ash; to make sth (emotion or feeling) less strong; to reduce●We damped the fire down before we went to bed.●damp (down) sb's spirits/energy●Soft material damps down vibrations.evolve: (of plants, animals, etc.) to develop gradually over many GENERATIONS from a simple form to a more complicated one●Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures.evolution n.●the theory of evolutionexplosive● A small explosive device was set off outside the UN headquarters today.●an explosive temper●the explosive growth of the export marketfilm●She put a new film in her camera.●the film industry● a horror/documentary film●Everything was covered in a film of dust.flamev. (literary) to become suddenly bright with light or colour, especially red or orange Erica's cheeks flamed with anger.(literary) to burn brightlyA great fire flamed in an open fireplace.flare: to suddenly begin to burn, or to burn more brightly for a short time●The match flared and went out.●The fire flared up again.●flare-back: n. sudden outburst of strong or violent activity once moreflicker: (1) to burn or shine with an unsteady light that goes on and off quicklyThe lights flickered and went out.(2)(of an emotion, a thought, etc.) to be expressed or appear somewhere for a short timeA smile flickered across/on her face.gear●His mountain bike had 18 gears.●Andy drove cautiously along in third gear.●Does this thing have a reverse gear?●climbing / fishing / sports gear●The typical career pattern was geared to men whose wives didn't work.immune●Once we've had the disease, we're immune for life.●acquired immune deficiency syndrome●Few men are immune to her charms. (not affected by)integrity: n. (1) the state of being whole and not divided●to respect the territorial integrity of the nation(2)the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles● a man of great integrityintegrate: v. o combine two or more things so that they work togetherintensify: v. to increase in degree or strength, or to make something do this●In June the civil war intensified.●His mother's death intensified his loneliness.intensification n.lethal: adj. causing death, or able to cause death● a lethal weapon● a lethal dose of heroinfatal: resulting in someone's death●fatal accident/illness/injury●In the nineteenth century childbirth often proved fatal.migrant n.(1)someone who goes to live in another area or country (moves from one place to another),especially in order to find work●migrant worker/laboreremigrant: someone who leaves their country in order to live in another country. They are known in their new country as an immigrant.(2) a bird or animal that travels regularly from one part of the world to anothermodify: v. to change sth slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purposemodify or amend?●The seats can be to fit other types of vehicle.●The law was to include women.mould/mold(1)to shape a soft substance by pressing or rolling it or by putting it into a mould●Mould the sausage meat into little balls.(2)to influence the way someone's character or attitudes develop●I try to take young athletes and mold them into team players.potent: adj. having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind = powerful●potent drugs● a very potent alcoholreserve v./n.●Do you have to reserve tickets in advance?●These seats are reserved for special guests.●reserved parking spaces●All rights reserved● a wildlife reserve●Federal Reserveshady -y suffix(also -ey) (in adjectives) full of; having the quality of: dusty ,clayey, windy(in adjectives) tending to: runny ◆sticky(in nouns) the action or process of: inquiry(also -ie) (in nouns, showing affection): doggy ◆daddysubjectv. subject sb. to sth: to force someone or something to experience something very unpleasant, especially over a long time●The city was subjected to heavy bombing.●Police subjected him to hours of questioning.adj.suppress●The uprising was ruthlessly suppressed.●Are the police suppressing some evidence?●drugs that suppress the appetitetamper: v. to touch something or make changes to it without permission, especially in order to deliberately damage it●The records of the meeting had been tampered with.●I don't see the point in tampering with a system that's worked fine so far.throb v.●The back of my neck throbbed painfully.●The ship's engines throbbed quietly.●The river is throbbing with life.●Her heart was throbbing with excitement.。
现代大学英语精读3词汇
现代大学英语精读3词汇现代大学英语精读3词汇词是由一个或几个词素构成的。
词素分两种，一种叫词根，一种叫词缀，下面店铺为大家带来现代大学英语精读3词汇，希望大家喜欢！unit 1adolescence n. 青春期adulthood n. 成年affirm vt. 证实,断言,肯定 vi. 断言,申明agenda n. 议事日程approval n. 批准, 认可, 同意, 赞同attitudinal adj. 态度的Baptist n. 施洗者约翰, 施洗者, 浸信会教友contribute vt. 捐助,投稿 vi. 投稿,贡献,是原因之一counsel n. 商议, 忠告, 法律顾问 v. 商议, 劝告crisis n. 危急关头,危机encyclopedia n. 百科全书endeavor n. 努力, 尽力, 进取心 vt. 努力,尽力 vi. 企图, 谋求endowment n. 捐助(奖金),天赋ethical adj. 伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的ethnic adj. 民族的，种族的，有民族特色的 n. 少数民族的一员evaluate vt. 评估,评价excessive adj. 过多的,过分的feminine adj. 女性的functional adj. 功能的,有功能的,实用的genetic adj. 基因的, 遗传的, 起源的heighten v. 增高,提高,加强inherit vi. 继承 vt. 继承,遗传inhibition n. 禁止, 禁制, 压抑interaction n. 相互作用, 相互影响internalize vt. 使内在化masculine n. 阳性, 男性 adj. 男性的, 阳性的, 有丈夫气的newscast n. 新闻广播option n.选择（的自由）；选项；选择权；选择能力 vt.得到或获准进行选择；调动球员peer vi. 凝视，盯着看；窥视 vt. 封为贵族；与…同等 n. 贵族；同等的人perceive v. 察觉, 感觉, 认知, 理解process n.过程；工序；做事方法；工艺流程 vt.加工；处理；审阅；审核 vi.列队行进 adj.经过特殊加工（或处理）的project n. 工程,项目,计划,事业 v. 计划,设计,表达 v. 投射,放映,凸出rebel n. 叛徒,起义者 vi. 造反,反抗,反感 adj. 造反的,反抗的,反叛者的resentment n. 怨恨, 愤恨seminary n. 神学院, 学院，发源地stressful adj. 紧张的, 压力重的theological adj. 神学的 =theologicunquestionably adv. 当然地, 无可非议地wardrobe n. 衣柜，衣橱 n. 全部服装adolescent adj. 青春期的, 青少年的 n. 青少年distressed adj.痛苦的动词distress的过去式和过去beard n. 胡须 vt. 抓住胡须,公开反对unit 2 Diogenes and Alexanderblock n.块；街区； <英>大楼，大厦；障碍物，阻碍 vt.阻止；阻塞；限制cynicism n.愤世嫉俗，讥笑，冷言冷语Cynicism:犬儒主义，犬儒哲学elaborate adj. 精细的, 详尽的, 精心的' v. 详细地说明, 用心地作,推敲elegant adj. 优雅的, 精美的, 俊美的fountain n. 喷泉,源泉,储水容器,泉水 vt.& vi. 使像喷泉一样流guffaw vi .哄笑, 狂笑 n. 哄笑, 狂笑 vt. 大笑着说lunatic adj. 疯狂的，极蠢的 n. 疯子macedonian adj.马其顿的 n.马其顿人monarch n. 帝王, 统治者, 元首/nn. 君王斑点蝶nudge vt. 轻推,引起注意,接近 vi. 轻推olive n. 橄榄, 橄榄树, 橄榄色 adj. 黄绿色的, 黄褐色的, 橄榄色的page n. 页 v. (给...)当听差 vt. (通过扩音器、传呼机等)呼叫paradox n.反论，悖论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事；[物]佯谬pebble n. 鹅卵石 n. 水晶, 水晶透镜 v. 用卵石铺,用卵石投掷,使有卵石纹privacy n. 隐私, 隐居, 秘密scant adj. 不充分的, 不足的 v. 减缩, 限制，忽略scoop n. 铲子, 舀取, 独家新闻, 一勺, 穴 vt. 汲取, 舀取, 抢先报道, 挖空scratch n. 抓痕,抓的声音,乱写 vt. &vi. 搔痒,抓,抹掉 adj. 使皮肤发痒的，潦草的squatter vi. 涉水过 n. 蹲着的人，擅自占地者，寮屋，寮屋住户stroll n. 闲逛,漫步 vt.& vi. 闲逛,漫步sweat n. 汗, 流汗, (因冷凝作用形成在物体表面的)水珠, 艰巨的任务, 焦急状态 vi. 出汗, 辛苦工作, 感到焦急 vt. 使流汗, 拼命做出...titter n. 嗤笑, 偷笑 vi. 吃吃地笑, 偷笑naked adj. 裸体的,无掩饰的,明白的,手无寸铁的corresponding adj. 符合的, 一致的, 相同的, 相应的, 相当的conventionality n. 常规，因袭传统generosity n. 慷慨, 大方bare adj. 赤裸的,显露的,极少的,仅仅的 vt. 使赤裸,露出squat n. 蹲 adj. 蹲着的, 矮胖胖的 v. 蹲下, 坐decay n. 衰退, 腐败 v. 衰退, 腐败scorn n. 轻蔑, 被叱责的人 v. 轻蔑, 不屑做handful n. 少数,一把,棘手之事 n. 【非正式用语】难以控制的人或费劲的事rough adj.粗糙的，崎岖不平的；粗鲁的；狂暴的，汹涌的；未经加工的 vt.粗暴地对待；使粗糙；草拟 n.粗糙的部分；艰难，苦难；（高尔夫球场的）深草区 adv.粗暴地 vi.举止粗野hollow n. 洞, 窟窿, 山谷 adj. 空的, 虚伪的, 空腹的 vt. 形成空洞, 挖空 vi. 形成空洞 adv. 有闷哑声, 完全地provide for 供给，为 ... 作准备at dawn 拂晓,天一亮merchant n. 商人,店主,专家 adj. 商业的know of 知道，听说mischievous adj. 调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的far too 极其，非常，远远，太healthy adj. 健康的healthful adj. 有益健康的, 使人健康的, 卫生的unit 3 Silent Springabundance n. 丰富,充裕acreage n. 土地的面积, 英亩数adapt vt. 使适应,改编 vi. 适应，适合adjust vt. 调整, 使...适于 vi. 适应angler n. 钓鱼者，琵琶鱼assault n. 攻击, 突袭 vt. 袭击, 突袭biocide n. 生物杀灭剂，杀虫剂biological adj. 生物学的birch n. 桦树, 桦木 vt. 用桦条抽打blaze n. 火焰,烈火 vi. 燃烧,发光 vt. 燃烧,宣布,在树皮上刻痕,领导,开拓bound n. 跳跃,界限,范围 adj. 必定的，受约束的,装订的,有义务的vt. 跳跃前进，形成界限brand n. 燃烧的木条,剑,商标,牌子,烙印,类型 vt. 打烙印,污蔑,铭记check vt.检查，核对；制止，抑制；在…上打勾 vi.核实，查核；中止；打勾； [象棋]将一军 n.<美>支票；制止，抑制；检验，核对chorus n. 合唱队,歌舞队，齐声说道，副歌部分， vt. 合唱coat n. 外套,一层,动物皮毛 vt. 外面覆盖,盖上毛衣colossal adj. 巨大的,异常的community n. 社区, 团体confined adj. 被限制的, 狭窄的, 在分娩中的动词confine的过去式和过去分词consent n. 同意, 许可 v. 同意, 承诺considerable adj. 相当大的,可观的,重要的contamination n. 污染,污染物contend vi. 奋斗,斗争,辩论 vt. 坚持认为,竞争counterpart n. 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物damp n. 毒气,湿气,丧气 adj. 潮湿的 vt. 呛,抑制,使潮湿 vi. 衰减deliberate adj. 故意的,深思熟虑的, 从容不迫的vi. 仔细考虑vt. 研讨deserted adj. 废弃的，荒芜的，被遗弃的动词desert的过去式和过去分词ecologist n. 生态学家environment n. 环境,外界evolve vt. &vi. 进展,进化,展开explosive adj. 爆炸(性)的 n. 炸药fern n. 羊齿植物，蕨film n. 电影, 胶卷, 薄膜 vt. 把...拍成电影, 给...覆上一薄层 vi. 从事电影拍摄flame n. 火焰,火舌,鲜红色,光辉,恋人,怀念,辱骂信息 vi. 焚烧,爆发,面红, 发辱骂信息 vt. 用烟火发信号,用火对待,发辱骂信息flicker n. 闪烁, 闪光, 颤动 v. 闪动, 闪烁, 摇动flock n. 一群,信众,软填料,短绒,棉絮,毛屑 vt. 塞填充料 vi. 成群而行,聚集gear n. 齿轮,传动装置,设备,工具 vt. &vi. 使适应于,以齿轮连起,配搭活动,调整habitat n. (动植物的)产地,栖息地harmony n. 和弦,协调,和睦,调和hence adv. 今后, 从此, 因此, 所以immune adj. 免除的,免疫的 n. 免疫者impetuous adj. 冲动的, 猛烈的, 轻率的indiscriminate adj. 无差别的, 不分皂白的, 杂陈的inhabit v. 居住于, 占据, 栖息insecticide n. 杀虫剂integrity n. 诚实, 正直, 完整, 完善intensification n.激烈化,增强明暗度intermingle v. 混合, 搀杂inventive adj. 善于创造的, 发明的irrecoverable adj. 不能挽回的, 不能复原的isolated adj. 分离的,孤立的land n. 陆地, 国土, 土地 v. 登陆, 登岸, 卸货lethal adj. 致命的,毁灭性的,有效的 n. 基因异常,致死基因marsh n. 沼泽, 湿地 Marsh：马什（人名）midst n. 中间, 当中 prep. (=amidst)在...当中migrant n. 移居者modify vt. 修改,调正,缓和 vi. 修改mold n. 模子,模型,类型,模式,雏型,真菌,软土 vt. 形成,形成,制模,发霉 vi. 符合形状,发霉organism n. 生物体, 有机体outbreak n. 爆发pool n. 水塘(池),游泳池,撞球 vi. 形成池塘 vt. 集中,积累potent adj. 强有力的,有效的primary n. 最主要者 adj. 主要的, 初期的, 根本的primitive adj. 原始的 n. 原始人,文艺复兴前的艺术家prosperous adj. 繁荣的, 兴旺的puzzle n. 难题,迷惑 vt. 使困惑,解决 vi. 迷惑,苦思radiation n. 辐射,放射线rapidity n. 迅速,急速,速度reserve n. 预备品, 贮存, 候补 n. 克制, 含蓄 vt. 保留, 预订, 延期resurgence n. 再起, 复活, 再现score n.得分；分数；总谱； 20个 v.得分；记分；评分；获得胜利shady adj. 荫凉的,成荫的,暗的sicken v. 患病, 使...厌倦, 生病sinister adj. 不吉利的, 凶恶的, 左边的span n.共轭（马、骡）；跨度，墩距；一段时间； [航] 跨绳 vt.缚住或扎牢；跨越时间或空间；以掌测量；以手围绕测量类似测量spell v. 拼写，缓慢地或吃力地读 n. 魅力，符咒 vt. 用符咒镇住(某人) n. 一段时间，轮班 v. 轮班，休息spiral n. 旋涡, 螺旋形之物 adj. 螺旋形的, 盘旋的 v. 成螺旋状下降或上升, 成螺旋状旋转still adj. 静止的, 不动的, 静寂的 adv. 仍然,更,静止地 conj. 然而,但是 vi. 变沉默 vt. 使冷静, 抓住, 使停止, 使放松 n. 沉默, 定格照, 酒厂subject n. 科目, 主题; 缘由 n. (君主国); 实验对象 adj. 服从的, 易患的 vt. 使隶属, 使服从; 使遭遇landscape n. 风景,山水,风景画 v. 美化…的景观,进行造园工程substantial n. 重要部份, 本质 adj. 大量的, 实质上的, 有内容的该单suppress vt. 镇压,使...止住,禁止surroundings n.环境synthetic adj. 综合的,合成的,人造的 n. 人工制品tamper v. 干预, 玩弄, 贿赂throb n. 悸动, 搏动 vi. 悸动troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的, 讨厌的，困难的，棘手的trout n. 鳟鱼，鳟鱼肉undergo vt. 遭受,经历,忍受vegetation n. 植物,草木,(植物)生长witchcraft n. 魔法, 巫术【现代大学英语精读3词汇】。
Unit_11_Silent_Spring ppt
11. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.(--11) lie long in soil: they stay in soil for a long time because they don’t break down chemically there entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death: the chemicals that insecticides contain are likely to enter birds and animals in food, and then pass out in waste matter from their bodies, get into the soil and are absorbed by the plants that grow on it. When birds and animals and people eat the plants, these substances again are taken into their bodies. This process goes on and on endlessly, poisoning plant and animal life alike. In short, the chemicals tend to be endlessly recycled in the food chains.
精读课文翻译silent spring寂静的春天（同飞君）
寂静的春天雷切尔·卡尔森在美国中部，曾经有一座城镇，在那里，所有的生灵和环境和谐相处。
这座城镇坐落在一片肥沃的农场之中，一到夏天，白色的云彩就像花瓣一样漂浮在绿色的原野上。
秋天，五颜六色的橡树，枫树和白桦树绽放在一片松林中，狐狸在山间啼叫，小鹿静静地穿过原野。
所年以来，生长在路边的月桂树、蕨类植物和野花总是令过路的旅行者感到高兴。
即使在冬天，路边也有美丽的景色，无数的小鸟回来到这里吃浆果，还有许多干草种子从雪地露出来。
事实上，这片乡村正是以它鸟类品种的丰富和多样而出名。
当大量的候鸟在春季和秋季蜂拥而来的时候，人们也从遥远的地方来此观赏它们。
还有人会在小溪边垂钓，清凉的小溪从山间流出，被树荫遮住的小水池里有鳟鱼游来游去。
直到许多年前的某一天，第一批定居者才来到此盖房子、挖水井、修建马棚。
后来，这片乡村中有了一个邪恶的咒语：神秘的疾病席卷了成群的小鸡；牛羊开始生病、死亡。
在镇上，医生们看到病人身上出现新的疾病，感到越来越困惑。
还有几起突发的死亡事件，死因不明，死者不仅有大人，还有小孩。
还有一种很奇怪的寂静。
比如说，鸟类，它们都去哪儿了？房屋后院给小鸟喂食的点儿都荒废了，仅有的几只能看见的鸟也只是在剧烈地颤抖，无法飞行。
这个春天悄无声息。
曾经，成群结队的鸟儿在清晨快乐地歌唱；现在，这里悄无声息，笼罩在田野、树林和湿地上面的只有寂静。
曾经拥有迷人景色的道路两旁，现在长满了变成褐色的枯萎植物，好像被火烧过一样。
这一切也是寂静的，被所有的生命遗弃。
即使是小溪也是毫无生气的。
所有的鱼都死了，垂钓者不再光顾这里。
几个星期之前，一种白色的粉末像雪花一样降落在这里的屋顶、草坪、田野还有小溪。
在这个遭受过打击的地区，新生命不再诞生。
这不是巫术，也不是什么敌人的行为。
这一切都是人类自己造成的。
这个城镇实际上并不存在。
我不知道哪一个乡村曾经经历过我这里描述的一切不幸。
当时，这里的每一个灾难都在某一个地方发生过，许多真正的乡村都已经遭遇了其中的很多灾难，这个想象中的悲剧很快都会变成我们不得不面对的残酷现实。
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Unit 5 Silent Springabundance: a large quantity of something●an abundance of thick dark hair●One quality the team possessed in abundance was fighting spirit.abundant: existing in large quantities; more than enough (≠scarce)●an abundant supply of fresh wateracreage●The aim is to increase the forestry acreage by 60% by the end of the decade.-age1.the action or result of: breakage2. a state or condition of: bondage3. a set or group of: baggage4.an amount of: mileage5.the cost of: postage6. a place where: anchorageangle: to catch fish with a line and a hook●go anglingangler: someone who catches fish as a sport or as a hobbyfisherman: someone who catches fish as a sport or as a jobassault: n. the crime of physically attacking someone● a case of robbery and assault●sexual assaults on/against women●an assault on the capitalist system (criticism)v. to attack someone in a violent waybiocide-cide/icide1.the act of killing: suicide, genocide2. a person or thing that kills: pesticide, biocide, insecticide-icidal adj. suicidalblaze: n. a big dangerous fire - used especially in news reports; a fire burning with strong bright flames●It took almost 100 firemen to bring the blaze under control.● a huge chemical factory blazea ~ of sth: a very bright show of lights or color; an impressive or noticeable show of sth●The gardens in summer are a blaze of color.● a blaze of lights in the city center●As soon as the trial was over, the blaze of publicity surrounding him vanished.●She played the Canada tournament then retired, going out in a blaze of glory.v. to burn very brightly and stronglybound●It's bound to be sunny again tomorrow.●You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.● a plane bound for Beijing●We are here to make sure that the police operate within the bounds of the law.built-in: forming a part of something that cannot be separated from it● a built-in microphone●built-in cupboardscheck●You need to check in two hours before the flight.●We've checked in at the hotel.●Guests should check out of their rooms by noon.●checks and balances: a system that makes it possible for some people or parts of anorganization to control the others, so that no particular person or part has too much power or influence; in the US) the principle of government by which the President, Congress and the Supreme Court each have some control over the otherscoat: to cover something with a thin layer of something else● A layer of snow coated the trees.●cookies thickly coated with chocolate●coated pillsconfine: keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space●Is it cruel to confine a bird in a cage?●After her operation, she was confined to bed for a week.confined: adj. kept in limited spaceconsent: n. permission to do something; agreement about something●He took the car without the owner's consent.●Her parents gave their consent to the marriage.●divorce by mutual consentv. to give your permission for something or agree to do something●Her father reluctantly consented to the marriage.●He rarely consents to do interviews.contaminate: to make a place or substance dirty or harmful by putting something such as chemicals or poison in itcontamination n. radioactive contaminationcontaminant: a substance that makes something dirtycontend●Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously thought.●Three armed groups are contending for power.●The rescue team also had bad weather conditions to contend with.damp(1)adj. slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way● a cold, damp day(2)v. to dampen somethingdamp down: to make a fire burn more slowly, often by covering it with ash; to make sth (emotion or feeling) less strong; to reduce●We damped the fire down before we went to bed.●damp (down) sb's spirits/energy●Soft material damps down vibrations.evolve: (of plants, animals, etc.) to develop gradually over many GENERATIONS from a simple form to a more complicated one●Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures.evolution n.●the theory of evolutionexplosive● A small explosive device was set off outside the UN headquarters today.●an explosive temper●the explosive growth of the export marketfilm●She put a new film in her camera.●the film industry● a horror/documentary film●Everything was covered in a film of dust.flamev. (literary) to become suddenly bright with light or colour, especially red or orange Erica's cheeks flamed with anger.(literary) to burn brightlyA great fire flamed in an open fireplace.flare: to suddenly begin to burn, or to burn more brightly for a short time●The match flared and went out.●The fire flared up again.●flare-back: n. sudden outburst of strong or violent activity once moreflicker: (1) to burn or shine with an unsteady light that goes on and off quicklyThe lights flickered and went out.(2)(of an emotion, a thought, etc.) to be expressed or appear somewhere for a short timeA smile flickered across/on her face.gear●His mountain bike had 18 gears.●Andy drove cautiously along in third gear.●Does this thing have a reverse gear?●climbing / fishing / sports gear●The typical career pattern was geared to men whose wives didn't work.immune●Once we've had the disease, we're immune for life.●acquired immune deficiency syndrome●Few men are immune to her charms. (not affected by)integrity: n. (1) the state of being whole and not divided●to respect the territorial integrity of the nation(2)the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles● a man of great integrityintegrate: v. o combine two or more things so that they work togetherintensify: v. to increase in degree or strength, or to make something do this●In June the civil war intensified.●His mother's death intensified his loneliness.intensification n.lethal: adj. causing death, or able to cause death● a lethal weapon● a lethal dose of heroinfatal: resulting in someone's death●fatal accident/illness/injury●In the nineteenth century childbirth often proved fatal.migrant n.(1)someone who goes to live in another area or country (moves from one place to another),especially in order to find work●migrant worker/laboreremigrant: someone who leaves their country in order to live in another country. They are known in their new country as an immigrant.(2) a bird or animal that travels regularly from one part of the world to anothermodify: v. to change sth slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purposemodify or amend?●The seats can be to fit other types of vehicle.●The law was to include women.mould/mold(1)to shape a soft substance by pressing or rolling it or by putting it into a mould●Mould the sausage meat into little balls.(2)to influence the way someone's character or attitudes develop●I try to take young athletes and mold them into team players.potent: adj. having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind = powerful●potent drugs● a very potent alcoholreserve v./n.●Do you have to reserve tickets in advance?●These seats are reserved for special guests.●reserved parking spaces●All rights reserved● a wildlife reserve●Federal Reserveshady -y suffix(also -ey) (in adjectives) full of; having the quality of: dusty ,clayey, windy(in adjectives) tending to: runny ◆sticky(in nouns) the action or process of: inquiry(also -ie) (in nouns, showing affection): doggy ◆daddysubjectv. subject sb. to sth: to force someone or something to experience something very unpleasant, especially over a long time●The city was subjected to heavy bombing.●Police subjected him to hours of questioning.adj.suppress●The uprising was ruthlessly suppressed.●Are the police suppressing some evidence?●drugs that suppress the appetitetamper: v. to touch something or make changes to it without permission, especially in order to deliberately damage it●The records of the meeting had been tampered with.●I don't see the point in tampering with a system that's worked fine so far.throb v.●The back of my neck throbbed painfully.●The ship's engines throbbed quietly.●The river is throbbing with life.●Her heart was throbbing with excitement.。