第2章量子物理基础讲课资料
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Nobel Prize 1932
wave mechanics = matrix mechanics
1926 Erwin Schrödinger in Austria Carl Eckert (age 24) in America
Proved: wave mechanics = matrix mechanics
(Schrödinger and Heisenberg theories equivalent mathematically)
Schrödinger's wave mechanics eventually became the method of choice, because it is less abstract and easier to understand than Heisenberg's matrix mechanics
1926 Schrödinger (age 39) Schrödinger equation
hn phn
Louis de Broglie (1892-1987)
Nobel Prize 1929
2 2UE
2m
Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961)
Nobel Prize 1933
matrix formulation of quantum mechanics
QUANTUM PHYSICS
量子力学的建立
经
典
普朗克能量量子化 爱因斯坦光量子论
物 玻尔量子论
理
旧
德布洛意物质波
量 海森伯矩阵力学
子 薛定格波动力学
论
狄拉克量子力学
量 子 力 学
（- 1900 年）
源自文库
（1900 - 1913 年）
（1923 - 1927 年）
量子力学的问题和应用
birthday of quantum mechanics
It was applied to atoms, molecules, and solids. It solved with ease the problem of helium It was used to explain chemical bonding It resolved various questions: structure of stars,
14 December 1900
Planck (age 42) suggests that radiation is quantized E = hn h = 6.626x10-34 J•s
Max Planck (1858-1947)
Nobel Prize 1918
Status of physics
nature of superconductors, : Even today it is being applied to new problems.
1925 at Göttingen (Germany) M. Born (age 43) W. Heisenberg (age 23) P. Jordan (age 22)
德布罗意波是概率波
Max Born (1882-1970)
Nobel Prize 1954
xpx /2
Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976)
1925 Pauli (age 25) Pauli exclusion principle
1928 Dirac (age 26) Dirac equation (quantum+relativity)
Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958)
Nobel Prize 1945
Paul Dirac (1902-1984)
Neumann (mathematician) invented operator theory Largely because of his work (publish his book in 1932), quantum physics and operator theory can be viewed as two aspects of the same subject.
1897 Thompson (age 41) Nobel Prize 1906
measures the electron "plum pudding" model
1905 Einstein (age 26) h n
proposes the photon p h
1 m
2
m 2v
hnA
hn m c2
Nobel Prize 1933
1927 Solvay Conference
Held in Belgium, the conference was attended by the world's most notable physicists
to discuss the newly formulated quantum theory.
1911 Rutherford (age 40) Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
infers the nucleus
Nobel Prize 1921
wavefunction formulation of quantum mechanics
1923 De Broglie (age 31) matter has wave properties
量子力学
A number of scientists, including Schrödinger, de Broglie, and most prominently Einstein, remained unhappy with the standard probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics.
任何能思考量子力学而又没有被搞得头晕目眩的人 都没有真正理解量子力学
"Anyone who has not been shocked by quantum physics has not understood it."
- Niels Bohr
applications of quantum mechanics
wave mechanics = matrix mechanics
1926 Erwin Schrödinger in Austria Carl Eckert (age 24) in America
Proved: wave mechanics = matrix mechanics
(Schrödinger and Heisenberg theories equivalent mathematically)
Schrödinger's wave mechanics eventually became the method of choice, because it is less abstract and easier to understand than Heisenberg's matrix mechanics
1926 Schrödinger (age 39) Schrödinger equation
hn phn
Louis de Broglie (1892-1987)
Nobel Prize 1929
2 2UE
2m
Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961)
Nobel Prize 1933
matrix formulation of quantum mechanics
QUANTUM PHYSICS
量子力学的建立
经
典
普朗克能量量子化 爱因斯坦光量子论
物 玻尔量子论
理
旧
德布洛意物质波
量 海森伯矩阵力学
子 薛定格波动力学
论
狄拉克量子力学
量 子 力 学
（- 1900 年）
源自文库
（1900 - 1913 年）
（1923 - 1927 年）
量子力学的问题和应用
birthday of quantum mechanics
It was applied to atoms, molecules, and solids. It solved with ease the problem of helium It was used to explain chemical bonding It resolved various questions: structure of stars,
14 December 1900
Planck (age 42) suggests that radiation is quantized E = hn h = 6.626x10-34 J•s
Max Planck (1858-1947)
Nobel Prize 1918
Status of physics
nature of superconductors, : Even today it is being applied to new problems.
1925 at Göttingen (Germany) M. Born (age 43) W. Heisenberg (age 23) P. Jordan (age 22)
德布罗意波是概率波
Max Born (1882-1970)
Nobel Prize 1954
xpx /2
Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976)
1925 Pauli (age 25) Pauli exclusion principle
1928 Dirac (age 26) Dirac equation (quantum+relativity)
Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958)
Nobel Prize 1945
Paul Dirac (1902-1984)
Neumann (mathematician) invented operator theory Largely because of his work (publish his book in 1932), quantum physics and operator theory can be viewed as two aspects of the same subject.
1897 Thompson (age 41) Nobel Prize 1906
measures the electron "plum pudding" model
1905 Einstein (age 26) h n
proposes the photon p h
1 m
2
m 2v
hnA
hn m c2
Nobel Prize 1933
1927 Solvay Conference
Held in Belgium, the conference was attended by the world's most notable physicists
to discuss the newly formulated quantum theory.
1911 Rutherford (age 40) Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
infers the nucleus
Nobel Prize 1921
wavefunction formulation of quantum mechanics
1923 De Broglie (age 31) matter has wave properties
量子力学
A number of scientists, including Schrödinger, de Broglie, and most prominently Einstein, remained unhappy with the standard probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics.
任何能思考量子力学而又没有被搞得头晕目眩的人 都没有真正理解量子力学
"Anyone who has not been shocked by quantum physics has not understood it."
- Niels Bohr
applications of quantum mechanics