新版新目标英语八年级下册unit2知识点总结

Unit 2 I'll help clean the city parks.
Section A
1. 短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
(1).动词+副词give up 放弃turn off 关掉stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。

(2).动词+介词=及物动词，后跟宾语。

listen of 听look at 看belong to 属于
(3).动词+副词+介词
come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完，耗尽
(4).动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加catch hold of 抓住
2.help
help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事help do sth 帮助做某事
help oneself to sth随便吃help sb. out 帮助某人解决难题(摆脱困境)
clean up 打扫clean-up n. 打扫
3. cheer cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作cheer me up 使我高兴
(1) v 欢呼，喝彩
(2) v 为...欢呼，高呼
(3) n 可数欢呼声，喝彩声
(4) cheer on 为...加油
3.give out v+adv
(1)散发，分发= hand out give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
(2)发出（光热声音气味等）
(3)用完耗尽Our food will give out soon.
give away 赠送捐赠give away sth. to sb
give sb. sth. 给某人某东=give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西
5. put off 推迟（后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语）put off doing 推迟做某事
put away 收起来put on穿上put out扑灭；伸出put up张贴，搭建put back放回原处
put down 放下记下
6.notice
可数名词：公告牌，通告，布告
不可数名词：注意Take notice of what I say.
动词：注意到留心看到
ed to do sth过去…(现在不了) 没有人称和时态变化
get/be used to doing习惯于（一直在做）
be used to do被用来做
be used for+n/ doing被用于…Stamps are used for sending mails.
She goes to climb mountains every Sunday.But she used to hate climbing mountains.
8.lonely alone
lonely adj 孤单的（心理状态，内心感到孤独，侧重于缺少同伴或同情而感到孤独，感情色彩较强）作表语；也可作定语修饰地点名词，荒凉的，侧重于人迹罕至或远离人烟，很荒凉alone adj 单独的，独自的；adv 独自地侧重一个人与其他的人或事物分开，不含感情色彩
He feels lonely without friends.
He is alone in the room.独自呆在房间
He lives alone but doesn’t feel lonely.
9.volunteer
(1)可数名词志愿者
(2)adj. 自愿的
(3) v volunteer to do sth 志愿效劳、主动贡献
They are the Chinese People’s V olunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。

I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。

10.give up doing 放弃做某事
give up time to do sth 放弃时间去做某事
11.satisfaction n 满意satisfy v 使满意satisfied adj 满意的
(1)be satisfied to do sth 对做某事感到满意
(2)be satisfied with 对...感到满意
(3)dissatisfaction dissatisfy dissatisfied
12.sick adj. 生病的;恶心的，呕吐的作表语、定语
ill adj. 生病的作表语，不能作定语
13.raise
(1)举起，抬起raise your hands
(2)种植raise corn
(3)饲养，供养raise a dog
(4)筹集，征集raise money
14.own
(1)adj 自己的I have my own room. I saw it with my own eyes. 我亲眼看见它的。

(2)v 拥有=have I own a big room.
(3)n owner 主人，可数He is the owner of the bike.
(4) of one’s own. 属于某人自己的
Section B
1.run out run out of
(1) run out (become used up). 用完，用尽
主语往往为物(时间，食物，金钱，油等)，本身就含有被动意义。

His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

(2)run out of 用完了
主语为人或某种能消耗物品的机器等，表示主动含义。

He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。

(3) 两者在一定条件下可以互换
The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

= We are running out of time
(4) run out of 从.....跑出来
(5) sth runs out 某物用尽了，用完了
2.take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be similar to 与..相像/相似look after 照顾take care of 照顾
look like 看上去像多指外貌
be like 像指外貌性格
3.write the letter to sb=write to sb 给某人写信
receive a letter from sb=hear from sb 收到某人的来信
4.disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的丧失能力的disable v. 使失去能力，使残疾
5. make a difference to 对...产生影响big great
It makes no difference to me.这对我没什么影响。

make no difference to 对...没有影响
One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘谬以千里
6.have difficulty in doing sth 在做某事方面有困难
7.open
(1)adj 开着的(closed)；开张的，营业的；开放的(be open to )
(2)v 打开将原来关着或合着的东西打开close
8. train n. 火车v. 训练training n 训练；培养；锻炼
train sb/sth. to do. 训练某人做某事We can train the dog to do farm work.
train sb in sth在某方面训练某人He trains his daughter in medicine.
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。

9.be excited about 对....感到兴奋，激动
be excited to do sth 对做某事感到兴奋
10. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事
11.be strong in 强项是
strong adj 强壮的，强健的；坚固的，结实的；强烈的，厉害的
12. work out v. + adv
(1)结局，结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。

(2)算出
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。

(3)制订出
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。

(4)消耗完（精力等）
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。

(5)(使问题)逐渐解决
e up with 提出想出=think up 想出catch up with 赶上追上
put up 张贴call up 打电话write down 写下记下set up 成立建立
put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用
plan to do 计划做某=plan + 从句
make plans to do sth 制定计划做某事
ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
get a feeling of 有...的感觉
make it possible for sb to do sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的
care for照顾come true实现fix up修理be similar with相似try out for参加选拔decide to do决定做…。