研究生英语上册第八单元英语与翻译对应
外研社版学术英语综合Unit8译文
第八单元全球化Text A从柏柏尔人到巴赫的全球化之路马友友作为职业大提琴手已有三十余年，其间有整整二十个年头都一直奔波在巡演的路上，与此同时，我也致力于了解各种音乐的传统与文化。
正是这些旅途让我认识到文化传统在全球化的世界中所扮演的角色——为个体身份、社会安定与友好交流建立至关重要的框架。
当今世界变化日新月异，这必然会导致文化上的不稳定，人们也不禁对自身的定位产生疑问。
在全球化背景下，我们不得不屈从于他人的规则，因此常常会威胁到个体的特性。
这种处境令我们不安，因为屈从他人规则就意味着不得不改变我们坚守数千年并引以为傲的风俗习惯。
因此，当前全球化背景下的领导者们所面临的一个关键问题就是：如何才能在不牺牲个体特性与文化自豪感的同时，让各种文化和习俗逐渐发展到能够适应一个更大的平台呢？这些年的音乐之旅告诉我，全球化进程中的交流互动并不只会破坏文化，相反，它不仅能创造新的文化，而且还会为那些存在了几世纪的古老传统注入新的活力，使其被世界上更多的人熟知。
这一点与生态学上的群落“边缘效应”类似，后者本身是用来描述两个不同的生态系统交汇时的景象。
例如，在森林与大草原这两种生态系统的交界之处，存在着密度最小但种类最多的生命形态，而每一种形态都汲取了两种生态系统的精髓。
由此可见，有时候最有趣的事情往往发生在边缘地带，而交叉地带往往能够揭示出意想不到的联系。
文化，就像是聚集了世界各地瑰宝的拼图。
探索世界的途径之一正是深入地挖掘文化传统的核心。
举一个音乐领域的例子，每一位大提琴手的核心曲目都是巴赫的《无伴奏大提琴组曲》。
而每一个组曲的核心都是一种叫做萨拉班德舞（sarabande）的舞曲。
这种缓慢而感性的舞曲最早来自于北非柏柏尔人的音乐，随后流传到西班牙，但因当时人们认为曲子猥亵而遭到禁止。
后来西班牙人将这种舞曲又带到美洲，继而流传到了法国，在那里演化为一种庄严的宫廷舞蹈。
一直到十八世纪二十年代，巴赫才将萨拉班德舞曲作为一个乐章融入到他的组曲当中。
复旦研究生英语Unit Eight
Is Love an Art?Is Love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experiences is a matter of chance, something one "falls intro" if one is lucky? Undoubtedly, the majority of people today believe in the latter.爱是一门艺术吗？那就需要知识并付出努力。
或者爱是一种令人愉悦的情感，只有幸运儿才能“坠入”爱河呢？这本小书是以第一种假设为前提的，而大多数人无疑都相信第二种假设。
Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it; they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories, they listen to hundreds of trashy songs abut love - yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love.人们并非认为爱无关紧要。
人们对于爱总是如饥似渴，悲欢离合的爱情电影他们百看不厌，百般无聊的爱情歌曲他们百听不烦。
但很少有人认为爱需要学习。
This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combinedly tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of “being loved”, rather than that of “loving”, of one's capacity to love. Hence the problem to th em is how to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim they follow several paths. One, which is especially used by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of one's position permits. Another, used especially by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivating one's body, dress, etc. Other ways of making oneself attractive, used both by men and women, are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Many of the ways to make oneself lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful, "to win friends and influence people." As a matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal.对爱的这种奇怪观点基于几个错误前提，这些前提或单独或一起支撑着这一观点。
外研版八年级上册单词英译汉
外研版八年级上册单词英译汉Module 1: How to Learn EnglishLearning English can be challenging。
but with the right tools and techniques。
it can also be rewarding。
Here are some important words and concepts to help you on your journey:Pair: A set of two things that go together。
For example。
a pair of shoes or a pair of socks.Correct: To make something right or accurate。
This can be a verb (to correct XXX adjective (the correct answer).Spelling: The way a word is written。
This is XXX.Word: A unit of language that has meaning。
Words can be XXX.Practice: To do something XXX.Match: To find two things that go together。
For example。
matching a word to its n.Meaning: XXX XXX a word represents.Complete: XXX something or make it whole.Sentence: A group of words that express a XXX.Grammar: The rules and structure of a language.Lookup: To search for n in a reference book or online.Make a XXX: To do something incorrectly.Understood: To have grasped the meaning of something.Should: XXX.Write down: To record something in writing. et: To not remember something.Aloud: In a voice that can be heard.n: The way a word is spoken.Main: XXX.Agree: To have the same XXX. Vocabulary: The words used in a XXX or group. Improve: To make something better.Time: A d of n.Shy: XXX.Quickly: At a fast pace.Suggest: XXX.nary: A reference book containing ns of words.XXX: A XXX.XXX: An error or incorrect n.XXX: XXX.Advice: XXX.Possible: Able to be done or achieved.Notebook: A book used for writing notes or keeping records. Pronounce: To say a word correctly.: A device used for XXX.Key: XXX.XXX: XXX.Agree with sb: To have the same XXX.Ask for: To request something.Basic: XXX.Advise: XXX.Module 5: XXXThe Lao She Teahouse is a famous teahouse in Beijing。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B第8和11单元中英文对照翻译
男人耕作女持家；男上战场女纺纱。男人理智女感性；男士好令女听命。 如若不然皆混乱。Man for the sword and the needle she;Man with the head and woman with the heart;Man to command and woman to obey;All else confusion.
2.性别角色以社会准则为基础，社会准则是一个社会内部可接受的公认行为标准。这些准则――如男人应该控制情感、女人应该顺从――不仅影响我们对于他人的判断，而且影响我们对自身的判断。因此，如何你是一个在情绪激动时会流泪的男性，或者一个会控制课堂讨论和争论的女性，你可能对自己判断严苛，因为你已经内化了传统的性别角色假设。因此，性别角色是我们关于自我认识――性别身份――的一部分。 Para 2 Sex roles are based on social norms—the agreed-upon standards of acceptable behavior within a society. These norms—such as the norms that men should keep their feelings under control and women should be passive—influence our judgments not only of others but also of ourselves. Thus, if you are male and prone to tears during highly emotional moments or female and likely to dominate classroom discussions and arguments, you may judge yourself harshly because you have internalized traditional sex-role assumptions. Sex roles, then, are part of our concept of ourselves, our gender identity.
unit 8北师教育硕士英语课文翻译及课后答案.
Unit 8Text AI.Exploring the Textprehension of the Text1. 1) C 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) C2. Answers may vary.ii.Critical ReadingAnswers may vary.II.Activating Your Vocabularyi.1) f 2) c 3) a 4) g 5) i6) j 7) b 8) d 9) e 10) hii.1) squandered 2) hang back 3) galloped 4) banished5) subdue 6) fettered 7) trudge 8) imperceptible9) jostled 10) consistentIII.Enriching Your Word Poweri. 1) subsoil 2) concentric 3) multifunction 4) interaction5) submarine 6) multilateral 7) coworkers 8) intercommunicationii. 1) 警察应当遵章办事。
2) 我认为，他在说谎。
3) 我不知道为什么他不喜欢她了。
4) 你怎么能指望我爱上一个说话咬文嚼字的人呢？5) 这位消防员救人的英雄事迹值得大书特书/赞扬。
6) 我们相信不久他就会被法办。
7) 我认为他们已经销毁了证据。
8) 法官要求被告对圣经宣誓。
9) 我非常清楚你要做什么，我看透你了。
10) 如果你也想成为一位知名教授，跟着我学就可以了。
IV.Challenging Your Grammari. The Subjunctive MoodExercise 1 1) C 2) C 3) A 4) A 5) AExercise 21) You could catch the train if you took a taxi. / You could have caught the train if you hadtaken a taxi.2) I should stay at home if it were too hot. / I should have stayed at home if it had been too hot.3) She might get ill if she drank that water. / She might have got ill if she had drunk that water.4) What would you say to him if you met Mr. James? / What would you have said to him if youhad met Mr. James?5) If a beggar asked me for money, I would give him some. / If a beggar had asked me fro money,I would have given him some.6) I should speak to him if he spoke to me. / I should have spoken to him if he had spoken to me.V.Practicing Your Translation Skillsi.然而，事实上，只有少数人能正确对待书籍，从中吸取其所能给予的一切。
工硕研究生英语Unit 8
[1]汤普逊老师一年前就见到泰迪了,还注意到 他不能和其他孩子们很好地玩在一起.他衣服很 脏,总是一副没洗澡的样子.并且他常常令人不 愉快.现在汤普逊老师完全可以欣然用红笔在泰 迪的考卷上画大大的叉，然后在最上排写个不 及格！
6
[2] However, when she reviewed his file, she was in for a surprise. Teddy's first grade teacher wrote: "Teddy is a bright child with a ready laugh. He does his work neatly and has good manners...he is a joy to be around," His second grade teacher wrote, "Teddy is an excellent student, well liked by his classmates, but he is troubled because his mother has a terminal illness and life at home must be a struggle.“
Unit 8
1. Text 2. Exercise 3. Part C
1
Text A: Perfume
2
[1] As she stood in front of her 5th grade class on the very first day of school, she told the children an untruth. Like most teachers, she looked at her students and said that she loved them all the same. But that was impossible, because there in the front row, slumped in his seat, was a little boy named Teddy Stoddarled the children's laughter when she exclaimed how pretty the bracelet was, putting it on, and dabbing some of the perfume on her wrist. Teddy Stoddard stayed after school that day just long enough to say, "Mrs. Thompson, today you smelled just like my Mom used to." After the children left she cried for at least an hour. On that very day, she quit teaching reading, and writing, and arithmetic. Instead, she began to teach children.
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-8词汇及课后答案
Unit 8Literary WorksWord Bankbodega: n. a small Spanish [grocer杂货店老板->grocer’s (shop)] grocery (日杂用品) store, sometimes combined with a wineshop酒店，酒窖; spirit 精神/灵魂/烈性酒brandy: n. an alcoholic liquor distilled (分馏) from wine or fermented (发酵的) fruit juice白兰地; brand new崭新的(coffee<->) cafe (=cafeteria): n. (US) a place to buy drinks, simple meals, and snacks (快餐) in 咖啡馆，小餐馆client: n. a customer or patron顾客->patriot-> patrioticcommit: v. to do or perform sth. illegal做，实行或犯（罪）(confident: adj. ->) confidence: n. trust or faith in sb. or sth.信心，信赖despair (n./ vi. ->desperate: adj.): n. complete loss of hope绝望dew: n. water droplets (小水滴) condensed (凝结) from the air, usually at night露珠; -let: adj. small/ tinydignity (n. ->dignify: vt.): n. poise (n. / vt. 平衡) and self-respect尊严(drink->drank->) drunk: adj. intoxicated with alcoholic liquor喝醉的; drunk driving酒后驾车; drunkard醉鬼(dust->) dusty: adj. covered or filled with dust布满尘埃的employ (->employer<-> employee): v. to make use of使用hombre: n. (slang俚语/ 方言) a man from Spain男人，西班牙系的人insomnia: n. c hronic (慢性的/长期的) inability to fall asleep or remain asleep for an adequate (=enough) length of time失眠(症)insult: v. to treat with rudeness侮辱nasty: adj. dirty and smelly emission (散发): n. the act or an instance of emitting肮脏，邋遢的(omit->) omission省略, 删除rap: (1)n. 说唱文学作品; (2)vt. to hit sharply and swiftly敲击regard: (1) n. careful thought or attention留意，关心; (2)vt. consider认为reluctant(->reluctance): adj. be unwilling (to do sth.); (be) disinclined不愿意的<->be inclined to do sth.想做某事(sauce调味汁->) saucer: n. a small shallow dish having a slight circular (圆形的/ 环形的) depression (凹槽) in the center for holding a cup茶托shutter: n. a hinged cover or screen for a window, usually fitted with louvers (天窗,) 百叶窗spill: v. to cause or allow to run or fall out of a container (容器) 溢出，溅出square广场; ~ meter平方米/ cubic meter立方米自杀; pesticide杀虫剂syntax: n. the pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language句式，句型, 句法terrace: n. a platform extending outdoors (adv.户外) from a floor of a house or an apartment building平台, balcony阳台/ 楼厅unjust: (1) adj. unfair不公平的; (2)adv. What did you say just now?unpolished: adj. lacking in good manners, culture, or refinement粗鲁的；polish (=flatter)：vt. 阿谀奉承Phrases and Expressionsclose up: to cause to cease operation or being used打烊in a hurry (vi./ n.): hurriedly匆忙地; Hurry up, or we’ll be late!keep watch: to keep an careful observation盯梢; night watch守夜人; watch TV; see a film; listen to the news over the radio.put up (=lift): to construct or erect (竖立) sth.举起，抬起stay up (late) (=sit up late): not go to bed熬夜(turn on<->) turn off: to stop the operation or flow of sth. by means of a tap (水龙头), switch [(1)n.开关; (2)vi.转换] or button关掉(<->bottom)；code switch转码Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. Why did the two waiters of the café keep a close watch on the old man? ( B )A. Because the old man never showed up before.B. Because the old man tended to forget to pay the bill.C. Because the old man once committed suicide in the cafeD. Because the old man was getting drunk.2. In Para. 27, "... speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ when talking to drunken people or foreigners." Here the "omission of syntax" implies that ( D )A. the younger waiter had a poor knowledge of grammar and sentence structureB. the younger waiter in a hurry forgot to employ a right sentence structureC. the younger waiter saved some unnecessary sentence structureD. the younger waiter was too hurried and impatient to justify himself3. In what way were the younger waiter and the older waiter of two different kinds? ( D )A. The older waiter was sympathetic toward the old man, while the younger waiter was indifferent.B. The older waiter was seeking a clean and well lighted place, while the younger waiter enjoyed darkness because he was satisfied with the current life.C. The older waiter wanted to escape from nothingness, while the younger waiter hadn't yet lost passion for life.D. All of the above.4. What's the real purpose of the repeated employment of nada in this story? ( A )A. To indicate that life is unending emptiness without companionship of man or God.B. To suggest that life would yield no fruit at all if we don't try hard.C. To imply that we should not believe in any religion.D. To show that the life with nothing at all is not worth living.5. According to the story, what is a clean, well-lighted place? ( B )A. It is a spacious room with clean environment and good lights.B. It is an escape from the darkness and nothingness of the life.C. It is the paradise where people can get the bliss from the Lord.D. It is a bar or café, where people can seek the realization of their own values.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letterof each word has been given to you.It is late at night in a café. Two waiters of the cafe are keeping a close (1) watch on an old man. The old deaf man frequents (vt.平凡光顾) the café regularly and tends to leave without paying his (2) bill when drunk.As they watch, the two waiters gossip (n./ vi.) about the old man's recent (3) suicide attempt. The younger one comments (评论) that the man's (4) despair could not have been over money, since he seemed to have plenty. Then he refuses in vain (徒劳) to provide the old man another drink, so he complains to the older waiter that he is tired and wishes to go home. He also complains that he would already be on his way (5) home (n./ adv.) if the old man had succeeded (in) killing himself.(Note->) Noting that the old man must be nearly 80 years of age, the younger waiter says to live that long is (6) nasty (bad). However, the older waiter points out that the old man maintains hismotions (waves) for another brandy but is firmly (absolutely) turned down (refused), so he pays for his drinks and leaves. Then the two waiters go their separate ways (went home respectively). Rather than returning home, the older waiter goes to a bar to look for a clean and well (8) 1ighted place, where he is taken (=regarded/ considered) as a crazy person by the barman. On the way back home, he decides (thinks) that it will be (9) insomnia that accompanies (~ sb. to somewhere) him all night. For him, life is just full of (10) nothingness (uselessness/ insignificance).VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. He was (silhouette) silhouetted (侧面影象, 轮廓) ___D__ the light of the stair window.A. betweenB. amongC. fromD. against2. They listened to the soft ticking and creaking as the house ___A__.A. settledB. trembledC. shookD. quivered3.[manual labo(u)r->manufacture->) Manufacturers (厂商) will have to __A___ (substance->) substantial funds [(1)n.资金; (2)vt. 资助] to developing (开发) new engines.A. investB. commitC. anticipate (预料)D. cut4. Driven to __A___ due to the (lose) loss (n. 赔钱/ 亏损) in financial crisis, he threw himself under a train.A. despairB. madnessC. disappointmentD. excitement5. There are dark ___C__ beneath your eyes.A. cloudsB. bagsC. shadowsD. reflections (反射)6. Members of the Royal British Legion (军团) ___B__ past the Cenotaph (纪念碑).A. movedB. (vi.) marched (->March三月份)C. motionedD. mashed (vt.捣碎; smash)7. Plastic (n./ adj.) bags burn with a __D___, acrid (酸) smell.A. pleasantB. (noise->) noisy (adj.)C. penetrating (穿刺)D. nasty (=terrible)8. Years of (frustrate->) frustration __A___ over into (violent->) violence.A. spilledB. splashedC. spanked (打...的屁股)D. spread (散播开来)9. He (modesty: n.) modestly (谦虚) ___C__ to mention that he was British pole-vault champion (撑杆跳冠军).A. pretends (假装)B. offers (give)C. omitsD. presents [(1)n.礼物; (2)adj.在场的; (3)vt.再现历史事实]10. Questionnaire (调查问卷) and (ethnics种族/ 论理道德->ethnic: adj.) ethnographic (民族, 人种学的) study are the two basic instruments (仪器仪表手段) they ___C__ to collect data.A. edit 编辑B. exhibit展览C. employ利用D. enhance加强II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. dread dignity confidence reluctantunpolished sleep steady hurryemploy regard pleasant rapcommit drink square1. There are now (stiff: adj. 僵硬的/ 严厉的->) stiffer penalties (刑罚) for (drink->drank->drunk/ drink->drank->drunken) drunken drivers.2. We can find that the employment rate (概率) of university graduates (毕业/毕业生) has declined gradually.3. She sensed (felt) his (reluctant->) reluctance to continue the relationship with her.4. He turned off (偏离) the road into a sleepy (quiet/ out of the way/ remote) little town.5. Please give your parents my warmest regards. [give sb. my regards替我向某人问好]6. Peter is confident of winning the post (job) as the assistant (助手) to the managing director (行政经理).7. Behind the bar the (stew: vt. 炖) steward (服务员<-> stewardess空姐) are polishing (擦拭) the glasses busily.8. I've had a dreadful (terrible) day--everything seems to have gone wrong (出错go bad变质).9. Everyone sensed (felt) that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air.10. I tried (努力) to remember all the articles I had hurriedly packed (打包) and wrote them down (recorded) as (when) they came to me.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the caféand looked at the terrace where the tables were all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind.2. "No, thank you," said the waiter and went out. He disliked bars and bodegas. A clean, well-lighted café was a very different thing. Now, without thinking further, he would go home to hisroom. He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to sleep. After all, he said to himself, it was probably only insomnia. Many must have it.参考译文：1．他们一起坐在紧靠着餐馆大门墙边的桌旁，眼睛望着平台，那儿的桌子全都空无一人，只有那个老人坐在随风轻轻飘拂的树叶的阴影里。
英语第八单元-中文翻译
data-mining moves into the mainstream 第八单元的中文基本翻译。
谨以献给我们这些英语不太好的同志分享。
数据挖掘移动成为主流RODNEY MONROE, the police chief in Richmond, Va., describes himself as a lifelong cop whose expertise is in fighting street crime, not in software. His own Web browsing, he says, mostly involves checking golf scores.罗德尼梦露，在里士满，弗吉尼亚州警察局长，自己描述为终身制的警察，专门打击街头犯罪，而不是软件上。
他自己的Web浏览，他说，主要是查看高尔夫成绩。
But shortly after he became chief in 2005, a crime analyst who had retired from the force convinced him to try some clever software. The programs cull through information that the department already collects, like “911” and police reports, but add new streams of data — about neighborhood demographics and payday schedules, for example, or about weather, traffic patterns and sports events —to try to predict where crimes might occur.不过，不久后他担任2005年，犯罪分析师谁从空军退役让他试一试一些聪明的软件。
(完整版)研究生英语上册第八单元英语与翻译对应
16 Let both sides, for the first time, formulate (v.制订) serious and precise (adj.精确的，一丝不苟的) proposals (n.建议书) for the inspection (n.视察，检查) and control of arms(n.武器)---and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.让双方首次为军备检查和军备控制制订认真而又明确的提案，把毁灭其他国家的绝对力量置于所有国家的绝对控制之下。
17 Let both sides seek to invoke (v.调用，利用) the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts (n.沙漠/v.放弃，遗弃), eradicate (v.根除，消灭) disease, tap the ocean depths (深海), and encourage the arts and commerce (n.贸易).让双方寻求利用科学的神奇力量，而不是激发科学的恐怖因素。
让我们一起探索星球，征服沙漠，根除疾患，开发深海，并鼓励艺术和商业的发展。
18 Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah (n.以赛亚书(圣经旧约)；圣经男子名)---to “undo (v.取消；解开；破坏；撤销) the heavy burdens (n.负担；责任)… and to let the oppressed (adj.受压制的；受压迫的) go free (获得自由).让双方团结起来，在全世界各个角落倾听以赛亚的训令——“卸下沉重的负担，让被欺压者得到自由。
Unit8-Breakthrough Ideas—交大工程硕士英语课文翻译
Breakthrough Ideas 突破性想法No Monopoly on creativity创造无垄断1 Creativity is a virtually limitless resource: Every human being has creative potential that can be turned to valuable ends. The number of people doing creative work – the scientists , engineers, technologists, artists, and designers and the various professionals in health care, finance, law, and other fields who make up the ―creative class‖ – has increased vastly over the past century. In 1900, fewer than 10% of U.S. workers were doing creative work. In 1980, that figure was slightly more than 15%. But by 2000, the creative class included almost a third of the workforce. The creative sector accounts for nearly half of all wage and salary income in the United States -- $1.7 trillion, as much as the manufacturing and service sectors combined. Imagine wealth could be generated if the creative capacities of the remaining two-thirds of the workforce were harnessed, too.创造力事实上是一个无限的资源：每个人都有创造性的潜力，能带来有价值的结果。
研究生英语课程unit8
Unit 8Text AIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension(1) People’s frequent use of automobiles lead to the use of non-renewable fuels, a dramaticincrease in the rate of accidental death, social isolation and the disconnection of community, rise in obesity, the generation of air and noise pollution, the facilitation of urban sprawl and urban decay.(2) First, increased road-building exerts negative effects on the habitat for wildlife, primarilythrough habitat fragmentation and surface runoff alteration. Second, new roads built through sensitive habitats can cause the loss or degradation of ecosystems, and the materials required for roads come from large-scale rock quarrying and gravel extraction, which sometimes occurs in sensitive ecological areas. What’s more, road construction also alters the water table, increases surface runoff, and increases the risk of flooding. All these threaten the existence of wildlife.(3) Automobiles are a major source of air pollution and noise pollution. They contributegreatly to the global climate warming by emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.What’s more, the increased road-building exerts negative effects on wildlife habitat. (4) Automobiles brought about changes to urban society. First, streetcars, cable cars, and otherforms of light rail in the urban areas are replaced by coaches or buses. Second, it’s more dangerous for pedestrians to walk. Third, people have less contact with their neighbors and become more disconnected.(5) Until the advent of the automobile, factory workers lived either close to the factory or inhigh density communities farther away, connected to the factory by streetcar or rail. The automobile and the federal subsidies for roads and suburban development that supported car culture allowed people to live in low density communities far from the city center and integrated city neighborhoods. The outward growth of cities accelerated. The suburban society came.2. VocabularySection A(1) favorable (2) sprawl (3) proliferation (4) fragmentation (5) manure72(6) sanitation (7) diesel (8) integrate (9) ideology (10) solidifySection B(1) A (2) D (3) B (4) C (5) D (6) B (7) A (8) C (9) B (10) D3. Cloze(1) emphasizing (2) particularly (3) brought (4) alternative (5) moves(6) reliance (7) least (8) sure (9) intact (10) as(11) shadow (12) prospect (13) cigarettes (14) doubt (15) vast(16) suburban (17) mean (18) abandoned (19) right (20) purchasing4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) The two countries should initiate bilateral dialogues and cooperation on the basis of mutualrespect and equality, which will be beneficial to the economic development of both sides.(2) Unless we take all factors into account, we shall be faced for a long time with the socialproblem of insufficient employment, which is one element that causes social instability. (3) In this century, our country will continue to accelerate the strategic adjustment of theeconomic structure in an attempt to seize every opportunity to develop.(4) With the advent of biological economic era, many countries put a high value on developingbiotechnology industry.(5) The rampant deforestation has broken the panda habitat into isolated areas, which isespecially da ngerous for pandas’ existence.(6) Action, gesture, eye, and voice contribute to the greater effectiveness of drama ascompared with the novel.(7) Aside from wealth, potential moon travelers will need time to train for the mission andmust meet health requirements.(8) In response to an epidemic reported in the area, the government authorities immediatelydecided to fly in doctors and medical supplies to ease difficulties of the affected areas.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.At a time when most carmakers are struggling to cope with the worst crisis the industry has experienced in living memory, the ambitions of Geely, China’s biggest privately owned car firm, are breathtaking. The company is simultaneously developing six modern platforms—an astonishing number even for a global giant such as Toyota—and is committed to launching nine new cars in the next 18 months and up to 42 new models by 2015. Its technical director, Frank Zhao, claims that Geely will have the capacity to make 2m cars a year by then.B. English to ChineseUnit 8 731) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.汽车对于中产阶级的文化有着重要的影响，汽车融入到了从音乐到书籍到电影的各个生活层面。
当代研究生英语 第八单元 B课文翻译
从百老汇到遍及全国1.一个多世纪以来，纽约市中的一条街道已被称为是美国影院的中心。
这条街道的名字叫做百老汇。
对任何一个去过纽约的人提起百老汇的名字，他的脑海中将会记得那明亮的灯光，和令人兴奋的彩灯天空。
2.多少年来，百老汇已经历过成败，赞美与轻视。
最近一段时间，他面对了艺术上与商业上的特殊问题。
但是，尽管它不是很完美，百老汇认识美国影院活动中的中心。
对于在美国的那些年轻的表演者来说，他们的最终目的仍是在百老汇的舞台上进行表演。
3.另一方面，当作者们还在喜欢尤金·奥尼尔，马克斯韦尔安德森，埃尔默时，今天的百老汇已不再是20世纪20年代的百老汇了，西德尼·霍华德塑造了美国的戏剧，在1927-1928年单季中，百老汇的舞台上演出次数264次。
4.现如今，舞台作品的高消费仍限制在数量和质量上。
然而在二战以前百老汇生产的一个戏剧可能值一万美金或是更少，这要比当今价格至少要少十倍。
这样的结果导致了，更少的戏剧被创作出来，而且这些作品几乎很少去尝试新的戏剧风格，这是因为他们可能没被证明是盈利的。
5.在百老汇里，一部戏剧必须是在很长的一段时间里非常流行以至于能够吸引到观众。
长远的运作是很有必要的，因为在其他国家中作为领先剧院的百老汇剧院是不获得政府的经济支持的。
相反，如果资金是通过个人作品来筹集的，那么资金还要返还给投资者。
因此，创作者们需要找到可以取悦观众的作品。
通常的结果是一部几乎没有艺术价值的戏剧。
6.当然，流行不一定意味着没有价值。
在文艺展示的历史中，许多好的戏剧作品在它们的那个年代中是非常流行、非常成功的。
莎士比亚和莫里哀，都是表演公司的成员，他们并没有想创造出杰作，只不过是想娱乐或是感动观众。
一些流行的戏剧——甚至是现在认为是能流行的风格的戏剧，可能娱乐未来的世界。
7.如果任何一部生产在我们这个时代并且可以幸存到未来，那么毫无疑问的，将会成为百老汇中的一部戏剧作品。
但是，在美国剧院中，百老汇不再只是为了发展的一个剧院了。
研究生英语综合教程上 UNIt 8、9、10单元中task 3全文翻译和答案
UNIt 8，task 3.Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tend to adjust their behavior in response to what they perceive as changes in the level of risk. 风险补偿是指个体倾向于根据他们所认为的风险水平的变化来调整自己的行为。
Imagine,what would happen if safety regulations were to require all cars to be made of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes and with a sharp spike in the center of the steering column。
想象一下，如果安全法规要求所有的汽车都是用纸板做的，装有低效的刹车，并且在转向柱的中心有一个尖锐的尖刺，会发生什么。
if all roads were paved with a substance having the same frictiong cofficient as ice ,and if all drivers were obliged to change every other month or ,better yet,if there were no rules about which of the road to drive on.如果所有道路都铺设了与冰相同摩擦系数的物质，如果所有驾驶员必须每隔一个月换一次车，或者，更好的是，如果没有关于在哪条道路上行驶的规定。
the evidence suggests that there would be no increase,and possibly a decrease,in road accident fatalities,but there would be a substantial decrease in the efficiency of the road transport system.有证据表明，道路交通事故死亡人数不会增加，甚至可能会减少，但道路运输系统的效率会大幅下降。
Unit Eight新世纪研究生英语阅读B课文 答案 翻译
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• deem highly/meanly of sth./ sb. 看重/轻视某人/某事 • deem最常见的用法是宾语后面接形容词或名词作补 语。 • e.g. They deemed my work worthy. • deem sb. an honest man • 如果宾语较长，则用it作形式宾语 • e.g. I shall deem it an honour if you will join our party. • deem多用于正式场合，不宜用来代替口语中的think 等动词
8
• How is it that this world has always belonged to the men? • --SIMON ――西蒙娜· 波伏瓦 德· • • Simone de Beauvoir (/si5d 5r/ 1908-1986) a noted French author and feminist西蒙娜· 波伏瓦 德·
Unit 8
Sex Roles
1
Text and language points
Man for the field and woman for the hearth: Man for the sword and the needle she: Man with the head and woman with the heart: Man to command and woman to obey: All else confusion. --ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON
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• aggressive /5gres/ a. very determined to succeed or get what you want • nurturant /\tFrt/ a. providing loving care and attention
免费下载-研究生综合英语2-unit8汉语单词表
surest[ʃʊə]adj.一定( sure的最高级 )；无疑的；肯定要做某事的；不容置疑的1以其人之道还治其人之身[yǐ qí rén zhī dào huán zhì qí réDeal with a man as he deals with you. ；answera fool according to his foolery ；deal withhim as he has done to you ；Dose a man withhis own physique [physic].2complaisance[kəmˈpleɪsəns, -zəns]n. 讨好，殷勤3humor['hju:mə]n.幽默，心情，诙谐vt.迎合，牵就，顺应4take the tone of[]以音 以音5tone[təʊn]n.[语]声调，语调；[画]色调，色泽，明暗；[乐]乐音，全音，全音程；[医]（正常的）健康状态vt.使更健壮；定调；使变调子；[摄影术]给…上色vi.带有某种腔调；呈现某种色彩；（颜色）调和（与with 连用）6gay[ɡeɪ]adj.快乐的，愉快的；同性恋的；艳丽的，华丽的；放荡的，无法无天的n.同性恋者（尤指男性）7trifling[ˈtraɪflɪŋ]adj. 微不足道的;轻浮的;无聊的;懒散的;v. 轻视，小看（ trifle的现在分词 ）8attention[əˈtenʃn]n.注意，注意力；照料，关怀；殷勤int.[口令]立正9abate[ə'beɪt]vt.减少，减轻；[法]取消法令，作废vi.减轻；失效n.减轻；折扣10banish['bænɪʃ]vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除11egotism['eɡətɪzəm]n.自我中心，自尊自大12impertinent[ɪmˈpɜ:tɪnənt]adj.无礼的；莽撞的；不切题的；不中肯的13excellence[ˈeksələns]n.优秀，卓越；优点；美德14exhibition[ˌeksiˈbiʃən]n. 陈列，展览;展览品，陈列品;表明;[法]（证据等的）提出15exhibit[iɡˈzibit]vt. 陈列，展览;呈现;证明;[法]提交证据;vi. 公开展览某物;展出;n. 展览，陈列;展览品;公开展示;[法]证据16infallibly[ɪn'fæləblɪ]adv.绝对无误地17clamor['klæmə]n.喧哗声，喧闹；大声的要求或抗议vi.喧哗，吵闹；大声地要求或抗议18affected[əˈfektɪd]adj.感动的；受到影响的；（人或行为）假装的；倾向于…的v.影响( affect的过去式和过去分词 )；假装；感动；（疾病）侵袭1920labor['leɪbə(r)]n.劳动；努力；工作；劳工v.努力争取(for)；苦干；详细分析adj.劳工的，工会的；（常大写）（英国或英联邦国家）工党的vi.（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转21good-humor[]良好的幽默感 良好的幽默感22good humor[ɡud ˈhju:mə]n.高兴，心情好23good-humored['ɡʊdhj'u:mərd]adj.快乐的，愉快的24propriety[prəˈpraɪəti]n.正 礼貌；规矩；正当；合适25improper[ɪmˈprɒpə(r)]adj.不合适的，非正常的；不正确的；不正派的，不合礼仪的；不道德的26bon-mot[]好的词 好的词27bon[bɔn]adj. 好的28adventure[əd'ventʃə(r)]n.冒险活动；冒险经历；奇遇29mot[məu]n.警句30cant[kænt]n.倾斜；（下层社会的）黑话；斜面；言不由衷的话vi.斜穿；使用黑话（或行话等）；说言不由衷的话vt.使具有斜面；使倾斜；将…斜掷出去；猛扔adj.黑话的；有斜面的；斜穿的31divest[dɪˈvest, daɪ-]vt. 剥夺;脱去（衣服）;2。
武汉理工大学研究生英语Units-1-8课后习题答案及课文翻译
Unit1SchoolingPassageOneVocabulary1.striking2.slenderimpeccable3.discernible4.sloppy5.sagacity6.arrogance7.vow8.homonym9.glistening10.fixtheblameonPassageTwoVocabulary1.A2.B3.C4.A5.B6.D7.A8.D9.D10.CTranslation1.我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。
当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼。
他就是杰瑞·卡帕琪斯基——乌克兰移民。
2.传统的观念认为老师应该为学生梳理知识，而不是一味的把知识塞进他们的脑袋里。
作业和小组学习都是备受青睐的学习手段。
传统的方法，如讲授和背诵，都被讥讽为“钻杀”，被人反对，被贬为是用正确的方法来蚕食年轻一代的创造力和积极性。
3.死记硬背现在被作为解释来自印度（印度人的记忆力让人赞不绝口）家庭的孩子在全国拼字比赛中大胜对手的一个原因。
4.当然，我们也担心失败会给孩子造成精神创伤，削弱他们的自尊。
5.研究人员曾以为，最有效的老师会通过小组学习和讨论带领学生学习知识。
PassageOne马文科林斯的方法在人群中，马文老师总是会显得很醒目：她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健，这都遗传自她那乔克托印第安人血统的曾祖母。
马文老师瘦削而不柔弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
马文很少穿宽松衣服，也决不穿宽大的直筒连衣裙或不正式的短衫及裙子。
马文认为宽大的衣服是对自己、对学生、对教师这一职业的不敬。
从开学的第一天起，马文老师总会告诉设法让孩子们懂得：自尊是一个人最可宝贵的东西。
马文的着装总是无可挑剔，这既是为了自己，也是为了学生们：她爱穿开司米羊毛衫、套装以及人字形花呢服装。
她的衣服都剪裁得很合适，时髦而简单，但她常常会加上一个装饰品：在羊毛衫上配上一条雕有花纹的腰带，或一条有圆形浮雕的锁链，或玻璃纱襟花，抑或是一块用狮头胸针别在口袋上的花边手巾。
[研究生英语精读]Unit Eight
![[研究生英语精读]Unit Eight](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7deb2d6d25c52cc58bd6be9e.png)
1. cadence n. rhythm韵律
[ 6 ] This demonstration impressed political Washington because it combined a number of things no politician can ignore. It had the force of numbers. It had the melodies of both the church and the theater. And it was able to invoke* the principles of the Founding Fathers to rebuke* the inequalities and hypocrisies* of modern American life.
1. invoke v. call to help求助 2. rebuke※ v. reprove sternly指责 3. hypocrisy n. pretense of virtue伪善
[ 7 ] There was a paradox in the day's performance. The Negro leaders demanded equality "now", while insisting that this was only the "beginning" of the struggle.
外研社版学术英语综合Unit8译文
外研社版学术英语综合U n i t8译文-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1第八单元全球化Text A从柏柏尔人到巴赫的全球化之路马友友作为职业大提琴手已有三十余年，其间有整整二十个年头都一直奔波在巡演的路上，与此同时，我也致力于了解各种音乐的传统与文化。
正是这些旅途让我认识到文化传统在全球化的世界中所扮演的角色——为个体身份、社会安定与友好交流建立至关重要的框架。
当今世界变化日新月异，这必然会导致文化上的不稳定，人们也不禁对自身的定位产生疑问。
在全球化背景下，我们不得不屈从于他人的规则，因此常常会威胁到个体的特性。
这种处境令我们不安，因为屈从他人规则就意味着不得不改变我们坚守数千年并引以为傲的风俗习惯。
因此，当前全球化背景下的领导者们所面临的一个关键问题就是：如何才能在不牺牲个体特性与文化自豪感的同时，让各种文化和习俗逐渐发展到能够适应一个更大的平台呢这些年的音乐之旅告诉我，全球化进程中的交流互动并不只会破坏文化，相反，它不仅能创造新的文化，而且还会为那些存在了几世纪的古老传统注入新的活力，使其被世界上更多的人熟知。
这一点与生态学上的群落“边缘效应”类似，后者本身是用来描述两个不同的生态系统交汇时的景象。
例如，在森林与大草原这两种生态系统的交界之处，存在着密度最小但种类最多的生命形态，而每一种形态都汲取了两种生态系统的精髓。
由此可见，有时候最有趣的事情往往发生在边缘地带，而交叉地带往往能够揭示出意想不到的联系。
文化，就像是聚集了世界各地瑰宝的拼图。
探索世界的途径之一正是深入地挖掘文化传统的核心。
举一个音乐领域的例子，每一位大提琴手的核心曲目都是巴赫的《无伴奏大提琴组曲》。
而每一个组曲的核心都是一种叫做萨拉班德舞（sarabande）的舞曲。
这种缓慢而感性的舞曲最早来自于北非柏柏尔人的音乐，随后流传到西班牙，但因当时人们认为曲子猥亵而遭到禁止。
后来西班牙人将这种舞曲又带到美洲，继而流传到了法国，在那里演化为一种庄严的宫廷舞蹈。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT8课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT81. In the last year, MOOCs have gotten a tremendous amount of publicity. Last November, the New York Times decided that 2012 was “the Year of the MOOC,” and columnists like David Brooks and Thomas Friedman have proclaimed ad nausea that the MOOC “revolution” is a “tsunami” that will soon transform higher education. As a Time cover article on MOOCs put it — in a rhetorical flourish that has become a truly dead cliché — “College is Dead. Long Live College!”2. Where is the hype coming from? On the one hand, higher education is ripe for “disruption” — to use Clayton Christensen’s theory of “disruptive innovation” — because there is a real, systemic crisis in higher education, one that offers no apparent or immanent solution. It’s hard to imagine how the status quo can survive if you extend current trends forward into the future: how does higher education as we know it continue if tuition fees and student debt continue to skyrocket while state funding continues to plunge? At what point does the system simply break down? Something has to give.3.At the same time, the speed at which an obscure form of non-credit-based online pedagogy has gone so massively mainstream demonstrates the level of investment that a variety of powerful people and institutions have made in it. The MOOC revolution, if it comes, will not be the result of a groundswell of dissatisfaction felicitously finding a technology that naturally solves problems, nor some version of the market’s invisible hand. It’s a tsunami powered by the interested speculation of interested parties in a particular industry. MOOCs are, and will be, big business, and the way that their makers see profitability at the end of the tunnel is what gives them their particular shape.4. After all, when the term itself was coined in 2008 — MOOC, for Massively Open Online Course — it described a rather different kind of project. Dave Cormier suggested the name for an experiment in open courseware that George Siemens and Stephen Downes were putting together at the University of Manitoba, a class of 25 students that was opened up to over 1,500 online participants. The tsunami that made land in 2012 bears almost no resemblance to that relatively small — and very differently organized — effort at a blended classroom.For Cormier, Siemens, and Downes, the first MOOC was part of a long-running engagement with connectivist principles of education, the idea that we learn best when we learn collaboratively, in networks, because the process of learning is less about acquiring new knowledge “content” than about building the social and neural connections that will 1. 去年，“大规模在线开放课程”得到了广泛的宣传。
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16 Let ｂｏth siｄes,fｏr the first tｉme,ｆormulate（v.制订）seriｏuｓanｄpｒecise(adj.精确的,一丝不苟的) pｒopｏsaｌs(n.建议书）fｏｒthｅinｓpｅctioｎ(ｎ.视察，检查) and cｏntrｏl of ａrms（ｎ.武器)--－ａndｂring the aｂsｏｌuｔe powｅr tｏｄestrｏy oｔher natioｎs undeｒtｈｅabｓoｌute cｏntrol ｏf allｎａtｉons.让双方首次为军备检查和军备控制制订认真而又明确的提案,把毁灭其他国家的绝对力量置于所有国家的绝对控制之下。
1７Leｔbｏth siｄeｓseeｋｔｏｉnvoｋe(v.调用，利用)the woｎd ｅrｓｏｆsｃiｅnce inｓｔｅad of iｔs teｒｒors．Tｏgｅtherｌeｔus exp ｌｏｒｅthe ｓｔarｓ, ｃｏｎquer the dｅserts（ｎ.沙漠/v.放弃，遗弃), ｅradi ｃate (v.根除，消灭）disease,tａp tｈe ｏcｅａn ｄepｔhｓ(深海), and ｅｎcourage the artｓand comｍerce (n.贸易).让双方寻求利用科学的神奇力量,而不是激发科学的恐怖因素。
让我们一起探索星球，征服沙漠，根除疾患，开发深海,并鼓励艺术和商业的发展。
18 Leｔboｔｈsides ｕniｔe tｏhｅｅd inａll cornｅrs of tｈe eaｒth t ｈｅcｏmmａnd of Iｓaｉah (ｎ．以赛亚书(圣经旧约);圣经男子名）---to“ｕndｏ（v.取消;解开;破坏;撤销) the heavy bｕrｄｅnｓ(n．负担；责任）…ａnd to lｅt ｔｈe oppｒessed（adj.受压制的；受压迫的）gｏfree (获得自由).让双方团结起来，在全世界各个角落倾听以赛亚的训令——“卸下沉重的负担，让被欺压者得到自由。
”１9 And if a beachｈｅad（n.滩头阵地) ofｃooperatioｎｍay puｓh back the jungle（n．丛林) oｆsｕspicｉon(猜忌的)，let both ｓｉdes join in creａｔing ａnew enｄeavor(ｎ.努力),ｎot ａｎew ｂalanｃe oｆpoｗer,but a neｗworｌｄof ｌaw, wｈｅｒe the sｔrong ａre jusｔanｄｔhe weａk secu ｒe(aｄj.安全的) and tｈe peace pｒeserved（ａdｊ．保藏的）．如果合作的滩头阵地能逼退猜忌的丛林,那么久让双方共同作一次新的努力，不是建立一种新的均势，而是创造一个新的法治世界,在这个世界中，强者公正，弱者安全，和平将得到维护。
Unｉt 8Ｂ1 Pｅrsｏnal ｔranspｏrtation(n．运输工具) is trｕly a marvel(n.奇迹)of ｔhe twentieth cｅｎtｕry．Aｄvａｎces inｍany fieｌds of ｔｅchnologｙｈavｅmade aｕtomobiles(ｎ．汽车,发动器)anｄchａnnelｓof transpo ｒtａtion avaiｌable to ａlｍost anyone. Howｅｖeｒ，the frｅeｗays(n．高速公路)in major cities,on whichｓo ｍaｎy peｏpｌe dｅｐeｎｄfor ｇe ｔting them to work or schoｏlｅveｒy ｄay，wｅｒｅnot deｓiｇｎeｄfor tｈe aｍount oｆｔｒaffｉc theyｎow rｅｑuｉrｅd ｔo ａccｏmmｏdａtｅ(v.适应，调解).Ｂecausｅof thiｓtheｒｅare ｍany prｏblｅms ｗiｔh hｅavy traffiｃａnｄwe exｐｅrienceｄｉfficulｔy in quickly rｅｓponding ｔo probｌems tｈat oｃcｕr.个人交通工具确实是20世纪的一个奇迹。
在许多领域的技术进步使汽车和运输渠道提供给任何人。
然而,主要城市的高速公路,很多人所依赖的让他们每天工作或学校,没有设计的流量现在他们需要适应。
因为这个和拥挤的交通有很多问题,我们经历困难迅速应对出现的问题。
2Eveｎｗｉth the technolｏgｙembedｄed (ｖ.嵌入) in ｔｏday｀s ａｕtｏmobiles，drivｉng can bｅ a frusｔrating(ａdj.令人沮丧的)aｎd potent ｉalｌy (adv.可能地）ｄeadly eｘperiencｅ. Tｈis iｓeｓｐｅcｉally tｒｕe in large mｅtｒoｐｏlitａn (adj.大城市的）cities, where tｈe criss-ｃrｏssiｎg (交叉回交，十字形交叉)netwｏrk of higｈways ｃrｅateｓａn amazinｇly coｍpｌeｘsystem,jｕst waitinｇfor somethiｎgｔo go wrong. Aｎd tｈing ｓwｉll gｏwronｇ, ｔherｅ`s no aｖoｉdｉnｇｔhat, the sｙｓteｍdｅpenｄs oｎfar too ｍaｎｙｅｌements(ｎ.基础，原理)．即使技术嵌入在今天的汽车，开车可以是一个令人沮丧的和潜在的致命的经验。
特别是在大型城市,公路纵横交错的网络创造了一个非常复杂的系统,只是等待出错。
事情会出错，没有避免,系统取决于太多的元素。
3 Howeveｒ，tｈeｒe arｅsｔｉｌl thｉnｇｓthat cａn be ｄonｅto minim ｉzｅ(v.最小化) ｔhe risk ａnｄeｆｆecｔs of tｈe ｏｃcurｒences(n.发生，出现). Generalｌy the solｕtｉｏn fｏｒreｄuciｎg ｔraffiｃhas been tｏwideｎｈigｈwａｙs. But, ｔhis ｍerely posｔｐoneｓ（v.使…延期,把…放在次要地位)the ｐrｏblem; thｅnumber of peoｐlｅand ｃars ｏn freｅwａys will conｔinｕｅto increａse. A nationaｌｐrograｍcalｌｅd Iｎteｌｌiｇen ｔTransporｔation Ｓystｅｍ(ITS) attempts to solve tｈeｓe proｂlｅmｓthrough engineerｉng anｄtechnoｌogy. ITS acｈieves thｉｓby comｂiniｎg the ｈarｄware,ｓofｔware，and nｅtwｏｒking necesｓary toｇather(v.收集，聚集), pｒocｅsｓ, and distｒｉbute(v.分配,散布,分开)ｉnformation ｉmｐortant ｔo the paｒties inｖolｖed.然而,仍然有事情可以做事件的风险和影响降到最低。
一般的解决方案减少公路交通已经扩大。
但是,这仅仅是推迟的问题;以及高速公路上的汽车的人数将继续增加。
国家项目叫做智能交通系统(ITＳ)通过工程和技术试图解决这些问题。
其达到这样的目标，结合硬件、软件和网络需要收集,过程,和分发信息重要的当事人。
４Ｔｈe official goaｌｓof all ITS orgaｎizａtions are to iｍprｏｖeｔhe safety and effｉｃiｅｎｃy (ｎ.效率;功效）of travelｉng ｏn city freeｗayｓ. These ａｒｅsｅrious issｕｅs (n.问题)ａnｄｈaｖe an ｅffｅｃｔon ciｔizｅns of largｅcitiｅｓon a daily basｉs(每天指一起共事).Ｗhen therｅis ａn accident ｏn the road，tｈe respｏｎseｔime ofｍeｄical ｓｅrｖiceｓis extremｅlｙimｐortａnt. Secｏnｄs ｃan mａke ｔhe diｆｆerｅnce betｗeeｎlｉfe and deaｔh；Ｅmergency MedicaｌSeｒviｃes （EＭS) need to be on thｅｓcene (在场,到场)rigｈt afterｔhe aｃciｄent has ｏcｃurrｅd．If thｅｓystem iｓｉｎteｇｒateｄｉnto ｔhe tranｓporｔatｉｏn iｎfrａstruｃｔｕre (n.基础设施,公共建设)ｓｏthat EMS is alertｅd within seｃonds of a traｆfic accideｎt，many ｌiveｓcan ｂe saved.所有组织的官方目标是改善旅游城市高速公路的安全性和效率。
这是很严重的问题,影响公民每天的大城市。
当有事故在路上,医疗服务的响应时间是非常重要的。
秒能让生与死的区别,紧急医疗服务(ＥＭS)需要在现场对事故发生后。
如果系统是集成到交通基础设施，EMS提醒在几秒内的交通事故，可以拯救许多人的生命。
５The next stｅp to make traｎspoｒtaｔion ｓaｆer ｉs ｔｏrｅdｕｃｅthｅrｉsksｔhａt can cauｓe such accideｎts．This incluｄes rｅdｕｃing traffｉｃｃｏnｇｅsｔion (ｎ.原因), cleａｒingａccｉdents moｒe ｑｕicklｙ, andｒoutｉnely cｈeckiｎｇthe transporｔatｉon chaｎnｅls for ｄangｅrous areaｓor obsｔruｃtｉｏnｓ（n．难题,引起麻烦的人). Tｈｅｐｒoｂlem is thaｔit wｏuld requiｒｅ a massive worｋforce toｓｕccesｓfully impleme ｎt (aｄj.这样的）ｔhis ｓoｒt ｏf ｐrogram in a mａjor cｉｔy like LoｓAngｅｌｅs.让交通更安全的下一步是减少风险，可能会导致这类事故的发生。
这包括减少交通堵塞,清理事故更迅速,并经常检查运输危险区域或渠道障碍。