句子翻译讲解

翻译与写作的异同 共同点：汉语转换为英语
• 写作：综合题型，最难
– 语法+词汇 – 逻辑 – 句型 – 拼写 – 英语思维
• 翻译：汉语到英语转换能力：语法与词汇
介词：位置
• People see the sun ―moving‖ 80 the sky as morning turns to night , and the earth seems stationary while that is happening. • A) around B) across • C) on D) above
翻译考试样题
89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _____________(与我的相比). Key: compared with mine/in comparison with mine 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only ______________ (一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London. Key: half as much (money) 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely______________(把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. Key: to attribute their children’s success to
基本要求：有基本的词汇、词性，语句知 识。最起码应能熟练掌握和运用课内所学 得单词、词组和基本语法常识。
（这个女孩受到教育） ____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. (CET-4 1999,1)
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个 名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语 从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系 副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有： when, where, why等。
四级翻译
• 大学英语四级考试新增题型汉译英是衡量 学生英语综合水平和应用能力的一个重要 指标，不仅要求考生了解单词和基本句法， 更应具备灵活应用所学知识的能力。 • 汉译英放在考试的最后一个阶段，5分钟处 理5个句子。在整个四级卷面（满分为710 分）中占35.5分。
汉译英考题的实质
• 考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。 • 内容纯属语言层面，几乎不需要翻译专业 理论知识。 • 名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构 和词组运用知识。
表语从句例句
1）The question is______________________ （我们 是否能做好准备） in such a short time. 答案：whether we can make good preparation
2) This is________________________.(我们能得到 人民支持的原因) 答案： why we can't get the support of the people
主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
（你所需要的）________________ is more practice. 答案：What you need
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句， 放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连 系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的 连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引 导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的 还有the reason is that... 和 It is because 等 结构。
to finance my education
来自百度文库
89. The professor required that _________ (我们交研究报告). Key: we hand in our research reports
90. The more you explain, ________ (我愈糊涂).
作文评分原则
• Global scoring: 阅卷人就总的印象给出分数， 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。满分15 分。分为五个分数段14分、11分、8分、5分、 及2分。
给分档
• 14分—— 切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯 性较好。基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。 • 11分—— 切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有 少量语言错误。 • 8分 —— 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够 清楚, 文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多,其中有 一些是严重错误。 • 5分 —— 基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性 差。有较多的严重语言错误。 • 2分 —— 条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破 • 碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为 • 严重错误。
87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble_____________ (找到去历史博物馆的路). Key: finding the way to the history museum 88. ___________ (为了挣钱供我上学)，mother often takes on more work than is good for her. Key: In order to support my university studies/
宾语从句
1.（多亏了你） ___________________ I have been so successful.
答案：
I owe it to you that
2. We must find out ___________________. (谁做的这一切) 答案：who did all this.
由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句
1）He will do_____________________.(不管老师让 他干什么)
答案： whatever the teacher asks him to do. 2）I’ll take ____________________.(不论谁想和 我去看戏) 答案：whoever wants to go with me to the theatre.
whose
1）They rushed over to help the man____________________. (那人车坏了) 答案：whose car had broken down.
2）Please pass me the book _____________________.(那本绿皮的书) 答案：whose (of which) cover is green.
几个主要解题方法 1.选准句型 依靠分析词语的搭配和上下文，如：
The harder you work,____ 就越大) .(取得的进步
答案：the greater progress you will make.
2.弄清所需结构 名词从句 定语从句 状语从句
名词性从句
主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同 位语从句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起。
• 常见的语法句型 • 常见的词汇、词组 从样题看，翻译主要考语法和词汇两项内 容。要做好每一题，考生都必须掌握所考 的语法项目和词汇，两者缺一可。
解题步骤
1) 读懂原句：读懂英文句子的内容。 2) 分析判断语法结构：根据英语部分，结合所要翻 译的汉语，判断要翻译部分在整句中应该使用的 语法结构。 3) 选择词汇及短语：确定基本结构时，还要考虑相 关词汇的使用。 4) 完成句子翻译：翻译一般不止有一个标准答案， 你也有可能有几个选择，在翻译时，尽量使用你 最有把握的结构和词汇。 5) 检查：看一下有没有错译和漏译。
to me, nothing is more important than reading
89. The victim ________ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
Key: would have a chance to survive/would have a chance of survival 90. Some psychologists claim that people ________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). Key: might feel lonely when they are far from home/are not in their home town/traveling
91. The nation’s population continues to rise ________ (以每年1200万人的速度).
Key:at a speed/rate of 12 million per year/at an annual speed of 12 million
翻译考点
Key: the more confused I am
91. Though a skilled worker, ________ (他被公司解雇了).
Key: he was fired by the company
Part VI Translation 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活). Key: adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures 88. Since my childhood I have found that________ (没 有什么比书对我更有吸引力). Key: nothing is more attractive to me than reading/
答案：The girl's being educated
翻译考试样题
Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. The substance does not dissolve in water ________________________(不管是否加热). Key: whether (it is) heated or not 88. Not only ______________(他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either. Key:did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me
方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1. Always do to the others __________________. (你希望人家怎样待你) 答案：as you would be done by 2. ________________, (犹如鱼儿离不开水) so air is to man. 答案:As water is to fish
状语从句
地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常where, wherever 引导。
1. _________________ (我住的地方) there are plenty of trees. 答案： Where I live 2. ___________________ (不管我在哪里) I will be thinking of you. 答案：Wherever I am