股票市场风险成因及传染:基于多主体仿真研究

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第36卷第3期2015年7月

大连理工大学学报(社会科学版)

Journal of Dalian University of Technology (Social Sciences )

Vol .36,No .3Jul .2015

股票市场风险成因及传染:基于多主体仿真研究

邬松涛, 何建敏

(东南大学经济管理学院,江苏南京211189)

摘 要:市场风险是股票市场最基本风险之一,针对个体投资者心理和交易数据的可获性难题,采用仿真方法从投资者行为视角出发对股票市场风险形成机理、演化逻辑及传染渠道进行研究。为此,借助复杂自适应系统思想,构建包含两种不同类型股票和一个无风险资产的人工市场仿真平台,投资者基于预期价格所提交订单在连续双向拍卖市场中完成交易和市场出清,并逐步引入投资者基于人际网络模仿行为、进入与退出市场、资金宽松与紧缺等动态演化机制进行对比实验。研究表明:模仿行为使风险较大的股票波动明显扩大;若对股票内在价值预期不变,市场中资金和投资者人数的增加并不会导致市场风险累积;持有股票组合的投资者退出市场行为是股票间市场风险传染的重要渠道。 关键词:人工股票市场;风险成因;风险传染;多主体仿真 中图分类号:F 830.91

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1008‐407X (2015)03‐0054‐07

Risk and Its Contagion in Stock Market :Based on Multi ‐Agent Simulation

WU Songtao , HE Jianmin

(School of Economics and Management ,Southeast University ,Nanjing 211189,China )

Abstract :Market risk is one of the basic risks in the stock market .A simulation method has been adopted to

study formation mechanism ,evolution path and contagion channels of the risk from a perspective of individual investors ,due to inaccessibility of investors ’p sychology and trade data .According to principles of complex a ‐daptive system ,an artificial stock market was constructed containing two types of stocks and a risk ‐free asset ,in w hich investors submitted orders based on the expected price ,and the orders were matched and cleared by continuous double auction mechanism .By adding dynamic mechanisms ,imitation ,entering or exiting market and abundant or shortage of capital one by one ,the causalities of the market risk were studied .T he study has show n that fluctuation of more risky stock was expanded significantly by imitation ,that lager population and more capitals of investors do not cause accumulation of market risk necessarily if the intrinsic value expectation of stocks was not changed ,and that the exiting investors w ho hold the stock portfolio are an important channel of risk contagion between stocks in that portfolio .

Key words :artificial stock market ;cause of risk ;risk contagion ;multi ‐agent based simulation

收稿日期:2015‐04‐20; 修回日期:2015‐06‐03

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目:“基于复杂网络与M ulti ‐Agent 融合的金融市场间风险溢出效应研究”(71371051)、“基于复杂网络的银行间

传染风险及其演化模型研究”(71071034);国家自然科学基金青年项目:“基于计算实验方法的银行系统性风险演化模型研究”(71201023)

作者简介:邬松涛(1986‐),男,安徽六安人,东南大学经济与管理学院博士研究生,主要从事行为金融和计算实验金融研究,(E ‐mail :w usongtao

_w st @aliyun .com );何建敏(1956‐),男,江苏无锡人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事金融工程研究。

一、引 言

价格波动本是股票市场发挥“晴雨表”作用的应有

之意,但受诸多因素影响近几年牛熊市转换频繁并夹

杂着短期内的剧烈震荡,由此导致股票参与主体面临前所未有的潜在损失,同时亦不利于股票市场本身的健康发展。研究股票市场风险形成及传播机制对参与

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