it用法及引导的重点句型

2.非人称代词it
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境 等，称为非人称的it： 2.1.指天气： It is a lovely day, isn’t it? It is a bit windy.
2.2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 2.3.指环境: It was very quiet in the café. 2.4.指距离： It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre. 3.it的其他用法 3.1.表示谁在做某事的句子： Who is it? ---It’s me. Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 3.2.用来泛指某件事： So you are going to be married this time？When is it？ It doesn’t matter. It is a shame, isn’t it?
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8. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值 得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能 省，常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时 侯．．．＂ It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.
17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定 式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必 须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心 的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为： sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
14. It takes sb. ... to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语， 句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做……要花费 某人……＂。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可 以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ... 该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句 型常译为 ＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。 It doesn’t matter if they are old.
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㈠ 1.it作人称代词
1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事 物，以避免重复: Ningbo is a beautiful city, isn’t it? 1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isn’t. 1.3.也可指抽象事物: It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that．
7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气 （should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示 出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时， 则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
㈡.it的重要句型
1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在 前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分 可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主 语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把 这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺 的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的 方法。
5. It is said (reported， learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报 道，据悉．．．）＂。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
1)He didn’t come because he was ill. It was because he was ill that he didn’t come. 2) She didn’t go to bed until her father came back. It was until her father came back that she didn’t go to bed. (wrong) It was not until her father came back that she went to bed. Not until her father came back did she go to bed.
13. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句， 主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．. It seems that he will be back in a few days. ．．
10. It is .... since ...。 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又 要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题， 主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完 成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时 态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去 时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. It is three years since I came to live here.
3. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引 导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的， 肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结 构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
强调句型 It + be +被强调部分 + that/who从句 I met Tom in the park yesterday. 1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.
2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.
2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状 语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可 以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用 什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。 如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态； 如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态， 该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常 译为＂是第一（二）……次……＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
11. It be ... when ... 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句 中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为＂ 当．．．的时候，是．．．＂ It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
12. It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一 般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或 短语，常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job.
6. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过 去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时， that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动 词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议； 有命令……） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday. 4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park. It was five o’clock _________I when got home. It was at five o’clock_______ that I got home.
4. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词 不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词 原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容 词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.